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Insurance and reinsurance contracts - Analysis of movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Insurance    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets $ (1,148) $ (1,106)
Opening liabilities 139,839 126,239
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan 138,691 125,133
Insurance revenue    
Contracts measured under the modified retrospective approach (415) (247)
Contracts measured under the fair value approach (1,176) (733)
Other contracts (8,767) (8,391)
Total Insurance revenue (10,358) (9,371)
Insurance service expense:    
Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses 4,505 4,029
Amortisation of insurance acquisition cash flows 3,157 2,745
Losses or reversal of losses on onerous contracts 131 197
Adjustments to liability for incurred claims (30) 142
Insurance service expense 7,763 7,113
Insurance service result (2,595) (2,258)
Total net finance (income) expense from insurance and reinsurance contracts 4,154 8,839
Total amount recognised in income statement 1,559 6,581
Effect of movements in exchange rates (1,763) 210
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income (204) 6,791
Cash flows    
Premiums received net of ceding commissions paid 24,283 22,294
Insurance acquisition cash flows (4,798) (4,270)
Claims and other insurance service expenses net of recoveries from reinsurance received (11,427) (11,082)
Total cash flows 8,058 6,942
Other changes (293) (175)
Closing assets (1,313) (1,148)
Closing liabilities 147,565 139,839
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec 146,252 138,691
RI    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets (2,426) (1,856)
Opening liabilities 1,151 1,175
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan (1,275) (681)
Insurance service expense:    
Losses or reversal of losses on onerous contracts 48 (98)
Adjustments to liability for incurred claims (33) (3)
Insurance service expense 302 171
Insurance service result 302 171
Total net finance (income) expense from insurance and reinsurance contracts 338 (191)
Total amount recognised in income statement 640 (20)
Effect of movements in exchange rates 9  
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income 649 (20)
Cash flows    
Premiums received net of ceding commissions paid (2,837) (1,032)
Claims and other insurance service expenses net of recoveries from reinsurance received 612 458
Total cash flows (2,225) (574)
Other changes (3)  
Closing assets (3,390) (2,426)
Closing liabilities 536 1,151
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec (2,854) (1,275)
Liabilities for remaining coverage Excluding loss-recovery component | Insurance    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets (1,285) (1,200)
Opening liabilities 137,019 123,855
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan 135,734 122,655
Insurance revenue    
Contracts measured under the modified retrospective approach (415) (247)
Contracts measured under the fair value approach (1,176) (733)
Other contracts (8,767) (8,391)
Total Insurance revenue (10,358) (9,371)
Insurance service expense:    
Amortisation of insurance acquisition cash flows 3,157 2,745
Insurance service expense 3,157 2,745
Insurance service result (7,201) (6,626)
Investment components and premium refunds (7,008) (7,095)
Total net finance (income) expense from insurance and reinsurance contracts 4,007 8,792
Total amount recognised in income statement (10,202) (4,929)
Effect of movements in exchange rates (1,695) 220
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income (11,897) (4,709)
Cash flows    
Premiums received net of ceding commissions paid 24,283 22,294
Insurance acquisition cash flows (4,798) (4,270)
Total cash flows 19,485 18,024
Other changes (241) (236)
Closing assets (1,480) (1,285)
Closing liabilities 144,561 137,019
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec 143,081 135,734
Liabilities for remaining coverage Excluding loss-recovery component | RI    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets (2,023) (1,460)
Opening liabilities 1,200 1,220
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan (823) (240)
Insurance service expense:    
Insurance service expense 832 640
Insurance service result 832 640
Investment components and premium refunds 240 (1)
Total net finance (income) expense from insurance and reinsurance contracts 338 (191)
Total amount recognised in income statement 1,410 448
Effect of movements in exchange rates 12 (1)
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income 1,422 447
Cash flows    
Premiums received net of ceding commissions paid (2,837) (1,032)
Total cash flows (2,837) (1,032)
Other changes (4) 2
Closing assets (2,783) (2,023)
Closing liabilities 542 1,200
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec (2,241) (823)
Liabilities for remaining coverage loss component | Insurance    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets 20 14
Opening liabilities 805 622
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan 825 636
Insurance service expense:    
Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses (46) (42)
Losses or reversal of losses on onerous contracts 131 197
Insurance service expense 85 155
Insurance service result 85 155
Total net finance (income) expense from insurance and reinsurance contracts 47 15
Total amount recognised in income statement 132 170
Effect of movements in exchange rates (18) (4)
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income 114 166
Cash flows    
Other changes (20) 23
Closing assets 38 20
Closing liabilities 881 805
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec 919 825
Liabilities for remaining coverage loss component | RI    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets (119) (29)
Opening liabilities (15) (6)
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan (134) (35)
Insurance service expense:    
Insurance service expense 48 (98)
Insurance service result 48 (98)
Total amount recognised in income statement 48 (98)
Effect of movements in exchange rates 1  
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income 49 (98)
Cash flows    
Other changes   (1)
Closing assets (66) (119)
Closing liabilities (20) (15)
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec (86) (134)
Liabilities for incurred claims | Insurance    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets 117 80
Opening liabilities 2,015 1,762
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan 2,132 1,842
Insurance service expense:    
Incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses 4,551 4,071
Adjustments to liability for incurred claims (30) 142
Insurance service expense 4,521 4,213
Insurance service result 4,521 4,213
Investment components and premium refunds 7,008 7,095
Total net finance (income) expense from insurance and reinsurance contracts 100 32
Total amount recognised in income statement 11,629 11,340
Effect of movements in exchange rates (50) (6)
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income 11,579 11,334
Cash flows    
Claims and other insurance service expenses net of recoveries from reinsurance received (11,427) (11,082)
Total cash flows (11,427) (11,082)
Other changes (32) 38
Closing assets 129 117
Closing liabilities 2,123 2,015
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec 2,252 2,132
Liabilities for incurred claims | RI    
Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances by remaining coverage and incurred claims    
Opening assets (284) (367)
Opening liabilities (34) (39)
Net opening (assets) liabilities at 1 Jan (318) (406)
Insurance service expense:    
Insurance service expense (578) (371)
Insurance service result (578) (371)
Investment components and premium refunds (240) 1
Total amount recognised in income statement (818) (370)
Effect of movements in exchange rates (4) 1
Total amount recognised in comprehensive income (822) (369)
Cash flows    
Claims and other insurance service expenses net of recoveries from reinsurance received 612 458
Total cash flows 612 458
Other changes 1 (1)
Closing assets (541) (284)
Closing liabilities 14 (34)
Net closing (assets) liabilities at 31 Dec $ (527) $ (318)