
KEY AUDIT MATTER HOW OUR AUDIT ADDRESSED THE KEY AUDIT MATTER
Long-term contract accounting in Partner Funded sales (Group)
Refer to page 103 of the Audit Committee Report
(‘Significant matters considered by the Committee
in relation to the financial statements’), note 1.7
(‘Critical accounting judgements and key sources of
estimation uncertainty’) and note 2 (‘Revenue’) of the
financial statements.
This key audit matter relates to margin recognition
on Partner Funded sales, specifically the element for
which progress towards completion is measured by the
proportion of total costs incurred at the reporting date
relative to the estimated total cost of the contract
(known as the ‘input’ method).
The Group has a large number of contracts which span
multiple periods and are accounted for on a percentage
of completion basis, in accordance with IFRS 15. Long-
term contracting accounting requires a number of
judgements and estimates to be made by management,
including to:
• estimate total contract costs;
• estimate the stage of completion of the contract;
• forecast the profit margin;
• consider contract variations and the outcome of claims
to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant
reversal of revenue will not occur; and
• appropriately provide for loss making contracts, with
judgement required to determine the magnitude of any
provision required.
There is estimation uncertainty within the above
assumptions due to potential changes in market
conditions or unforeseen circumstances, in particular
given that these assumptions involve the assessment of
future events, which are inherently uncertain. As a result,
the forecast assumptions could be inaccurate and thus
could lead to the incorrect recognition of revenue or
margin on a given contract.
We assessed the basis of revenue recognition to ensure it is in
line with applicable accounting standards and supported by
management’s estimates.
We tested the design and operating effectiveness of
management’s key site level control in place over long-term
contracts. This included observation of a sample of site
review meetings taking place throughout the year (including
at year end) attended by senior management, including those
from the Commercial, Operational and Finance teams.
This enabled us to obtain evidence regarding the consistency
of the operation of this control across the regions and
contributed to our evidence regarding the accuracy and
completeness of both forecast costs and revenues.
We performed risk assessment procedures over the contracts
in place, including reviewing the movements in projected
margins during the year, in order to determine those
considered to be higher risk. This included those with revenue,
margin or losses recognised above pre-determined thresholds,
as well as sites with known operational issues. We performed
the following procedures in respect of these contracts:
• agreed overall anticipated revenue to a combination of the
underlying contract and agreed variations, with corroborative
evidence obtained to support the fact that any variations
were highly probable to not reverse;
• obtained evidence to corroborate management estimates
and judgements, particularly around forecast costs for which
a sample of such costs (focused on those categories of
cost we considered to be higher risk, due to a combination
of their quantum and the level of judgement required
by management) were agreed to appropriate supporting
evidence; and
• recalculated the revenue recognised and agreed it to the
underlying general ledger.
We also validated a sample of costs incurred during the year to
third party supplier invoices and tested the allocation of these
to the relevant contracts.
For contracts that were completed during the year, we
compared the final contract margin to the margin at the tender
stage to assess the accuracy of management’s forecasts.
For the remaining lower risk contracts, we performed analytical
procedures at a contract level in order to identify any
movements that differed significantly to our expectation.
We also performed testing over a sample of revenue, obtaining
third party evidence for the amounts recognised.
We assessed the appropriateness of the provision for
loss making contracts through a combination of the
procedures above.
Based on the procedures performed, we did not identify
any material misstatements within the revenue and cost of
sales, and therefore margin, recognised. We also assessed the
disclosures in respect of long-term contract accounting and
considered these to be appropriate.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT
continued
KEY AUDIT MATTER HOW OUR AUDIT ADDRESSED THE KEY AUDIT MATTER
Margin forecasting and recognition in Open Market and Partner Funded sales (Group)
Refer to page 103 of the Audit Committee Report (‘Significant
matters considered by the Committee in relation to
the financial statements’), note 1.7 (‘Critical accounting
judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty’) and
note 2 (‘Revenue’) of the financial statements.
This key audit matter relates to margin recognition for
Open Market sales and the element of Partner Funded sales
recognised based on the ‘output’ method.
The Group’s approach to margin forecasting and recognition
is based on a number of key assumptions, including:
• estimates of future build costs, land costs and central site
costs, including infrastructure costs;
• estimates of future sales price, based on an expected sales
price for the type and size of property; and
• periodic surveyor and financial appraisals performed to
support management’s estimate of the build progress
achieved based on the stage of completion of each plot,
with the accounting records updated accordingly.
If the overall site is loss making then management consider
this as part of the provisioning process.
We consider that appropriate margin recognition across
the life of a site is a significant financial reporting risk for
the Group due to the high level of estimation involved. As
a result, the forecast assumptions could be inaccurate and
thus could lead to the incorrect recognition of margin on a
given contract.
We assessed the basis of revenue recognition to ensure it is
in line with applicable accounting standards.
We tested the design and operating effectiveness of
management’s key site level forecasting and monitoring
control. This included observation of a sample of site review
meetings taking place throughout the year (including at
year end) attended by senior management, including those
from the Commercial, Operational and Finance teams.
This enabled us to obtain evidence regarding the
consistency of the operation of this control across the
regions and contributed to our evidence regarding the
accuracy and completeness of both forecast costs
and revenues.
We compared the actual revenue and costs for completed
sites against the original forecast for that site and also
assessed movements in forecast margin during the year on
open sites. Where significant differences were identified,
we evaluated the nature of the event that caused this
difference to arise, such as due to a change in the plan
for the site. Based on the evidence obtained, this enabled
us to obtain assurance in respect of the accuracy of
management’s estimation methodology.
We tested a sample of actual costs incurred to third party
evidence and tested a sample of forecast costs to either
third party evidence or other appropriate support.
We reviewed the output from a sample of instances
of management’s forecasting and monitoring control
performed post year end to assess the completeness of site
costs recognised at 31 December 2023.
We tested a sample of forecast sales prices to the actual
sales prices attained around year end, available market data
for similar properties, or contracts, where applicable, to
support the validity of these sales prices.
We assessed the impact that the strategy change had
on the margin of legacy ‘housebuilding’ sites, including
how management have reflected the expected increase
in the proportion of Partner Funded contracts in the
forecast revenue and cost to come estimates used to
derive forecast site margins. We inspected significant sales
contracts entered into during the year as a result of the
strategy change and assessed that they were accounted for
appropriately. We also ensured that the forecast revenue to
come had only been updated at the year end to take into
account partner funded contracts that had a high degree of
certainty of being completed.
Based on the procedures performed, we did not identify
any material misstatements within the revenue and cost of
sales, and therefore margin, recognised. We also assessed
the disclosures in respect of margin forecasting and
recognition and considered these to be appropriate.
2023 HIGHLIGHTS STRATEGIC REPORT GOVERNANCE REPORT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OTHER INFORMATION
Annual Report and Accounts 2023
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