
Impairment of Assets Other Than Goodwill
At each balance sheet dat
e, the Dir
ectors r
evie
w the
carrying amounts of the Group
’s tangible and int
angible
assets, other than goodwill, t
o determine whether
there is an
y indication that those assets hav
e suffer
ed
an impairment loss. If an
y such indication exists, the
reco
v
erable amount of the asset in its curr
ent condition
is estimat
ed in order t
o determine the e
xt
ent of the
impairment loss, if any
. Where the asset does not
generat
e cash flo
ws that are independent fr
om other
assets, the Group estimat
es the reco
verable amount of
the CGU to which the asset belongs
. W
ith respect t
o
property
, plant and equipment, each st
ore is consider
ed
to be a CGU and r
e
view
ed for impairment wher
eb
y
changes in circumst
ances indicat
e that the reco
v
erable
amount is lo
wer than the carrying v
alue
.
The reco
v
erable amount is the higher of fair v
alue less
costs to sell and v
alue in use. In assessing the value in
use, the estimat
ed future cash flo
ws are discounted t
o
their present v
alue using a pr
e-t
ax discount rat
e that
reflects curr
ent mark
et assessments of the time v
alue of
money and the risks specific t
o the asset for which the
estimat
es of future cash flo
ws hav
e not been adjust
ed.
If the reco
v
erable amount of an asset (
or CGU) is
estimat
ed to be less than its carrying amount, the
carrying amount of the asset (
CGU) is reduced t
o its
reco
v
erable amount
. An impairment loss is recognised
as an expense immediat
ely
, unless the r
elev
ant asset
is carried at a re-v
alued amount, in which case the
impairment loss is treat
ed as a re
v
aluation decrease t
o
the original historic cost and then as an e
xpense
.
Impairment losses recognised f
or CGU’s to which
goodwill has been allocated ar
e credit
ed initially t
o the
carrying amount of goodwill. An
y remaining impairment
loss is charged pr
o rat
a to the other assets in the CGU
.
Where an impairment loss subsequentl
y re
verses, the
carrying amount of the asset (
CGU) ex
cluding goodwill,
is increased t
o the re
vised estimat
e of its reco
v
erable
amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does
not ex
ceed the carrying amount that would hav
e been
determined had no impairment loss been r
ecognised
for the asset (
CGU) in prior periods. A re
v
ersal of an
impairment loss is recognised in the Income St
at
ement
Assets Held for Sale
Non-current assets classified as held f
or sale are
present
ed separat
ely and measur
ed at the lo
wer of
their carrying amounts immediatel
y prior to their
classification as held for s
ale and their fair v
alue less
costs to sell
. Once classified as held for sale
, the assets
are not subject t
o depreciation or amort
isation.
Discontinued Operations
A discontinued operation is a component of the Gr
oup
’s
business that repr
esents a separat
e major line of
business or geographical ar
ea of operations that has
been disposed of or is held for s
ale, or is a subsidiary
acquired e
x
clusiv
ely with a vie
w to r
esale
. Classification
as a discontinued operation occurs upon dispos
al or
when the operation meets the crit
eria t
o be classified as
held for sale
, if earlier
. When an operation is classified
as a discontinued operation, the r
esults are pr
esented
separat
ely in the consolidat
ed financial stat
ements and
the comparativ
e income st
atement is r
est
ated as if the
operation had been discontinued fr
om the st
art of the
Inv
ent
ories are v
alued at the lo
w
er of cost and net
realis
able value
. Cost includes the purchase price o
f the
manufactur
ed products, mat
erials, direct labour and
transport costs. Cost is calculat
ed using the w
eight
ed
av
erage cost method. Net r
ealisable v
alue is based on
the estimat
ed selling price less all estimated selling costs.
The Group r
eceives tr
ade discounts and rebat
es from
suppliers based upon the v
olume of orders placed in
a giv
en time window
. T
ypical discounts and rebates
receiv
ed b
y the Group include earl
y settlement discounts,
v
olume rebat
es on inv
ent
ory purchases, supplier r
ebates
based on faulty goods, and mark
eting support. Wher
e
there is sufficient cert
ainty that a discount or rebat
e
will be receiv
ed in the futur
e that relat
es to hist
oric
purchases this is r
eflect
ed in the cost of inv
ent
ories.
Where the r
eceipt of rebat
es is uncert
ain, the cost of
inv
ent
ories is held at full cost price until the rebat
e is
receiv
ed. Recognised r
ebates ar
e released t
o the Income
Stat
ement t
o the ext
ent that the st
ock has been sold.
Cash and Cash Equiv
alents
Cash and cash equiv
alents include cash in hand and
deposits held on call, t
ogether with other short term
highly liquid inv
estments that are readily con
v
ertible to
kno
wn amounts of cash and which are subject t
o an
insignificant risk of changes in v
alue.
Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities ar
e recognised in
the Group
’s Balance Sheet when the Group becomes a
party to the contr
actual pro
visions of the instrument.
Financial assets and financial liabilities ar
e initially
measured at f
air value
. T
ransaction costs that ar
e
directly attribut
able t
o the acquisition or issue of
financial assets and financial liabilities (other than
financial assets and financial liabilities at fair v
alue
through pr
ofit or loss) are added t
o or deduct
ed from
the fair v
alue of the financial assets or financial liabilities,
as appropriat
e, on initial r
ecognition. T
ransact
ion costs
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