| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Note | £m | £m | |
Revenue | 4,5 | ||
Cost of sales | ( | ( | |
Gross profit | 4 | ||
Administrative expenses | ( | ( | |
Other income related to acquisition of a subsidiary | 8 | ||
Gain related to acquisition of a subsidiary | 8 | ||
Operating profit | |||
Finance income | 10 | ||
Finance costs | 11 | ( | ( |
Profit before tax | |||
Income tax expense | 12 | ( | ( |
Profit for the year | |||
| Attributable to: | |||
Equity holders of the Parent | |||
Non-controlling interests | |||
Profit for the year | |||
| Earnings per share: | |||
– basic | 13 | ||
– diluted | 13 |
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Note | £m | £m | |
Profit for the year | |||
| Items that may be reclassified to the Consolidated Income Statement: | |||
Gain/(loss) arising on cash flow hedge | ( | ||
Income tax effect | 12d | ( | |
( | |||
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | ( | ||
( | |||
| Items not to be reclassified to the Consolidated Income Statement: | |||
Remeasurement of defined benefit plan | 33 | ( | |
Other comprehensive expense for the year, net of tax | ( | ||
Total comprehensive income for the year | |||
| Attributable to: | |||
Equity holders of the Parent | |||
Non-controlling interests | |||
Total comprehensive income for the year |
| 2022 | 1 January | |||
| 2023 | (restated * ) | 2022 * | ||
| Note | £m | £m | £m | |
| Non-current assets | ||||
Property, plant and equipment | 15 | |||
Right-of-use assets | 15 | |||
Intangible assets | 16 | |||
Investment in associate | 18a | |||
Deferred income tax assets | 12d | |||
Trade and other receivables * | 25 | |||
Prepayments | 5 | |||
| Current assets | ||||
Inventories | 19 | |||
Trade and other receivables * | 20 | |||
Income tax receivable | ||||
Prepayments | 5 | |||
Accrued income * | 5 | |||
Derivative financial instruments | 24 | |||
Cash and short-term deposits * | 21 | |||
Total assets | ||||
| Current liabilities | ||||
Bank overdraft * | ||||
Trade and other payables | 22 | |||
Deferred income | 5 | |||
Financial liabilities | 23a | |||
Lease liabilities | 23b | |||
Derivative financial instruments | 24 | |||
Income tax payable * | ||||
Provisions | 26 | |||
| 2022 | 1 January | |||
| 2023 | (restated * ) | 2022 * | ||
| Note | £m | £m | £m | |
| Non-current liabilities | ||||
Financial liabilities | 23a | |||
Lease liabilities | 23b | |||
Deferred income | 5 | |||
Retirement benefit obligation | 33 | |||
Provisions | 26 | |||
Deferred income tax liabilities | 12d | |||
Total liabilities | ||||
Net assets | ||||
| Capital and reserves | ||||
Issued share capital | 29 | |||
Share premium | 29 | |||
Capital redemption reserve | 29 | |||
Own shares held | 29 | ( | ( | ( |
Translation and hedging reserve | 29 | |||
Retained earnings | ||||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||
Non-controlling interests | 29 | |||
Total equity |
| Attributable to equity holders of the Parent | |||||||||
| Capital | Own | Translation and | |||||||
| Issued share | Share | redemption | shares | hedging | Retained | Shareholders’ | Non-controlling | Total | |
| capital | premium | reserve | held | reserves | earnings | equity | interests | equity | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
At 1 January 2023 | ( | ||||||||
Profit for the year | |||||||||
Other comprehensive (expense) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Total comprehensive (expense)/income | ( | ||||||||
| Transactions with owners: | |||||||||
– Cost of share-based payments | |||||||||
– Tax on share-based payments | |||||||||
– Capital reduction | ( | ||||||||
– Exercise of options | ( | ||||||||
– Purchase of own shares | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
– Equity dividends | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
Total | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
At 31 December 2023 | ( | ||||||||
At 1 January 2022 | ( | ||||||||
Profit for the year | |||||||||
Other comprehensive income | |||||||||
Total comprehensive income | |||||||||
| Transactions with owners: | |||||||||
– Cost of share-based payments | |||||||||
– Tax on share-based payments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
– Exercise of options | ( | ||||||||
– Purchase of own shares | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
– Equity dividends | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
Total | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
At 31 December 2022 | ( |
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Note | £m | £m | |
| Operating activities | |||
Profit before taxation | |||
Net finance (income)/cost | ( | ||
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 15 | ||
Depreciation of right-of-use assets | 15 | ||
Amortisation of intangible assets | 16 | ||
Share-based payments | 9 | ||
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | |||
Net cash flow from inventories | ( | ||
| Net cash flow from trade and other receivables | |||
(including contract assets) | ( | ||
| Net cash flow from trade and other payables | |||
(including contract liabilities) | ( | ||
Net cash flow from provisions and employee benefits | ( | ( | |
Other adjustments | ( | ||
Cash generated from operations | |||
Income taxes paid | ( | ( | |
Net cash flow from operating activities | |||
| Investing activities | |||
Interest received | 10 | ||
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired | ( | ||
Contingent consideration | 18 | ( | |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | 15 | ( | ( |
Purchases of intangible assets | 16 | ( | ( |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | |||
Net cash flow from investing activities | ( | ( |
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Note | £m | £m | |
| Financing activities | |||
Interest paid | 11 | ( | ( |
Interest paid on lease liabilities | 11 | ( | ( |
Purchase of non-controlling interest | 18 | ( | |
Dividends paid to equity shareholders of the Parent | 14 | ( | ( |
Proceeds from exercise of share options | |||
Purchase of own shares | ( | ( | |
Repayment of loans and credit facility | 31 | ( | ( |
Payment of capital element of lease liabilities | 23b | ( | ( |
Drawdown of borrowings | 31 | ||
Net cash flow from financing activities | ( | ( | |
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | 21 | ||
Cash and cash equivalents at the year end | 21 |
| Central | |||||||
| North | Corporate | ||||||
| UK | Germany | France | America * | International | Costs | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Revenue | |||||||
| Technology Sourcing revenue | |||||||
Gross invoiced income | 1,938.1 | 2,111.5 | 728.5 | 3,454.4 | 212.4 | – | 8,444.9 |
Adjustment to gross invoiced income for income recognised as agent | (1,166.3) | (849.7) | (248.6) | (851.8) | (42.2) | – | (3,158.6) |
Total Technology Sourcing revenue | 771.8 | 1,261.8 | 479.9 | 2,602.6 | 170.2 | – | 5,286.3 |
| Services revenue | |||||||
Professional Services | 132.2 | 365.4 | 50.8 | 118.7 | 11.7 | – | 678.8 |
Managed Services | 309.7 | 400.3 | 132.8 | 27.4 | 87.5 | – | 957.7 |
Total Services revenue | 441.9 | 765.7 | 183.6 | 146.1 | 99.2 | – | 1,636.5 |
Total revenue | 1,213.7 | 2,027.5 | 663.5 | 2,748.7 | 269.4 | – | 6,922.8 |
| Results | |||||||
Gross profit | 250.8 | 374.5 | 87.3 | 267.5 | 63.9 | – | 1,044.0 |
Adjusted administrative expenses | (192.0) | (211.5) | (78.6) | (202.5) | (44.1) | (43.8) | (772.5) |
Adjusted operating profit/(loss) | 58.8 | 163.0 | 8.7 | 65.0 | 19.8 | (43.8) | 271.5 |
Adjusted net interest | 5.5 | 1.0 | (0.8) | 1.7 | (0.9) | – | 6.5 |
Adjusted profit/(loss) before tax | 64.3 | 164 | 7.9 | 66.7 | 18.9 | (43.8) | 278.0 |
| Exceptional items: | |||||||
– unwinding of discount relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | (3.2) | ||||||
– gain relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | 2.8 | ||||||
– other income relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | 5.3 | ||||||
Total exceptional items | 4.9 | ||||||
Amortisation of acquired intangibles | (10.8) | ||||||
Profit before tax | 272.1 |
| Total | |
| £m | |
Adjusted operating profit | 271.5 |
Amortisation of acquired intangibles | (10.8) |
Exceptional items | 8.1 |
Operating profit | 268.8 |
| Central | |||||||
| North | Corporate | ||||||
| UK | Germany | France | America * | International | Costs | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Other Segment information | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 31.7 | 40.7 | 5.5 | 9.9 | 8.3 | – | 96.1 |
Right-of-use assets | 9.0 | 45.4 | 14.3 | 18.8 | 17.0 | – | 104.5 |
Intangible assets | 54.8 | 17.1 | 10.2 | 225.8 | 14.5 | – | 322.4 |
| Capital expenditure: | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 5.7 | 7.8 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 4.4 | – | 21.9 |
Right-of-use assets | 3.5 | 13.2 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 12.6 | – | 33.8 |
Software | 12.0 | 0.3 | – | 0.2 | 0.7 | – | 13.2 |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 6.2 | 6.9 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 2.1 | – | 20.4 |
Depreciation of right-of-use assets | 4.6 | 20.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.6 | – | 41.4 |
Amortisation of software | 5.7 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 | – | 8.1 |
Share-based payments | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | – | 2.8 | 7.7 |
| Central | |||||||
| North | Corporate | ||||||
| UK | Germany | France | America * | International | Costs | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Revenue | |||||||
| Technology Sourcing revenue | |||||||
Gross invoiced income | 1,864.2 | 1,704.7 | 606.7 | 3,131.7 | 174.3 | – | 7,481.6 |
Adjustment to gross invoiced income for income recognised as agent | (1,055.1) | (551.6) | (170.9) | (773.8) | (30.3) | – | (2,581.7) |
Total Technology Sourcing revenue | 809.1 | 1,153.1 | 435.8 | 2,357.9 | 144.0 | – | 4,899.9 |
| Services revenue | |||||||
Professional Services | 147.5 | 315.7 | 41.7 | 122.5 | 9.2 | – | 636.6 |
Managed Services | 312.8 | 374.7 | 136.4 | 26.9 | 83.2 | – | 934.0 |
Total Services revenue | 460.3 | 690.4 | 178.1 | 149.4 | 92.4 | – | 1,570.6 |
Total revenue | 1,269.4 | 1,843.5 | 613.9 | 2,507.3 | 236.4 | – | 6,470.5 |
| Results | |||||||
Gross profit | 259.2 | 325.1 | 76.7 | 238.3 | 47.8 | – | 947.1 |
Adjusted administrative expenses | (178.7) | (184.2) | (69.6) | (185.3) | (36.5) | (23.7) | (678.0) |
Adjusted operating profit/(loss) | 80.5 | 140.9 | 7.1 | 53.0 | 11.3 | (23.7) | 269.1 |
Adjusted net interest | 2.6 | (2.2) | (0.8) | (4.2) | (0.8) | – | (5.4) |
Adjusted profit/(loss) before tax | 83.1 | 138.7 | 6.3 | 48.8 | 10.5 | (23.7) | 263.7 |
| Exceptional items: | |||||||
– unwinding of discount relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | (2.0) | ||||||
– costs relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | (1.8) | ||||||
Total exceptional items | (3.8) | ||||||
Amortisation of acquired intangibles | (10.9) | ||||||
Profit before tax | 249.0 |
| Total | |
| £m | |
Adjusted operating profit | 269.1 |
Amortisation of acquired intangibles | (10.9) |
Exceptional items | (1.8) |
Operating profit | 256.4 |
| Central | |||||||
| North | Corporate | ||||||
| UK | Germany | France | America * | International | Costs | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Other Segment information | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 29.6 | 40.7 | 5.6 | 11.7 | 6.5 | – | 94.1 |
Right-of-use assets | 10.3 | 53.8 | 18.2 | 22.5 | 14.6 | – | 119.4 |
Intangible assets | 49.5 | 17.5 | 10.4 | 250.6 | 14.1 | – | 342.1 |
| Capital expenditure: | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 7.2 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 2.6 | – | 23.7 |
Right-of-use assets | 2.6 | 22.6 | 4.8 | 10.5 | 4.5 | – | 45.0 |
Software | 10.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | – | 11.8 |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 6.9 | 6.8 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.3 | – | 21.5 |
Depreciation of right-of-use assets | 4.6 | 30.2 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.3 | – | 50.5 |
Amortisation of software | 5.7 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.4 | – | 8.0 |
Share-based payments | 4.2 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.7 | – | 1.7 | 8.6 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Revenue by type | ||
Gross invoiced income | 8,444.9 | 7,481.6 |
Adjustment to gross invoiced income for income recognised as agent | (3,158.6) | (2,581.7) |
Technology Sourcing revenue * | 5,286.3 | 4,899.9 |
| Services revenue | ||
Professional Services | 678.8 | 636.6 |
Managed Services | 957.7 | 934.0 |
Total Services revenue | 1,636.5 | 1,570.6 |
Total revenue | 6,922.8 | 6,470.5 |
| 31 December | 31 December | ||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Note | £m | £m | |
Trade receivables | 20 | 1,471.8 | 1,659.7 |
Contract assets, which are included in prepayments | 19.6 | 23.7 | |
Contract assets, which are included in accrued income | 151.9 | 129.2 | |
Contract liabilities, which are included in deferred income | 234.6 | 273.2 |
| Less than | One to | Two to | Three to | Four years | ||
| one year | two years | three years | four years | and beyond | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
As at 31 December 2023 | 747.4 | 528.4 | 370.3 | 194.6 | 152.0 | 1,992.7 |
As at 31 December 2022 | 729.1 | 513.2 | 374.0 | 266.7 | 226.8 | 2,109.8 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 20.4 | 21.5 |
Depreciation of right-of-use assets | 41.4 | 50.5 |
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Amortisation of software | 8.1 | 8.0 |
Amortisation of acquired intangible assets | 10.8 | 10.9 |
Severance costs | 3.2 | 1.9 |
Government grants | – | (1.2) |
(Gain)/loss on net foreign currency differences | (1.7) | 0.4 |
Costs of inventories recognised as an expense | 4,567.6 | 4,270.0 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Auditor’s remuneration: | ||
– Audit of the Financial Statements | 1.1 | 0.2 |
– Audit of subsidiaries | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Total audit fees | 3.2 | 2.5 |
Audit-related assurance services for the review of the Interim Report and Accounts | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Total non-audit services | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Total fees | 3.4 | 2.6 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Operating profit | ||
Other income related to acquisition of a subsidiary | 5.3 | – |
Costs related to acquisition of a subsidiary | – | (1.8) |
Gain related to acquisition of a subsidiary | 2.8 | – |
Exceptional operating profit/(loss) | 8.1 | (1.8) |
Interest cost relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | (3.2) | (2.0) |
Profit/(loss) on exceptional items before taxation | 4.9 | (3.8) |
| Income tax | ||
Tax credit relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | – | 0.2 |
Loss on exceptional items after taxation | 4.9 | (3.6) |
| Average number of full-time | ||||
| Average number of employees | equivalents | |||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |
| No. | No. | No. | No. | |
UK | 4,487 | 4,519 | 4,418 | 4,434 |
Germany | 7,086 | 6,921 | 6,725 | 6,556 |
France | 2,269 | 2,199 | 2,136 | 2,152 |
North America | 1,704 | 1,593 | 1,701 | 1,591 |
International | 4,762 | 4,138 | 4,596 | 3,975 |
Total | 20,308 | 19,370 | 19,576 | 18,708 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Wages and salaries | 1,090.5 | 999.5 |
Social security costs | 156.3 | 142.9 |
Contributions to defined contribution plans | 25.1 | 22.6 |
Expenses relating to defined benefit plans (note 33) | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Total staff costs | 1,274.1 | 1,167.2 |
Share-based payments | 7.7 | 8.6 |
1,281.8 | 1,175.8 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Bank interest received | 10.7 | 1.8 |
Interest receivable as a lessor | 0.7 | – |
Other interest received | 2.4 | 0.6 |
13.8 | 2.4 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Interest paid on bank loans and overdraft | 0.3 | 0.8 |
Interest paid on credit facilities | 0.4 | 1.4 |
Interest paid on lease liabilities | 4.7 | 4.9 |
Exceptional interest cost relating to acquisition of a subsidiary (note 8) | 3.2 | 2.0 |
Finance charges paid on customer-specific financing | 0.3 | – |
Other interest paid | 1.6 | 0.7 |
10.5 | 9.8 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Tax charged in the Consolidated Income Statement | ||
| Current income tax | ||
UK corporation tax | 13.6 | 15.1 |
| Foreign tax: | ||
– operating results before exceptional items | 64.0 | 49.0 |
– exceptional items | – | (0.2) |
Total foreign tax | 64.0 | 48.8 |
Adjustments in respect of prior years | 2.1 | (5.1) |
Total current income tax | 79.7 | 58.8 |
| Deferred income tax | ||
| Operating results before exceptional items: | ||
– origination and reversal of temporary differences | 0.3 | 1.0 |
– change in tax rates | (0.5) | 0.6 |
– adjustments in respect of prior years | (6.8) | 4.4 |
Total deferred income tax | (7.0) | 6.0 |
Tax charge in the Consolidated Income Statement | 72.7 | 64.8 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Profit before income tax | 272.1 | 249.0 |
At the UK standard rate of corporation tax of 23.5% (2022: 19%) | 63.9 | 47.3 |
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | 2.8 | 1.2 |
Non-deductible element of share-based payment charge | (0.1) | 2.3 |
Adjustments in respect of prior years | (4.7) | (0.7) |
Effect of different tax rates of subsidiaries operating in other jurisdictions | 12.0 | 17.6 |
Change in tax rate | (0.5) | 0.6 |
Other differences | (0.1) | 0.5 |
Overseas tax not based on earnings | 1.5 | 1.1 |
Previously unrecognised tax losses used to reduce deferred income tax expense | – | (3.2) |
Previously unrecognised tax losses used to reduce current tax expense | (0.9) | (0.9) |
Tax effect of income not taxable in determining taxable profit | (1.2) | (1.0) |
At effective income tax rate of 26.7% (2022: 26.0%) | 72.7 | 64.8 |
| Consolidated Statement of | ||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet | Consolidated Income Statement | Comprehensive Income | ||||
| 2022 | ||||||
| 2023 | (restated * ) | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Deferred income tax assets/(liabilities) | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment | (3.1) | (3.2) | (2.1) | (5.8) | – | – |
Right-of-use assets | (26.6) | (31.1) | 4.2 | 0.3 | – | – |
Intangible assets | (19.9) | (29.9) | 8.0 | (0.2) | – | – |
Inventories | 2.5 | 3.9 | (2.0) | (0.9) | – | – |
Derivative financial instruments | 0.1 | 1.2 | – | – | (0.9) | 1.0 |
Lease liabilities | 27.9 | 32.4 | (4.1) | (0.2) | – | – |
Share-based payments | 8.0 | 6.8 | 0.4 | (0.8) | – | – |
Tax losses carried forward | 3.7 | 3.9 | – | 3.2 | – | – |
Other temporary differences | 5.6 | 6.6 | 2.6 | (1.6) | – | – |
Deferred income tax (charge)/credit | 7.0 | (6.0) | (0.9) | 1.0 | ||
Net deferred income tax asset/(liabilities) | (1.8) | (9.4) | ||||
| Disclosed on the Consolidated Balance Sheet | ||||||
Deferred income tax assets | 11.6 | 11.3 | ||||
Deferred income tax liabilities | (13.4) | (20.7) | ||||
Net deferred income tax asset/(liabilities) | (1.8) | (9.4) |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Profit attributable to equity holders of the Parent | 197.6 | 182.8 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| m | m | |
Basic weighted average number of shares (excluding own shares held) | 112.9 | 112.8 |
| Effect of dilution: | ||
Share options | 1.2 | 2.1 |
Diluted weighted average number of shares | 114.1 | 114.9 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| p | p | |
Basic earnings per share | 175.0 | 162.1 |
Diluted earnings per share | 173.2 | 159.1 |
| 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022 | |
| p/share | £m | p/share | £m | |
| Amounts recognised as distributions to owners | ||||
| in the financial year | ||||
| Equity dividends on ordinary shares: | ||||
Paid prior financial year dividend | 45.8 | 51.9 | 49.4 | 55.6 |
Paid interim dividend | 22.6 | 25.4 | 22.1 | 24.9 |
77.3 | 80.5 | |||
Proposed (not recognised as a liability as at 31 December) | ||||
| Equity dividends on ordinary shares: | ||||
Proposed final dividend at financial year end | 54.1 | 52.3 |
| Property, plant | ||||||
| Fixtures, | and equipment | |||||
| Freehold | fittings, | excluding | ||||
| land and | Short leasehold | equipment | right-of-use | Right-of- | ||
| buildings | improvements | and vehicles | assets | use assets | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Cost | ||||||
At 1 January 2022 | 85.0 | 34.2 | 136.7 | 255.9 | 242.1 | 498.0 |
Relating to acquisition of subsidiaries | – | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.8 |
Additions | – | 2.7 | 21.0 | 23.7 | 45.0 | 68.7 |
Disposals | – | (2.9) | (17.2) | (20.1) | (78.0) | (98.1) |
Transfers | – | 10.7 | (12.5) | (1.8) | – | (1.8) |
Foreign currency adjustment | 1.1 | 3.0 | 5.6 | 9.7 | 12.3 | 22.0 |
At 31 December 2022 | 86.1 | 48.5 | 133.8 | 268.4 | 222.2 | 490.6 |
Additions | 0.1 | 4.6 | 17.2 | 21.9 | 33.8 | 55.7 |
Disposals | – | (1.8) | (14.7) | (16.5) | (30.2) | (46.7) |
Transfers | – | 2.4 | (5.5) | (3.1) | – | (3.1) |
Reclassification | (2.7) | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 |
Foreign currency adjustment | (0.4) | (1.0) | (2.5) | (3.9) | (5.6) | (9.5) |
At 31 December 2023 | 83.1 | 55.4 | 128.4 | 266.9 | 220.2 | 487.1 |
| Property, plant | ||||||
| Fixtures, | and equipment | |||||
| Freehold | fittings, | excluding | ||||
| land and | Short leasehold | equipment | right-of-use | Right-of- | ||
| buildings | improvements | and vehicles | assets | use assets | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Accumulated depreciation and impairment | ||||||
At 1 January 2022 | 46.6 | 15.9 | 103.4 | 165.9 | 104.0 | 269.9 |
Provided during the year | 2.0 | 4.7 | 14.8 | 21.5 | 50.5 | 72.0 |
Disposals | – | (2.7) | (15.8) | (18.5) | (56.9) | (75.4) |
Transfers | – | 8.0 | (8.5) | (0.5) | – | (0.5) |
Foreign currency adjustment | 0.1 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 11.1 |
At 31 December 2022 | 48.7 | 27.8 | 97.8 | 174.3 | 102.8 | 277.1 |
Provided during the year | 2.0 | 4.4 | 14.0 | 20.4 | 41.4 | 61.8 |
Disposals | – | (1.8) | (14.5) | (16.3) | (26.4) | (42.7) |
Transfers | – | 2.4 | (5.2) | (2.8) | – | (2.8) |
Reclassification | (2.6) | 2.6 | (2.7) | (2.7) | – | (2.7) |
Foreign currency adjustment | – | (0.5) | (1.6) | (2.1) | (2.1) | (4.2) |
At 31 December 2023 | 48.1 | 34.9 | 87.8 | 170.8 | 115.7 | 286.5 |
| Net book value | ||||||
At 31 December 2023 | 35.0 | 20.5 | 40.6 | 96.1 | 104.5 | 200.6 |
At 31 December 2022 | 37.4 | 20.7 | 36.0 | 94.1 | 119.4 | 213.5 |
At 1 January 2022 | 38.4 | 18.3 | 33.3 | 90.0 | 138.1 | 228.1 |
| Acquired intangible assets | |||||
| Customer | |||||
| Goodwill | Software | relationships | Others | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Cost | |||||
At 1 January 2022 | 165.9 | 112.0 | 114.0 | 22.1 | 414.0 |
Relating to acquisition of subsidiaries | 10.6 | – | 39.5 | 1.1 | 51.2 |
Additions | – | 11.8 | – | – | 11.8 |
Disposals | – | (5.7) | – | – | (5.7) |
Foreign currency adjustment | 13.1 | 1.4 | 13.6 | 1.4 | 29.5 |
At 31 December 2022 | 189.6 | 119.5 | 167.1 | 24.6 | 500.8 |
| Acquired intangible assets | |||||
| Customer | |||||
| Goodwill | Software | relationships | Others | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
Relating to acquisition of subsidiaries (note 18) | 1.9 | – | – | – | 1.9 |
Additions | – | 13.2 | – | – | 13.2 |
Disposals | – | (8.0) | – | – | (8.0) |
Transfers | – | 0.5 | – | – | 0.5 |
Reclassification | – | (4.3) | – | – | (4.3) |
Foreign currency adjustment | (6.4) | (0.5) | (8.7) | (0.2) | (15.8) |
At 31 December 2023 | 185.1 | 120.4 | 158.4 | 24.4 | 488.3 |
| Accumulated amortisation | |||||
| and impairment | |||||
At 1 January 2022 | 10.1 | 90.4 | 17.8 | 22.0 | 140.3 |
Provided during the year | – | 8.0 | 9.6 | 1.3 | 18.9 |
Disposals | – | (5.8) | – | – | (5.8) |
Foreign currency adjustment | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 5.3 |
At 31 December 2022 | 10.7 | 93.5 | 29.9 | 24.6 | 158.7 |
Provided during the year | – | 8.1 | 10.8 | – | 18.9 |
Disposals | – | (8.0) | – | – | (8.0) |
Transfers | – | 0.3 | – | – | 0.3 |
Reclassification | – | (1.4) | – | – | (1.4) |
Foreign currency adjustment | (0.2) | (0.3) | (1.9) | (0.2) | (2.6) |
At 31 December 2023 | 10.5 | 92.2 | 38.8 | 24.4 | 165.9 |
| Net book value | |||||
At 31 December 2023 | 174.6 | 28.2 | 119.6 | – | 322.4 |
At 31 December 2022 | 178.9 | 26.0 | 137.2 | – | 342.1 |
At 1 January 2022 | 155.8 | 21.6 | 96.2 | 0.1 | 273.7 |
| Pivot | |||||||||||
| Technology | Business IT | ||||||||||
CC * | CC | CC * | CC *** | CC * | PathWorks | Solutions, Inc | Source | ||||
| (UK) Limited | Germany | CC * AG | Belgium | US, Inc | Netherlands | GmbH | (Canada CGU) | Emerge | Holdings | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
1 January 2022 | 36.4 | 15.9 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 87.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 5.0 | – | – | 155.8 |
Relating to acquisition of subsidiaries | 2.1 | 8.5 | 10.6 | ||||||||
Foreign currency adjustment | – | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 10.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | – | (0.1) | 12.5 |
31 December 2022 | 36.4 | 16.8 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 97.9 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 8.4 | 178.9 |
Relating to acquisition of subsidiaries | 1.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.9 |
Foreign currency adjustment | – | (0.3) | 0.2 | – | (5.3) | (0.1) | 0.2 | (0.4) | (0.1) | (0.4) | (6.2) |
31 December 2023 | 38.3 | 16.5 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 92.6 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 174.6 |
Market growth rate | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.9% | |
Discount rate (pre tax) | 14.5% | 18.5% | 11.2% | 20.0% | 18.4% | 15.1% | 11.3% | 17.6% | 11.9% | 18.5% | |
Discount rate (post tax) | 13.2% | 12.4% | 9.9% | 14.1% | 13.6% | 11.9% | 9.9% | 13.4% | 9.5% | 13.3% |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Cost | ||
At 1 January and 31 December | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Impairment | ||
At 1 January and 31 December | – | – |
Carrying value | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Proportion of voting rights | ||||
| Country of | and shares held | |||
Name | incorporation | Nature of business | 2023 | 2022 |
Computacenter Pty Ltd. | Australia | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Computacenter Services | Australia | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Australia Pty Ltd. | ||||
Computacenter NV/SA | Belgium | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Brasil Importacao, Comercio e Servicos Ltda | Brazil | IT infrastructure service | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Canada Inc. | Canada | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Hong Kong Limited | China | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Computacenter Pivot Hong | China | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Kong Limited | ||||
| Computacenter Services | China | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Hong Kong Limited | ||||
Computacenter (UK) Limited | England | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
R.D. Trading Limited | England | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 95% |
Computacenter France SAS | France | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter AG & Co oHG | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Aktiengesellschaft | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Management GmbH | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Computacenter Managed | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Services GmbH | ||||
| Computacenter Germany AG & Co oHG Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% | |
Computacenter Holding GmbH | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Alfatron GmbH Elektronik – Vertrieb | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| C’NARIO Informationsprodukte | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Vertriebs-GmbH | ||||
E’ZWO Computer vertriebs | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 99.09% | 99.09% |
ITL logistics GmbH | Germany | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Proportion of voting rights | ||||
| Country of | and shares held | |||
Name | incorporation | Nature of business | 2023 | 2022 |
Computacenter Ireland Limited | Ireland | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Computacenter Services Ireland | Ireland | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Limited | ||||
Computacenter Japan K.K. | Japan | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter B.V. | Netherlands | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Computacenter Services | Singapore | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| Singapore Pte. Ltd. | ||||
Computacenter Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter (Pty) Limited | South Africa | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter AG | Switzerland | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter TS GmbH | Switzerland | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% iii |
Computacenter United States Inc. | USA | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% v |
FusionStorm Acquisition Corp. | USA | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% v |
FusionStorm International Inc. | USA | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% v |
Computacenter Holdings Inc. | USA | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Business IT Source Holdings, Inc. | USA | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
Pivot Technology Services Corp. | USA | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
ARC Acquisition (US), Inc. | USA | IT infrastructure services | 100% | 100% |
| ProSys Information System Inc. (WBE) USA | 28 | IT infrastructure services | 46.4% | 46.4% |
Digica Group Finance Limited | England | Investment property | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Immobilien GmbH | Germany | Investment property | 100% | 100% ii |
| Computacenter Information | China | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| Technology (Shanghai) Company | services | |||
| Limited | ||||
Computacenter Services Kft | Hungary | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| services |
| Proportion of voting rights | ||||
| Country of | and shares held | |||
Name | incorporation | Nature of business | 2023 | 2022 |
Computacenter India Private Limited | India | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| services | ||||
| Computacenter Services (Malaysia) | Malaysia | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| Sdn. Bhd | services | |||
Computacenter México S. A. de C.V. | Mexico | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| services | ||||
Pivot of the Americas, S. A. de C.V. | Mexico | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| services | ||||
Computacenter Poland sp. Z.o.o. | Poland | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| services | ||||
Computacenter Services S.R.L. | Romania | International call centre | 87.47% | 87.47% |
| services | ||||
Computacenter Services (Iberia) SLU | Spain 11 | International call centre | 100% | 100% |
| services | ||||
| Computacenter Quest Trustees | England | Employee share scheme | 100% | 100% |
| Limited | trustees | |||
Computacenter Trustees Limited | England | Employee share scheme | 100% | 100% |
| trustees | ||||
Allnet Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Amazon Computers Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Amazon Energy Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Amazon Systems Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
CAD Systems Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Compufix Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter (FMS) Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
| Computacenter (Management | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
| Services) Limited | ||||
Computacenter (Mid-Market) Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Distribution Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Leasing Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
| Proportion of voting rights | ||||
| Country of | and shares held | |||
Name | incorporation | Nature of business | 2023 | 2022 |
Computacenter Maintenance Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
| Computacenter Overseas Holdings | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
| Limited | ||||
Computacenter Services Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Software Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Solutions Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computacenter Training Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computadata Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Computer Services Group Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Digica Group Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Digica Group Holdings Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Digica SMP Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Digica (FMS) Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
ICG Services Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Kit Online Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
M Services Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Merchant Business Systems Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Merchant Systems Limited | England | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Logival (SARL) | France 12 | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
Damax GmbH | Switzerland | Dormant company | 100% | 100% |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| $m | $m | |
Current assets | 149.7 | 209.6 |
Non-current assets | 30.7 | 36.8 |
Current liabilities | 156.1 | 221.6 |
Non-current liabilities | 5.7 | 10.4 |
Revenue | 807.8 | 955.1 |
Total comprehensive income | 3.8 | 3.4 |
% interest held | 46.4% | 46.4% |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Inventories for re-sale (gross) | 236.8 | 437.0 |
Provisions | (20.8) | (19.3) |
Inventories for re-sale (net) | 216.0 | 417.7 |
| 2022 | ||
| 2023 | (restated * ) | |
| £m | £m | |
Trade receivables, including credit notes | 1,480.1 | 1,666.4 |
Allowance for expected credit losses | (8.3) | (6.7) |
Trade receivables | 1,471.8 | 1,659.7 |
Net investment in finance leases (note 25) | 5.8 | 3.3 |
Other receivables | 20.5 | 20.8 |
1,498.1 | 1,683.8 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
At 1 January | 6.7 | 7.8 |
Relating to acquisition | – | 0.3 |
Charge for the year | 9.3 | 4.8 |
Utilised | (0.4) | (0.7) |
Unused amounts reversed | (7.2) | (5.9) |
Foreign currency adjustment | (0.1) | 0.4 |
At 31 December | 8.3 | 6.7 |
| Past due but not impaired | |||||||
| Neither past due | |||||||
| Total | nor impaired | <30 days | 30–60 days | 60–90 days | 90–120 days | >120 days | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| 2023 | |||||||
Expected loss rate | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 10.1% |
Trade receivables, including credit notes | 1,480.1 | 1,099.2 | 256.3 | 59.3 | 22.2 | 12.5 | 30.6 |
Allowance for expected credit losses | 8.3 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 3.1 |
| 2022 | |||||||
Expected loss rate | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 3.7% | 5.6% | 11.6% |
Trade receivables, including credit notes | 1,666.4 | 1,315.7 | 222.1 | 74.5 | 21.8 | 10.7 | 21.6 |
Allowance for expected credit losses | 6.7 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| 2022 | ||
| 2023 | (restated * ) | |
| £m | £m | |
Cash and short-term deposits * | 471.2 | 264.4 |
Bank overdraft * | – | – |
Cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement | 471.2 | 264.4 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Trade payables | 1,186.5 | 1,320.5 |
Accruals | 277.3 | 305.9 |
Social security and other taxes | 137.1 | 123.9 |
Other payables | 53.4 | 68.3 |
Contingent consideration – note 18d | 20.2 | 38.9 |
1,674.5 | 1,857.5 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Current | ||
Bank loans | 2.1 | 2.6 |
Other loans | 2.7 | 4.9 |
4.8 | 7.5 | |
| Non-current | ||
Bank loans | 5.6 | 7.8 |
Other loans | 1.8 | 4.8 |
7.4 | 12.6 | |
12.2 | 20.1 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
At 1 January | 127.1 | 146.1 |
Additions during the year | 33.8 | 45.0 |
Relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | – | 0.8 |
Gross payment of lease liabilities | (46.1) | (55.2) |
Interest relating to lease liabilities | 4.7 | 4.9 |
Early terminations during the year | (0.4) | (22.0) |
Exchange adjustment | (3.7) | 7.5 |
At 31 December | 115.4 | 127.1 |
Current | 37.3 | 36.9 |
Non-current | 78.1 | 90.2 |
115.4 | 127.1 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Financial instruments at fair value through profit and loss | ||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | (3.6) | 1.8 |
(3.6) | 1.8 | |
| Financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income | ||
| Cash flow hedges | ||
Foreign exchange forward contracts | (0.2) | (3.0) |
(3.8) | (1.2) | |
Current assets | 2.5 | 7.5 |
Current liabilities | (6.3) | (8.7) |
(3.8) | (1.2) |
| Nominal value of | |||||
| contracts | |||||
Buy currency | Sell currency | (m) | Maturity dates | Contract rates | |
UK | Sterling | US dollars | 22.9 | Jan 24 – Mar 24 | 1.216 – 1.271 |
Sterling | Hungarian forint | 0.7 | Jan 24 – Feb 24 | 442.563 – 443.943 | |
Sterling | Swiss francs | 1.9 | Jun 24 | 1.053 | |
Sterling | Swedish krona | 0.4 | Feb 24 | 13.004 | |
| South African | |||||
| Sterling | rand | 5.4 | Jan 24 – Aug 25 | 23.205 – 24.926 | |
Sterling | Japanese yen | 0.6 | Jun 24 | 175.155 | |
| Hong Kong | |||||
| Sterling | dollars | 0.8 | Feb 24 – Mar 24 | 9.952 – 9.960 | |
Sterling | Romanian leu | 0.7 | Jan 24 – Feb 24 | 5.736 – 5.739 | |
Euros | Sterling | 6.2 | Jan 24 – Apr 24 | 0.859 – 0.901 | |
US dollars | Sterling | 96.5 | Jan 24 – Mar 27 | 0.780 – 0.785 | |
Hungarian forint | Sterling | 2,239.0 | Jan 24 – Dec 24 | 0.002 | |
| South African | |||||
rand | Sterling | 382.8 | Jan 24 – Oct 27 | 0.033 – 0.047 | |
Japanese yen | Sterling | 1,527.4 | Mar 24 | 0.006 | |
Romanian leu | Sterling | 2.0 | Mar 24 | 0.173 – 0.174 | |
Germany | Euros | US dollars | 103.9 | Jan 24 – Jun 24 | 1.061 – 1.115 |
Euros | Hungarian forint | 0.6 | May 24 – Jun 24 | 461.994 –464.114 | |
Euros | Singapore dollars | 2.3 | Mar 24 | 1.464 | |
| South African | |||||
| Euros | rand | 0.7 | Jan 24 – Oct 25 | 19.194 | |
US dollars | Euros | 41.8 | Jan 24 – Mar 24 | 0.930 – 0.947 | |
Hungarian forint | Euros | 600.0 | Jan 24 – Apr 24 | 0.002 | |
Romanian leu | Euros | 2.5 | Jan 23 – Feb 24 | 4.988 – 4.989 |
| Nominal value of | |||||
| contracts | |||||
Buy currency | Sell currency | (m) | Maturity dates | Contract rates | |
France | Euros | Hungarian forint | 1.3 | Jan 24 – Jun 24 | 383.061 –460.777 |
Euros | Mexican peso | 0.1 | Jan 24 | 18.894 | |
Euros | Polish zloty | 1.5 | Jan 24 – Mar 24 | 4.348 – 4.366 | |
Euros | Thai baht | 0.1 | Jan 24 | 38.072 | |
| South African | |||||
| Euros | rand | 0.9 | Jan 24 – Jun 24 | 18.530 – 21.987 | |
Sterling | Euros | 0.1 | Jan 24 | 1.168 | |
US dollars | Euros | 9.3 | Jan 24 – Apr 24 | 0.902 – 0.929 | |
| South African | |||||
Belgium | Euros | rand | 2.0 | Jan 24 – Dec 26 | 19.351 – 24.669 |
US dollars | Euros | 1.8 | Jan 24 – Mar 24 | 0.909 – 0.935 | |
US | US dollars | Euros | 2.3 | Jan 24 | 0.909 |
| South African | |||||
| US dollars | rand | 5.4 | Jan 24 – May 26 | 16.398 – 22.297 | |
US dollars | Japanese yen | 9.3 | Jan 24 – Apr 24 | 0.902 – 0.929 | |
India | Indian rupees | Sterling | 3,112.0 | Jan 24 – Dec 26 | 0.009 – 0.010 |
Indian rupees | Euros | 1,732.1 | Jan 24 – Mar 24 | 0.010 – 0.011 |
| Nominal value of | |||||
| contracts | |||||
Buy currency | Sell currency | (m) | Maturity dates | Contract rates | |
UK | Sterling | Euros | £1.2 | Jan 23 – Oct 23 | 1.086 – 1.136 |
Sterling | US dollars | £26.2 | Jan 23 – Mar 23 | 1.116 – 1.229 | |
Sterling | Hungarian forint | £1.7 | Jan 23 – Feb 24 | 454.525 – 502.086 | |
Sterling | Swiss francs | £6.0 | Jan 23 – Sep 23 | 1.090 – 1.115 | |
Sterling | Swedish krona | £28.7 | Jan 23 – Oct 23 | 12.231 – 12.600 | |
Sterling | SA rand | £11.0 | Jan 23 – Aug 25 | 20.523 – 24.926 | |
Sterling | Japanese yen | £0.4 | Jun 23 | 155.236 | |
Sterling | Norwegian krone | £0.1 | Jan 23 | 11.874 | |
Sterling | Hong Kong dollars | £0.5 | Jun 23 | 9.453 | |
Sterling | Singapore dollars | £1.5 | Feb 23 | 1.621 | |
Sterling | Polish zloty | £0.4 | Jan 23 | 5.286 | |
Sterling | Canadian dollars | £6.3 | Jan 23 – Mar 23 | 1.630 – 1.639 | |
Euros | Sterling | €12.2 | Jan 23 – Apr 24 | 0.859 – 0.901 | |
US dollars | Sterling | $133.4 | Jan 23 – Oct 26 | 0.705 – 0.960 | |
Hungarian forint | Sterling | HUF 2,207.3 | Jan 23 – Jun 24 | 0.002 | |
SA rand | Sterling | ZAR 319.3 | Jan 23 – Dec 26 | 0.039 – 0.049 |
| Nominal value of | |||||
| contracts | |||||
Buy currency | Sell currency | (m) | Maturity dates | Contract rates | |
Germany | Euros | US dollars | €83.7 | Jan 23 – May 26 | 0.985 – 1.106 |
Euros | Hungarian forint | €5.4 | Jan 23 – Jun 24 | 377.720 – 464.114 | |
Euros | Polish zloty | €0.6 | Feb 23 – Mar 23 | 4.780 – 4.812 | |
Euros | SA rand | €1.1 | Jan 23 – Oct 25 | 19.194 | |
Sterling | Euros | £1.3 | Jan 23 | 1.152 – 1.162 | |
US dollars | Euros | $86.9 | Jan 23 – Jul 23 | 0.922 – 1.027 | |
Hungarian forint | Euros | HUF 600.0 | Jan 24 – Apr 24 | 0.002 | |
Swiss francs | Euros | CHF 0.2 | Jan 23 | 0.984 | |
Polish zloty | Euros | PLN 2.1 | Jan 23 – Mar 23 | 0.204 – 0.212 | |
Romanian leu | Euros | RON 1.0 | Jan 23 | 0.202 | |
France | Euros | Hungarian forint | €3.1 | Jan 23 – Jun 24 | 373.040 – 460.777 |
Euros | SA rand | €1.8 | Jan 23 – Jun 24 | 17.467 – 20.747 | |
US dollars | Euros | $8.1 | Jan 23 – Mar 23 | 0.935 – 1.020 | |
Belgium | Euros | SA rand | €2.0 | Jan 23 – Sep 25 | 18.481 – 21.021 |
US dollars | Euros | $0.3 | Feb 23 | 0.961 | |
US | US dollars | SA rand | $5.8 | Jan 23 – May 26 | 15.825 – 19.321 |
US dollars | Japanese yen | $66.2 | Jan 23 – Mar 23 | 124.570 – 138.064 | |
India | Indian rupees | Sterling | INR 2,364.3 | Jan 23 – Nov 25 | 0.01 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Trade and other receivables (current) | 5.8 | 3.3 |
Trade and other receivables (non-current) | 21.1 | 9.9 |
26.9 | 13.2 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Less than one year | 7.7 | 3.6 |
One to two years | 7.7 | 3.6 |
Two to three years | 7.6 | 3.6 |
Three to four years | 5.3 | 2.0 |
Four to five years | 1.5 | 0.7 |
More than five years | 1.0 | 0.6 |
Total undiscounted lease receivable | 30.8 | 14.1 |
Less: unearned finance income | (3.9) | (0.9) |
Net investment in finance leases | 26.9 | 13.2 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Within one year | 0.1 | 3.6 |
After one year | 0.2 | 6.4 |
| Customer | ||||
| contract | Property | Other | Total | |
| provisions | provisions | provisions | provisions | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | |
At 1 January 2022 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 13.2 |
Amount unused reversed | (1.8) | (0.3) | (0.9) | (3.0) |
Arising during the year | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.5 |
Utilisation | (1.5) | (0.5) | (0.3) | (2.3) |
Exchange adjustment | 0.3 | 0.1 | – | 0.4 |
At 31 December 2022 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 10.8 |
Reclassification | – | – | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Amount unused reversed | (1.3) | – | (0.7) | (2.0) |
Arising during the year | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.9 |
Utilisation | (1.5) | (0.3) | (1.0) | (2.8) |
Exchange adjustment | (0.1) | (0.1) | – | (0.2) |
At 31 December 2023 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 1.7 | 9.1 |
Current 2023 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 2.2 |
Non-current 2023 | 0.3 | 5.0 | 1.6 | 6.9 |
1.5 | 5.9 | 1.7 | 9.1 | |
Current 2022 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 3.8 |
Non-current 2022 | 1.7 | 4.7 | 0.6 | 7.0 |
4.2 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 10.8 |
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Note | £m | £m | |
| Financial assets at amortised cost: | |||
Trade receivables | 20 | 1,471.8 | 1,659.7 |
Other receivables * | 14.7 | 8.6 | |
Net investment in finance leases | 25 | 26.9 | 13.2 |
Cash and short-term deposits | 21 | 471.2 | 264.4 |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI): | |||
Derivative financial instruments – cash flow hedges | 2.3 | 4.3 | |
| Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL): | |||
Derivative financial instruments – held for trading | 0.2 | 3.2 | |
1,987.1 | 1,953.4 |
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
| Note | £m | £m | |
| Financial liabilities at amortised cost: | |||
Trade and other payables * | 22 | 1,517.2 | 1,694.7 |
Financial liabilities | 23a | 12.2 | 20.1 |
Lease liabilities | 23b | 115.4 | 127.1 |
Financial liabilities at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI): | |||
Derivative financial instruments – cash flow hedges | 2.5 | 7.3 | |
| Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL): | |||
Derivative financial instruments – held for trading | 3.8 | 1.4 | |
Contingent consideration | 22 | 20.2 | 38.9 |
1,671.3 | 1,889.5 |
| Effect on profit | ||
| Change in | before tax | |
| basis points | £m | |
| 2023 | ||
Sterling | +100 | 0.6 |
Euro | +100 | 0.5 |
US dollars | +100 | 1.2 |
| 2022 | ||
Sterling | +100 | 0.7 |
Euro | +100 | 0.1 |
US dollars | +100 | 1.0 |
| 31 December 2023 | 31 December 2022 | |||
| (m) | (m) | |||
$ | € | $ | € | |
Trade and other receivables | 523.3 | 865.7 | 737.8 | 792.1 |
Trade and other payables | (535.0) | (846.4) | (759.6) | (838.4) |
Forecast future cash flow (net) | (110.9) | (129.3) | (175.3) | (47.1) |
(122.6) | (110.0) | (197.1) | (93.4) | |
Forward exchange contracts | 122.6 | 110.0 | 197.1 | 93.4 |
Net exposure | – | – | – | – |
| On demand | <3 months | 3–12 months | 1–2 years | 2–5 years | >5 years | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Year ended 31 December 2023 | |||||||
Bank loans | – | 1.2 | 3.6 | 6.1 | 1.4 | – | 12.3 |
Lease liabilities | – | 10.3 | 30.9 | 28.7 | 44.6 | 11.9 | 126.4 |
Derivative financial instruments | – | 3.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | – | 6.3 |
Contingent consideration | – | 10.2 | 10.8 | – | – | – | 21.0 |
Trade and other payables | – | 1,674.5 | – | – | – | – | 1,674.5 |
– | 1,700 | 46.3 | 35.8 | 46.5 | 11.9 | 1,840.5 |
| On demand | <3 months | 3–12 months | 1–2 years | 2–5 years | >5 years | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Year ended 31 December 2022 | |||||||
Bank loans | 2.1 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 8.0 | – | 20.8 |
Lease liabilities | – | 10.2 | 30.6 | 31.4 | 48.3 | 19.2 | 139.7 |
Derivative financial instruments | – | 5.3 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 | – | 8.7 |
Contingent consideration | – | – | 17.9 | 25.3 | – | – | 43.2 |
Trade and other payables | – | 1,857.5 | – | – | – | – | 1,857.5 |
2.1 | 1,874.7 | 55.1 | 62.1 | 56.7 | 19.2 | 2,069.9 |
| £m | |
At 1 January 2022 | – |
Acquisition of BITS | 36.6 |
Exceptional interest cost – unwind of discount (note 8) | 2.0 |
Foreign currency adjustment | 0.3 |
At 31 December 2022 | 38.9 |
Paid during the year | (17.4) |
Gain related to acquisition of a subsidiary (note 8) | (2.8) |
Exceptional interest cost – unwind of discount (note 8) | 3.2 |
Foreign currency adjustment | (1.7) |
At 31 December 2023 | 20.2 |
| 7⁵⁄₉p | 0.01p | ||
| ordinary | deferred | ||
| shares | shares | Total | |
| Issued and fully paid | No. ’000 | No. ‘000 | £m |
At 1 January 2022 and 1 January 2023 | 122,688 | – | 9.3 |
| Deferred shares issued during the year for the capitalisation | |||
of reserves | – | 10,895,383.8 | 109.0 |
Deferred shares capital reduction | – | (10,895,383.8) | (109.0) |
At 31 December 2023 | 122,688 | – | 9.3 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Applied Computer Solutions (ACS) * | – | 2.5 |
ProSys Information Systems, Inc (ProSys) | 7.7 | 3.7 |
R.D. Trading Limited (RDC) | – | 0.1 |
7.7 | 6.3 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |||
| Share price at | Number | Number | ||
Date of grant | Maturity date | date of grant | outstanding | outstanding |
20/03/2014 | 20/03/2017 | 682.5p | 6,557 | 6,557 |
26/03/2015 | 26/03/2018 | 720.0p | 11,729 | 19,225 |
22/03/2016 | 22/03/2019 | 845.0p | 19,396 | 33,093 |
22/03/2017 | 22/03/2020 | 736.5p | 18,939 | 110,576 |
21/03/2018 | 21/03/2021 | 1182.67p | 25,378 | 39,205 |
21/03/2018 | 21/03/2021 | 1182.67p | – | 97,364 |
21/03/2019 | 21/03/2022 | 1192.00p | 219,372 | 242,498 |
23/03/2020 | 21/03/2023 | 993.00p | 152,999 | 418,605 |
23/03/2020 | 21/03/2023 | 993.00p | 173,892 | 173,892 |
11/05/2020 | 21/03/2023 | 1472.00p | – | 2,853 |
02/11/2020 | 21/03/2023 | 2265.00p | – | 14,504 |
22/03/2021 | 21/03/2024 | 2175.00p | 307,924 | 340,822 |
21/03/2021 | 21/03/2023 | 2175.00p | – | 11,685 |
10/06/2021 | 21/03/2024 | 2671.00p | 7,384 | 7,384 |
21/03/2022 | 21/03/2025 | 2911.00p | 234,456 | 271,109 |
21/03/2022 | 21/03/2023 | 2911.00p | – | 10,879 |
21/03/2022 | 21/03/2024 | 2911.00p | 10,880 | 10,880 |
06/04/2023 | 23/03/2026 | 2151.00p | 364,221 | – |
06/04/2023 | 30/03/2024 | 2151.00p | 4,587 | – |
06/04/2023 | 30/03/2025 | 2151.00p | 4,588 | – |
05/06/2023 | 01/07/2025 | 2379.00p | 5,695 | – |
05/06/2023 | 05/06/2025 | 2379.00p | 13,527 | – |
05/06/2023 | 23/06/2026 | 2318.00p | 33,973 | – |
14/09/2023 | 23/03/2026 | 2449.00p | 9,830 | – |
02/10/2023 | 23/03/2026 | 2530.00p | 5,040 | – |
1,630,367 | 1,811,131 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| No. | No. | |
| PSP Scheme | ||
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | 1,811,131 | 1,995,454 |
Granted during the year | 449,268 | 297,424 |
Forfeited during the year | (82,388) | (28,762) |
Exercised during the year * | (547,644) | (452,985) |
Outstanding at the end of the year | 1,630,367 | 1,811,131 |
Exercisable at the end of the year | 628,262 | 548,518 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |||
| Share | Number | Number | ||
Date of grant | Exercisable between | price | outstanding | outstanding |
October 2017 | 01/12/2022 – 31/05/2023 | 789.00p | – | 231,920 |
October 2018 | 01/12/2023 – 31/05/2024 | 1,054.00p | 134,500 | 452,689 |
October 2019 | 01/12/2022 – 31/05/2023 | 1,138.00p | 63 | 114,795 |
October 2019 | 01/12/2024 – 31/05/2025 | 1,011.00p | 534,105 | 553,222 |
October 2020 | 01/12/2023 – 31/05/2024 | 2,092.00p | 51,323 | 183,556 |
October 2020 | 01/12/2025 – 31/05/2026 | 1,860.00p | 442,049 | 472,070 |
October 2020 | 01/12/2020 – 26/01/2023 | 2,217.00p | – | 10,623 |
October 2021 | 01/12/2024 – 31/05/2025 | 2,571.00p | 131,064 | 150,632 |
October 2021 | 01/12/2026 – 31/05/2027 | 2,286.00p | 373,568 | 410,593 |
October 2021 | 01/12/2021 – 25/01/2024 | 2,468.00p | 20,690 | 31,138 |
December 2022 | 01/12/2022 – 01/06/2026 | 1,77200p | 248,384 | 271,287 |
December 2022 | 01/12/2022 – 01/06/2028 | 1,575.00p | 656,243 | 684,333 |
December 2022 | 01/12/2022 – 07/05/2025 | 1,665.00p | 44,600 | 48,194 |
December 2023 | 01/12/2023 – 01/06/2027 | 2,148.00p | 233,032 | – |
December 2023 | 01/12/2023 – 07/05/2029 | 2,021.00p | 400,858 | – |
December 2023 | 01/12/2023 – 07/05/2025 | 2,218.00p | 33,980 | – |
3,304,459 | 3,615,052 |
| 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022 | |
| No. | WAEP | No. | WAEP | |
| Sharesave Scheme | ||||
Outstanding at the beginning of the year | 3,615,052 | £15.70 | 3,496,799 | £14.30 |
Granted during the year | 669,433 | £20.75 | 1,007,817 | £16.33 |
Forfeited during the year | (186,598) | £19.24 | (183,219) | £19.03 |
Exercised during the year * | (793,428) | £11.60 | (706,345) | £8.82 |
Outstanding at the end of the year | 3,304,459 | £17.51 | 3,615,052 | £15.70 |
Exercisable at the end of the year | 200,980 | £14.66 | 357,535 | £9.51 |
| PSP | PSP | PSP | PSP | PSP | PSP | PSP | PSP | |
| Nature of the arrangement | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme |
Date of grant | 06/04/2023 | 06/04/2023 | 06/04/2023 | 05/06/2023 | 05/06/2023 | 14/09/2023 | 02/10/2023 | 14/09/2023 |
Number of instruments granted | 193,453 | 169,047 | 9,528 | 33,973 | 13,527 | 7,146 | 5,040 | 2,684 |
Exercise price | nil | nil | nil | nil | nil | nil | nil | nil |
Share price at date of grant | £21.51 | £21.51 | £21.51 | £23.18 | £23.79 | £24.49 | £25.30 | £24.49 |
Contractual life (years) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| See page 152 | See page 152 | See page 152 | See page 152 | See page 152 | ||||
| of the Annual | of the Annual | of the Annual | of the Annual | of the Annual | ||||
| See note 1 | Report on | Three-year | Report on | Report on | Report on | Report on | See note 1 | |
| Vesting conditions | below | Remuneration | service period | Remuneration | Remuneration | Remuneration | Remuneration | below |
Expected volatility | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Expected option life at grant date (years) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Risk-free interest rate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Dividend yield | 3.7% | 3.7% | 3.7% | 3.5% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 3.3% |
Fair value per granted instrument determined at grant date | £19.27 | £19.27 | £19.27 | £20.92 | £22.26 | £22.23 | £23.03 | £22.23 |
| DBP | DBP | DBP | SAYE | SAYE | SAYE | |
| Nature of the arrangement | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme |
Date of grant | 06/04/2023 | 06/04/2023 | 05/06/2023 | 01/12/2023 | 01/12/2023 | 01/12/2023 |
Number of instruments granted | 4,587 | 4,588 | 5,695 | 34,474 | 233,476 | 401,483 |
Exercise price | nil | nil | nil | £22.18 | £21.48 | £20.21 |
Share price at date of grant | £21.51 | £21.51 | £23.79 | £25.94 | £25.94 | £25.94 |
Contractual life (years) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| See page 151 of | See page 151 | See page 151 | Two-year | Three-year | Five-year | |
| the Annual | of the Annual | of the Annual | service period | service period | service period | |
| Report on | Report on | Report on | and savings | and savings | and savings | |
| Vesting conditions | Remuneration | Remuneration | Remuneration | requirement | requirement | requirement |
Expected volatility | n/a | n/a | n/a | 30.70% | 29.00% | 36.60% |
Expected option life at grant date (years) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
Risk-free interest rate | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.72% | 0.72% | 0.72% |
Dividend yield | 3.7% | 3.7% | 3.4% | 3.11% | 3.11% | 3.11% |
Fair value per granted instrument determined at grant date | £20.73 | £19.99 | £22.26 | £6.07 | £6.89 | £9.85 |
| PSP | PSP | PSP | PSP | PSP | DBP | DBP | SAYE | SAYE | SAYE | |
| Nature of the arrangement | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme | scheme |
Date of grant | 21/03/22 | 21/03/22 | 21/03/22 | 21/03/22 | 21/03/22 | 21/03/22 | 21/03/22 | 01/12/22 | 01/12/22 | 01/12/22 |
Number of instruments granted | 101,562 | 143,189 | 7,245 | 1,992 | 21,677 | 10,879 | 10,880 | 49,100 | 272,829 | 685,888 |
Exercise price | nil | nil | nil | nil | nil | nil | nil | £16.65 | £17.72 | £15.75 |
Share price at date of grant | £29.11 | £29.11 | £29.11 | £29.11 | £29.11 | £29.11 | £29.11 | £18.99 | £18.99 | £18.99 |
Contractual life (years) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| See page 127 | See page 127 | See page 127 | Two-year | Three-year | Five-year | |||||
| of the Annual | of the Annual | of the Annual | service period | service period | service period | |||||
| See note 1 | Report on | Three-year | Three-year | See note 1 | Report on | Report on | and savings | and savings | and savings | |
| Vesting conditions | below | Remuneration | service period | service period | below | Remuneration | Remuneration | requirement | requirement | requirement |
Expected volatility | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 28.80% | 38.10% | 37.30% |
Expected option life at grant date (years) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
Risk-free interest rate | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% |
Dividend yield | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 4.25% | 4.25% | 4.25% |
Fair value per granted instrument determined at grant date | £27.32 | £27.32 | £27.32 | £27.32 | £27.32 | £28.50 | £27.90 | £4.01 | £5.16 | £7.01 |
| At 1 January | Cash flows | Non-cash | Exchange | At 31 December | |
| 2023 | in year | flow | differences | 2023 | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
Cash and short-term deposits | 264.4 | 207.6 | – | (0.8) | 471.2 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 264.4 | 207.6 | – | (0.8) | 471.2 |
Bank loans | (20.1) | 6.9 | – | 1.0 | (12.2) |
Adjusted net funds (excluding lease liabilities) | 244.3 | 214.5 | – | 0.2 | 459.0 |
Lease liabilities | (127.1) | 46.1 | (30.7) | (3.7) | (115.4) |
Net funds | 117.2 | 260.6 | (30.7) | (3.5) | 343.6 |
| Customer- | Liabilities from | |||||
| specific | Lease | financing | ||||
Bank loans | Credit facilities | financing | Others | liabilities | activities | |
Balance at 1 January 2023 | (20.1) | – | – | – | (127.1) | (147.2) |
| Changes from financing cash flows: | ||||||
Interest paid | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.6 | – | 2.6 |
Interest paid on lease liabilities | – | – | – | – | 4.7 | 4.7 |
Repayment of loans | 6.9 | – | – | – | – | 6.9 |
Repayment of credit facilities | – | 62.9 | – | – | – | 62.9 |
Payment of capital element of lease liabilities | – | – | – | – | 41.4 | 41.4 |
Drawdown of borrowings | – | (62.9) | – | – | – | (62.9) |
Total changes from financing cash flows | 7.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 46.1 | 55.6 |
The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates | 1.0 | – | – | – | 3.7 | 4.7 |
| Other changes: | ||||||
New leases | – | – | – | – | (33.8) | (33.8) |
Early termination of leases | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Interest expense | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (1.6) | (4.7) | (7.3) |
Total other changes | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.3) | (1.6) | (38.1) | (40.7) |
Balance at 31 December 2023 | (12.2) | – | – | – | (115.4) | (127.6) |
| At 31 December | ||||||
| At 1 January | Cash flows | Non-cash | Exchange | 2022 | ||
| 2022 | in year | flow | differences | (restated * ) | ||
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | ||
Cash and short-term deposits * | 285.2 | (13.6) | – | (7.2) | 264.4 | |
Bank overdrafts * | (12.0) | 12.0 | – | – | – | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 273.2 | (1.6) | – | (7.2) | 264.4 | |
Bank loans and credit facility | (31.8) | 12.9 | – | (1.2) | (20.1) | |
| Adjusted net funds | (excluding lease liabilities) | 241.4 | 11.3 | – | (8.4) | 244.3 |
Lease liabilities | (146.1) | 55.2 | (28.7) | (7.5) | (127.1) | |
Net funds | 95.3 | 66.5 | (28.7) | (15.9) | 117.2 |
| Liabilities from | ||||||
| financing | ||||||
| Bank overdraft | Lease | activities | ||||
Bank loans | Credit facility | (restated * ) | Others | liabilities | (restated * ) | |
Balance at 1 January 2022 | (24.8) | (7.0) | (12.0) | – | (146.1) | (189.9) |
| Changes from financing cash flows: | ||||||
Interest paid | 0.8 | 1.4 | – | 0.7 | – | 2.9 |
Interest paid on lease liabilities | – | – | – | – | 4.9 | 4.9 |
Repayment of loans | 9.6 | – | – | – | – | 9.6 |
Repayment of credit facility | – | 11.0 | – | – | – | 11.0 |
Payment of capital element of lease liabilities | – | – | – | – | 50.3 | 50.3 |
Bank overdraft reduction | – | – | 12.0 | – | – | 12.0 |
New loans relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | (3.7) | – | – | – | – | (3.7) |
Drawdown of borrowings | – | (4.0) | – | – | – | (4.0) |
Total changes from financing cash flows | 6.7 | 8.4 | 12.0 | 0.7 | 55.2 | 83.0 |
The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates | (1.2) | – | – | – | (7.5) | (8.7) |
| Other changes: | ||||||
New leases | – | – | – | – | (45.0) | (45.0) |
New leases relating to acquisition of a subsidiary | – | – | – | – | (0.8) | (0.8) |
Early termination of leases | – | – | – | – | 22.0 | 22.0 |
Interest expense | (0.8) | (1.4) | – | (0.7) | (4.9) | (7.8) |
Total other changes | (0.8) | (1.4) | – | (0.7) | (28.7) | (31.6) |
Balance at 31 December 2022 | (20.1) | – | – | – | (127.1) | (147.2) |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Total defined benefit liability | 26.2 | 23.0 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Balance at 1 January | 23.0 | 21.8 |
| Included in Consolidated Income Statement | ||
Current service cost | 1.4 | 2.0 |
Interest cost | 0.8 | 0.2 |
2.2 | 2.2 | |
| Included in Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income | ||
| Remeasurements loss | ||
Actuarial (gain)/loss arising from: | 2.8 | (1.7) |
– Changes in demographic assumptions | (0.2) | 6.7 |
– Change in financial assumptions | 1.3 | (8.7) |
– Experience adjustment | 1.7 | 0.3 |
Effect of movements in exchange rates | (0.9) | 1.2 |
1.9 | (0.5) | |
Other Benefits paid | (0.9) | (0.5) |
(0.9) | (0.5) | |
Balance at 31 December | 26.2 | 23.0 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| % | % | |
Discount rate | 3.2 | 3.8 |
Future salary growth | 3.9 | 4.0 |
| Turnover rates: | ||
– Non-managers | 5.7 | 5.7 |
– Supervisors | 2.7 | 2.7 |
– Executives | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |||
| £m | £m | |||
Increase (1%) | Decrease (1%) | Increase (1%) | Decrease (1%) | |
Discount rate | 2.8 | (3.3) | 2.3 | (2.8) |
Future salary growth | (3.3) | 2.9 | (2.7) | 2.4 |
Turnover rates | 2.9 | (2.0) | 2.5 | (2.9) |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Biomni Limited | ||
Sales to related parties | – | – |
Purchase from related parties | 0.9 | 0.6 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
| £m | £m | |
Short-term employee benefits | 3.7 | 2.1 |
Social security costs | 0.9 | 0.5 |
Share-based payment transactions | 1.9 | 3.7 |
Pension costs | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Total compensation paid to key management personnel | 6.6 | 6.4 |