4. Staff costs and Directors’ emoluments


	2018 $m		2017 $m		2016 $m
Staff^a
Costs
Wages and salaries		1,956		1,868		1,738
Social security costs		127		106		106
Pension and other post-retirement benefits:
Defined benefit plans (note 25)		19		5		5
Defined contribution plans		63		61		58

		2,165		2,040		1,907

Analysed as:
Costs borne by IHG^a		708		645		594
Costs borne by the System Fund^b		347		339		311
Costs reimbursed		1,110		1,056		1,002

		2,165		2,040		1,907


	2018		2017		2016
Average number of employees, including part-time employees
Employees whose costs are borne by IHG:
Americas		2,225		2,149		2,121
EMEAA		3,255		2,267		2,380
Greater China		324		294		299
Central		1,794		1,948		1,787

		7,598		6,658		6,587

Employees whose costs are borne by the System Fund		5,214		5,555		5,434
Employees whose costs are reimbursed		22,518		22,577		22,002

		35,330		34,790		34,023

^a	Includes $36m (2017: $13m, 2016: $1m) classified as exceptional relating to the comprehensive efficiency programme.

^b	Includes $21m (2017: $9m, 2016: $nil) relating to the comprehensive efficiency programme.

2018
$m

2017
$m

2016
$m

Directors’ emoluments

Base salaries, fees, performance payments and benefits

7.1

4.9

6.1


LOGO		More detailed information on the emoluments, pensions, share awards and shareholdings for each Director is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 72 to 85.