<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<link:linkbase xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:ns3="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:ns5="http://xbrl.org/2008/label" xmlns:ns6="http://xbrl.org/2008/generic" xmlns:ns7="http://xbrl.org/2008/assertion/value" xmlns:ns8="http://xbrl.org/2008/filter/dimension" xmlns:ns9="http://xbrl.org/2008/variable" xmlns:ns10="http://xbrl.org/2008/filter/concept" xmlns:ns11="http://xbrl.org/2008/filter/general" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:ref="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"/>
