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Segmental analysis - Contributions by Geographical Area (Detail) - GBP (£) £ in Millions | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2017 | [2] | Dec. 31, 2017 | [2]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | £ 7,492.7 | £ 7,650.4 | [1] | £ 15,804.2 | [1]
Headline PBIT | [3] | 820.7 | 882.0 |  | 2,267.1 |
North America [member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | [4] | 2,598.1 | 2,818.5 |  | 5,659.2 |
Revenue less pass-through costs | [4],[5] | 2,155.2 | 2,407.2 |  | 4,793.9 |
Headline PBIT | [3],[4] | £ 348.1 | £ 400.9 |  | £ 937.4 |
Headline PBIT margin | [4],[6] | 16.20% | 16.70% |  | 19.60% |
United Kingdom [member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | £ 1,091.5 | £ 1,047.5 |  | £ 2,133.4 |
Revenue less pass-through costs | [5] | 832.9 | 814.7 |  | 1,688.0 |
Headline PBIT | [3] | £ 109.7 | £ 112.4 |  | £ 280.0 |
Headline PBIT margin | [6] | 13.20% | 13.80% |  | 16.60% |
Western Continental Europe [member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | £ 1,609.9 | £ 1,525.5 |  | £ 3,230.6 |
Revenue less pass-through costs | [5] | 1,319.2 | 1,236.5 |  | 2,630.6 |
Headline PBIT | [3] | £ 136.3 | £ 153.1 |  | £ 376.0 |
Headline PBIT margin | [6] | 10.30% | 12.40% |  | 14.30% |
Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe [member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | £ 2,193.2 | £ 2,258.9 |  | £ 4,781.0 |
Revenue less pass-through costs | [5] | 1,841.6 | 1,917.7 |  | 4,057.1 |
Headline PBIT | [3] | £ 226.6 | £ 215.6 |  | £ 673.7 |
Headline PBIT margin | [6] | 12.30% | 11.20% |  | 16.60% |
[1] | Prior year figures have been restated for the impact of the adoption of IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers and the change in income statement presentation, as described in note 2.
[2] | Prior year figures have been restated for the impact of the adoption of IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as described in note 2.
[3] | A reconciliation from profit before interest and taxation (PBIT) to headline PBIT is provided in note 21.
[4] | North America includes the US with revenue of £2,454.1 million (period ended 30 June 2017: £2,660.8 million; year ended 31 December 2017: £5,336.3 million), revenue less pass-through costs of £2,038.6 million (period ended 30 June 2017: £2,279.3 million; year ended 31 December 2017: £4,535.3 million) and headline PBIT of £328.9 million (period ended 30 June 2017: £382.2 million; year ended 31 December 2017: £937.4 million).
[5] | Revenue less pass-through costs is revenue less media, data collection and other pass-through costs. Pass-through costs comprise fees paid to external suppliers where they are engaged to perform part or all of a specific project and are charged directly to clients, predominantly media and data collection costs. See note 5 for more details of the pass-through costs.
[6] | Headline PBIT margin is calculated as headline PBIT (defined above) as a percentage of revenue less pass-through costs. Previously referred to as revenue less pass-through costs margin.

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