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Segmental analysis | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2018
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Segmental analysis |
8. | Segmental analysis
Reported contributions by operating sector were as follows:
|  | Six months ended 30 June 2018 |  |  | Six months ended 30 June 20171 |  |  | Year ended 31 December 20171 |
|  | £m |  |  | £m |  |  | £m |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising and Media Investment Management |  |  | 3,441.1 |  |  |  | 3,570.1 |  |  |  | 7,368.7 |
Data Investment Management |  |  | 1,236.0 |  |  |  | 1,313.5 |  |  |  | 2,703.4 |
Public Relations & Public Affairs |  |  | 581.1 |  |  |  | 597.4 |  |  |  | 1,204.0 |
Brand Consulting, Health & Wellness and Specialist Communications |  |  | 2,234.5 |  |  |  | 2,169.4 |  |  |  | 4,528.1 |
|  |  | 7,492.7 |  |  |  | 7,650.4 |  |  |  | 15,804.2 |
Revenue less pass-through costs2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising and Media Investment Management |  |  | 2,639.0 |  |  |  | 2,848.2 |  |  |  | 5,889.3 |
Data Investment Management |  |  | 946.0 |  |  |  | 996.7 |  |  |  | 2,052.1 |
Public Relations & Public Affairs |  |  | 550.6 |  |  |  | 567.9 |  |  |  | 1,140.6 |
Brand Consulting, Health & Wellness and Specialist Communications |  |  | 2,013.3 |  |  |  | 1,963.3 |  |  |  | 4,087.6 |
Headline PBIT3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising and Media Investment Management |  |  | 380.3 |  |  |  | 431.8 |  |  |  | 1,109.0 |
Data Investment Management |  |  | 112.3 |  |  |  | 129.2 |  |  |  | 350.3 |
Public Relations & Public Affairs |  |  | 85.2 |  |  |  | 79.7 |  |  |  | 183.2 |
Brand Consulting, Health & Wellness and Specialist Communications |  |  | 242.9 |  |  |  | 241.3 |  |  |  | 624.6 |
|  |  | 820.7 |  |  |  | 882.0 |  |  |  | 2,267.1 |
Headline PBIT margin4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising and Media Investment Management |  |  | 14.4 | % |  |  | 15.2 | % |  |  | 18.8 | %
Data Investment Management |  |  | 11.9 | % |  |  | 13.0 | % |  |  | 17.1 | %
Public Relations & Public Affairs |  |  | 15.5 | % |  |  | 14.0 | % |  |  | 16.1 | %
Brand Consulting, Health & Wellness and Specialist Communications |  |  | 12.1 | % |  |  | 12.3 | % |  |  | 15.3 | %
Notes
1 | Prior year figures have been restated for the impact of the adoption of IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as described in note 2.
2 | Revenue less pass-through costs is revenue less media, data collection and other pass-through costs. Pass-through costs comprise fees paid to external suppliers where they are engaged to perform part or all of a specific project and are charged directly to clients, predominantly media and data collection costs. See note 5 for more details of the pass-through costs.
3 | A reconciliation from profit before interest and taxation (PBIT) to headline PBIT is provided in note 21.
4 | Headline PBIT margin is calculated as headline PBIT (defined above) as a percentage of revenue less pass-through costs. Previously referred to as revenue less pass-through costs margin.
Reported contributions by geographical area were as follows:
|  | Six months ended 30 June 2018 |  |  | Six months ended 30 June 20171 |  |  | Year ended 31 December 20171 |
|  | £m |  |  | £m |  |  | £m |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America2 |  |  | 2,598.1 |  |  |  | 2,818.5 |  |  |  | 5,659.2 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 1,091.5 |  |  |  | 1,047.5 |  |  |  | 2,133.4 |
Western Continental Europe |  |  | 1,609.9 |  |  |  | 1,525.5 |  |  |  | 3,230.6 |
Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe |  |  | 2,193.2 |  |  |  | 2,258.9 |  |  |  | 4,781.0 |
|  |  | 7,492.7 |  |  |  | 7,650.4 |  |  |  | 15,804.2 |
Revenue less pass-through costs3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America2 |  |  | 2,155.2 |  |  |  | 2,407.2 |  |  |  | 4,793.9 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 832.9 |  |  |  | 814.7 |  |  |  | 1,688.0 |
Western Continental Europe |  |  | 1,319.2 |  |  |  | 1,236.5 |  |  |  | 2,630.6 |
Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe |  |  | 1,841.6 |  |  |  | 1,917.7 |  |  |  | 4,057.1 |
Headline PBIT4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America2 |  |  | 348.1 |  |  |  | 400.9 |  |  |  | 937.4 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 109.7 |  |  |  | 112.4 |  |  |  | 280.0 |
Western Continental Europe |  |  | 136.3 |  |  |  | 153.1 |  |  |  | 376.0 |
Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe |  |  | 226.6 |  |  |  | 215.6 |  |  |  | 673.7 |
|  |  | 820.7 |  |  |  | 882.0 |  |  |  | 2,267.1 |
Headline PBIT margin5 |  |  | % |  |  |  | % |  |  |  | % |
North America |  |  | 16.2 |  |  |  | 16.7 |  |  |  | 19.6 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | 13.8 |  |  |  | 16.6 |
Western Continental Europe |  |  | 10.3 |  |  |  | 12.4 |  |  |  | 14.3 |
Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe |  |  | 12.3 |  |  |  | 11.2 |  |  |  | 16.6 |
Notes
1 | Prior year figures have been restated for the impact of the adoption of IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as described in note 2.
2 | North America includes the US with revenue of £2,454.1 million (period ended 30 June 2017: £2,660.8 million; year ended 31 December 2017: £5,336.3 million), revenue less pass-through costs of £2,038.6 million (period ended 30 June 2017: £2,279.3 million; year ended 31 December 2017: £4,535.3 million) and headline PBIT of £328.9 million (period ended 30 June 2017: £382.2 million; year ended 31 December 2017: £937.4 million).
3 | Revenue less pass-through costs is revenue less media, data collection and other pass-through costs. Pass-through costs comprise fees paid to external suppliers where they are engaged to perform part or all of a specific project and are charged directly to clients, predominantly media and data collection costs. See note 5 for more details of the pass-through costs.
4 | A reconciliation from profit before interest and taxation (PBIT) to headline PBIT is provided in note 21.
5 | Headline PBIT margin is calculated as headline PBIT (defined above) as a percentage of revenue less pass-through costs. Previously referred to as revenue less pass-through costs margin.

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