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Leases
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases Disclosure [Abstract]  
Leases
10. Leases
The movements in 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
Right-of-use assetsLand and
buildings
£m		Plant and
machinery
£m		Total
£m
1 January 20231,482 46 1,528 
Additions255 50 305 
Transfers to net investment in subleases(5)— (5)
Disposals(9)(1)(10)
Depreciation of right-of-use assets(236)(21)(257)
Impairment charges included within restructuring costs(129)— (129)
Exchange adjustments(49)(1)(50)
31 December 20231,309 73 1,382 
Additions334 24 358 
Disposals(82)(21)(103)
Depreciation of right-of-use assets(197)(16)(213)
Impairment charges included within restructuring costs(1)— (1)
Exchange adjustments(35)(3)(38)
31 December 20241,328 57 1,385 
Lease liabilitiesLand and
buildings
£m		Plant and
machinery
£m		Total
£m
1 January 20232,162 48 2,210 
Additions238 50 288 
Interest expense related to lease liabilities103 3 106 
Disposals(11)(2)(13)
Repayment of lease liabilities (including interest)(340)(22)(362)
Exchange adjustments(74)(1)(75)
31 December 20232,078 76 2,154 
Additions291 16 307 
Interest expense related to lease liabilities95 3 98 
Disposals(105)(21)(126)
Repayment of lease liabilities (including interest)(359)(18)(377)
Exchange adjustments(33)(3)(36)
31 December 20241,967 53 2,020 
The following table shows the breakdown of the lease expense between amounts charged to operating profit and amounts charged to finance costs:
202420232022
£m£m£m
Depreciation of right-of-use assets:
Land and buildings(197)(236)(245)
Plant and machinery(16)(21)(17)
Impairment charges(1)(129)(34)
Short-term lease expense(21)(22)(20)
Low-value lease expense(2)(3)(2)
Variable lease expense(48)(45)(57)
Sublease income20 17 19 
Charge to operating profit(265)(439)(356)
Interest expense related to lease liabilities(98)(106)(96)
Charge to profit before taxation for leases(363)(545)(452)
Variable lease payments primarily include real estate taxes and insurance costs.
The maturity of lease liabilities at 31 December 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
20242023
£m£m
Within one year353 406 
Between one and two years307 327 
Between two and three years281 282 
Between three and four years256 261 
Between four and five years235 231 
Over five years1,260 1,265 
2,692 2,772 
Effect of discounting(672)(618)
Lease liability at end of year2,020 2,154 
Short-term lease liability240 292 
Long-term lease liability1,780 1,862 
The total committed undiscounted future cash flows for leases not yet commenced at 31 December 2024 is £114 million (2023: £280 million).
The Group does not face a significant liquidity risk with regard to its lease liabilities. Refer to note 23 for management of liquidity risk.