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Nature of Business | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Nature of Business | Note 1 – Nature of Business ADTRAN, Inc. (“ADTRAN” or the “Company”) is a leading global provider of networking and communications platforms, software and services focused on the broadband access market. Our vision is to enable a fully connected world where the power to communicate is available to everyone, everywhere. Our business approach, unmatched industry expertise and innovative solutions enable us to address almost any customer need. Our products and services are utilized by a diverse global customer base of network operators that range from those having regional or national reach and operating as telephone or cable television network operators to alternative network providers such as municipalities or utilities, as well as, managed service providers who serve small- and medium-sized businesses and distributed enterprises. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in equity and cash flows of ADTRAN and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include excess and obsolete inventory reserves, warranty reserves, customer rebates, determination and accrual of the deferred revenue related to performance obligations under contracts with customers, estimated costs to complete obligations associated with deferred and accrued revenue and network installations, estimated income tax provision and income tax contingencies, fair value of stock-based compensation, assessment of goodwill and other intangibles for impairment, estimated lives of intangible assets, estimated pension liability, fair value of investments, evaluation of other-than-temporary declines in the value of investments and our allowance for current expected credit losses. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates. We assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information in context with the information reasonably available to us and the unknown future impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus/COVID-19 global pandemic (or variants of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, including the Omicron and Delta variants) as well as supply chain constraints as of December 31, 2021 and through the date of this report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, the allowance for expected credit losses, stock-based compensation, carrying value of goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets, financial assets, valuation allowances for tax assets, revenue recognition and costs of revenue. Future conditions related to the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors, including supply chain constraints, could result in further impacts to our consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. Correction of Immaterial Misstatements During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company determined that there was an immaterial misstatement of its excess and obsolete inventory reserves in its previously issued annual and interim financial statements. The Company corrected this misstatement by recognizing a $0.8 million out-of-period adjustment during the three months ended June 30, 2019, which increased its excess and obsolete inventory reserve and cost of revenue for the period. For the six and twelve months ended June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2019, respectively, the out-of-period adjustment was a cumulative $0.2 million reduction in its excess and obsolete inventory reserve and cost of revenue. Management determined that the correction of this misstatement was not material to any of its previously issued financial statements on both a quantitative and qualitative basis. During the first quarter of 2020, it was determined that certain investments held in the Company’s stock for a deferred compensation plan accounted for as a Rabbi trust were incorrectly classified as long-term investments with the fair value of such investments incorrectly marked to market at each period end rather than classified as treasury stock held at historical cost. This plan has been in existence since 2011. The Company corrected this misstatement as an out-of-period adjustment in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, by remeasuring the investment assets to their historical cost basis through the recording of a net investment gain of $1.5 million in the Consolidated Statement of (Loss) Income and then correcting the classification by decreasing the long-term investment balance at its remeasured cost basis of $2.8 million to treasury stock in the Consolidated 2020 Balance Sheet. Management has determined that this misstatement was not material to any of its previously issued financial statements and that correction of the misstatement was not material to the 2020 annual financial results on either a quantitative or qualitative basis. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents represent demand deposits, money market funds and short-term investments classified as available-for-sale with original maturities of three months or less. We maintain depository investments with certain financial institutions. As of December 31, 2021, $52.5 million of our cash and cash equivalents, primarily certain domestic money market funds and foreign depository accounts, were in excess of government provided insured depository limits. Although these depository investments may exceed government insured depository limits, we have evaluated the credit worthiness of these applicable financial institutions and determined the risk of material financial loss due to the exposure of such credit risk to be minimal. Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists of certain collateral which secures the Company’s performance obligation under a contract with a certain customer. Financial Instruments The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. Investments with contractual maturities beyond one year may be classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because such marketable securities represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations. Despite the long-term nature of their stated contractual maturities, we routinely buy and sell these securities and we believe we have the ability to quickly sell them to the remarketing agent, tender agent or issuer at par value plus accrued interest in the event we decide to liquidate our investment in a particular variable rate demand note. All income generated from these investments is recorded as interest income. We have not recorded any losses relating to variable rate demand notes. Long-term investments is comprised of deferred compensation plan assets, corporate bonds, municipal fixed-rate bonds, asset-backed bonds, mortgage/agency-backed bonds, U.S. and foreign government bonds, marketable equity securities and other equity investments. Marketable equity securities are reported at fair value as determined by the most recently traded price of the securities at the balance sheet date, although the securities may not be readily marketable due to the size of the available market. Any changes in fair value are recognized in net investment gain (loss). Realized gains and losses on sales of debt securities are computed under the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense). See Note 6 for additional information. For financing receivables, the Company does not measure the allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables, as the uncollectable accrued interest receivable is written off by reversing any previously recorded interest income in a timely manner (as soon as these amounts are determined to be uncollectable). Accounts Receivable We record accounts receivable at amortized cost. Prior to establishing payment terms for a new customer, we evaluate the credit risk of the customer. Credit limits and payment terms established for new customers are re-evaluated periodically based on customer collection experience and other financial factors. As of December 31, 2021, single customers comprising more than 10% of our total accounts receivable balance included three customers, which accounted for 59.9% of our total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2021, these three customers individually accounted for 35.8%, 12.1% and 12.0%, respectively, of our total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2020, single customers comprising more than 10% of our total accounts receivable balance included three customers, which accounted for 41.5% of our total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2020, these three customers individually accounted fo r 15.6%, 14.5% and 11.4%, respectively, of our total accounts receivable. On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Accounting Policy Under Topic 326 We regularly review the need for an allowance for credit losses related to our outstanding accounts receivable balances using the historical loss-rate method as well as assessing asset-specific risks. The assessment of asset-specific risks included the evaluation of relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to current conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay, such as the customer’s current financial condition or credit rating by geographic location, as provided by a third party and/or by customer, if needed, and overall macro-economic conditions in which the customer operates. Based on this assessment, an allowance for credit losses would be recorded if the Company determined that, based on our historical write-offs, which have been immaterial, and such asset specific risks, there was risk in collectability of the full amount of any accounts receivable. Accounting Policy Prior to Adoption of Topic 326 Prior to adoption of Topic 326 on January 1, 2020, we regularly reviewed the need to maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts and considered factors such as the age of accounts receivable balances, the current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay, significant one-time events impacting these customers and our historical experience. If the financial condition of a customer deteriorated, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, we may have been required to record an allowance for credit losses. Inventory Inventory is carried at the lower of cost and estimated net realizable value, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out method. Standard costs for material, labor and manufacturing overhead are used to value inventory and are updated at least quarterly. We establish reserves for estimated excess and obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated net realizable value of the inventory based on estimated reserve percentages, which consider historical usage, known trends, inventory age and market conditions. When we dispose of excess and obsolete inventories, the related disposals are charged against the inventory reserve. See Note 7 for additional information. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment, which is stated at cost, is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We depreciate building and land improvements from five to 39 years, office machinery and equipment from three to seven years, engineering machinery and equipment from three to seven years, and computer software from three to five years. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Major improvements that materially prolong the lives of the assets are capitalized. Gains and losses on the disposal of property, plant and equipment are recorded in operating loss. See Note 8 for additional information. Intangible Assets Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is recorded over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which is two to 14 years. See Note 11 for additional information. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles Long-lived assets used in operations and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset are less than the asset’s carrying value. An impairment loss would be recognized in the amount by which the recorded value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, measured by the quoted market price of an asset or an estimate based on the best information available in the circumstances. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized an impairment loss of less than $0.1 million related to the abandonment of certain information technology implementation projects for which we had previously capitalized expenses. There were no impairment losses for long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2019, or for intangible assets recognized during the years ended December 31, 2 0 21, 2020 or 2019. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired. We qualitatively assess the carrying value of goodwill each reporting period for events or circumstance changes that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test. Based on our assessment of certain qualitative factors such as macro-economic conditions, industry and market considerations, costs factors and overall financial performance, management concluded that the fair value of the goodwill was more likely than not greater than its carrying amount as of December 31, 2021. No impairment charges related to goodwill were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. Other Non-Current Assets Implementation costs incurred for hosting arrangements that are related to service contracts are capitalized and amortized over the term of the arrangement. Capitalized implementation costs totaled $21.0 million and $13.5 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively and are included in other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We depreciate capitalized implementation costs on a straight-line basis over ten years. Amortization expense was $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, which is recorded almost entirely in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. No amortization expense was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Liability for Warranty Our products generally include warranties of 90 days to five years for product defects. We accrue for warranty returns at the time of product shipment based on our historical return rate and estimate of the cost to repair or replace the defective products. We engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of our component suppliers. The increasing complexity of our products will cause warranty incidences, when they arise, to be more costly. Our estimates regarding future warranty obligations may change due to product failure rates, material usage and other rework costs incurred in correcting a product failure. In addition, from time to time, specific warranty accruals may be recorded if unforeseen problems arise. Should our actual experience relative to these factors be worse than our estimates, we will be required to record additional warranty expense. The liability for warranty obligations totaled $5.4 million and $7.1 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. A summary of warranty expense and write-off activity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 7,146 |  |  | $ | 8,394 |  |  | $ | 8,623 |
Plus: Amounts charged to cost and expenses |  |  | 855 |  |  |  | 1,538 |  |  |  | 4,569 |
Less: Deductions |  |  | (2,598 | ) |  |  | (2,786 | ) |  |  | (4,798 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 5,403 |  |  | $ | 7,146 |  |  | $ | 8,394 |
Pension Benefit Plan Obligations We maintain a defined benefit pension plan covering employees in certain foreign countries. Pension benefit plan obligations are based on various assumptions used by our actuaries in calculating these amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, compensation rate increases, expected return on plan assets, retirement rates and mortality rates. Actual results that differ from the assumptions and changes in assumptions could affect future expenses and obligations. Our net pension liability totaled $11.4 million and $18.7 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation We have two stock incentive plans from which stock options, performance stock units (“PSUs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and restricted stock are available for grant to employees and directors. Costs related to these awards are recognized over their vesting periods. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $7.5 million, $6.8 million, and $7.0 million, respectively. See Note 5 for additional information. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs include compensation for engineers and support personnel, contracted services, depreciation and material costs associated with new product development, enhancement of current products and product cost reductions. We continually evaluate new product opportunities and engage in intensive research for product and software development efforts. Research and development costs totaled $108.7 million, $113.3 million and $126.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, by components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
(In thousands) |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available- for-Sale Securities |  |  | Defined Benefit Plan Adjustments |  |  | Foreign Currency Adjustments |  |  | ASU 2018-02 Adoption (1) |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (563 | ) |  | $ | (8,041 | ) |  | $ | (5,812 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14,416 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  |  | 573 |  |  |  | (1,717 | ) |  |  | (1,480 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,624 | )
Amounts reclassified to retained earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | 385 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (294 | ) |  |  | 532 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 238 |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  |  | (284 | ) |  |  | (9,226 | ) |  |  | (7,292 | ) |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | (16,417 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  |  | 749 |  |  |  | (1,231 | ) |  |  | 4,857 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,375 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (433 | ) |  |  | 836 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 403 |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | (9,621 | ) |  |  | (2,435 | ) |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | (11,639 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  |  | (705 | ) |  |  | 3,439 |  |  |  | (3,699 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (965 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 690 |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | (552 | ) |  | $ | (5,613 | ) |  | $ | (6,134 | ) |  | $ | 385 |  |  | $ | (11,914 | )
(1) With the adoption of ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2019, stranded tax effects related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 were reclassified to retained earnings. The following tables present the details of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
(In thousands) |  | For the year ended December 31, |  |  |
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Components |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net (Loss) Income Is Presented
Unrealized (loss) gains on available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized (loss) gain on sales of securities |  | $ | (164 | ) |  | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | Net investment gain
Defined benefit plan adjustments – actuarial losses |  |  | (825 | ) |  |  | (1,212 | ) |  |  | (771 | ) |  | (1)
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax |  |  | (989 | ) |  |  | (627 | ) |  |  | (374 | ) |  |
Tax benefit |  |  | 299 |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 136 |  |  |
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax |  | $ | (690 | ) |  | $ | (403 | ) |  | $ | (238 | ) |  |
(1) Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 15 for additional information. The following tables present the tax effects related to the change in each component of other comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
|  | 2021 |
(In thousands) |  | Before-Tax Amount |  |  | Tax (Expense) Benefit |  |  | Net-of-Tax Amount |
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | (953 | ) |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | (705 | )
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale investments included in net income (loss) |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | 121 |
Defined benefit plan adjustments |  |  | 4,984 |  |  |  | (1,545 | ) |  |  | 3,439 |
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan adjustments included in net income (loss) |  |  | 825 |  |  |  | (256 | ) |  |  | 569 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (3,699 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,699 | )
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | $ | 1,321 |  |  | $ | (1,596 | ) |  | $ | (275 | )
|  | 2020 |
(In thousands) |  | Before-Tax Amount |  |  | Tax (Expense) Benefit |  |  | Net-of-Tax Amount |
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | (263 | ) |  | $ | 749 |
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale investments included in net (loss) income |  |  | (585 | ) |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | (433 | )
Defined benefit plan adjustments |  |  | (1,784 | ) |  |  | 553 |  |  |  | (1,231 | )
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan adjustments included in net (loss) income |  |  | 1,212 |  |  |  | (376 | ) |  |  | 836 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 4,857 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,857 |
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | $ | 4,712 |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | 4,778 |
|  | 2019 |
(In thousands) |  | Before-Tax Amount |  |  | Tax (Expense) Benefit |  |  | Net-of-Tax Amount |
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | (201 | ) |  | $ | 573 |
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale investments included in net loss |  |  | (397 | ) |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | (294 | )
Defined benefit plan adjustments |  |  | (2,488 | ) |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | (1,717 | )
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan adjustments included in net income (loss) |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | (239 | ) |  |  | 532 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (1,480 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,480 | )
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | $ | (2,820 | ) |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | (2,386 | )
Income Taxes The provision for income taxes has been determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from the difference between financial and tax basis of our assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when such changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. We establish reserves to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that the positions become uncertain. We adjust these reserves, including any impact on the related interest and penalties, as facts and circumstances change. Foreign Currency Transactions with customers that are denominated in foreign currencies are recorded using the appropriate exchange rates from throughout the year. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured at the balance sheet dates using the closing rates of exchange between those foreign currencies and the functional currency with any transaction gains or losses reported in other income (expense). Our primary exposures to foreign currency exchange rate movements are with our German subsidiary, whose functional currency is the Euro and our Australian subsidiary, whose functional currency is the Australian dollar. Adjustments resulting from translating financial statements of international subsidiaries are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. Revenue Accounting Policy under Topic 606 Revenue is measured based on the consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services to a customer and as performance obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of a product to the customer. Review of contracts with customers, for both direct customers and distributors, are performed and assessment made regarding principal versus agent considerations to determine primary responsibility for delivery of performance obligation, presumed inventory risk, and discretion in establishing pricing, when applicable. For transactions where there are multiple performance obligations, individual products and services are accounted for separately if they are distinct (if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer). The consideration, including any discounts, is allocated between separate products and services based on their stand-alone selling prices. Stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the separate products and services are sold and are allocated based on each item’s relative value to the total value of the products and services in the arrangement. For items that are not sold separately, we estimate stand-alone selling prices primarily using the “expected cost plus a margin” approach. Payment terms are generally 30 days in the U.S. and typically longer in many geographic markets outside the U.S. Shipping fees are recorded as revenue and the related cost is included in cost of revenue. Revenue, value-added and other taxes collected concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Costs of obtaining a contract, if material, are capitalized and amortized over the period that the related revenue is recognized if greater than one year. We have elected to account for shipping fees as a cost of fulfilling the related contract. We have also elected to apply the practical expedient related to the incremental costs of obtaining contracts and recognize those costs as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Capitalized costs with an amortization period greater than one year were immaterial. Revenue is generated by two reportable segments: Network Solutions and Services & Support. Network Solutions Segment - Includes hardware products and software defined next-generation virtualized solutions used in service provider or business networks, as well as prior generation products. The majority of the revenue from this segment is from hardware revenue. Hardware and Software Revenue Revenue from hardware sales is recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which is generally when the products are shipped. Shipping terms are generally FOB shipping point. Revenue from software license sales is recognized at delivery and transfer of control to the customer. Revenue is recorded net of estimated discounts and rebates using historical trends. Customers are typically invoiced when control is transferred and revenue is recognized. Our products generally include assurance-based warranties of 90 days to five years for product defects, which are accrued at the time products are delivered. Services & Support Segment - Includes a complete portfolio of maintenance, network implementation and solutions integration and managed services, which include hosted cloud services and subscription services to complement our Network Solutions segment. Maintenance Revenue Our maintenance service periods range from one month to five years. Customers are typically invoiced and pay for maintenance services at the beginning of the maintenance period. We recognize revenue for maintenance services on a straight-line basis over the maintenance period as our customers benefit evenly throughout the contract term and deferred revenue, when applicable, are recorded in current and non-current unearned revenue. Network Implementation Revenue We recognize revenue for network implementation, which primarily consists of engineering, execution and enablement services at a point in time when each performance obligation is complete. If we have recognized revenue but have not billed the customer, the right to consideration is recognized as a contract asset that is included in other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The contract asset is transferred to accounts receivable when the completed performance obligation is invoiced to the customer. See Notes 4 and 16 for additional information on reportable segments. Unearned Revenue Unearned revenue primarily represents customer billings on maintenance service programs and unearned revenue related to multiple element contracts where we still have contractual obligations to our customers. We currently offer maintenance contracts ranging from one month to five years. Revenue attributable to maintenance contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related contract term. In addition, we provide software maintenance and a variety of hardware maintenance services to customers under contracts with terms up to ten years. When we defer revenue related to multiple performance obligations where we still have contractual obligations, we also defer the related costs. Current deferred costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $0.7 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Non-current deferred costs are included in other non-current assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled $0.1 million as of December 31, 2021 and less than $0.1 million as of December 31, 2020. (Loss) Earnings per Share (Loss) earnings per common share and (loss) earnings per common share assuming dilution, are based on the weighted average number of common shares and, when dilutive, common equivalent shares outstanding during the year. See Note 19 for additional information. Business Combinations The Company records assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies, when applicable, and intangible assets recognized as part of business combinations based on their fair values on the date of acquisition subject to purchase accounting adjustments. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed or acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the estimated fair values of net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceed the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recorded. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based on historical experience, industry knowledge, certain information obtained from the management of the acquired company and, in some cases, valuations performed by independent third-party firms. The results of operations of acquired companies are included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income since their dates of acquisition. Costs incurred to complete the Business Combination, such as legal, accounting or other professional fees are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which would require an acquirer to recognize and measure acquired contract assets and contract liabilities in a manner consistent with how the acquiree recognized and measured them in its pre-acquisition financial statements in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue Recognition. ASU 2021-08 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the ASU should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is also permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If early adopted, the amendments are applied retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurred during the fiscal year of adoption. We are currently assessing whether to early adopt ASU 2021-08 in anticipation of the closing of the Business Combination Agreement with ADVA. However, we are unable to estimate the effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements as of the date of this report. For additional information on the Business Combination Agreement, see Note 3. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2 018-14, Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which makes changes to and clarifies the disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. ASU 2018-14 requires additional disclosures related to the reasons for significant gains and losses affecting the benefit obligation and an explanation of any other significant changes in the benefit obligation or plan assets that are not otherwise apparent in other disclosures required by ASC 715. ASU 2018-14 also clarifies the guidance in ASC 715 to require disclosure of the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”) and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. ASU 2018-14 was effective for public business entities for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 15 for additional information. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing various exceptions, such as the exception to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items. The amendments in this update also simplify the accounting for income taxes related to income-based franchise taxes and require that an entity reflect enacted tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The Company early adopted ASU 2019-12 on April 1, 2020, which was applied on a prospective basis as if the Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2020. The Company early adopted the standard to take advantage of the simplification of rules for income taxes on intra-period tax allocations. Specifically, the adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of approximately $0.1 million of tax benefit in other comprehensive (loss) income, that otherwise would have been recognized in continuing operations had the intra-period tax allocation been completed. There were no other impacts from this standard on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Note 2 – Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheet that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:
(In thousands) |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 56,603 |  |  | $ | 60,161 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 215 |  |  |  | 18 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 56,818 |  |  | $ | 60,179 |
See Note 17 for additional information regarding restricted cash.

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