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Post-Employment and Other Long-Term Employees Benefits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Changes in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets

The changes in benefit obligation and plan assets were as follows:

 

     Pension Benefits     Other Long-Term Benefits  
     December 31,
2017
    December 31,
2016
    December 31,
2017
    December 31,
2016
 

Change in benefit obligation:

        

Benefit obligation at beginning of year

     825       816       52       54  

Service cost

     27       27       3       3  

Interest cost

     23       25       2       2  

Employee contributions

     4       7       —         —    

Benefits paid

     (16     (27     (2     (5

Effect of curtailment

     —         (6     —         (1

Effect of settlement

     (10     (10     —         —    

Actuarial (gain) loss

     25       36       3       —    

Foreign currency translation adjustment

     58       (43     7       (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Benefit obligation at end of year

     936       825       65       52  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in plan assets:

        

Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year

     477       473       —         —    

Actual return on plan assets

     40       31       —         —    

Employer contributions

     27       27       —         —    

Employee contributions

     4       7       —         —    

Benefits paid

     (7     (18     —         —    

Effect of settlement

     (10     (10     —         —    

Foreign currency translation adjustments

     21       (33     —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Plan assets at fair value at end of year

     552       477       —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Funded status

     (384     (348     (65     (52
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net amount recognized in the balance sheet consisted of the following:

 

     Pension Benefits      Other Long-Term Benefits  
     December 31,
2017
     December 31,
2016
     December 31,
2017
     December 31,
2016
 

Non-current assets

     1        —          —          —    

Current liabilities

     (9      (9      (4      (3

Long-term liabilities

     (376      (339      (61      (49
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net amount recognized

     (384      (348      (65      (52
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Tax Effects

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) before tax effects were as follows:

 

     Actuarial
(gains)/losses
     Prior service
cost
     Total  

Other comprehensive loss as at December 31, 2015

     137        3        140  

Net amount generated/arising in current year

     25        —          25  

Amortization

     (14      (1      (15

Foreign currency translation adjustment

     (9      —          (9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other comprehensive loss as at December 31, 2016

     139        2        141  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net amount generated/arising in current year

     6        —          6  

Amortization

     (10      —          (10

Foreign currency translation adjustment

     9        —          9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other comprehensive loss as at December 31, 2017

     144        2        146  

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations

The accumulated benefit obligations were as follows:

 

     Pension Benefits      Other Long-Term Benefits  
     December 31,
2017
     December 31,
2016
     December 31,
2017
     December 31,
2016
 

Accumulated benefit obligations

     828        762        53        41  

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The components of the net periodic benefit cost included the following:

 

     Pension Benefits     Other Long-term Benefits  
     Year ended
December 31,
2017
    Year ended
December 31,
2016
    Year ended
December 31,
2015
    Year ended
December 31,
2017
     Year ended
December 31,
2016
    Year ended
December 31,
2015
 

Service cost

     27       27       28       3        3       5  

Interest cost

     23       25       25       2        2       2  

Expected return on plan assets

     (21     (20     (22     —          —         —    

Amortization of actuarial net loss (gain)

     9       8       7       3        —         —    

Amortization of prior service cost

     —         1       1       —          —         —    

Effect of settlement

     1       —         1       —          —         —    

Effect of curtailment

     —         —         —         —          (1     (1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net periodic benefit cost

     39       41       40       8        4       6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Determination of Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets

The weighted average assumptions used in the determination of the benefit obligation and the plan assets for the pension plans and the other long-term benefits were as follows:

 

Assumptions

   2017     2016  

Discount rate

     2.54     2.57

Salary increase rate

     2.37     2.74

Expected long-term rate of return on funds for the pension expense of the following year

     4.23     4.24

 

The weighted average assumptions used in the determination of the net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans and the other long-term benefits were as follows:

 

Assumptions

   2017     2016     2015  

Discount rate

     2.57     3.19     3.03

Salary increase rate

     2.74     3.07     2.65

Expected long-term rate of return on funds for the pension expense of the year

     4.24     4.44     4.76

Pension Plan Asset Allocation

The Company’s pension plan asset allocation at December 31, 2017 and at December 31, 2016 is as follows:

 

     Percentage of Plan
Assets at December
 

Asset Category

   2017     2016  

Cash and cash equivalents

     3     2

Equity securities

     30     29

Government debt securities

     3     3

Corporate debt securities

     26     26

Investments in funds(a)

     17     18

Real estate

     2     2

Other (mainly insurance assets — contracts and reserves)

     19     20
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     100     100
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) Investment in funds are composed approximately of one half in commingled funds mainly invested in corporate bonds (55%) and treasury bonds and notes (45%) and for the other half in multi-strategy funds invested in broadly diversified portfolios of corporate and government bonds, equity and derivative instruments.
Pension Plan Asset Allocation Including Fair-Value Measurements

The Company’s detailed pension plan asset allocation including the fair-value measurements of those plan assets as at December 31, 2017 is as follows:

 

     Total      Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
     Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

     14        14        —          —    

Equity securities

     167        8        159        —    

Government debt securities

     18        17        1        —    

Corporate debt securities

     141        5        136        —    

Investment funds

     93        2        91        —    

Real estate

     12        —          12        —    

Other (mainly insurance assets — contracts and reserves)

     107        —          —          107  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL

     552        46        399        107  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

The Company’s detailed pension plan asset allocation including the fair-value measurements of those plan assets as at December 31, 2016 is as follows:

 

     Total      Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
     Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

     11        11        —          —    

Equity securities

     137        6        131        —    

Government debt securities

     13        12        1        —    

Corporate debt securities

     125        4        121        —    

Investment funds

     84        6        78        —    

Real estate

     12        —          11        1  

Other (mainly insurance assets — contracts and reserves)

     95        —          —          95  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL

     477        39        342        96  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Reconciliation for Plan Assets Measured at Fair Value Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

For plan assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), the reconciliation between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017 is presented as follows:

 

     Fair Value Measurements
using Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 

January 1, 2017

     96  

Contributions (employer and employee)

     12  

Actual return on plan assets

     (2

Net benefit payments(b)

     4  

Settlements

     (8

Foreign currency translation adjustment

     5  
  

 

 

 

December 31, 2017

     107  
  

 

 

 

 

(b) Net cash flows between benefits paid from the insurance contracts and benefits transferred into the insurance contracts by employees.

For plan assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), the reconciliation between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016 is presented as follows:

 

     Fair Value Measurements
using Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 

January 1, 2016

     102  

Contributions (employer and employee)

     16  

Actual return on plan assets

     (3

Net benefit payments(b)

     (6

Settlements

     (10

Foreign currency translation adjustment

     (3
  

 

 

 

December 31, 2016

     96  
  

 

 

 

 

(b) Net cash flows between benefits paid from the insurance contracts and benefits transferred into the insurance contracts by employees.
Estimated Future Benefit Payments

The Company’s estimated future benefit payments as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:

 

Years

   Pension
Benefits
     Other
Long-term
Benefits
 

2018

     32        4  

2019

     31        5  

2020

     26        8  

2021

     36        3  

2022

     35        4  

From 2023 to 2026

     264        30