23.

COMMITMENTS

The Company’s commitments as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:


In millions of U.S. dollars	Total		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter
Operating leases		214		56		44		29		19		14		52
Purchase obligations		1,323		989		146		101		87		—		—
of which:
Equipment purchase		628		628		—		—		—		—		—
Foundry purchase		525		234		114		90		87		—		—
Software, design, technologies and licenses		170		127		32		11		—		—		—
Other obligations		563		263		120		68		47		31		34

Total		2,100		1,308		310		198		153		45		86

Operating leases are mainly related to building and equipment leases. The amount disclosed is composed of minimum payments for future leases from 2019 to 2023 and thereafter. The Company leases land, buildings, plants and equipment under operating leases that expire at various dates under non-cancellable lease agreements. Operating lease expense was $64 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, $67 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $56 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Purchase obligations are primarily comprised of purchase commitments for equipment, for outsourced foundry wafers and for software licenses.

Other obligations primarily relate to firm contractual commitments with respect to partnership and cooperation agreements and other service agreements.