Intangible assets, net

Year ended December 31, 2019	Information system projects			Licenses, patents and trademarks (*)			Goodwill			Customer relationships		Total

Cost
Values at the beginning of the year		580,622			464,571			2,085,936			2,058,859		5,189,988
Translation differences		(1,917	)		(70	)		(968	)		-		(2,955	)
Increase due to business combinations (**)		405			-			32,869			81,192		114,466
Additions		35,487			772			-			-		36,259
Transfers / Reclassifications		(4,665	)		-			-			-		(4,665	)
Disposals		(5,062	)		(1,531	)		-			-		(6,593	)
Values at the end of the year		604,870			463,742			2,117,837			2,140,051		5,326,500

Amortization
Accumulated at the beginning of the year		513,984			373,466			797,592			2,038,981		3,724,023
Translation differences		(1,734	)		-			-			-		(1,734	)
Amortization charge		28,937			719			-			18,259		47,915
Disposals		(4,850	)		(413	)		-			-		(5,263	)
Accumulated at the end of the year		536,337			373,772			797,592			2,057,240		3,764,941
At December 31, 2019		68,533			89,970			1,320,245			82,811		1,561,559

Year ended December 31, 2018	Information system projects			Licenses, patents and trademarks (*)			Goodwill			Customer relationships		Total
Cost
Values at the beginning of the year		560,692			465,963			2,090,073			2,058,859		5,175,587
Translation differences		(6,153	)		(183	)		(4,137	)		-		(10,473	)
Additions		31,632			273			-			-		31,905
Transfers / Reclassifications		(5,493	)		-			-			-		(5,493	)
Disposals		(56	)		(1,482	)		-			-		(1,538	)
Values at the end of the year		580,622			464,571			2,085,936			2,058,859		5,189,988

Amortization
Accumulated at the beginning of the year		478,946			372,746			797,592			1,865,444		3,514,728
Translation differences		(5,551	)		-			-			-		(5,551	)
Amortization charge		40,635			720			-			173,537		214,892
Disposals		(46	)		-			-			-		(46	)
Accumulated at the end of the year		513,984			373,466			797,592			2,038,981		3,724,023
At December 31, 2018		66,638			91,105			1,288,344			19,878		1,465,965

(*) Includes Proprietary Technology.

(**) Related to SSP acquisition.

The geographical allocation of goodwill for the year ended

December 31, 2019

was

$1,168.4

million for North America,

$116.2

million for South America,

$1.9

million for Europe and

$33.7

million for Middle East & Africa.

The carrying amount of goodwill allocated by CGU, as of

December 31, 2019,

was as follows:

(All amounts in million US dollar)
As of December 31, 2019	Tubes Segment						Other Segment
CGU	Maverick Acquisition		Hydril Acquisition		Other		Maverick Acquisition		Total
OCTG (USA)		225		-		-		-		225
Tamsa (Hydril and other)		-		346		19		-		365
Siderca (Hydril and other)		-		265		93		-		358
Hydril		-		309		-		-		309
Confab		-		-		-		-		-
Coiled Tubing		-		-		-		4		4
Other		-		-		59		-		59
Total		225		920		171		4		1,320