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Note 11 - Property, plant and equipment, net - Components of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2025 | Dec. 31, 2024
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | $ 6,121,471 |  | $ 6,078,179
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  | 71,934 |  | (36,248)
Increase due to business combinations | [1] | 16,342 |  |
Changes due to business combinations | [2] |  |  | (10,461)
Additions |  | 568,421 |  | 635,513
Transfers / Reclassifications |  | 906 |  | (4,546)
Decrease due to deconsolidation of subsidiaries | [3] | (373) |  |
Disposals / Consumptions |  | (71,942) | [4] | (31,763)
Depreciation charge |  | (501,677) |  | (509,203)
Movements of the year |  | 83,611 |  | 43,292
At the end of the year |  | 6,205,082 |  | 6,121,471
Land and civil buildings [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 757,410 |  | 725,063
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  | 8,279 |  | (4,637)
Increase due to business combinations | [1] | 1,990 |  |
Changes due to business combinations | [2] |  |  | 12,949
Additions |  |  |  | 2,176
Transfers / Reclassifications |  | 83,893 |  | 48,322
Decrease due to deconsolidation of subsidiaries | [3] |  |  |
Disposals / Consumptions |  | (57,445) | [4] | (10,197)
Depreciation charge |  | (14,728) |  | (16,266)
Movements of the year |  | 21,989 |  | 32,347
At the end of the year |  | 779,399 |  | 757,410
Industrial buildings, plant and production equipment [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 4,873,502 |  | 4,842,229
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  | 56,463 |  | (26,793)
Increase due to business combinations | [1] | 14,352 |  |
Changes due to business combinations | [2] |  |  | (24,063)
Additions |  | 3,164 |  | 1,028
Transfers / Reclassifications |  | 464,662 |  | 550,891
Decrease due to deconsolidation of subsidiaries | [3] | (362) |  |
Disposals / Consumptions |  | (818) | [4] | (12,526)
Depreciation charge |  | (464,041) |  | (457,264)
Movements of the year |  | 73,420 |  | 31,273
At the end of the year |  | 4,946,922 |  | 4,873,502
Vehicles, furniture and fixtures [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 73,562 |  | 65,604
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  | 640 |  | (266)
Increase due to business combinations | [1] |  |  |
Changes due to business combinations | [2] |  |  |
Additions |  | 598 |  | 433
Transfers / Reclassifications |  | 39,070 |  | 29,681
Decrease due to deconsolidation of subsidiaries | [3] | (11) |  |
Disposals / Consumptions |  | (461) | [4] | (1,183)
Depreciation charge |  | (20,666) |  | (20,707)
Movements of the year |  | 19,170 |  | 7,958
At the end of the year |  | 92,732 |  | 73,562
Work in progress [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 372,990 |  | 396,103
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  | 6,188 |  | (4,391)
Increase due to business combinations | [1] |  |  |
Changes due to business combinations | [2] |  |  | 653
Additions |  | 550,901 |  | 616,218
Transfers / Reclassifications |  | (586,719) |  | (633,440)
Decrease due to deconsolidation of subsidiaries | [3] |  |  |
Disposals / Consumptions |  | (6,369) | [4] | (2,153)
Depreciation charge |  |  |  |
Movements of the year |  | (35,999) |  | (23,113)
At the end of the year |  | 336,991 |  | 372,990
Spare parts and equipment [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 44,007 |  | 49,180
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  | 364 |  | (161)
Increase due to business combinations | [1] |  |  |
Changes due to business combinations | [2] |  |  |
Additions |  | 13,758 |  | 15,658
Transfers / Reclassifications |  |  |  |
Decrease due to deconsolidation of subsidiaries | [3] |  |  |
Disposals / Consumptions |  | (6,849) | [4] | (5,704)
Depreciation charge |  | (2,242) |  | (14,966)
Movements of the year |  | 5,031 |  | (5,173)
At the end of the year |  | 49,038 |  | 44,007
Gross carrying amount [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 15,717,716 |  | 15,313,080
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | 16,369,632 |  | 15,717,716
Gross carrying amount [member] | Land and civil buildings [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 935,704 |  | 889,957
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | 967,135 |  | 935,704
Gross carrying amount [member] | Industrial buildings, plant and production equipment [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 13,903,542 |  | 13,538,273
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | 14,517,757 |  | 13,903,542
Gross carrying amount [member] | Vehicles, furniture and fixtures [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 424,042 |  | 416,913
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | 458,610 |  | 424,042
Gross carrying amount [member] | Work in progress [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 372,990 |  | 396,103
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | 336,991 |  | 372,990
Gross carrying amount [member] | Spare parts and equipment [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | 81,438 |  | 71,834
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | 89,139 |  | 81,438
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | (9,596,245) |  | (9,234,901)
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | (10,164,550) |  | (9,596,245)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member] | Land and civil buildings [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | (178,294) |  | (164,894)
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | (187,736) |  | (178,294)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member] | Industrial buildings, plant and production equipment [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | (9,030,040) |  | (8,696,044)
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | (9,570,835) |  | (9,030,040)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member] | Vehicles, furniture and fixtures [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | (350,480) |  | (351,309)
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | (365,878) |  | (350,480)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member] | Work in progress [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  |  |  |
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  |  |  |
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment [member] | Spare parts and equipment [member] |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of changes in property, plant and equipment [abstract] |  |  |  |
At the beginning of the year |  | (37,431) |  | (22,654)
Movements of the year |  |  |  |
At the end of the year |  | $ (40,101) |  | $ (37,431)
[1] | For the year 2025, related to the acquisition of a scrap processing business in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. For more information see note 34.
[2] | For the year 2024, related to Mattr’s pipe coating business unit acquisition.
[3] | For the year 2025, related to the deconsolidation of Amaja Tubular Services Limited.
[4] | For the year 202 5, includes the unwinding of certain land plots in Saudi Arabia. For more information see note 28.

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