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Financial Instruments and Risk Management (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Groups and measurement bases of financial assets and financial liabilities

B. Groups and measurement bases of financial assets and financial liabilities

 

As at December 31, 2020

 

Financial assets

Financial liabilities

 

Measured at fair value through the statement of income

Measured at fair value through the statement of comprehensive income

Measured at amortized cost

Measured at fair value through the statement of income

Measured at amortized cost

 

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

-

-

 214

-

-

Short-term investments and deposits

-

-

 100

-

-

Trade receivables

-

-

 883

-

-

Other receivables

-

-

 122

-

-

Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

-

53

-

-

-

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

 24

-

-

-

-

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency and interest derivative instruments  designated as cash flow hedge

 115

-

-

-

-

Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

-

 83

-

-

-

Other non-current asset

-

-

 8

-

-

Total financial assets

 139

 136

 1,327

-

-

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Short term debt

-

-

-

-

 (679)

Trade payables

-

-

-

-

 (740)

Other current liabilities

-

-

-

-

 (156)

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

-

-

-

 (42)

-

Energy and marine transport derivative designated as economic hedge

-

-

-

 (1)

-

Non-current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Long term debt and debentures

-

-

-

-

 (2,053)

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

-

-

-

 (13)

-

Foreign currency and interest derivative instruments  designated as cash flow hedge

-

-

-

 (28)

-

Other non- current liabilities

-

-

-

-

 (53)

Total financial liabilities

-

-

-

 (84)

 (3,681)

Total financial instruments, net

 139

 136

 1,327

 (84)

 (3,681)


Note 21 - Financial Instruments and Risk Management (cont'd)

 

B. Groups and measurement bases of financial assets and financial liabilities (cont'd)

 

As at December 31, 2019

 

Financial assets

Financial liabilities

 

Measured at fair value through the statement of income

Measured at fair value through the statement of comprehensive income

Measured at amortized cost

Measured at fair value through the statement of income

Measured at amortized cost

 

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

-

-

 95

-

-

Short-term investments and deposits

-

-

 96

-

-

Trade receivables

-

-

 778

-

-

Other receivables

-

-

 105

-

-

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

 10

-

-

-

-

Energy and marine transport derivative designated as economic hedge

 1

-

-

-

-

Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

-

 40

-

-

-

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

-

 111

-

-

-

Foreign currency and interest derivative instruments  designated as cash flow hedge

 57

-

-

-

-

Other non-current asset

-

-

 6

-

-

Total financial assets

 68

 151

 1,080

-

-

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Short term debt

-

-

-

-

 (420)

Trade payables

-

-

-

-

 (712)

Other current liabilities

-

-

-

 

 (128)

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

-

-

-

 (5)

 

Energy and marine transport derivative designated as economic hedge

-

-

-

 (3)

 

Non-current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Long term debt and debentures

-

-

-

-

 (2,181)

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

-

-

-

 (6)

 

Other non- current liabilities

-

-

-

-

 (38)

Total financial liabilities

-

-

-

 (14)

 (3,479)

Total financial instruments, net

 68

 151

 1,080

 (14)

 (3,479)

 


Maximum credit exposure

(2) Maximum Exposure to credit risk

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was:

 

As at December 31

 

Carrying amount ($ millions)

 

2020

2019

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 214

 95

Short term investments and deposits

 100

 96

Trade receivables

 883

 778

Other receivables

 122

 105

Derivatives

 139

 68

Other non-current assets

 8

 6

 

 1,466

 1,148

 

Maximum credit exposure by geographical region

The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade receivables, at the reporting date by geographic region was:

 

As at December 31

 

Carrying amount ($ millions)

 

2020

2019

 

Europe

 330

 252

Asia

 258

 249

North America

 144

 114

South America

 68

 74

Israel

 67

 72

Other

 16

 17

 

 883

 778

 

Aging of debts and impairment losses

(3) Aging of debts and impairment losses

The aging of trade receivables at the reporting date was:

 

As at December 31

 

2020

2019

 

Gross

Impairment

Gross

Impairment

 

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

 

Not past due

 788

-

 661

-

Past due up to 3 months

 58

-

 65

-

Past due 3 to 12 months

 7

 (1)

 26

 (1)

Past due over 12 months

 40

 (9)

 29

 (2)

 

 893

 (10)

 781

 (3)

 

Allowance of doubtful accounts

(3) Aging of debts and impairment losses

The movement in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the year was as follows:

 

2020

2019

 

$ millions

$ millions

 

Balance as at January 1

 3

 3

Additional allowance

 5

 2

Write offs

-

 (1)

Reversals

-

 (1)

Changes due to translation differences

 2

-

Balance as at December 31

 10

 3

 

Liquidity risk

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments:

 

As at December 31, 2020

 

Carrying amount

12 months or less

1-2 years

3-5 years

More than 5 years

 

$ millions

 

Non-derivative financial liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Short term debt (not including current maturities)

 296

 299

-

-

-

Trade payables

 740

 740

-

-

-

Other current liabilities

 156

 156

-

-

-

Long-term debt, debentures and others

 2,489

 489

 529

 859

 1,559

 

 3,681

 1,684

 529

 859

 1,559

Financial liabilities – derivative instruments

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

 55

 42

-

-

 13

Energy and marine transport derivative designated as economic hedge

 1

 1

-

-

-

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as cash flow hedge

 28

-

-

-

 28

 

 84

 43

-

-

 41


Note 21 - Financial Instruments and Risk Management (cont'd)

 

D. Liquidity risk (cont'd)

 

As at December 31, 2019

 

Carrying amount

12 months or less

1-2 years

3-5 years

More than 5 years

 

$ millions

 

Non-derivative financial liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Short term debt (not including current maturities)

 358

 361

-

-

-

Trade payables

 712

 712

-

-

-

Other current liabilities

 128

 128

-

-

-

Long-term debt and debentures

 2,281

 157

 645

 1,101

 1,288

 

 3,479

 1,358

 645

 1,101

 1,288

Financial liabilities – derivative instruments utilized for economic hedging

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency and interest derivative designated as economic hedge

 11

 5

-

-

 6

Energy and marine transport derivative designated as economic hedge

 3

 3

-

-

-

 

 14

 8

-

-

 6

 

 

Interest rate profile

(a) Interest Rate Profile

Set forth below are details regarding the type of interest on the Group’s non-derivative interestbearing financial instruments:

 

As at December 31

 

2020

2019

 

$ millions

$ millions

 

Fixed rate instruments

 

   

Financial assets

 165

 164

Financial liabilities

 (2,450)

 (1,947)

 

 (2,285)

 (1,783)

Variable rate instruments

 

 

Financial assets

 223

 100

Financial liabilities

 (296)

 (669)

 

 (73)

 (569)

 

Sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments

(c) Sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments

The below analysis assumes that all other variables (except for the interest rate), in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant.

 

 

As at December 31, 2020

 

Impact on profit (loss)

 

Decrease of 1% in interest

Decrease of 0.5% in interest

Increase of 0.5% in interest

Increase of 1% in interest

 

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

 

SWAP instruments

 

 

 

 

Changes in U.S. Dollar interest

 (39)

 (19)

 18

 36

Changes in Israeli Shekel interest

 49

 24

 (22)

 (42)

Changes in Euro interest

 (2)

 (1)

 1

 2

 

 

Terms of derivative financial instruments used to hedge interest risk
Sensitivity analysis non-derivative financial instruments

(a) Sensitivity analysis

A 10% increase at the rate of the US$ against the following currencies would have increased (decreased) profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant.

 

As at December 31

 

Impact on profit (loss)

 

2020

2019

 

$ millions

$ millions

 

Non-derivative financial instruments

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Euro

 (96)

 (95)

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 134

 98

U.S. Dollar/British Pound

 2

 (4)

U.S. Dollar/Chinese Yuan

 (1)

 (1)

U.S. Dollar/Turkey Lira

 (1)

 (1)

 

 

A 10% decrease of the US$ against the above currencies at December 31 would have the same effect but in the opposite direction

Market risk sensitivity analysis

(a) Sensitivity analysis (cont'd)

Presented hereunder is a sensitivity analysis of the Group’s foreign currency derivative instruments as at December 31, 2020. Any change in the exchange rates of the principal currencies shown below would have increased (decreased) profit and loss and equity by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables remain constant.

 

As at December 31, 2020

 

Increase 10%

Increase 5%

Decrease 5%

Decrease 10%

 

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

 

Euro/ U.S. Dollar

 

 

 

 

Forward transactions

 14

 7

 (8)

 (17)

Options

 4

 2

 (3)

 (6)

SWAP

 33

 18

 (19)

 (41)

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 

 

 

 

Forward transactions

 (39)

 (20)

 23

 48

Options

 (26)

 (14)

 19

 44

SWAP

 (82)

 (43)

 48

 101

 

 

 

 

 

British Pound/U.S. Dollar

 

 

 

 

Forward transactions

 (3)

 (1)

 1

 3

Options

 (1)

-

 1

 1

SWAP

 (6)

 (3)

 4

 8

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Japanese Yen

 

 

 

 

Forward transactions

 1

-

-

 (1)

 

Terms of derivative financial instruments used to economically hedge foreign currency risk

(b) Terms of derivative financial instruments used to reduce foreign currency risk

 

As at December 31, 2020

 

Carrying amount

Stated amount

Average

 

$ millions

$ millions

exchange rate

 

Forward contracts

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 8

 377

 3.2

Euro/U.S. Dollar

-

 150

 1.2

U.S. Dollar/British Pound

-

 27

 1.4

U.S. Dollar/Chinese Yuan Renminbi

-

 23

 6.6

Other

-

 53

-

Currency and interest SWAPs

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 87

 701

 3.7

Euro/U.S. Dollar

 (41)

 324

 1.1

U.S. Dollar/British Pound

 5

 63

 1.3

Put options

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 13

 400

 3.3

Euro/U.S. Dollar

-

 47

 1.2

U.S. Dollar/Japanese Yen

-

 2

 107

U.S. Dollar/British Pound

-

 10

 1.3

Call options

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 (1)

 380

 3.3

Euro/U.S. Dollar

 (2)

 47

 1.2

U.S. Dollar/Japanese Yen

-

 2

 107

U.S. Dollar/British Pound

-

 10

 1.3

 


Note 21 - Financial Instruments and Risk Management (cont'd)

 

E. Market risk (cont'd)

2. Currency risk (cont'd)

(b) Terms of derivative financial instruments used to reduce foreign currency risk (cont’d)

 

As at December 31, 2019

 

Carrying amount

Stated amount

Average exchange rate

 

$ millions

$ millions

 

 

Forward contracts

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

-

 309

 3.5

Euro/U.S. Dollar

 (1)

 61

 1.1

U.S. Dollar/British Pound

-

 33

 1.3

U.S. Dollar/Chinese Yuan Renminbi

-

 28

 7.1

Other

 4

 56

 0.9

Currency and interest SWAPs

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 57

 482

 3.7

Euro/U.S. Dollar

 (3)

 447

 1.1

Put options

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

 4

 600

 3.4

Euro/U.S. Dollar

-

 45

 1.1

U.S. Dollar/Japanese Yen

-

 1

 108.5

U.S. Dollar/British Pound

-

 15

 1.3

Call options

 

 

 

U.S. Dollar/Israeli Shekel

-

 440

 3.4

Euro/U.S. Dollar

 1

 45

 1.1

 

 


 

Linkage terms of monetary balances

(c) Linkage terms of monetary balances – in millions of Dollars

 

As at December 31, 2020

 

US Dollar

Euro

British Pound

Israeli Shekel

Brazilian Real

Chinese Yuan Renminbi

Other

Total

 

Non-derivative instruments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 114

 13

 5

 2

 6

 60

 14

 214

Short term investments and deposits

 88

 5

-

-

-

 4

 3

 100

Trade receivables

 454

 227

 35

 58

 21

 51

 37

 883

Other receivables

 72

 41

-

 7

-

-

 2

 122

Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

-

-

-

-

-

 136

-

 136

Other non-current assets

 1

 3

-

-

 4

-

-

 8

Total financial assets

 729

 289

 40

 67

 31

 251

 56

 1,463

Short-term debt

 267

 70

 85

 181

 7

 68

 1

 679

Trade payables

 145

 163

 21

 326

 11

 66

 8

 740

Other current liabilities

 41

 68

 4

 17

-

 26

 

 156

Long term debt, debentures and others

 1,211

 36

 22

 716

 2

 60

 6

 2,053

Other non-current liabilities

 2

 51

-

-

-

-

-

 53

Total financial liabilities

 1,666

 388

 132

 1,240

 20

 220

 15

 3,681

Total non-derivative financial instruments, net

 (937)

 (99)

 (92)

 (1,173)

 11

 31

 41

 (2,218)

Derivative instruments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forward transactions

-

 150

 27

 377

 15

 23

 38

 630

Cylinder

-

 47

 10

 400

 20

-

 2

 479

SWAPS – U.S. Dollar into Israeli Shekel

-

-

-

 701

-

-

-

 701

SWAPS – U.S. Dollar into Euro

-

 324

-

-

-

-

-

 324

SWAPS – U.S. Dollar into British Pound

-

-

 63

-

-

-

-

 63

Total derivative instruments

-

 521

 100

 1,478

 35

 23

 40

 2,197

Net exposure

 (937)

 422

 8

 305

 46

 54

 81

 (21)

 

 


Note 21 - Financial Instruments and Risk Management (cont'd)

E. Market risk (cont'd)

2. Currency risk (cont'd)

(c) Linkage terms of monetary balances – in millions of Dollars (cont'd)

 

As at December 31, 2019

 

US Dollar

Euro

British Pound

Israeli Shekel

Brazilian Real

Chinese Yuan Renminbi

Others

Total

 

Non-derivative instruments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 18

 19

 4

 4

 6

 33

 11

 95

Short term investments and deposits

 89

 1

-

-

-

 3

 3

 96

Trade receivables

 381

 177

 37

 50

 22

 48

 63

 778

Other receivables

 84

 16

-

 3

-

-

 2

 105

Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

-

-

-

-

-

 151

-

 151

Other non-current assets

 3

 1

-

-

 2

-

-

 6

Total financial assets

 575

 214

 41

 57

 30

 235

 79

 1,231

Short-term debt

 198

 95

 18

 58

 4

 47

-

 420

Trade payables

 172

 178

 22

 247

 9

 79

 5

 712

Other current liabilities

 19

 44

 4

 47

-

 12

 2

 128

Long term debt, debentures and others

 1,452

 34

 29

 596

 7

 60

 4

 2,182

Other non-current liabilities

 

 38

 

 

 

 

 

 38

Total financial liabilities

 1,841

 389

 73

 948

 20

 198

 11

 3,480

Total non-derivative financial instruments, net

 (1,266)

 (175)

 (32)

 (891)

 10

 37

 68

 (2,249)

Derivative instruments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forward transactions

-

 61

 33

 309

-

 28

 56

 487

Cylinder

-

 45

 15

 600

-

-

-

 660

SWAPS – U.S. Dollar into Israeli Shekel

-

-

-

 482

-

-

-

 482

SWAPS – U.S. Dollar into Euro

-

 447

-

-

-

-

-

 447

Total derivative instruments

-

 553

 48

 1,391

-

 28

 56

 2,076

Net exposure

 (1,266)

 378

 16

 500

 10

 65

 124

 (173)

 

 

Fair value of financial instruments

The following table details the book value and the fair value of financial instrument groups presented in the financial statements not in accordance with their fair value:

 

As at December 31, 2020

As at December 31, 2019

 

Carrying amount

Fair value

Carrying amount

Fair value

 

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

$ millions

 

Loans bearing fixed interest (1)

 89

 96

 74

 82

Debentures bearing fixed interest

 

 

 

 

Marketable (2)

 1,625

 1,870

 1,237

 1,395

Non-marketable (3)

 281

 296

 281

 293

 

 1,995

 2,262

 1,592

 1,770

  1.       The fair value of the Shekel, Euro, and Yuan loans issued bearing fixed interest is based on calculation of the present value of the cash flows in respect of the principal and the interest and is discounted at the market interest rates on the measurement date for similar loans having similar characteristics and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The average discount interest as of December 31, 2020 for the Shekel, Euro and Yuan loans was 1.6%, 1.4% and 5.1%, respectively (December 31, 2019 for the Shekel, Euro and Yuan loans 1.4%, 1.3%, and 4.2%, respectively).
  2.       The fair value of the marketable debentures is based on the quoted stock exchange price and is classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
  3.       The fair value of the nonmarketable debentures is based on calculation of the present value of the cash flows in respect of the principal and the interest and is discounted at the Libor rate customary in the market for similar loans having similar characteristics and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The average discount interest as of December 31, 2020 was 2.6% (December 31, 2019 – 3.7%).
Hierarchy of fair value

The following levels were defined:

Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) prices in an active market for identical instruments

Level 2: Observed data (directly or indirectly) not included in Level 1 above.

Level 1

As at December 31, 2020

As at December 31, 2019

$ millions

$ millions

 

Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

 136

 151

 

 

Level 2

As at December 31, 2020

As at December 31, 2019

$ millions

$ millions

 

Derivatives designated as economic hedge, net

 (32)

 (3)

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedge, net

 87

 57

 

 55

 54