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DEBT | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
DEBT | DEBT Loan and revolving Credit Agreement In 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with certain lenders, pursuant to which a loan of $475,000 was provided to the Company. In January 2017, the Company prepaid a principal amount of $260,000, which resulted in $5,300 amortization of debt issuance costs. In November 2020, the Company prepaid the remaining principal amount of $215,000, which resulted in $725 amortization of debt issuance costs. The loan bore interest through maturity at a variable rate based upon, at the Company's option every interest period, either (a) the LIBOR rate for Eurocurrency borrowing or (b) an Alternate Base Rate ("ABR"), which is the highest of (i) the administrative agent's prime rate, (ii) one-half of 1.00% in excess of the overnight U.S. Federal Funds rate, and (iii) 1.00% in excess of the one-month LIBOR, plus in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin for Eurocurrency loans ranges, based on the applicable total net leverage ratio, from 1.25% to 2.00% per annum and the applicable margin for ABR loans ranges, based on the applicable total net leverage ratio, from 0.25% to 1.00% per annum. Debt issuance costs of $10,158 attributable to the loan were amortized as interest expense over the contractual term of the loan using the effective interest rate. Interest expense related to the liability for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
| 2020 |  | 2019
Amortization of debt issuance costs | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | 1,004 |
Interest expense | 3,848 |  |  | 7,676 |
Total interest expense recognized | $ | 5,535 |  |  | $ | 8,680 |
Effective interest rate | 2.11 | % |  | 4.01 | %
Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Company was also granted a revolving credit facility that entitled the Company to borrow up to $75,000 with interest payable on the borrowed amount set at the same terms as the term loan, as well as a quarterly commitment fee on unfunded amounts ranging from 0.25% to 0.5%, subject to the achievement of certain leverage levels. Debt issuance costs of $1,667 attributable to the revolving credit loan were capitalized and amortized as interest expense over the contractual term of the agreement on a straight-line basis. Following the loan prepayment in November 2020 (as mentioned above), the Credit Agreement was terminated, resulting in the recognition of the remaining $325 amortization of Credit Agreement issuance costs. Exchangeable Senior Notes and Hedging Transactions 2017 Notes In January 2017, the Company issued $287,500 aggregate principal amount of exchangeable senior notes (the "2017 Notes") due 2024. In the event that the last reported sale price of the company’s ADS for at least 20 trading days (whether consecutive or not) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the exchange price ("Share Price Condition") or in the event of the satisfaction of certain other conditions, during set periods, as defined in the indenture governing the Notes, the holders of the exchangeable Senior Notes will have the option to exchange the Notes for (at the Company's election) (i) cash, (ii) ADSs or (iii) a combination thereof. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Share Price Condition for the 2017 Notes was triggered and, accordingly, the net carrying amount of these 2017 Notes was presented in current liabilities. The Company may provide additional ADSs upon conversion if there is a "Make-Whole Fundamental Change" in the Company as defined in the indenture governing the 2017 Notes. The 2017 Notes are not redeemable by the Company prior to the maturity date apart from certain cases as set forth in the indenture governing the notes. The Company's intention and ability is to settle the 2017 Notes in cash. On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into the First Supplemental Indenture. In accordance with the First Supplemental Indenture, the Company irrevocably elected cash settlement for the principal and any premium due upon conversion (as defined in the 2017 Indenture) to apply to all conversions of 2017 Notes with an exchange date on or after December 31, 2021. As a result of the requirement to deliver cash to settle the principal and any premium due upon conversion, on December 31, 2021, the Company reclassified from equity to liability the conversion option (a derivative) fair value of $292,940. The conversion option will be no longer eligible for ASC 815 scope exception. Therefore, a derivative accounting for the conversion option will be required. Debt issuance costs of $5,791 attributable to the 2017 Notes are amortized as interest expense over the contractual term of the notes using the effective interest rate. Interest is payable on the debentures semi-annually at the cash coupon rate, however, the remaining debt discount is being amortized as additional non-cash interest expense using an effective annual interest rate equal to the Company's estimated nonconvertible debt borrowing rate at the time of issuance. The Company received notices for conversion of $66 and $195,342 of principal amount of the 2017 Notes in 2020 and 2021, respectively, for which $5 and $177,308 were settled in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The Company paid the note holders the conversion value of the notes in cash. The cash conversion premium payment upon conversion of the 2017 Notes was offset by cash under the convertible bond hedge transactions entered into in connection with the offering of the 2017 Notes. As a result of the conversions, the Company recorded a $13,969 loss on extinguishment of debt calculated as the difference between the estimated fair value of the debt liability and the carrying value liability of the 2017 Notes as of the settlement dates. To measure the fair value of the converted debt liability as of the settlement dates, the applicable interest rates were estimated using Level 2 observable inputs and applied to the converted notes principal amounts. 2020 Notes In August 2020, the Company issued $460,000 aggregate principal amount of Exchangeable Senior Notes (the "2020 Notes" and together with the 2017 Notes, the "Notes") due 2025. In the event that the Share Price Condition is satisfied or in the event of the satisfaction of certain other conditions, during set periods, set forth in the indenture governing the 2020 Notes, the holders of the exchangeable Senior Notes will have the option to exchange the Notes for (at the Company's election) (i) cash, (ii) ADSs or (iii) a combination thereof. On December 31, 2021, the Company irrevocably elected that all conversions occurring on or after December 31, 2021 will be settled pursuant to a Combination Settlement (as defined in the 2020 Indenture) with a Specified Dollar Amount (as defined in the 2020 Indenture) no less than $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of 2020 Notes. Generally, under this settlement method, the conversion value corresponding to the principal amount will be converted in cash, and the conversion value over the principal amount will be settled, at the Company’s election, in cash or shares or a combination thereof. The 2020 Notes are redeemable by the Company on or after September 21, 2023 upon the fulfillment of the Share Price Condition for cash in relation to the principal amount, and the conversion value over the principal amount will be settled, at the Company's election, in (i) cash, (ii) ADSs or (iii) a combination thereof, apart from certain cases as set forth in the indenture governing the Notes. The 2020 Notes do not bear regular interest, however, the remaining debt discount is being amortized as additional non-cash interest expense using an effective annual interest rate equal to the Company's estimated nonconvertible debt borrowing rate at the time of issuance. Debt issuance costs of $7,952 attributable to the 2020 Notes are amortized as interest expense over the contractual term of the 2020 Notes using the effective interest rate. The Company may provide additional ADSs upon conversion if there is a "Make-Whole Fundamental Change" in the Company as defined in the indenture governing the 2020 Notes. The following table summarizes some key facts and terms regarding the outstanding Notes:
| Due 2025 |  | Due 2024
Issuance date | August 27, 2020 |  | January 18, 2017
Maturity date | September 15, 2025 |  | January 15, 2024
Effective conversion date | June 15, 2025 |  | September 15, 2023
Principal amount | $460,000 |  | $110,187
Cash coupon rate (per annum) | —% |  | 1.25%
Conversion rate effective (per $1000 principal amount) | $3.34 |  | $12.05
Effective conversion price (per ADS) | $299.19 |  | $82.96
The carrying values of the liability and equity components of the Notes are reflected in the Company's accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows:
| 2020 Notes |  | 2017 Notes
| December 31, |  | December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Principal | $ | 460,000 |  |  | $ | 460,000 |  |  | $ | 110,187 |  |  | $ | 287,495 |
Conversion option (Level 2) | — |  |  |  |  | 292,940 |  |  |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt issuance costs, net of amortization | (5,975) |  |  | (7,460) |  |  | (780) |  |  | (2,914) |
Unamortized discount | (24,758) |  |  | (31,203) |  |  | (6,401) |  |  | (24,700) |
Net liability carrying amount | $ | 429,267 |  |  | $ | 421,337 |  |  | $ | 395,946 |  |  | $ | 259,881 |
Equity component - net carrying value | $ | 32,746 |  |  | $ | 32,746 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,176 |
As of December 31, 2021, the estimated fair value of the 2017 Notes and the 2020 Notes which the Company has classified as Level 2 financial instruments are $405,410 ($933,695 as of December 31, 2020) and $554,410 ($520,485 as of December 31, 2020), respectively. The estimated fair value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the Exchangeable Senior Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period. As of December 31, 2021, the difference between the net carrying amount of the 2020 Exchangeable Senior Notes and estimated fair value represents mainly the equity conversion value premium the market assigned to these Notes. Based on the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2021, the if-converted value of the Exchangeable Senior Notes exceeded the principal amount. Interest expense related to the Notes is reflected on the accompanying consolidated statements of income as follows:
| 2020 Notes |  | 2017 Notes
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Amortization of debt issuance costs | $ | 1,485 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 608 |  |  | $ | 820 |  |  | $ | 753 |
Non-cash amortization of debt discount | 6,471 |  |  | 2,165 |  |  | 5,986 |  |  | 7,483 |  |  | 7,153 |
Interest expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,891 |  |  | 3,594 |  |  | 3,594 |
Loss in respect of convertible loan extinguishment | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,969 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total interest expense recognized | $ | 7,956 |  |  | $ | 2,657 |  |  | $ | 22,454 |  |  | $ | 11,897 |  |  | $ | 11,500 |
Effective interest rate | 1.87 | % |  | 1.87 | % |  | 4.68 | % |  | 4.68 | % |  | 4.68 | %
Exchangeable notes hedge transactions In connection with the pricing of the 2017 Notes, the Company has entered into privately negotiated exchangeable note hedge transactions with some of the initial purchasers and/or their respective affiliates (the "Option Counterparties"). Subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 2017 Notes, the exchangeable note hedge transactions cover the number of ADSs will initially underline the 2017 Notes. The note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount, in each case, upon any exchange of the 2017 Notes. A portion of the call-options can be settled upon a surrender of the same amounts of Notes by a holder. As stated above, the Company irrevocably elected cash settlement to apply to all conversions of 2017 Notes with an exchange date that occurs on or after December 31, 2021. Conversion notices received on and after December 31, 2021 relating to the 2017 Notes will be fully settled in cash, and amounts paid in excess of the principal amount will be offset by an equal receipt of cash under the convertible bond hedge. As a result of the irrevocable cash election, on December 31, 2021, the Company reclassified from equity to derivative asset the remaining bond hedge fair value of $292,940 (Level 2). Concurrently with the Company's entry into the exchangeable note hedge transactions, the Company has entered into warrant transactions with the Option Counterparties relating to the same number of ADSs (3,457,475), with a strike price of $101.82 per ADS, subject to customary anti‑dilution adjustments. The warrants are exercisable for a period of three months as of the 2017 Notes' maturity date. The warrants are classified to equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The warrants have a dilutive effect as the market price per ordinary share exceeds the applicable exercise price of the warrants, as measured under the terms of the warrant transactions.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -Subparagraph (h) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1C -Subparagraph (c) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1I -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1I -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -Subparagraph (g) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1C -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1C -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1E -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1I -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -Subparagraph (i) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 + Details
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