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Income taxes
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Income taxes
NOTE 11 – Income taxes:
In the first quarter of 2023, Teva recognized a tax benefit of $19 million, on
pre-tax
loss of $258 million. In the first quarter of 2022, Teva recognized a tax expense of $2 million, on
pre-tax
loss of $971 million. Teva’s tax rate for the first quarter of 2023 was mainly affected by legal settlements, impairments, amortization and interest expense disallowances.
The statutory Israeli corporate tax rate is 23%
 in 2023. Teva’s tax rate differs from the Israeli statutory tax rate, mainly due to generation of profits in various jurisdictions in which tax rates are different than the Israeli tax rate, interest expense disallowances, tax benefits in Israel and other countries, as well as infrequent or non-recurring items. 
Teva filed a claim seeking the refund of withholding taxes paid to the Indian tax authorities in 2012. A trial for this case is currently scheduled to begin in July 2023. A final and binding decision against Teva in this case may lead to a charge of $
128 million.
The Israeli tax authorities (“ITA”) issued tax assessment decrees for 2008-2011, 2012 and 2013-2016, challenging the Company’s positions on several issues. Teva has protested the 2008-2011, 2012 and 2013-2016 decrees before the Central District Court in Israel. On April 17, 2023, the ITA issued a tax assessment for 2017-2020, challenging the Company’s positions on several issues. The Company intends to challenge the tax assessment for 2017-2020, as well.
In October 2021, the Central District Court in Israel held in favor of the ITA with respect to 2008-2011 decrees. The case with respect to 2012-2016 remains pending with similar legal and other claims. Teva appealed this decision to the Israeli Supreme Court and expects the appeal hearing to begin in the second half of 2023. The tax liability resulting from the October 2021 Central District Court decision, with respect to the decrees for 2008-2011 and with regard to the similar legal claims in the related following years, was approximately $350 million, of which a portion has been and will continue to be paid during 2022 and 2023.
The Company believes it has adequately provided for all of its uncertain tax positions, including those items currently under dispute, however, adverse results could be material.