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Goodwill
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill
NOTE 6 – Goodwill:
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the period ended September 30, 2023 were as follows:

 
  
North America
 
 
Europe
 
 
International
Markets
 
 
Other
 
 
Total
 
 
 
Teva’s API
 
 
Medis
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
(U.S. $ in millions)
 
Balance as of December 31, 2022 (1)
   $ 6,450     $ 8,302     $ 1,339     $ 1,293     $ 249     $ 17,633  
Changes during the period:
                                                
Goodwill impairment
     —        —        (700     —        —        (700
Goodwill reclassified as assets held for sale
     —        —        (19     —        —        (19
Translation differences
     (1     (47     27       (5     (3     (29
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance as of September 30, 2023 (1)
   $ 6,449     $ 8,255     $ 647     $ 1,288     $ 246     $ 16,885  
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 

(1)
Cumulative goodwill impairment as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was approximately $28.3 billion and $27.6 billion, respectively. 
Teva operates its business through three reporting segments: North America, Europe and International Markets. Each of these business segments is a reporting unit. Additional reporting units include Teva’s production and sale of APIs to third parties (“Teva API”) and an
out-licensing
platform offering a portfolio of products to other pharmaceutical companies through its affiliate Medis. Teva’s API and Medis reporting units are included under “Other” in the table above. See note 15 for additional segment information.
Teva determines the fair value of its reporting units using the income approach. The income approach is a forward-looking approach for estimating fair value. Within the income approach, the method used is the discounted cash flow method. Teva begins with a forecast of all the expected net cash flows associated with the reporting unit, which includes the application of a terminal value, and then applies a discount rate to arrive at a net present value amount. Cash flow projections are based on Teva’s estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), adjusted for the relevant risk associated with country-specific and business-specific characteristics. If any of these expectations were to vary materially from Teva’s assumptions, Teva may record an impairment of goodwill allocated to these reporting units in the future.
First Quarter Developments
During the first quarter of 2023, management evaluated whether there were any developments that occurred during the quarter to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair value of any of its reporting units was below its carrying amount as of March 31, 2023. Management concluded that no triggering event had occurred and, therefore, no quantitative assessment was performed.
Following the goodwill impairment charges recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022 in relation to Teva’s International Markets and Teva’s API reporting units, the carrying values of those reporting units equaled their fair value as of December 31, 2022. Additionally, as part of the quantitative analysis Teva conducted as part of its annual goodwill impairment test in the second quarter of 2022, it concluded that the estimated fair value of Teva’s Europe reporting unit exceeded its estimated carrying amount by
 
9
%.
Second Quarter Developments
Pursuant to Company policy, Teva conducted the annual goodwill impairment test for all reporting units during the second quarter of 2023. Management considered all information available, including information gathered from its latest long-range planning (“LRP”) process and annual operating plan (“AOP”), which are parts of Teva’s internal financial planning and budgeting processes, as well as Teva’s newly launched “Pivot to Growth” strategy (“Teva’s Strategy”). The LRP, the AOP and Teva’s Strategy were discussed and reviewed by Teva’s management and its board of directors.
Additionally, Teva conducted a quantitative analysis of all reporting units as part of its annual goodwill impairment test with the assistance of an independent valuation expert.
 

Based on this quantitative analysis, in the second quarter of 2023, Teva recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $700 million related to its International Markets reporting unit, mainly due to an increase in the discount rate due to higher risk associated with country-specific characteristics of several countries.
Following the goodwill impairment charge recorded in relation to Teva’s International Markets reporting unit, the carrying value of this reporting unit equaled its fair value as of June 30, 2023. Therefore, if business conditions or expectations were to change materially, it may be necessary to record further impairment charges to Teva’s International Markets reporting unit in the future.
The excess of the estimated fair value of Teva’s API reporting unit over its estimated carrying amount as of June 30, 2023, was negligible. Therefore, if business conditions or expectations were to change materially, it may be necessary to record impairment charges to Teva’s API reporting unit in the future.
The estimated fair value of Teva’s Europe reporting unit exceeds its estimated carrying amount by 3% based on a terminal growth rate of 1.56% and a discount rate of 9.96%. If Teva holds all other assumptions constant, a reduction in the terminal growth rate of 0.25% to 1.31% or an increase in the discount rate of 0.25% to 10.21% would result in a reduction of the excess of fair value over carrying amount with respect to Teva’s Europe reporting unit to 1%.
Teva’s North America and Medis reporting units have fair values in excess of 10% over their respective book values as of June 30, 2023.
Teva noted its market capitalization has been below management’s assessment of the aggregated fair value of the Company’s reporting units. However, as of June 30, 2023, the Company’s market capitalization plus a reasonable control premium exceeded its book value.
Third Quarter Developments
During the third quarter of 2023, management evaluated whether there were any developments that occurred during the quarter to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair value of any of its reporting units was below its carrying amount as of September 30, 2023. Management concluded that no triggering event had occurred and, therefore, no quantitative assessment was performed.