v3.22.0.1
Income Taxes​
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
(Benefit) Provision for income taxes. The components of (loss) income before income taxes were as follows:
For the year ended December 31,202120202019
Domestic - United States$(611)$(126)$64 
Foreign152 18 51 
$(459)$(108)$115 
(Benefit) Provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
For the year ended December 31,202120202019
Current:
Foreign$36 $13 $16 
U.S. state and local2 4 3 
38 17 19 
Deferred:
U.S. federal*(86)(12)(83)
Foreign(2)4 11 
U.S. state and local(12)(8)(9)
(100)(16)(81)
Total$(62)$1 $(62)
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*    Includes U.S. income taxes related to foreign income. Also, in 2020, the Deferred amount includes a $21 charge related to income generated by the Company prior to the Separation Date that was included in ParentCo’s 2020 tax return.
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to Arconic’s effective tax rate was as follows (the effective tax rate was a benefit on loss in 2021, a provision on loss in 2020, and a benefit on income in 2019):
For the year ended December 31,202120202019
U.S. federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Taxes on foreign operations - rate differential0.1 (4.8)(6.0)
Other taxes related to foreign operations(1)
(5.0)(9.4)23.5 
U.S. state and local taxes, including federal benefit2.6 3.3 (2.6)
Statutory tax rate and law changes
(0.3)(2.1)— 
Changes in valuation allowances(0.9)(7.3)30.4 
Non-taxable income - indemnification liability(2)
0.4 3.8 — 
Subsidiary recapitalizations and reorganizations(3)
(1.1)(3.9)(121.8)
Impairment of goodwill(3.0)— — 
Non-deductible costs related to the Separation (A)
— (2.2)3.5 
Other(0.3)0.7 (1.9)
Effective tax rate13.5 %(0.9)%(53.9)%
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(1)In 2021 and 2019, this line item includes the impact of incremental income tax expense of $11 and $35, respectively, related to foreign operations that generated income subject to the global intangible low-taxed income inclusion under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.
(2)In 2020, this line item reflects the impact of the absence of income tax expense for non-taxable income generated by the reversal of a liability previously established at the Separation Date related to a potential indemnification to Howmet Aerospace by Arconic for an outstanding income tax matter in Spain (see Note G).
(3)In 2019, this line item represents the impact of a $140 net tax benefit related to a U.S. tax election that resulted in the deemed liquidation of a foreign subsidiary's assets into its U.S. tax parent.
Deferred income taxes. The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the underlying attributes without regard to jurisdiction were as follows:
20212020
December 31,Deferred
tax
assets		Deferred
tax
liabilities		Deferred
tax
assets		Deferred
tax
liabilities
Employee benefits$331 $— $503 $3 
Tax loss carryforwards206 — 167 — 
Deferred income/expense*
47 — 6 80 
Interest44 — 15 — 
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities30 30 37 37 
Loss provisions24 — 42 — 
Inventory accounting method change*
— 97 — — 
Depreciation13 267 13 256 
Other17 11 2 4 
$712 $405 $785 $380 
Valuation allowance(90)— (91)— 
$622 $405 $694 $380 
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*    In 2021, an accounting method change was filed to revoke the U.S. tax LIFO election. In 2020, the deferred tax liability associated with the U.S. tax LIFO election was presented as Deferred Income/expense.
The following table details the expiration periods of the deferred tax assets presented above:
December 31, 2021Expires
within
10 years		Expires
within
11-20 years
No expiration(1)
Other(2)
Total
Tax loss carryforwards$34 $30 $142 $— $206 
Employee benefits— — — 331 331 
Other— 2 44 129 175 
Valuation allowance(32)(6)(5)(47)(90)
$2 $26 $181 $413 $622 
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(1)Deferred tax assets with no expiration may still have annual limitations on utilization.
(2)Employee benefits will become deductible for tax purposes over an extended period of time as contributions are made to employee benefit plans and payments are made to participants. Other represents deferred tax assets whose expiration is dependent upon the reversal of the underlying temporary difference.
The total deferred tax asset (net of valuation allowance) is supported by projections of future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences (65%) and taxable temporary differences that reverse within the carryforward period (35%).
The following table details the changes in the valuation allowance:
December 31,202120202019
Balance at beginning of year$91 $113 $107 
Establishment of new allowances(1)
3 — — 
Net change to existing allowances(2)
(3)(16)18 
Separation-related adjustments— 22 — 
Acquisitions and divestitures— (31)— 
Release of allowances— — (11)
Foreign currency translation(1)3 (1)
Balance at end of year$90 $91 $113 
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(1)This line item reflects valuation allowances initially established as a result of a change in management’s judgement regarding the realizability of deferred tax assets.
(2)This line item reflects movements in previously established valuation allowances, which increase or decrease as the related deferred tax assets increase or decrease. Such movements occur as a result of remeasurement due to a tax rate change and changes in the underlying attributes of the deferred tax assets, including expiration of the attribute and reversal of the temporary difference that gave rise to the deferred tax assets.
Undistributed net earnings. Foreign undistributed net earnings that have not otherwise previously been subject to U.S. tax are generally exempt from U.S. tax if repatriated in the future. Such future distributions, as well as distributions of previously taxed foreign earnings, may be subject to U.S. state and/or foreign withholding taxes in certain jurisdictions. Also, foreign currency gains/losses related to the translation of previously taxed foreign earnings from the functional currency to the U.S. dollar may be subject to U.S. tax if such earnings were to be distributed in the future. At this time, Management has no plans to repatriate such earnings in the foreseeable future, as the Company has several commitments and obligations related to its operations in various foreign jurisdictions. Management continuously evaluates the Company’s local and global cash needs for future business operations and anticipated debt facilities, which may influence future repatriation decisions. If such earnings were to be distributed in the future, management does not expect the potential U.S. state and/or foreign withholding taxes to be material to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Uncertain tax positions. Arconic and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in various U.S. federal, U.S. state, and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, Arconic’s U.S. operations were included in the income tax filings of ParentCo’s U.S. consolidated tax group through March 31, 2020. ParentCo’s U.S. federal income tax filings have been examined for all periods through 2020. In 2021, the Company’s U.S. consolidated tax group filed a nine-month (April 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020) U.S. federal income tax return which is subject to income tax examination. For U.S. state and foreign income tax purposes, Arconic and its subsidiaries remain subject to income tax examinations for the 2014 tax year and forward.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) was as follows:
December 31,202120202019
Balance at beginning of year$23 $21 $18 
Additions for tax positions of prior years1 — 4 
Foreign currency translation(2)2 (1)
Balance at end of year$22 $23 $21 
Unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would not impact the annual effective tax rate for 2021, 2020, and 2019. Management does not anticipate that changes in the Company's unrecognized tax benefits will have a material impact on the Statement of Consolidated Operations during 2022.
It is Arconic’s policy to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of the Benefit (Provision) for income taxes on the accompanying Statement of Consolidated Operations. In 2021, 2020, and 2019, Arconic did not recognize any interest or penalties. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, no interest and penalties were accrued.