As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
July 12, 2007
Registration
No. 333-
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Approach Resources
Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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1311
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51-0424817
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(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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6300 Ridglea Place,
Suite 1107
Fort Worth, Texas
76116
(817) 989-9000
(Address, including zip code,
and telephone number, including
area code, of registrants
principal executive offices)
J. Ross Craft
President and Chief Executive
Officer
6300 Ridglea Place,
Suite 1107
Fort Worth, Texas
76116
(817) 989-9000
(Name, address, including zip
code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for
service)
Copies to:
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Joe Dannenmaier
Thompson & Knight LLP
1700 Pacific Avenue, Suite 3300
Dallas, Texas 75201
(214) 969-1700
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Gerald S.
Tanenbaum, Esq.
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
80 Pine Street
New York, New York 10005
(212) 701-3000
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As soon as practicable after
this Registration Statement is declared effective.
(Approximate date of
commencement of proposed sale to the public)
If any securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
Securities Act), check the following
box. o
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION
FEE
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Proposed
maximum
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aggregate
offering
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Amount of
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Title of each
class of Securities to be registered
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price(1)(2)
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registration
fee
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Common stock, par value $0.01 per
share
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$132,250,000
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$4,061
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(1)
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Estimated solely for the purpose of
calculating the registration fee under Rule 457(o) under
the Securities Act.
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(2)
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Includes common stock issuable upon
exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional
shares of common stock.
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The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this registration statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act or until this registration statement shall
become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant
to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The
information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and
may be changed. We and the selling stockholder may not sell
these securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This
preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell and it is not
soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction
where the offer or sale is not permitted.
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Subject to
completion, dated July 12, 2007
Prospectus
shares
Approach Resources
Inc.
Common stock
Approach Resources Inc. is
selling shares
of common stock, and the selling stockholder identified in this
prospectus is selling an
additional shares.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the
shares by the selling stockholder. This is the initial public
offering of our common stock. The estimated initial public
offering price is between $ and
$ per share.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. We intend to apply to have our common stock listed
on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol AREX.
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Per
share
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Total
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Initial public offering price
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$
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$
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Underwriting discount
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$
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$
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Proceeds to Approach Resources
Inc., before expenses
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$
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$
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Proceeds to selling stockholder,
before expenses(1)
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$
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$
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(1)
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Expenses associated with the
offering, other than underwriting discounts, will be paid by us.
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We and the selling stockholder have granted the underwriters an
option for a period of 30 days to purchase up
to
additional shares of our common stock from us and up
to
additional shares of our common stock from the selling
stockholder on the same terms and conditions set forth above to
cover over-allotments, if any.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.
See Risk factors beginning on page 13.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this
prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to
investors
on ,
2007.
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| Book running
manager |
Joint lead
manager |
,
2007
Table of
contents
You should rely only on the information contained in this
prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with
information different from that contained in this prospectus. We
are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our
common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are
permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is
accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of
the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our
common stock.
No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United
States to permit a public offering of the common stock or
possession or distribution of this prospectus in that
jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this
prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are
required to inform themselves about and to observe any
restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this
prospectus applicable to those jurisdictions.
i
The market data and certain other statistical information used
throughout this prospectus are based on independent industry
publications, governmental publications, reports by market
research firms or other independent sources. Some data are also
based on our good faith estimates. Although we believe these
third-party sources are reliable, we have not independently
verified the information and cannot guarantee its accuracy and
completeness.
The numbers contained in this prospectus relating to our gross
and net leasehold acreage have been rounded to the nearest
thousand acres.
We have filed an application for registration of a service mark
for Approach Resources Inc. Other products, services
and company names mentioned in this prospectus are the service
marks/trademarks of their respective owners.
ii
Prospectus
summary
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in
this prospectus. Because this section is only a summary, it does
not contain all of the information that may be important to you
or that you should consider before making an investment
decision. For a more complete understanding of this offering, we
encourage you to read this entire prospectus, including the
information contained under the heading Risk
factors. You should read the following summary together
with the more detailed information, pro forma financial
information and combined financial information and the notes
thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. In this
prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms
Approach Resources, Approach,
we, us and our refer to the
combined operations of Approach Resources Inc. and Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. and their respective subsidiaries on a
pro forma basis after giving effect to the acquisition by
Approach Resources Inc. from Neo Canyon Exploration, L.P. of the
30% working interest in the Ozona Northeast field that Approach
does not already own, which we refer to as the Neo Canyon
interest.
Approach
Resources Inc.
Overview
We are an independent energy company engaged in the exploration,
development, exploitation, production and acquisition of
unconventional natural gas and oil properties. Our principal
operations are located in the Ozona Northeast field in West
Texas, where we originally acquired approximately
28,000 gross (27,000 net) acres of leasehold interests in
2004. Since that time, through a series of strategic leasehold
acquisitions, we have increased our West Texas acreage to
67,000 gross (52,000 net) acres located in the Ozona
Northeast field and our nearby Cinco Terry project. Our
management team has extensive experience finding and exploiting
unconventional reservoirs, particularly tight gas sands like
Ozona Northeast, by applying advanced completion, fracturing and
drilling techniques. Substantially all of our growth has been
through our own drilling efforts. Since 2004, we have added
approximately 149 Bcfe of proved gas and oil reserves from
unconventional reservoir formations.
At December 31, 2006, all of our proved reserves and
production were located in West Texas and substantially all of
those reserves and production were located in the Ozona
Northeast field. As of such date, we owned working interests in
241 gross (226 net) producing wells with an average net
production of approximately 22 MMcfe/d for the month of
December 2006. At December 31, 2006, our total proved gas
and oil reserves were approximately 149 Bcfe with a reserve
life index of approximately 19 years. Our proved reserves
are 94% gas and 51% proved developed. As the operator of
substantially all of our proved reserves, we have a high degree
of control over capital expenditures and other operating
matters. As of December 31, 2006, we had identified a total
of 795 drilling locations, of which 668 were located in the
Ozona Northeast field and 127 in our Cinco Terry project.
Our growth efforts are focused primarily on finding and
developing natural gas reserves in known tight gas sands and
shale areas onshore in the United States. Since May 2006, we
have acquired leasehold interests covering 74,000 gross
(44,000 net) acres in Western Kentucky and 90,000 gross
(81,000 net) acres in Northern New Mexico. In total we have
assembled leasehold interests of 231,000 gross (177,000
net) acres in our three operating areas West Texas
1
(Wolfcamp, Canyon Sands and Ellenburger), Western Kentucky (New
Albany Shale) and Northern New Mexico (Mancos Shale).
The following table sets forth a summary of our estimated proved
reserves and net average production attributable to our
principal areas of operation as of December 31, 2006.
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Estimated proved
reserves
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Proved
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Net average
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Total
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developed
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PV-10(1)
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production
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(Bcfe)
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(Bcfe)
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(millions)
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(MMcfe/d)
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Ozona Northeast
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147.0
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74.9
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$
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175.7
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21.9
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Cinco Terry
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1.8
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0.9
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4.2
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0.3
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Western Kentucky
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Northern New Mexico
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Total
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148.8
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75.8
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$
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179.9
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22.2
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(1)
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PV-10
is a non-GAAP financial measure and generally differs from the
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, the
most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does
not include the effects of income taxes on future net revenues.
See Selected historical combined financial
dataReconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures
for our definition of
PV-10 and a
reconciliation of
PV-10 to the
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Our
calculation of
PV-10 set
forth in this table is based on gas and oil and condensate
prices actually received by us on December 31, 2006, held
flat for the life of the reserves. The weighted average price
over the life of the Ozona Northeast reserves was $6.55 per Mcf
of gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil. The weighted average price
over the life of the Cinco Terry reserves was $5.65 per Mcf of
gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil.
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The following table sets forth a summary of our net acreage
leasehold and estimated capital budget attributable to our
principal areas of operation as of May 31, 2007, as well as
identified drilling locations as of December 31, 2006. We
currently anticipate drilling 60 wells in 2007, at an
estimated total cost of $44.9 million.
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Identified
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Capital
budget(2)
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Net acreage
leasehold
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drilling
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2007
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2008
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Developed
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Undeveloped
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Total
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locations(1)
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(millions)
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(millions)
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Ozona Northeast
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27,000
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17,000
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44,000
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668
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$
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34.3
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$
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50.5
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Cinco Terry
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1,000
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7,000
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8,000
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127
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2.2
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4.1
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Western Kentucky
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44,000
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44,000
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4.6
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6.6
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Northern New Mexico
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81,000
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81,000
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3.8
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4.5
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Total
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28,000
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149,000
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177,000
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795
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$
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44.9
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$
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65.7
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(1)
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Identified drilling locations
represent total gross locations specifically identified by
management as an estimate of our future multi-year drilling
inventory on existing acreage. Of the total locations shown in
the table, 203 are classified as proved. As of May 31,
2007, we had completed drilling 17 locations shown in the table,
including 15 proved undeveloped locations. Our actual drilling
activities may change depending on gas and oil prices, the
availability of capital, costs, drilling results, regulatory
approvals and other factors. See Risk factorsRisks
related to our business.
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(2)
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An additional $4.4 million and
$800,000 for 2007 and 2008, respectively, budgeted for lease
acquisition, geophysical and geologic costs is not reflected
here.
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2
Areas of
operation
West
Texas
Ozona
Northeast field (Canyon Sands)
The Ozona Northeast field, in Crockett and Schleicher counties,
Texas, is our largest operating area on the basis of proved
reserves and production. The Canyon Sands of the Val Verde Basin
in West Texas are located in a prolific tight gas reservoir with
more than 11,800 total productive wells and cumulative
historical production of more than 3.8 Tcfe over more than
50 years. In 2004, we began operations in the field through
a farmout arrangement and have increased our total acreage
position to 45,000 gross (44,000 net) acres. Beginning with
our first well in February 2004, through December 31, 2006,
we have drilled 237 successful wells out of 250 total wells
drilled, which is a 95% success rate. As of December 31,
2006, we had 237 producing wells with proved reserves of
147 Bcfe. From 2004 through 2006, as a result of our own
drilling efforts, we achieved a compound annual production
growth rate of over 100%. We have identified 668 additional
drilling locations in the field, and we estimate that completed
costs per location currently are approximately $770,000, based
on current markets for drilling services and equipment.
Additionally, we own and operate 65 miles of gas gathering
lines in the area that transport our gas to several regional
pipeline systems.
Cinco Terry
project (Wolfcamp, Canyon Sands and Ellenburger)
Since late 2005, we have leased and acquired options to lease
22,000 gross (8,000 net) acres five miles west of the Ozona
Northeast field to evaluate the Wolfcamp, Canyon and Ellenburger
formations. As of May 31, 2007, we had drilled and
completed three Canyon wells and one Ellenburger well at a total
cost of $5.9 million gross and $3.0 million net. As of
December 31, 2006, we had proved reserves in the Cinco
Terry project of 1.8 Bcfe. Wolfcamp wells in this area have
demonstrated significant commercial production, and we are
evaluating the formation for possible horizontal completions.
Based upon data collected in the process of drilling the Canyon
and Ellenburger wells, we believe we could achieve additional
success in the shallower Wolfcamp formation. We own and operate
seven miles of gas gathering lines in the area that transport
our gas to several regional pipeline systems.
Western
Kentucky
Boomerang
prospect (New Albany Shale)
Our Boomerang prospect is a 74,000 gross (44,000 net)
acre New Albany Shale play located in Western Kentucky in
an under-explored area of the Illinois Basin. We believe the
attributes of the New Albany Shale in the Boomerang prospect
make it a promising resource play, particularly with the
introduction of horizontal drilling technology. In the first
quarter of 2007, we drilled three vertical test wells. We have
contracted to have core samples from these three wells analyzed.
We expect to begin the horizontal completion of these three test
wells in the third quarter of 2007. After evaluating the results
of our initial drilling and completion activities, we will
determine our development program in this prospect.
3
Northern New
Mexico
El Vado East
prospect (Mancos Shale)
Our El Vado East prospect is a 90,000 gross (81,000 net)
acre Mancos Shale play located in the Chama Basin in
Northern New Mexico in close proximity to several highly
productive fields, including the West and East Puerto Chiquito
fields and the Boulder field, which collectively have produced
in excess of 18 MMBoe of oil. Although our primary
objective in the El Vado East prospect is the Mancos Shale,
finding commercial production in the Dakota, Morrison, Todilto
and Entrada formations is a secondary objective. We expect that
in the third quarter of 2007 we will spud the first of four
vertical test wells to be identified and drilled in the El Vado
East prospect. Depending on the initial results of these wells,
we may elect to shoot
3-D seismic
over a portion of this prospect at locations which have yet to
be identified.
Strategy
Our strategy is to increase stockholder value by profitably
growing our reserves, production, cash flow and earnings using a
balanced program of (1) developing existing properties,
(2) exploring and exploiting undeveloped properties,
(3) completing strategic acquisitions and
(4) maintaining financial flexibility. The following are
key elements of our strategy:
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Continue to develop our existing West Texas properties.
We intend to develop further the significant remaining
potential of our West Texas properties, where we have identified
795 drilling locations. From 2004 through 2006, we drilled
257 wells in our West Texas fields, making us one of the top ten
most active drillers in West Texas and the second most active
driller in the Canyon Sands during that time period.
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Pursue unconventional gas and oil
opportunities. With our Boomerang and El Vado East
prospects, we have 164,000 gross acres of unexplored shale
gas and oil inventory to explore and produce. We seek to add
proved reserves and production from these properties through the
application of advanced technologies, including horizontal
drilling and advanced completion techniques.
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Acquire strategic assets. We continually review
opportunities to acquire producing properties, undeveloped
acreage and drilling prospects. We focus particularly on
opportunities where we believe our reservoir management and
operational expertise in unconventional gas and oil properties
will enhance value and performance. We remain focused on
unconventional resource opportunities, but also look at
conventional opportunities based on individual project economics.
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Operate our properties as a low cost producer. We
strive to minimize our operating costs by concentrating our
assets within geographic areas where we can consolidate
operating control and thus create operating efficiencies. We are
the operator of substantially all of our producing properties
and plan to continue to operate substantially all of our
producing properties in the future. Operating control allows us
to better manage timing and risk as well as the cost of
exploration and development, drilling and ongoing operations.
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4
Competitive
strengths
We believe our historical success is, and future performance
will be, directly related to the following combination of
strengths that enable us to implement our strategy:
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Experienced executive and technical team with significant
employee ownership. The members of our executive and
technical team (including our Chief Executive Officer) have an
average of more than 26 years of experience in the oil and
gas industry and significant experience in building and managing
independent oil and gas companies. The majority of our executive
and technical team have spent their entire careers developing
unconventional gas and oil properties. Our team has a proven
record of analyzing complex structural and stratigraphic
formations using
3-D seismic
and geological techniques, producing and optimizing gas
reservoirs and drilling and completing unconventional gas
reservoirs. Our management team and employees will own
approximately % of our common stock
after this offering, aligning their objectives with those of our
stockholders.
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Low risk, multi-year drilling inventory. We have
identified 795 drillable, low to moderate risk locations on our
West Texas properties, providing us with approximately
10 years of drilling inventory at our current drilling
rate. Our technical teams ability to locate and execute on
repeatable low-risk drilling opportunities in our large and
productive West Texas acreage holdings has helped us to achieve
a drilling success rate of 94% since our inception.
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Stable producing asset base. We own an operated
asset base comprising of long-lived reserves. Approximately 94%
of our reserves are gas, and all of our proved reserves are
located in West Texas. These properties should produce stable
cash flows to fund our development, exploitation and exploration
opportunities.
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Large acreage positions. We are a significant
acreage holder in each of our three primary operating areas with
an aggregate leasehold position of 231,000 gross (177,000
net) acres. We believe we have assembled a portfolio of
properties, both in prolific producing gas and oil fields and in
under-explored reservoirs, that would be difficult to replicate.
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Operated asset base. We operate substantially all of
our estimated reserves. By maintaining operating control, we are
able to more effectively control our expenses, capital
allocation and the timing and method of exploitation and
development of our properties.
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Low cost structure. Our reserve potential in our
operating areas, our technical expertise and our high rate of
drilling success have allowed us to achieve relatively low
finding and development costs. Since our inception and through
December 31, 2006, we have invested approximately
$200 million to drill and complete 241 wells in our
West Texas operating areas, achieving an average finding and
development cost of $1.38 per Mcfe. See
BusinessHistorical finding and development
costs. During the same time period, our lease operating
costs, including production taxes, averaged $0.91 per Mcfe.
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Financial flexibility. Upon the completion of this
offering, we expect to have approximately
$ million in cash, no
long-term debt and at least
$ million available for
borrowings under our revolving credit facility, providing us
with significant financial flexibility to pursue our business
strategy.
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Control of gathering infrastructure and gas
marketing. We own and operate approximately
72 miles of gas gathering lines in West Texas. Owning and
operating this infrastructure allows
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us to maintain greater control of our gathering pressures and to
minimize down time associated with the system.
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Risk
factors
There are a number of risks that could limit our competitive
strengths or ability to successfully implement our business
strategies, including the speculative nature of gas and oil
exploration, competition, volatile gas and oil prices and the
other risks described in this prospectus. In addition, while we
may implement our business strategies, the benefits derived from
such implementation may be mitigated, in whole or in part, if we
suffer from one or more of the risks described in Risk
factors.
Our
structure
Approach Resources Inc. was formed as a Delaware corporation in
September 2002. Our operations are currently conducted by two
separate entities under common control, Approach Resources Inc.
and Approach Oil & Gas Inc. Pursuant to a contribution
agreement, the operations of Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
will be combined under Approach Resources Inc., and we also will
acquire the Neo Canyon interest immediately prior to the closing
of this offering. For more information about our restructuring
and our acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest, please read
Certain relationships and related party
transactionsThe contribution agreement.
Our executive
offices
Our principal executive offices are located at 6300 Ridglea
Place, Suite 1107, Fort Worth, Texas 76116. Our
telephone number is
(817) 989-9000.
6
The
offering
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Common stock offered by us
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shares |
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Common stock offered by the selling stockholder
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shares |
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Common stock to be outstanding after this offering
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shares |
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Use of proceeds
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We expect to receive net proceeds from the sale of shares
offered by us, after deducting estimated offering expenses and
underwriting discounts, of approximately
$ million, based on an
assumed offering price of $ per
share (the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front
cover of this prospectus). We intend to use the net proceeds of
this offering to repay approximately
$ million outstanding under
our revolving credit facility, to
repurchase shares of our
common stock held by Neo Canyon Exploration, L.P. at a purchase
price of
$ million
and the remainder for general corporate purposes, including
exploration and development activities, gas and oil reserve and
leasehold acquisitions in the ordinary course of business and
for working capital. We will not receive any proceeds from the
sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholder.
See Use of proceeds. |
| |
|
Dividend policy
|
|
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common
stock. See Dividend policy. |
| |
|
Risk factors
|
|
For a discussion of factors you should consider in making an
investment, see Risk factors. |
| |
|
Proposed NASDAQ Global Market symbol
|
|
AREX |
| |
|
Other information about this prospectus
|
|
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the information in this
prospectus: |
| |
|
|
|
is adjusted to reflect
a
for
stock split of our shares of common stock to be effected in the
form of a stock dividend concurrent with the consummation of
this offering;
|
| |
|
|
|
assumes no exercise of the underwriters option
to purchase additional shares of our common stock to cover
over-allotments, if any; and
|
| |
|
|
|
assumes an initial public offering price of
$ , which is the mid-point of the
range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus.
|
7
Summary combined
historical and combined
pro forma financial data
The following table sets forth our summary historical combined
and combined pro forma financial and operating data as of the
dates and for the periods shown. Our operations are currently
conducted by two separate operating entities under common
control, Approach Resources Inc. and Approach Oil &
Gas Inc. Pursuant to a contribution agreement, the operations of
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. will be combined under
Approach Resources Inc., and we also will acquire the Neo Canyon
interest immediately prior to the closing of this offering. The
amounts for each historical annual period presented below were
derived from the audited combined financial statements of
Approach Resources Inc. and Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
included in this prospectus. The combined pro forma financial
information gives effect to our acquisition of the Neo Canyon
interest. The combined pro forma balance sheet assumes that the
acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest occurred as of
March 31, 2007, and the combined pro forma statements of
operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the
three months ended March 31, 2007 assume that the
acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest occurred on the first day
of the respective period. The combined pro forma balance sheet
and the combined pro forma statement of operations were derived
by adjusting the historical combined financial statements of
Approach Resources Inc. and Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
These adjustments are based on currently available information
and certain estimates and assumptions, and, therefore, the
actual effects of the acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest may
differ from the effects reflected in the combined pro forma
financial statements. However, management believes that the
assumptions provide a reasonable basis for presenting the
significant effects of this transaction as contemplated and that
the pro forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those
assumptions. The pro forma financial information is not
necessarily indicative of the financial condition or results of
operations of Approach Resources Inc. had the contribution and
the acquisitions taken place on the assumed dates and should not
be viewed as indicative of operations in the future. The
following information should be read in conjunction with
Capitalization, Managements discussion
and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations and the historical combined and combined pro
forma financial statements included in this prospectus.
8
| |
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Pro
forma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
ended
|
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|
Year ended
|
|
|
ended
|
|
(in thousands,
except shares and per
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
share
data)
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited
|
)
|
|
|
(unaudited
|
)
|
|
|
(unaudited
|
)
|
|
|
(unaudited
|
)
|
|
Statement of operations
data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
$
|
5,682
|
|
|
$
|
40,339
|
|
|
$
|
52,894
|
|
|
$
|
15,680
|
|
|
$
|
11,547
|
|
|
$
|
72,452
|
|
|
$
|
15,349
|
|
|
Overhead and services income
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
408
|
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
5,813
|
|
|
|
40,747
|
|
|
|
53,408
|
|
|
|
15,802
|
|
|
|
11,680
|
|
|
|
72,627
|
|
|
|
15,381
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expense
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
2,910
|
|
|
|
3,889
|
|
|
|
973
|
|
|
|
979
|
|
|
|
5,757
|
|
|
|
1,416
|
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
|
1,975
|
|
|
|
1,736
|
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
|
2,452
|
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
2,396
|
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
|
1,640
|
|
|
|
196
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
1,640
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
Impairment of non-producing
properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,074
|
|
|
|
3,067
|
|
|
|
2,930
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
1,646
|
|
|
|
2,930
|
|
|
|
1,646
|
|
|
Accretion of discount on asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
1,223
|
|
|
|
8,006
|
|
|
|
14,541
|
|
|
|
3,281
|
|
|
|
3,088
|
|
|
|
22,055
|
|
|
|
4,737
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
6,280
|
|
|
|
16,696
|
|
|
|
25,304
|
|
|
|
5,580
|
|
|
|
6,714
|
|
|
|
35,406
|
|
|
|
8,951
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
(467
|
)
|
|
|
24,051
|
|
|
|
28,104
|
|
|
|
10,222
|
|
|
|
4,966
|
|
|
|
37,221
|
|
|
|
6,430
|
|
|
Other:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
(802
|
)
|
|
|
(3,814
|
)
|
|
|
(725
|
)
|
|
|
(956
|
)
|
|
|
(3,814
|
)
|
|
|
(956
|
)
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,163
|
)
|
|
|
8,668
|
|
|
|
6,192
|
|
|
|
(4,626
|
)
|
|
|
8,668
|
|
|
|
(4,626
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before provision
(benefit) for income taxes
|
|
|
(266
|
)
|
|
|
19,086
|
|
|
|
32,958
|
|
|
|
15,689
|
|
|
|
(616
|
)
|
|
|
42,075
|
|
|
|
848
|
|
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,028
|
|
|
|
11,756
|
|
|
|
5,280
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
15,129
|
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(266
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,058
|
|
|
$
|
21,202
|
|
|
$
|
10,409
|
|
|
$
|
(581
|
)
|
|
$
|
26,946
|
|
|
$
|
375
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
4.03
|
|
|
$
|
7.04
|
|
|
$
|
3.49
|
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
$
|
5.78
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
4.03
|
|
|
$
|
6.84
|
|
|
$
|
3.39
|
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
$
|
5.67
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
Weighted average shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
1,928,225
|
|
|
|
2,988,986
|
|
|
|
3,012,414
|
|
|
|
2,985,000
|
|
|
|
2,987,411
|
|
|
|
4,663,022
|
|
|
|
4,580,211
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
1,928,225
|
|
|
|
2,988,986
|
|
|
|
3,101,180
|
|
|
|
3,069,945
|
|
|
|
2,987,411
|
|
|
|
4,751,788
|
|
|
|
4,693,441
|
|
|
Statement of cash flow
data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided (used) by:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities
|
|
$
|
4,527
|
|
|
$
|
40,304
|
|
|
$
|
34,110
|
|
|
$
|
12,616
|
|
|
$
|
5,687
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
(26,859
|
)
|
|
|
(71,939
|
)
|
|
|
(59,189
|
)
|
|
|
(24,578
|
)
|
|
|
(9,717
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
22,474
|
|
|
|
32,199
|
|
|
|
26,771
|
|
|
|
9,918
|
|
|
|
4,493
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other financial data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDAX(1)
|
|
|
3,152
|
|
|
|
32,791
|
|
|
|
44,877
|
|
|
|
13,699
|
|
|
|
8,677
|
|
|
|
61,508
|
|
|
|
11,790
|
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
25,313
|
|
|
|
73,485
|
|
|
|
59,189
|
|
|
|
24,578
|
|
|
|
9,717
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
See Selected historical
combined financial dataReconciliation of non-GAAP
financial measures for a reconciliation of our net income
(loss) to EBITDAX.
|
9
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
as
adjusted(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
|
|
As of
|
|
|
|
As of
December 31,
|
|
As of
March 31,
|
|
March 31,
|
|
March 31,
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2007
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
2,656
|
|
$
|
3,219
|
|
$
|
4,911
|
|
$
|
1,175
|
|
$
|
5,374
|
|
$
|
5,374
|
|
|
|
|
Other current assets
|
|
|
6,458
|
|
|
16,305
|
|
|
13,200
|
|
|
16,660
|
|
|
6,776
|
|
|
6,776
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net,
successful efforts method
|
|
|
24,223
|
|
|
88,803
|
|
|
132,112
|
|
|
109,904
|
|
|
138,123
|
|
|
207,586
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
1,565
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
34,902
|
|
$
|
108,416
|
|
$
|
150,309
|
|
$
|
127,840
|
|
$
|
150,392
|
|
$
|
219,855
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities
|
|
$
|
9,827
|
|
$
|
32,746
|
|
$
|
15,421
|
|
$
|
26,811
|
|
$
|
11,564
|
|
$
|
11,564
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
29,425
|
|
|
47,619
|
|
|
40,660
|
|
|
52,169
|
|
|
52,169
|
|
|
|
|
Other long-term liabilities
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
6,555
|
|
|
17,697
|
|
|
11,562
|
|
|
17,669
|
|
|
17,732
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity
|
|
|
24,876
|
|
|
39,690
|
|
|
69,572
|
|
|
48,807
|
|
|
68,990
|
|
|
138,390
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and
stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
34,902
|
|
$
|
108,416
|
|
$
|
150,309
|
|
$
|
127,840
|
|
$
|
150,392
|
|
$
|
219,855
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
As adjusted for the consummation of
the transactions described under Certain relationships and
related party transactionsThe contribution
agreement, our
for
common stock split and the sale
of shares
of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public
offering price of $ per share,
after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering
expenses payable by us and the application of the estimated net
proceeds from this offering as set forth under Use of
proceeds.
|
10
Summary oil and
gas data
Operating
data
The following table presents certain information with respect to
the combined historical operating data for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and for the three months
ended March 31, 2007 and combined pro forma operating data
for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months
ended March 31, 2007, after giving effect to our
acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
|
|
|
|
Three
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
months
|
|
|
|
months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ended
|
|
Year ended
|
|
ended
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
March 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross wells
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drilled
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
120
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
9
|
|
Completed
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
8
|
|
Net wells
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drilled
|
|
|
34.9
|
|
|
77.2
|
|
|
55.1
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
|
79.6
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
Completed
|
|
|
29.6
|
|
|
74.8
|
|
|
53.5
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
77.3
|
|
|
8.0
|
|
Net production data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net volume (MMcfe)
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
5,012
|
|
|
6,744
|
|
|
1,357
|
|
|
9,580
|
|
|
1,910
|
|
Average daily volume (MMcfe/d)
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
21
|
|
Average sales price (per
Mcfe)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average sales price
(without hedge)
|
|
$
|
6.26
|
|
$
|
8.63
|
|
$
|
6.92
|
|
$
|
6.92
|
|
$
|
6.91
|
|
$
|
6.91
|
|
Average sales price
(with hedge)
|
|
|
6.26
|
|
|
8.05
|
|
|
7.84
|
|
|
8.51
|
|
|
7.56
|
|
|
8.04
|
|
Expenses (per Mcfe)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
$
|
0.58
|
|
$
|
0.58
|
|
$
|
0.72
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
$
|
0.74
|
|
Production taxes
|
|
|
0.45
|
|
|
0.39
|
|
|
0.26
|
|
|
0.28
|
|
|
0.26
|
|
|
0.28
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2.28
|
|
|
0.61
|
|
|
0.43
|
|
|
1.21
|
|
|
0.31
|
|
|
0.86
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
1.35
|
|
|
1.60
|
|
|
2.16
|
|
|
2.26
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
2.47
|
|
|
|
|
11
Estimated reserve
data
The estimates in the table below of proved reserves as of
December 31, 2004 and 2005 are based on reserve reports
prepared by our engineering staff and Cawley,
Gillespie & Associates, Inc. The estimates as of
December 31, 2006 are based on reserve reports prepared by
our engineering staff and DeGolyer & MacNaughton.
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro
forma(1)
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated proved
reserves
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas (Bcf)
|
|
|
57.7
|
|
|
102.4
|
|
|
98.7
|
|
|
139.8
|
|
Oil (MMBbls)
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total proved reserves (Bcfe)
|
|
|
59.8
|
|
|
108.9
|
|
|
105.4
|
|
|
148.8
|
|
Total proved developed reserves
(Bcfe)
|
|
|
17.6
|
|
|
49.8
|
|
|
53.1
|
|
|
75.8
|
|
PV-10
value (millions)(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed reserves
|
|
$
|
44.1
|
|
$
|
151.9
|
|
$
|
112.8
|
|
$
|
158.3
|
|
Proved undeveloped reserves
|
|
|
56.6
|
|
|
97.4
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
|
21.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
PV-10
|
|
$
|
100.7
|
|
$
|
249.3
|
|
$
|
128.4
|
|
$
|
179.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Gives effect to our acquisition of
the Neo Canyon interest.
|
| |
|
(2)
|
|
PV-10
is a non-GAAP financial measure and generally differs from the
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, the
most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does
not include the effects of income taxes on future net revenues.
See Selected historical combined financial
dataReconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures
for our definition of
PV-10 and a
reconciliation of
PV-10 to the
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Our
calculation of
PV-10 set
forth in this table is based on gas and oil and condensate
prices actually received by us on December 31, 2006, held
flat for the life of the reserves. The weighted average price
over the life of the Ozona Northeast reserves was $6.55 per Mcf
of gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil. The weighted average price
over the life of the Cinco Terry reserves was $5.65 per Mcf of
gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil.
|
12
Risk
factors
You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth
below as well as the other information contained in this
prospectus before investing in our common stock. Any of the
following risks could materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition or results of operations. In such
a case, you may lose all or part of your investment. The risks
described below are not the only risks facing us. Additional
risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or those we
currently view to be immaterial may also materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition or results of
operations.
Risks related to
our business
Gas and oil
prices are volatile, and a decline in gas or oil prices could
significantly affect our business, financial condition or
results of operations and our ability to meet our capital
expenditure requirements and financial
commitments.
Our revenues, profitability and cash flow depend substantially
upon the prices and demand for gas and oil. The markets for
these commodities are volatile, and even relatively modest drops
in prices can affect significantly our financial results and
impede our growth. Prices for gas and oil fluctuate widely in
response to relatively minor changes in the supply and demand
for gas and oil, market uncertainty and a variety of additional
factors beyond our control, such as:
|
|
|
|
domestic and foreign supply of gas and oil;
|
| |
|
|
price and quantity of foreign imports;
|
| |
|
|
commodity processing, gathering and transportation availability
and the availability of refining capacity;
|
| |
|
|
domestic and foreign governmental regulations;
|
| |
|
|
political conditions in or affecting other gas producing and oil
producing countries, including the current conflicts in the
Middle East and conditions in South America and Russia;
|
| |
|
|
the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries to agree to and maintain oil price and
production controls;
|
| |
|
|
weather conditions, including unseasonably warm winter weather;
|
| |
|
|
technological advances affecting gas and oil consumption;
|
| |
|
|
overall United States and global economic conditions; and
|
| |
|
|
price and availability of alternative fuels.
|
Further, gas prices and oil prices do not necessarily fluctuate
in direct relationship to each other. Because more than 94% of
our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2006 were
gas reserves, our financial results are more sensitive to
movements in gas prices. In the past, the price of gas has been
extremely volatile, and we expect this volatility to continue.
For example, during the year ended December 31, 2006, the
NYMEX gas spot price ranged from a high of $9.90 per MMBtu to a
low of $3.66 per MMBtu. The NYMEX gas spot price at
December 31, 2006 was $5.50 per MMBtu. At May 1, 2007,
the NYMEX gas spot price was $7.64 per MMBtu.
13
The results of higher investment in the exploration for and
production of gas and other factors may cause the price of gas
to drop. Lower gas and oil prices may not only cause our
revenues to decrease but also may reduce the amount of gas and
oil that we can produce economically. Substantial decreases in
gas and oil prices would render uneconomic some or all of our
drilling locations. This may result in our having to make
substantial downward adjustments to our estimated proved
reserves and could have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
Drilling and
exploring for, and producing, gas and oil are high risk
activities with many uncertainties that could adversely affect
our business, financial condition or results of
operations.
Drilling and exploration are the main methods we use to replace
our reserves. However, drilling and exploration operations may
not result in any increases in reserves for various reasons.
Exploration activities involve numerous risks, including the
risk that no commercially productive gas or oil reservoirs will
be discovered. In addition, the future cost and timing of
drilling, completing and producing wells is often uncertain.
Furthermore, drilling operations may be curtailed, delayed or
canceled as a result of a variety of factors, including:
|
|
|
|
lack of acceptable prospective acreage;
|
| |
|
|
inadequate capital resources;
|
| |
|
|
unexpected drilling conditions, pressure or irregularities in
formations, equipment failures or accidents;
|
| |
|
|
adverse weather conditions, including tornados;
|
| |
|
|
unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs, equipment or labor;
|
| |
|
|
reductions in gas and oil prices;
|
| |
|
|
limitations in the market for gas and oil;
|
| |
|
|
surface access restrictions;
|
| |
|
|
title problems;
|
| |
|
|
compliance with governmental regulations; and
|
| |
|
|
mechanical difficulties.
|
Our decisions to purchase, explore, develop and exploit
prospects or properties depend in part on data obtained through
geophysical and geological analyses, production data and
engineering studies, the results of which are often uncertain.
Even when used and properly interpreted,
3-D seismic
data and visualization techniques only assist geoscientists and
geologists in identifying subsurface structures and hydrocarbon
indicators. They do not allow the interpreter to know
conclusively if hydrocarbons are present or producible
economically. In addition, the use of
3-D seismic
and other advanced technologies require greater predrilling
expenditures than traditional drilling strategies.
In addition, higher gas and oil prices generally increase the
demand for drilling rigs, equipment and crews and can lead to
shortages of, and increasing costs for, such drilling equipment,
services and personnel. Such shortages could restrict our
ability to drill the wells and conduct the operations that we
currently have planned. Any delay in the drilling of new wells
or
14
significant increase in drilling costs could adversely affect
our ability to increase our reserves and production and reduce
our revenues.
Currently, the
vast majority of our producing properties are located in two
counties in Texas, and our proved reserves are primarily
attributable to one field in that area, making us vulnerable to
risks associated with having our production concentrated in a
small area.
The vast majority of our producing properties are geographically
concentrated in two counties in Texas, and our proved reserves
are primarily attributable to one field in that area. As a
result of this concentration, we may be disproportionately
exposed to the impact of delays or interruptions of production
from these wells caused by significant governmental regulation,
transportation capacity constraints, curtailments of production,
natural disasters, interruption of transportation of gas
produced from the wells in these basins or other events that
impact these areas.
Certain of our
undeveloped leasehold acreage is subject to leases and options
that may expire in the near future.
As of December 31, 2006, we held mineral leases in each of
our areas of operations that are still within their original
lease term and are not currently held by production. Unless we
establish commercial production on the properties subject to
these leases, most of these leases will expire between 2008 and
2015. Options covering approximately 12,000 gross acres in
our Cinco Terry project are scheduled to expire before
June 1, 2008. If these leases or options expire, we will
lose our right to develop the related properties.
Identified
drilling locations that we decide to drill may not yield gas or
oil in commercially viable quantities and are susceptible to
uncertainties that could materially alter the occurrence or
timing of their drilling.
Our drilling locations are in various stages of evaluation,
ranging from locations that are ready to be drilled to locations
that will require substantial additional evaluation and
interpretation. There is no way to predict in advance of
drilling and testing whether any particular drilling location
will yield gas or oil in sufficient quantities to recover
drilling or completion costs or to be economically viable. The
use of seismic data and other technologies and the study of
producing fields in the same area will not enable us to know
conclusively before drilling whether gas or oil will be present
or, if present, whether gas or oil will be present in commercial
quantities. The analysis that we perform may not be useful in
predicting the characteristics and potential reserves associated
with our drilling locations. As a result, we may not find
commercially viable quantities of gas and oil.
Our drilling locations represent a significant part of our
growth strategy. Our ability to drill and develop these
locations depends on a number of factors, including gas and oil
prices, costs, the availability of capital, seasonal conditions,
regulatory approvals and drilling results. Because of these
uncertainties, we do not know when the unproved drilling
locations we have identified will be drilled or if they will
ever be drilled or if we will be able to produce gas or oil from
these or any proved drilling locations. As such, our actual
drilling activities may be materially different from those
presently identified, which could adversely affect our business,
results of operations or financial condition.
15
Unless we
replace our gas and oil reserves, our reserves and production
will decline.
Our future gas and oil production depends on our success in
finding or acquiring additional reserves. If we fail to replace
reserves through drilling or acquisitions, our level of
production and cash flows will be affected adversely. In
general, production from gas and oil properties declines as
reserves are depleted, with the rate of decline depending on
reservoir characteristics. Our total proved reserves will
decline as reserves are produced unless we conduct other
successful exploration and development activities or acquire
properties containing proved reserves, or both. Our ability to
make the necessary capital investment to maintain or expand our
asset base of gas and oil reserves would be impaired to the
extent cash flow from operations is reduced and external sources
of capital become limited or unavailable. We may not be
successful in exploring for, developing or acquiring additional
reserves.
Our actual
production, revenues and expenditures related to our reserves
are likely to differ from our estimates of our proved reserves.
We may experience production that is less than estimated and
drilling costs that are greater than estimated in our reserve
reports. These differences may be material.
The proved gas and oil reserve information included in this
prospectus represents estimates. Petroleum engineering is a
subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of
gas and oil that cannot be measured in an exact manner.
Estimates of economically recoverable gas and oil reserves and
of future net cash flows necessarily depend upon a number of
variable factors and assumptions, including:
|
|
|
|
historical production from the area compared with production
from other similar producing areas;
|
| |
|
|
the assumed effects of regulations by governmental agencies;
|
| |
|
|
assumptions concerning future gas and oil prices; and
|
| |
|
|
assumptions concerning future operating costs, severance and
excise taxes, development costs and workover and remedial costs.
|
Because all reserve estimates are to some degree subjective,
each of the following items may differ materially from those
assumed in estimating proved reserves:
|
|
|
|
the quantities of gas and oil that are ultimately recovered;
|
| |
|
|
the production and operating costs incurred;
|
| |
|
|
the amount and timing of future development
expenditures; and
|
| |
|
|
future gas and oil prices.
|
As of December 31, 2006, approximately 49% of our proved
reserves were proved undeveloped. Estimates of proved
undeveloped reserves are even less reliable than estimates of
proved developed reserves.
Furthermore, different reserve engineers may make different
estimates of reserves and cash flows based on the same available
data. Our actual production, revenues and expenditures with
respect to reserves will likely be different from estimates and
the differences may be material. The discounted future net cash
flows included in this prospectus should not be considered as
the current market value of the estimated gas and oil reserves
attributable to our properties. As
16
required by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC,
the estimated discounted future net cash flows from proved
reserves are generally based on prices and costs as of the date
of the estimate, while actual future prices and costs may be
materially higher or lower. Actual future net cash flows also
will be affected by factors such as:
|
|
|
|
the amount and timing of actual production;
|
| |
|
|
supply and demand for gas and oil;
|
| |
|
|
increases or decreases in consumption; and
|
| |
|
|
changes in governmental regulations or taxation.
|
In addition, the 10% discount factor, which is required by the
SEC to be used to calculate discounted future net cash flows for
reporting purposes, is not necessarily the most appropriate
discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to
time and risks associated with us or the oil and gas industry in
general.
You should not assume that the present value of future net
revenues from our proved reserves referred to in this prospectus
is the current market value of our estimated gas and oil
reserves. In accordance with SEC requirements, we generally base
the estimated discounted future net cash flows from our proved
reserves on prices and costs on the date of the estimate. Actual
future prices and costs may differ materially from those used in
the present value estimate. If gas prices decline by $1.00 per
Mcf, then our
PV-10 as of
December 31, 2006 would decrease from $179.9 million
to $110.1 million.
We will
require additional capital to fund our future activities. If we
fail to obtain additional capital, we may not be able to
implement fully our business plan, which could lead to a decline
in reserves.
We depend on our ability to obtain financing beyond our cash
flow from operations. Historically, we have financed our
business plan and operations primarily with internally generated
cash flows, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and
issuances of common stock. We also require capital to fund our
capital budget, which is expected to be approximately
$49.3 million for 2007. As of December 31, 2006,
approximately 49% of our total estimated proved reserves were
undeveloped. Recovery of such reserves will require significant
capital expenditures and successful drilling operations. We will
be required to meet our needs from our internally generated cash
flows, debt financings and equity financings.
If our revenues decrease as a result of lower commodity prices,
operating difficulties, declines in reserves or for any other
reason, we may have limited ability to obtain the capital
necessary to sustain our operations at current levels. We may,
from time to time, need to seek additional financing. Our
revolving credit facility contains covenants restricting our
ability to incur additional indebtedness without lender consent.
There can be no assurance that our bank lenders will provide
this consent or as to the availability or terms of any
additional financing. If we incur additional debt, the related
risks that we now face could intensify.
Even if additional capital is needed, we may not be able to
obtain debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us, or at
all. If cash generated by operations and available under our
revolving credit facility is not sufficient to meet our capital
requirements, the failure to obtain additional financing could
result in a curtailment of our operations relating to
exploration and
17
development of our projects, which in turn could lead to a
possible loss of properties and a decline in our gas reserves.
Our bank
lenders can limit our borrowing capabilities, which may
materially impact our operations.
At March 31, 2007, outstanding borrowings under our
revolving credit facility totaled approximately
$52.2 million. We intend to use a portion of the proceeds
from this offering to repay the outstanding balance under our
revolving credit facility. The borrowing base limitation under
our revolving credit facility is redetermined semi-annually.
Redeterminations are based upon information contained in an
engineering report prepared by an independent petroleum
engineering firm, including, without limitation, commodity
prices and reserve levels. In addition, as is typical in the oil
and gas industry, our bank lenders have substantial flexibility
to reduce our borrowing base on the basis of subjective factors.
Upon a redetermination, we could be required to repay a portion
of our outstanding borrowings, including the total face amounts
of all outstanding letters of credit and the amount of all
unpaid reimbursement obligations, to the extent such amounts
exceed the redetermined borrowing base. We may not have
sufficient funds to make such required repayment, which could
result in a default under the terms of the revolving credit
facility and an acceleration of the loan. We intend to finance
our development, acquisition and exploration activities with
cash flow from operations, borrowings under our revolving credit
facility and other financing activities. In addition, we may
significantly alter our capitalization to make future
acquisitions or develop our properties. These changes in
capitalization may significantly increase our level of debt. If
we incur additional debt for these or other purposes, the
related risks that we now face could intensify. A higher level
of debt also increases the risk that we may default on our debt
obligations. Our ability to meet our debt obligations and to
reduce our level of debt depends on our future performance which
will be affected by general economic conditions and financial,
business and other factors. Many of these factors are beyond our
control. Our level of debt affects our operations in several
important ways, including the following:
|
|
|
|
a portion of our cash flow from operations is used to pay
interest on borrowings;
|
| |
|
|
the covenants contained in the agreements governing our debt
limit our ability to borrow additional funds, pay dividends,
dispose of assets or issue shares of preferred stock and
otherwise may affect our flexibility in planning for, and
reacting to, changes in business conditions;
|
| |
|
|
a high level of debt may impair our ability to obtain additional
financing in the future for working capital, capital
expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes;
|
| |
|
|
a leveraged financial position would make us more vulnerable to
economic downturns and could limit our ability to withstand
competitive pressures; and
|
| |
|
|
any debt that we incur under our revolving credit facility will
be at variable rates which makes us vulnerable to increases in
interest rates.
|
18
The
unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs, equipment,
supplies, personnel and oilfield services could adversely affect
our ability to execute our exploration and development plans on
a timely basis and within our budget.
Our industry is cyclical, and from time to time there is a
shortage of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies and qualified
personnel. During these periods, the costs and delivery times of
rigs, equipment and supplies are substantially greater. As a
result of historically strong prices of gas, the demand for
oilfield and drilling services has risen, and the costs of these
services are increasing. For example, average day rates for land
based rigs have increased substantially during the last two
years. We are particularly sensitive to higher rig costs and
drilling rig availability, as we presently have two rigs under
contract, one of which is on a well-to-well basis. If the
unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs, equipment,
supplies or qualified personnel were particularly severe in the
areas where we operate, we could be materially and adversely
affected.
Competition in
the oil and gas industry is intense, and many of our competitors
have resources that are greater than ours.
We operate in a highly competitive environment for acquiring
prospects and productive properties, marketing gas and oil and
securing equipment and trained personnel. Many of our
competitors are major and large independent oil and gas
companies that possess and employ financial, technical and
personnel resources substantially greater than ours. Those
companies may be able to develop and acquire more prospects and
productive properties than our financial or personnel resources
permit. Our ability to acquire additional prospects and discover
reserves in the future will depend on our ability to evaluate
and select suitable properties and consummate transactions in a
highly competitive environment. Also, there is substantial
competition for capital available for investment in the oil and
gas industry. Larger competitors may be better able to withstand
sustained periods of unsuccessful drilling and absorb the burden
of changes in laws and regulations more easily than we can,
which would adversely affect our competitive position. We may
not be able to compete successfully in the future in acquiring
prospective reserves, developing reserves, marketing
hydrocarbons, attracting and retaining quality personnel and
raising additional capital.
Our customer
base is concentrated, and the loss of our key customer could
therefore adversely affect our financial results.
In 2006, Ozona Pipeline Energy Company, which we refer to as
Ozona Pipeline, accounted for approximately 89.6% of our total
gas and oil sales excluding realized hedge settlements. To the
extent that Ozona Pipeline reduces its purchases in gas or oil
or defaults on its obligations to us, we would be adversely
affected unless we were able to make comparably favorable
arrangements with other customers. Ozona Pipelines default
or non-performance could be caused by factors beyond our
control. A default could occur as a result of circumstances
relating directly to the customer, or due to circumstances
related to other market participants with which the customer has
a direct or indirect relationship.
19
We depend on
our management team and other key personnel. Accordingly, the
loss of any of these individuals could adversely affect our
business, financial condition and the results of operations and
future growth.
Our success largely depends on the skills, experience and
efforts of our management team and other key personnel. The loss
of the services of one or more members of our senior management
team or of our other employees with critical skills needed to
operate our business could have a negative effect on our
business, financial condition, results of operations and future
growth. We have entered into employment agreements with J. Ross
Craft, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Steven P.
Smart, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
and Glenn W. Reed, our Senior Vice PresidentOperations.
See Executive compensationOther
benefitsEmployment agreements and other
arrangements. If any of these officers or other key
personnel resign or become unable to continue in their present
roles and are not adequately replaced, our business operations
could be materially adversely affected. Our ability to manage
our growth, if any, will require us to continue to train,
motivate and manage our employees and to attract, motivate and
retain additional qualified personnel. Competition for these
types of personnel is intense, and we may not be successful in
attracting, assimilating and retaining the personnel required to
grow and operate our business profitably.
We are subject
to complex governmental laws and regulations that may adversely
affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing
business.
Our operations and facilities are subject to extensive federal,
state and local laws and regulations relating to the exploration
for, and the development, production and transportation of, gas
and oil, and operating safety, and protection of the
environment, including those relating to air emissions,
wastewater discharges, land use, storage and disposal of wastes
and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Future
laws or regulations, any adverse changes in the interpretation
of existing laws and regulations or our failure to comply with
existing legal requirements may harm our business, results of
operations and financial condition. We may encounter reductions
in reserves or be required to make large and unanticipated
capital expenditures to comply with governmental laws and
regulations, such as:
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price control;
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taxation;
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lease permit restrictions;
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drilling bonds and other financial responsibility requirements,
such as plug and abandonment bonds;
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spacing of wells;
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unitization and pooling of properties;
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safety precautions; and
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permitting requirements.
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Under these laws and regulations, we could be liable for:
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personal injuries;
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property and natural resource damages;
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well reclamation costs, soil and groundwater remediation
costs; and
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governmental sanctions, such as fines and penalties.
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Our operations could be significantly delayed or curtailed, and
our cost of operations could significantly increase as a result
of environmental safety and other regulatory requirements or
restrictions. We are unable to predict the ultimate cost of
compliance with these requirements or their effect on our
operations. We may be unable to obtain all necessary licenses,
permits, approvals and certificates for proposed projects.
Intricate and changing environmental and other regulatory
requirements may require substantial expenditures to obtain and
maintain permits. If a project is unable to function as planned,
for example, due to costly or changing requirements or local
opposition, it may create expensive delays, extended periods of
non-operation or significant loss of value in a project. See
BusinessRegulation.
Operating
hazards, natural disasters or other interruptions of our
operations could result in potential liabilities, which may not
be fully covered by our insurance.
The oil and gas business involves certain operating hazards such
as:
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well blowouts;
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cratering;
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explosions;
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uncontrollable flows of gas, oil or well fluids;
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fires;
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pollution; and
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releases of toxic gas.
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The occurrence of one of the above may result in injury, loss of
life, suspension of operations, environmental damage and
remediation
and/or
governmental investigations and penalties.
In addition, our operations in Texas are especially susceptible
to damage from natural disasters such as tornados and involve
increased risks of personal injury, property damage and
marketing interruptions. Any of these operating hazards could
cause serious injuries, fatalities or property damage, which
could expose us to liabilities. The payment of any of these
liabilities could reduce, or even eliminate, the funds available
for exploration, development, exploitation and acquisition, or
could result in a loss of our properties. Consistent with
insurance coverage generally available to the industry, our
insurance policies provide limited coverage for losses or
liabilities relating to pollution, with broader coverage for
sudden and accidental occurrences. Our insurance might be
inadequate to cover our liabilities. The insurance market in
general and the energy insurance market in particular have been
difficult markets over the past several years. Insurance costs
are expected to continue to increase over the next few years and
we may decrease coverage and retain more risk to mitigate future
cost increases. If we incur substantial liability and the
damages are not covered by insurance or are in excess of policy
limits, or if we incur liability at a time when we are not able
to obtain liability insurance, then our business, results of
operations and financial condition could be materially adversely
affected.
21
Our results
are subject to quarterly and seasonal
fluctuations.
Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and
could be negatively impacted in the future as a result of a
number of factors, including:
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seasonal variations in gas and oil prices;
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variations in levels of production; and
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the completion of exploration and production projects.
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Market
conditions or transportation impediments may hinder our access
to gas and oil markets or delay our production.
Market conditions, the unavailability of satisfactory gas and
oil processing and transportation may hinder our access to gas
and oil markets or delay our production. Although currently we
control the pipeline operations for a majority of our production
in the Ozona Northeast field, we do not have such control in
other areas in which we expect to conduct operations. The
availability of a ready market for our gas and oil production
depends on a number of factors, including the demand for and
supply of gas and oil and the proximity of reserves to pipelines
or trucking and terminal facilities. In addition, the amount of
gas and oil that can be produced and sold is subject to
curtailment in certain circumstances, such as pipeline
interruptions due to scheduled and unscheduled maintenance,
excessive pressure, physical damage to the gathering or
transportation system or lack of contracted capacity on such
systems. The curtailments arising from these and similar
circumstances may last from a few days to several months, and in
many cases we are provided with limited, if any, notice as to
when these circumstances will arise and their duration. As a
result, we may not be able to sell, or may have to transport by
more expensive means, the gas and oil production from wells or
we may be required to shut in gas wells or delay initial
production until the necessary gathering and transportation
systems are available. Any significant curtailment in gathering
system or pipeline capacity, or significant delay in
construction of necessary gathering and transportation
facilities, could adversely affect our business, financial
condition or results of operations.
Environmental
liabilities may expose us to significant costs and
liabilities.
There is inherent risk of incurring significant environmental
costs and liabilities in our gas and oil operations due to the
handling of petroleum hydrocarbons and generated wastes, the
occurrence of air emissions and water discharges from
work-related activities and the legacy of pollution from
historical industry operations and waste disposal practices. We
may incur joint and several or strict liability under these
environmental laws and regulations in connection with spills,
leaks or releases of petroleum hydrocarbons and wastes on, under
or from our properties and facilities, many of which have been
used for exploration, production or development activities for
many years, oftentimes by third parties not under our control.
Private parties, including the owners of properties upon which
we conduct drilling and production activities as well as
facilities where our petroleum hydrocarbons or wastes are taken
for reclamation or disposal, may also have the right to pursue
legal actions to enforce compliance as well as to seek damages
for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations or
for personal injury or property damage. In addition, changes in
environmental laws and regulations occur frequently, and any
such changes that result in more stringent and costly waste
handling, storage, transport, disposal or remediation
requirements could have a material adverse effect on
22
our production or our operations or financial position. We may
not be able to recover some or any of these costs from
insurance. See BusinessRegulationEnvironmental
regulations.
Our growth
strategy could fail or present unanticipated problems for our
business in the future, which could adversely affect our ability
to make acquisitions or realize anticipated benefits of those
acquisitions.
Our growth strategy may include acquiring oil and gas businesses
and properties. We may not be able to identify suitable
acquisition opportunities or finance and complete any particular
acquisition successfully.
Furthermore, acquisitions involve a number of risks and
challenges, including:
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diversion of managements attention;
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the need to integrate acquired operations;
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potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies;
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potential lack of operating experience in a geographic market of
the acquired business; and
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an increase in our expenses and working capital requirements.
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Any of these factors could adversely affect our ability to
achieve anticipated levels of cash flows from the acquired
businesses or realize other anticipated benefits of those
acquisitions.
We engage in
hedging transactions which involve risks that can harm our
business.
To manage our exposure to price risks in the marketing of our
gas and oil production, we enter into gas and oil price hedging
agreements. While intended to reduce the effects of volatile oil
and gas prices, such transactions may limit our potential gains
and increase our potential losses if gas and oil prices were to
rise substantially over the price established by the hedge. In
addition, such transactions may expose us to the risk of loss in
certain circumstances, including instances in which our
production is less than expected, there is a widening of price
differentials between delivery points for our production and the
delivery point assumed in the hedge arrangement or the
counterparties to the hedging agreements fail to perform under
the contracts.
The
requirements of complying with the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 may strain our resources and distract
management.
As a public company we will be subject to the reporting
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, referred to
as the Exchange Act, and the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and
related rules of the SEC. In addition, the NASDAQ Global Market
regulates corporate governance practices of public companies.
These requirements may place a strain on our systems and
resources as we will be required to carry out activities we have
not conducted previously, and we will incur significant legal,
accounting and other expenses that we did not incur in the past.
The Exchange Act requires that we file annual, quarterly and
current reports with respect to our business and financial
condition. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we
maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures, corporate
governance standards and internal controls over financial
reporting. For example, under Section 404 of the Sarbanes
Oxley Act, for our annual report on
Form 10-K
for the year ending December 31, 2008, we will need to
document and test our internal control procedures, our
management will need to assess and
23
report on our internal control over financial reporting and our
independent accountants will need to issue an opinion on the
effectiveness of those controls. If we identify any issues in
complying with those requirements (for example, if we or our
independent auditors identify a material weakness or significant
deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting), we
could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the
existence of those issues could adversely affect us, our
reputation or investor perceptions of us. We also expect that it
could be difficult and will be significantly more expensive to
obtain directors and officers liability insurance,
and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and
coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same
or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for
us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board
of directors or as executive officers. Advocacy efforts by
stockholders and third parties also may prompt even more changes
in governance and reporting requirements. We cannot predict or
estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the
timing of such costs. Additionally, in connection with these
heightened duties, significant resources and management
oversight will be required as we may need to devote additional
time and personnel to legal, financial and accounting activities
to ensure our ongoing compliance with public company reporting
requirements. The effort to prepare for these obligations may
divert managements attention from other business concerns,
which could have a material adverse affect on our business,
financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.
Failure by us
to achieve and maintain effective internal control over
financial reporting in accordance with the rules of the SEC
could harm our business and operating results and/or result in a
loss of investor confidence in our financial reports, which
could in turn have a material adverse effect on our business and
stock price.
Under current rules of the SEC, we will be required to document
and test our internal control over financial reporting so that
our management can certify as to the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting and our independent
registered public accounting firm can render an opinion on the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
We are in the process of documenting our internal control
systems to allow management to evaluate and report on, and our
independent auditors to audit, our internal control over
financial reporting. Once the documentation is complete, we will
be performing the system and process evaluation and testing (and
any necessary remediation) required to comply with the
management certification and auditor attestation requirements of
Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. We will be
required to comply with Section 404 for the year ending
December 31, 2008. However, we cannot be certain as to the
timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and remediation
actions or the impact of the same on our operations.
Furthermore, upon completion of this process, we may identify
control deficiencies of varying degrees of severity under
applicable SEC and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
rules and regulations that remain unremediated. As a public
company, we will be required to report, among other things,
control deficiencies that constitute a material
weakness or changes in internal controls that, or that are
reasonably likely to, materially affect internal control over
financial reporting. A material weakness is a
significant deficiency or combination of significant
deficiencies that results in a reasonable likelihood that a
material misstatement of the annual or interim consolidated
financial statements will not be prevented or detected. If we
fail to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a
timely manner, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation
by regulatory authorities such as the SEC. In addition, failure
to comply with Section 404 or the report by us of a
material weakness may cause investors to lose confidence in our
consolidated financial statements, and our stock price may be
adversely
24
affected as a result. If we fail to remedy any material
weakness, our consolidated financial statements may be
inaccurate, we may face restricted access to the capital markets
and our stock price may be adversely affected.
We have three
affiliated stockholders with a controlling interest in our
company, whose interests may differ from your interests and who
will be able to determine the outcome of matters voted upon by
our stockholders.
Yorktown Energy Partners V, L.P., Yorktown Energy Partners
VI, L.P. and Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P., or
collectively, Yorktown, which are under common management, own
approximately % of our outstanding
common stock. After giving effect to this offering, Yorktown
will continue to beneficially own
approximately % of our outstanding
common stock in the aggregate ( %
if the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in
full). In addition, one Yorktown representative serves on our
board of directors, and our officers will beneficially own or
control approximately % of our
common stock outstanding ( % if the
underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full).
See Security ownership of certain beneficial owners and
management. As a result of this ownership, Yorktown will
have the ability to control the vote in any election of
directors. Yorktown also will have control over our decisions to
enter into significant corporate transactions and, in its
capacity as our majority stockholder, will have the ability to
prevent any transactions that it does not believe are in
Yorktowns best interest. As a result, Yorktown will be
able to control, directly or indirectly and subject to
applicable law, all matters affecting us, including the
following:
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any determination with respect to our business direction and
policies, including the appointment and removal of officers;
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any determinations with respect to mergers, business
combinations or dispositions of assets;
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our capital structure;
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compensation, option programs and other human resources policy
decisions;
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changes to other agreements that may adversely affect
us; and
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the payment, or nonpayment, of dividends on our common stock.
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Yorktown also may have an interest in pursuing transactions
that, in their judgment, enhance the value of their respective
equity investments in our company, even though those
transactions may involve risks to you as a minority stockholder.
In addition, circumstances could arise under which their
interests could be in conflict with the interests of our other
stockholders or you, a minority stockholder. Also, Yorktown and
their affiliates have and may in the future make significant
investments in other companies, some of which may be
competitors. Yorktown and its affiliates are not obligated to
advise us of any investment or business opportunities of which
they are aware, and they are not restricted or prohibited from
competing with us.
We have
renounced any interest in specified business opportunities, and
certain members of our board of directors and certain of our
stockholders generally have no obligation to offer us those
opportunities.
In accordance with Delaware law, we have renounced any interest
or expectancy in any business opportunity, transaction or other
matter in which our non-employee directors and certain of our
stockholders, each referred to as a Designated Party,
participates or desires to participate in
25
that involves any aspect of the exploration and production
business in the oil and industry. If any such business
opportunity is presented to a Designated Person who also serves
as a member of our board of directors, the Designated Party has
no obligation to communicate or offer that opportunity to us,
and the Designated Party may pursue the opportunity as he sees
fit, unless:
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it was presented to the Designated Party solely in that
persons capacity as a director of our company and with
respect to which, at the time of such presentment, no other
Designated Party has independently received notice of or
otherwise identified the business opportunity; or
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the opportunity was identified by the Designated Party solely
through the disclosure of information by or on behalf of us.
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For a more complete discussion of this agreement, please read
Certain relationships and related party
transactionsBusiness opportunities renunciation. As
a result of this renunciation, our non-employee directors should
not be deemed to be breaching any fiduciary duty to us if they
or their affiliates or associates pursue opportunities as
described above and our future competitive position and growth
potential could be adversely affected.
Severe weather
could have a material adverse impact on our
business.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by
severe weather. Repercussions of severe weather conditions may
include:
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curtailment of services;
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weather-related damage to drilling rigs, resulting in suspension
of operations;
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weather-related damage to our facilities;
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inability to deliver materials to jobsites in accordance with
contract schedules; and
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loss of productivity.
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A terrorist
attack or armed conflict could harm our business.
Terrorist activities, anti-terrorist efforts and other armed
conflict involving the United States may adversely affect the
United States and global economies and could prevent us from
meeting our financial and other obligations. If any of these
events occur or escalate, the resulting political instability
and societal disruption could reduce overall demand for gas and
oil, potentially putting downward pressure on demand for our
services and causing a reduction in our revenue. Gas and oil
related facilities could be direct targets for terrorist
attacks, and our operations could be adversely impacted if
significant infrastructure or facilities we use for the
production, transportation or marketing of our gas and oil
production are destroyed or damaged. Costs for insurance and
other security may increase as a result of these threats, and
some insurance coverage may become difficult to obtain, if
available at all.
26
Risks related to
this offering
There has been
no public market for our common stock, and our stock price may
fluctuate significantly.
There is currently no public market for our common stock, and an
active trading market may not develop or be sustained after the
sale of all of the shares covered by this prospectus. The market
price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly as a
result of:
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our operating and financial performance and prospects;
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quarterly variations in the rate of growth of our financial
indicators, such as net income per share, net income and
revenues;
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changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of
research reports by analysts about us or the exploration and
production industry;
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liquidity and registering our common stock for public resale;
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actual or unanticipated variations in our reserve estimates and
quarterly operating results;
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changes in gas and oil prices;
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speculation in the press or investment community;
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sales of our common stock by our stockholders;
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increases in our cost of capital;
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changes in applicable laws or regulations, court rulings and
enforcement and legal actions;
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changes in market valuations of similar companies;
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adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur
in the future;
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additions or departures of key management personnel;
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actions by our stockholders;
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general market and economic conditions, including the occurrence
of events or trends affecting the price of gas; and
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domestic and international economic, legal and regulatory
factors unrelated to our performance.
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If a trading market develops for our common stock, stock markets
in general experience volatility that often is unrelated to the
operating performance of particular companies. These broad
market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of
our common stock.
We do not
anticipate paying any dividends on our common stock in the
foreseeable future.
We do not expect to declare or pay any cash or other dividends
in the foreseeable future on our common stock, as we intend to
use cash flow generated by operations to expand our business.
Our revolving credit facility will restrict our ability to pay
cash dividends on our common stock, and we may also enter into
credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future
that restrict or limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our
common stock.
27
Certain
stockholders shares are restricted from immediate resale
but may be sold into the market in the near future. This could
cause the market price of our common stock to drop
significantly.
After this offering, we will have
outstanding shares
of common stock. Of these shares,
the shares
we and the selling stockholder are selling in this offering,
or shares
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, will be freely tradeable without restriction under the
Securities Act except for any shares purchased by one of our
affiliates as defined in Rule 144 under the
Securities Act. A total
of shares,
or shares
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, will be restricted securities (within the
meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act) or subject to
lock-up
arrangements. In connection with this offering, we, our
executive officers and directors and the other holders of our
common stock (including the selling stockholder) have agreed
that, during the period beginning from the date of this
prospectus and continuing to and including the day 180 days
after the date of this prospectus, neither we nor any of them
will, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, offer to sell,
contract to sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of our
common stock without the prior written consent of
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., on behalf of the underwriters,
except in limited circumstances. See Underwriting
for a description of these
lock-up
arrangements. An aggregate
of
of these shares will become available for resale in the public
market as shown in the chart below.
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Number
of shares
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Date
of eligibility for resale into public market
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No less than 180 days after
the date of this prospectus
(in accordance with lock-up agreements with the underwriters).
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Between 181 and 365 days
after the date of this prospectus due to the requirements of the
federal securities laws.
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Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in
the public markets following this offering by any of our
existing stockholders (or persons to whom our existing
stockholders may distribute shares of our common stock), or the
perception that such sales might occur, could have a material
adverse effect on the price of our common stock or could impair
our ability to obtain capital through an offering of equity
securities.
As soon as practicable after this offering, we intend to file
one or more registration statements with the SEC on
Form S-8
providing for the registration
of shares
of our common stock issued or reserved for issuance under our
stock incentive plan. Subject to the exercise of unexercised
options or the expiration or waiver of vesting conditions for
restricted stock and the expiration of
lock-ups we
and certain of our stockholders have entered into, shares
registered under these registration statements on
Form S-8
will be available for resale immediately in the public market
without restriction.
You may
experience dilution of your ownership interests due to the
future issuance of additional shares of our common
stock.
We may in the future issue our previously authorized and
unissued securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership
interests of our present stockholders and purchasers of common
stock offered hereby. We are currently authorized to issue
90 million shares of common stock and 10 million
shares of preferred stock with preferences and rights as
determined by our board of directors. The potential issuance of
such additional shares of common stock may create downward
pressure on the trading price of our common stock. We may also
issue additional
28
shares of our common stock or other securities that are
convertible into or exercisable for common stock in connection
with the hiring of personnel, future acquisitions, future public
offerings or private placements of our securities for capital
raising purposes, or for other business purposes.
If equity
research analysts do not publish research or reports about our
business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade
our common stock, the price of our common stock could
decline.
The trading market for our common stock may rely in part on the
research and reports that equity research analysts publish about
us and our business. We do not control the opinions of these
analysts. The price of our stock could decline if one or more
equity analysts downgrade our stock or if those analysts issue
other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about
us or our business.
The
availability of shares for sale in the future could reduce the
market price of our common stock.
In the future, we may issue securities to raise cash for
acquisitions. We may also acquire interests in outside companies
by using a combination of cash and our common stock or just our
common stock. We may also issue securities convertible into our
common stock. Any of these events may dilute your ownership
interest in our company and have an adverse impact on the price
of our common stock.
In addition, sales of a substantial amount of our common stock
in the public market, or the perception that these sales may
occur, could reduce the market price of our common stock. This
could also impair our ability to raise additional capital
through the sale of our securities.
Certain
provisions of Delaware law, our restated certificate of
incorporation and our restated bylaws could hinder, delay or
prevent a change in control of our company, which could
adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Certain provisions of Delaware law, our restated certificate of
incorporation and our restated bylaws have the effect of
discouraging, delaying or preventing transactions that involve
an actual or threatened change in control of our company.
Delaware law imposes restrictions on mergers and other business
combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our
outstanding common stock. In addition, our restated certificate
of incorporation and restated bylaws include the following
provisions:
|
|
|
|
Written consent of stockholders. Our restated
certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws provide that
any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders
must be taken at a duly called meeting of stockholders and not
by written consent.
|
| |
|
|
Call of special meetings of stockholders. Our
restated bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders
may be called at any time only by our board of directors,
chairman or Chief Executive Officer and not the stockholders.
|
| |
|
|
Classified board of directors. Our board of
directors will be divided into three classes with staggered
terms of office of three years each. The classification and
staggered terms of office of our directors make it more
difficult for a third party to gain control of our board of
directors. At least two annual meetings of stockholders, instead
of one, generally would be required to effect a change in a
majority of the board of directors.
|
29
|
|
|
|
Removal of directors. Under our restated certificate
of incorporation, a director may be removed only for cause and
only by the affirmative vote of at least 67% of the voting power
of the outstanding shares of our capital stock.
|
| |
|
|
Number of directors, board vacancies, term of
office. Our restated certificate of incorporation and
our restated bylaws provide that only the board of directors may
set the number of directors. We have elected to be subject to
certain provisions of Delaware law which vest in the board of
directors the exclusive right, by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the remaining directors, to fill vacancies on the
board even if the remaining directors do not constitute a
quorum. When effective, these provisions of Delaware law, which
are applicable even if other provisions of Delaware law or the
charter or bylaws provide to the contrary, also provide that any
director elected to fill a vacancy shall hold office for the
remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which
the vacancy occurred, rather than the next annual meeting of
stockholders as would otherwise be the case, and until his or
her successor is elected and qualifies.
|
| |
|
|
Advance notice provisions for stockholder nominations and
proposals. Our restated bylaws require advance written
notice for stockholders to nominate persons for election as
directors at, or to bring other business before, any meeting of
stockholders. This bylaw provision limits the ability of
stockholders to make nominations of persons for election as
directors or to introduce other proposals unless we are notified
in a timely manner prior to the meeting.
|
| |
|
|
Amending the bylaws. Our restated certificate of
incorporation permits our board of directors to adopt, alter or
repeal any provision of the restated bylaws or to make new
bylaws. Our restated certificate of incorporation also provides
that our restated bylaws may be amended by the affirmative vote
of the holders of at least 67% of the voting power of the
outstanding shares of our capital stock.
|
| |
|
|
Authorized but unissued shares. Under our restated
certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has
authority to cause the issuance of preferred stock from time to
time in one or more series and to establish the terms,
preferences and rights of any such series of preferred stock,
all without approval of our stockholders. Nothing in our
restated certificate of incorporation precludes future issuances
without stockholder approval of the authorized but unissued
shares of our common stock.
|
See Description of capital stockAnti-takeover
effects of provisions of Delaware law, our restated certificate
of incorporation and restated bylaws. Any one or more of
these factors could have the effect of delaying or preventing a
change in control or the removal of management, and deterring
potential acquirers from making an offer to our stockholders,
even if that event potentially would be favorable to the
interests of our stockholders.
Purchasers of
common stock in this offering will experience immediate and
substantial dilution of $ per
share.
Based on an assumed initial public offering price of
$ per share, purchasers of our
common stock in this offering will experience an immediate and
substantial dilution of $ per
share in the as adjusted pro forma net tangible book value per
share of common stock from the initial public offering price,
and our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of
December 31, 2006 after giving effect to this offering
would be $ per share. See
Dilution.
30
Cautionary
statement regarding
forward-looking statements
Various statements in this prospectus, including those that
express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those
that are not statements of historical fact, are forward-looking
statements. The forward-looking statements may include
projections and estimates concerning the timing and success of
specific projects and our future reserves, production, revenues,
income and capital spending. When we use the words
believe, intend, expect,
may, should, anticipate,
could, estimate, plan,
predict, project or their negatives,
other similar expressions or the statements that include those
words, it usually is a forward-looking statement.
The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are
largely based on our expectations, which reflect estimates and
assumptions made by our management. These estimates and
assumptions reflect our best judgment based on currently known
market conditions and other factors. Although we believe such
estimates and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently
uncertain and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that
are beyond our control. In addition, managements
assumptions about future events may prove to be inaccurate.
Management cautions all readers that the forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus are not guarantees of
future performance, and we cannot assure any reader that such
statements will be realized or the forward-looking events and
circumstances will occur. Actual results may differ materially
from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking
statements due to the factors listed in the Risk
factors section and elsewhere in this prospectus. All
forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this
prospectus. We do not intend to publicly update or revise any
forward-looking statements as a result of new information,
future events or otherwise. These cautionary statements qualify
all forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons
acting on our behalf. The risks, contingencies and uncertainties
relate to, among other matters, the following:
|
|
|
|
our business strategy;
|
| |
|
|
estimated quantities of gas and oil reserves;
|
| |
|
|
technology;
|
| |
|
|
our financial position;
|
| |
|
|
our cash flow and liquidity;
|
| |
|
|
declines in the prices we receive for our gas and oil affecting
our operating results and cash flow;
|
| |
|
|
economic slowdowns that can adversely affect consumption of gas
and oil by businesses and consumers;
|
| |
|
|
uncertainties in estimating our gas and oil reserves;
|
| |
|
|
replacing our gas and oil reserves;
|
| |
|
|
uncertainties in exploring for and producing gas and oil;
|
| |
|
|
our inability to obtain additional financing necessary to fund
our operations and capital expenditures and to meet our other
obligations;
|
31
|
|
|
|
availability of drilling and production equipment and field
service providers;
|
| |
|
|
disruptions to, capacity constraints in or other limitations on
the pipeline systems which deliver our gas and other processing
and transportation considerations;
|
| |
|
|
competition in the oil and gas industry;
|
| |
|
|
marketing of gas and oil;
|
| |
|
|
exploitation or property acquisitions;
|
| |
|
|
our inability to retain and attract key personnel;
|
| |
|
|
the effects of government regulation and permitting and other
legal requirements;
|
| |
|
|
costs associated with perfecting title for mineral rights in
some of our properties;
|
| |
|
|
plans, objectives, expectations and intentions contained in this
prospectus that are not historical; and
|
| |
|
|
other factors discussed under Risk factors.
|
32
Use of
proceeds
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of common
stock in this offering will be approximately
$ million (or
$ million if the underwriters
exercise their over-allotment option in full), in each case
based on an offering price of $
per share, the mid-point of the estimated price range shown on
the front cover of this prospectus, and after deducting the
underwriting discounts and the estimated offering expenses of
$ payable by us. Each dollar
increase (decrease) in the per share offering price will
increase (decrease) the amount of net proceeds we receive from
this offering by $ .
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to repay
approximately $ million
outstanding under our revolving credit facility, to
repurchase shares of our common
stock held by Neo Canyon Exploration, L.P. at a purchase price
of $ million and the
remainder for general corporate purposes, including exploration
and development activities, gas and oil reserves and leasehold
acquisitions in the ordinary course of business and for working
capital.
At March 31, 2007, outstanding borrowings under our
revolving credit facility totaled approximately
$52.2 million with an interest rate of 7.02%. We incurred
the debt under our revolving credit facility principally to meet
our capital expenditure requirements and other working capital
needs. We will have no outstanding borrowings under our
revolving credit facility after the closing of this offering,
leaving us with approximately
$ million available for
future borrowings under such revolving credit facility. See
Managements discussion and analysis of financial
condition and results of operationsCredit facility
for a description of our revolving credit facility.
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of
common stock by the selling stockholder.
Dividend
policy
We do not expect to pay any cash or other dividends in the
foreseeable future on our common stock, as we intend to reinvest
cash flow generated by operations in our business. Our revolving
credit facility currently restricts our ability to pay cash
dividends on our common stock, and we may also enter into credit
agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that
restrict or limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our
common stock.
33
Capitalization
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and
capitalization as of March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
on an actual historical basis;
|
| |
|
|
on a pro forma basis, reflecting the consummation of the
transactions described under Certain relationships and
related party transactionsThe contribution agreement
and our
for
common stock split; and
|
| |
|
|
on a pro forma as adjusted basis, reflecting the consummation of
the transactions described under Certain relationships and
related party transactionsThe contribution
agreement,
our
for
common stock split and the sale
of shares
of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public
offering price of $ per share,
after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering
expenses payable by us and the application of the estimated net
proceeds from this offering as set forth under Use of
proceeds.
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
March 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
Actual
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
as
adjusted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
5,374
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
$
|
52,169
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Stockholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value,
10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
actual, no shares issued and outstanding pro forma, no shares
issued and outstanding pro forma as adjusted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.01 par value,
90,000,000 shares authorized, 3,002,085 shares issued
and outstanding
actual, shares
issued and outstanding pro
forma, shares
issued and outstanding pro forma as adjusted
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
38,883
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
30,077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
68,990
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$
|
121,159
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
34
Dilution
Purchasers of common stock in this offering will experience
immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book
value per share of the common stock for accounting purposes. Net
tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our
tangible net worth (tangible assets less total liabilities) by
the total number of outstanding shares of common stock. At
March 31, 2007, after giving effect to the transactions
described under Certain relationships and related party
transactionsThe contribution agreement and
our
for
common stock split, the pro forma net tangible book value per
share of our common stock was $ ,
or $ per share of common stock.
After giving effect to the sale
of shares
of common stock in this offering and assuming the receipt of the
estimated net proceeds, after deducting the underwriters
discounts and estimated offering expenses, our pro forma as
adjusted net tangible book value at March 31, 2007 would
have been approximately $ , or
$ per share. This represents an
immediate and substantial increase in the pro forma as adjusted
net tangible book value of $ per
share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of
$ per share to new investors
purchasing common stock in this offering, resulting from the
difference between the initial public offering price and the pro
forma as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering.
The following table illustrates the per share dilution to new
investors purchasing common stock in this offering:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assumed initial public offering
price per share(1)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Adjusted net tangible book value
per share at March 31, 2007(2)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase per share attributable to
new public investors(3)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As adjusted net tangible book
value per share after this offering(3)
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilution in as adjusted net
tangible book value per share to new investors
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Before deduction of underwriting
discounts and estimated offering expenses.
|
| |
|
(2)
|
|
Net tangible book value is defined
as stockholders equity less intangible assets.
|
| |
|
(3)
|
|
Takes in to account underwriting
discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.
|
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price
of $ would increase (decrease) our
as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this
offering by $ per share and the
dilution in net tangible book value to new investors by
$ per share, assuming the number
of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this
preliminary prospectus, remains the same and after deducting
estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses
payable by us.
35
The following table sets forth, on the pro forma as adjusted
basis set forth above as of March 31, 2007, the total
number of shares of common stock owned by existing stockholders
and to be owned by new investors, the total consideration paid
and the average price per share paid by our existing
stockholders and to be paid by new investors in this offering
calculated before deduction of estimated underwriting discounts:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
purchased
|
|
Total
consideration
|
|
Average price
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Percent
|
|
Amount
|
|
Percent
|
|
per
share
|
|
|
|
|
|
Existing stockholders(1)(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New investors(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Reflects ownership of shares to be
sold by selling stockholder prior to this offering.
|
| |
|
(2)
|
|
With respect to our executive
officers, directors and 10%-or-greater stockholders, the number
of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total
consideration paid to us and the average price per share paid by
all of those affiliated persons, are as follows:
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
purchased
|
|
Total
consideration
|
|
Average price
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Percent
|
|
Amount
|
|
Percent
|
|
per
share
|
|
|
|
|
|
Affiliated persons
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
|
Excludes shares being sold by the
selling stockholder.
|
If the underwriters over-allotment option to purchase
additional shares is exercised in full, the number of shares
held by new investors will be increased
to
or
approximately
of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding
immediately following this offering.
The preceding tables
exclude shares
of common stock subject to options outstanding as of
March 31, 2007, which have a weighted average exercise
price of $ per share. As of
March 31, 2007, options to
purchase shares
of our common stock were currently exercisable. If these options
were exercised at the average exercise price, the additional
dilution per share to new investors would be
$ .
As
of ,
2007, there
were shares
of our common stock outstanding held by stockholders. Sales by
the selling stockholder in this offering will reduce the number
of shares of common stock held by existing stockholders
to or
approximately % of the total number
of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering and
will increase the number of shares of common stock held by new
investors
by
to approximately % of the total
number of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering.
36
Unaudited
combined pro forma financial data
The following combined pro forma financial information gives
effect to the following transactions:
|
|
|
|
The issuance of 1,413,081 shares of Approach Resources Inc.
common stock to Neo Canyon Exploration, L.P. for its 30% working
interest in the Ozona Northeast field that Approach does not
already own; and
|
| |
|
|
The issuance of 329,719 shares of Approach Resources Inc.
common stock in exchange for 150,000 shares of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common stock, representing all of the
issued and outstanding shares of Approach Oil & Gas
Inc. common stock.
|
Our operations are currently conducted by two separate operating
entities under common control: Approach Resources Inc. and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. Pursuant to a contribution
agreement, the operations of Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
will be combined under Approach Resources Inc., and we will also
acquire the Neo Canyon interest immediately prior to the closing
of this offering.
The combined pro forma balance sheet as of March 31, 2007
is based on our unaudited combined balance sheet as of
March 31, 2007, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, and
gives effect to the transactions described above as if they
occurred on March 31, 2007.
The combined pro forma statement of operations for the three
months ended March 31, 2007 is based on our unaudited
combined statement of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 and the unaudited Historical Summary of
Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses of Properties to be
Acquired by Approach Resources Inc. for the three months ended
March 31, 2007, both of which appear elsewhere in this
prospectus, and gives effect to the transactions described above
as if they occurred on January 1, 2007.
The combined pro forma statement of operations for the year
ended December 31, 2006 is based on our audited combined
statement of operations for the year ended December 31,
2006, and the audited Historical Summary of Revenues and Direct
Operating Expenses of Properties to be Acquired by Approach
Resources Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2006, both
of which appear elsewhere in this prospectus, and gives effect
to the transactions described above as if they occurred on
January 1, 2006.
The unaudited combined pro forma financial statements presented
herein have been included as required by the rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission and are provided for
comparative purposes only. These unaudited combined pro forma
financial statements should be read in conjunction with our
historical combined financial statements and related notes for
the periods presented.
The unaudited combined pro forma financial statements presented
herein are based upon assumptions and include adjustments as
explained in the notes to the unaudited combined pro forma
financial statements, and the actual recording of the
transactions could differ. The unaudited combined pro forma
financial statements presented herein are not necessarily
indicative of the financial results that would have occurred had
the transactions described above occurred on the dates indicated
and should not be viewed as indicative of operations in the
future. However, management believes that the assumptions used
provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant
effects of the transactions discussed above and that the pro
forma adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions.
37
Approach
Resources Inc.
Unaudited combined pro forma balance sheet
March 31, 2007
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resources Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
Pro forma
|
|
|
pro forma
|
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
adjustments
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
5,374
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
5,374
|
|
|
Accounts receivable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joint interest owners
|
|
|
2,463
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,463
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
|
3,461
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,461
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
|
|
|
852
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
852
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
12,150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,150
|
|
|
Property and equipment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas properties, using the
successful efforts method of accounting
|
|
|
164,726
|
|
|
|
69,463
|
(a)
|
|
|
234,189
|
|
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization
|
|
|
(26,859
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(26,859
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net property and equipment
|
|
|
138,123
|
|
|
|
69,463
|
|
|
|
207,586
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
150,392
|
|
|
$
|
69,463
|
|
|
$
|
219,855
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and stockholders
equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
5,065
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
5,065
|
|
|
Oil and gas payables
|
|
|
5,407
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,407
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
971
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
971
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
11,564
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,564
|
|
|
Non-current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
52,169
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,169
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
17,514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,514
|
|
|
Asset retirement obligations
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
63
|
(a)
|
|
|
218
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
81,402
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
81,465
|
|
|
Stockholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
14
|
(a)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
(b)
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
38,883
|
|
|
|
69,386
|
(a)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)(b)
|
|
|
108,267
|
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
30,077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30,077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
68,990
|
|
|
|
69,400
|
|
|
|
138,390
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and
stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
150,392
|
|
|
$
|
69,463
|
|
|
$
|
219,855
|
|
|
|
See accompanying
notes.
38
Approach
Resources Inc.
Unaudited combined pro forma statement of operations
Three months ended March 31, 2007
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resources Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
Neo Canyon
|
|
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
(in
thousands, except shares and per share
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
|
pro
forma
|
|
|
data)
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
adjustments
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
$
|
11,547
|
|
|
$
|
3,802
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
15,349
|
|
|
Overhead and services income
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(101
|
)(c)
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
11,680
|
|
|
|
3,802
|
|
|
(101
|
)
|
|
|
15,381
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating
|
|
|
979
|
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,416
|
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
1,646
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,646
|
|
|
Accretion of discount on asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
3,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,649
|
(d)
|
|
|
4,737
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
6,714
|
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
1,649
|
|
|
|
8,951
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
4,966
|
|
|
|
3,214
|
|
|
(1,750
|
)
|
|
|
6,430
|
|
|
Other income (expense):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(956
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(956
|
)
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
(4,626
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,626
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income (expense)
|
|
|
(5,582
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,582
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before provision
(benefit) for income taxes
|
|
|
(616
|
)
|
|
|
3,214
|
|
|
(1,750
|
)
|
|
|
848
|
|
|
Provision (benefit) for income
taxes
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
508
|
(e)
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(581
|
)
|
|
$
|
3,214
|
|
$
|
(2,258
|
)
|
|
$
|
375
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0.08
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
2,987,411
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,592,800
|
(g)
|
|
|
4,580,211
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
2,987,411
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,706,030
|
(h)
|
|
|
4,693,441
|
|
|
|
See accompanying
notes.
39
Approach
Resources Inc.
Unaudited combined pro forma statement of operations
Year ended December 31, 2006
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resources Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
Neo Canyon
|
|
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
Pro forma
|
|
|
pro forma
|
|
|
(in
thousands, except shares and per share data)
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
adjustments
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
$
|
52,894
|
|
|
$
|
19,558
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
72,452
|
|
|
Overhead and services income
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(339
|
)(c)
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
53,408
|
|
|
|
19,558
|
|
|
(339
|
)
|
|
|
72,627
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating
|
|
|
3,889
|
|
|
|
1,868
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,757
|
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
1,736
|
|
|
|
716
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,452
|
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
1,640
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,640
|
|
|
Impairment of non-producing
properties
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,930
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,930
|
|
|
Accretion of discount on asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
(f)
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
14,541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,514
|
(d)
|
|
|
22,055
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
25,304
|
|
|
|
2,584
|
|
|
7,518
|
|
|
|
35,406
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
28,104
|
|
|
|
16,974
|
|
|
(7,857
|
)
|
|
|
37,221
|
|
|
Other income (expense):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense, net
|
|
|
(3,814
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,814
|
)
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
8,668
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,668
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other income (expense)
|
|
|
4,854
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,854
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income
taxes
|
|
|
32,958
|
|
|
|
16,974
|
|
|
(7,857
|
)
|
|
|
42,075
|
|
|
Provision for income taxes
|
|
|
11,756
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,373
|
(e)
|
|
|
15,129
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
21,202
|
|
|
$
|
16,974
|
|
$
|
(11,230
|
)
|
|
$
|
26,946
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
7.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
5.78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
6.84
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
5.67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
3,012,414
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,650,608
|
(i)
|
|
|
4,663,022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
3,101,180
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,650,608
|
(i)
|
|
|
4,751,788
|
|
|
|
See accompanying
notes.
40
Approach
Resources Inc.
Notes to unaudited combined pro forma
financial statements
The accompanying unaudited combined pro forma balance sheet at
March 31, 2007 assumes that the acquisition of the Neo
Canyon interest occurred as of March 31, 2007. The
unaudited combined pro forma statement of operations for the
year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended
March 31, 2007 assume the acquisition occurred as of
January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2007, respectively. The
following adjustments have been made to the accompanying pro
forma statements:
|
|
| (a) |
To record the acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest for
$69.4 million by the issuance of 1,413,081 shares of
Approach Resources Inc. common stock at March 31, 2007, and
the assumption of related asset retirement obligations at that
date. The issuance of 1,413,081 shares of common stock is
subject to adjustment based on a potential split of Approach
Resources Inc. common stock. The following is a summary of the
purchase price and its allocation (in thousands):
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase price:
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of 1,413,081 shares
of Approach Resources Inc. common stock valued at $49.11 per
share
|
|
$
|
69,400
|
|
Plus: assumption of asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total purchase price
|
|
$
|
69,463
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocation:
|
|
|
|
|
Leasehold costs
|
|
$
|
750
|
|
Lease and well equipment
|
|
|
18,572
|
|
Intangible drilling costs
|
|
|
50,141
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
69,463
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (b)
|
To record the issuance of 329,719 shares of Approach
Resources Inc. common stock in exchange for 150,000 shares
of Approach Oil & Gas Inc. common stock.
|
| |
| (c)
|
To eliminate operating overhead recoveries by Approach from Neo
Canyon.
|
| |
| (d)
|
To adjust annual depletion and depreciation expense for the Neo
Canyon interest based on the acquisition price valued at
$69.5 million. The pro forma adjustment is based on the
production and reserve information summarized under Pro Forma
Supplementary Financial Information for Oil and Gas Producing
Activities (Unaudited) below.
|
| |
| (e)
|
To record additional provision for income tax related to the
acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest based on an
effective income tax rate of 34.66%.
|
| |
| (f)
|
To record additional accretion of discount on asset retirement
obligations related to the obligations assumed in the
acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest. The pro forma
amount for the three months ended March 31, 2007 is
inconsequential.
|
41
|
|
| (g) |
To adjust the weighted average shares outstanding for the
issuance of shares to Neo Canyon in exchange for the
interest acquired as well as shares issued to stockholders of
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. The pro forma adjustment
comprises the following:
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of shares for the
acquisition of Neo Canyon interest
|
|
|
1,413,081
|
|
|
Issuance of shares for the
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. combination
|
|
|
329,719
|
|
|
Purchase of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common shares
|
|
|
(150,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,592,800
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (h) |
To adjust the weighted average shares outstanding for the items
discussed in (f) and to record the dilutive impact of
restricted shares and stock options outstanding that would have
been anti-dilutive based on Approach Resources Inc. historical
amounts. The pro forma adjustment comprises the following:
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of shares for the
acquisition of Neo Canyon interest
|
|
|
1,413,081
|
|
|
Issuance of shares for the
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. combination
|
|
|
329,719
|
|
|
Purchase of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common shares
|
|
|
(150,000
|
)
|
|
Dilutive impact of non-vested
restricted stock grants
|
|
|
21,250
|
|
|
Dilutive impact of stock options
outstanding, treasury method
|
|
|
91,980
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,706,030
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (i) |
To adjust the weighted average shares outstanding for the
issuance of shares to Neo Canyon in exchange for the
interest acquired as well as shares issued to stockholders of
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. The pro forma adjustment
comprises the following:
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of shares for the
acquisition of Neo Canyon interest
|
|
|
1,413,081
|
|
|
Issuance of shares for the
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. combination
|
|
|
329,719
|
|
|
Purchase of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common shares (represents the weighted
average shares outstanding of Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
for the year ended December 31, 2006)
|
|
|
(92,192
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,650,608
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
Pro forma
supplementary financial information for oil and gas producing
activities (unaudited)
The following tables present certain unaudited pro forma
information concerning Approachs proved oil and gas
reserves giving effect to the acquisition of the Neo Canyon
interest as if it had occurred on January 1, 2006. There
are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating the quantities
of proved reserves and projecting future rates of production and
timing of development expenditures. The following reserve data
represent estimates only and should not be construed as being
exact. The proved oil and gas reserve information for Approach
and Neo Canyon is as of December 31, 2006 and reflects
prices and costs as of those dates.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
Resources Inc.
|
|
|
Neo Canyon
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
|
|
combined
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
pro forma
|
|
|
ReservesCrude
oil & natural gas liquids (MBbls)
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves at beginning of period
|
|
|
1,086
|
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
|
1,553
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
339
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
Revisions of previous estimates
|
|
|
(226
|
)
|
|
|
(105
|
)
|
|
|
(331
|
)
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(77
|
)
|
|
|
(32
|
)
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves at end of period
|
|
|
1,122
|
|
|
|
391
|
|
|
|
1,513
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed producing
reserves at end of period
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
|
170
|
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
Resources Inc.
|
|
|
Neo Canyon
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
|
|
combined
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
pro forma
|
|
|
ReservesNatural
gas (MMcf):
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves at beginning of period
|
|
|
102,405
|
|
|
|
42,899
|
|
|
|
145,304
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
15,655
|
|
|
|
6,421
|
|
|
|
22,076
|
|
|
Revisions of previous estimates
|
|
|
(13,121
|
)
|
|
|
(5,526
|
)
|
|
|
(18,647
|
)
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(6,282
|
)
|
|
|
(2,645
|
)
|
|
|
(8,927
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves at end of period
|
|
|
98,657
|
|
|
|
41,149
|
|
|
|
139,806
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed producing
reserves at end of period
|
|
|
51,004
|
|
|
|
21,400
|
|
|
|
72,404
|
|
|
|
|
|
43
Standardized
measure of discounted future cash flows (in
thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
Resources Inc.
|
|
|
Neo Canyon
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
|
|
combined
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
pro forma
|
|
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash inflows
|
|
$
|
709,184
|
|
|
$
|
292,399
|
|
|
$
|
1,001,583
|
|
|
Future production costs
|
|
|
(198,023
|
)
|
|
|
(81,784
|
)
|
|
|
(279,807
|
)
|
|
Future development costs
|
|
|
(108,451
|
)
|
|
|
(45,957
|
)
|
|
|
(154,408
|
)
|
|
Future income taxes
|
|
|
(109,784
|
)
|
|
|
(1,647
|
)
|
|
|
(111,431
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future net cash flows
|
|
|
292,926
|
|
|
|
163,011
|
|
|
|
455,937
|
|
|
10% annual discount
|
|
|
(215,049
|
)
|
|
|
(112,306
|
)
|
|
|
(327,355
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
77,877
|
|
|
$
|
50,705
|
|
|
$
|
128,582
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in
standardized measure of discounted future cash flows
(in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
Resources Inc.
|
|
|
Neo Canyon
|
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
|
|
combined
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
pro forma
|
|
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
146,439
|
|
|
$
|
109,078
|
|
|
$
|
255,517
|
|
|
Net changes in prices and
production costs
|
|
|
(106,246
|
)
|
|
|
(56,734
|
)
|
|
|
(162,980
|
)
|
|
Net changes in future development
costs
|
|
|
(43,229
|
)
|
|
|
(9,707
|
)
|
|
|
(52,936
|
)
|
|
Sales of oil and gas produced, net
|
|
|
(40,852
|
)
|
|
|
(16,974
|
)
|
|
|
(57,826
|
)
|
|
Net change due to extensions,
discoveries and improved recovery techniques
|
|
|
28,418
|
|
|
|
10,265
|
|
|
|
38,683
|
|
|
Revisions of previous quantity
estimates
|
|
|
(22,112
|
)
|
|
|
(9,314
|
)
|
|
|
(31,426
|
)
|
|
Previously estimated development
costs incurred
|
|
|
52,108
|
|
|
|
22,332
|
|
|
|
74,440
|
|
|
Net change in income taxes
|
|
|
52,303
|
|
|
|
(726
|
)
|
|
|
51,577
|
|
|
Accretion of discount
|
|
|
15,546
|
|
|
|
6,136
|
|
|
|
21,682
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(4,498
|
)
|
|
|
(3,651
|
)
|
|
|
(8,149
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
77,877
|
|
|
$
|
50,705
|
|
|
$
|
128,582
|
|
|
|
|
|
44
Selected
historical combined financial data
The following table sets forth our selected historical combined
financial data as of the dates and for the periods shown. Our
operations are currently conducted in two separate entities
under common control, Approach Resources Inc. and Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. Pursuant to a contribution agreement,
the operations of Approach Oil & Gas Inc. will be
combined under Approach Resources Inc., and we will also acquire
the Neo Canyon interest immediately prior to the closing of this
offering. The historical financial data for the year ended
December 31, 2002 has been derived from our unaudited
financial statements, which are not included in this prospectus.
The historical financial data for the year ended
December 31, 2003 have been derived from our audited
financial statements, which are not included in this prospectus.
The historical combined financial data for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and for the three months
ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 have been derived from the
combined financial statements of Approach Resources Inc. and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. included in this prospectus.
The following information should be read in conjunction with
Capitalization, Managements discussion
and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations and the historical combined and combined pro
forma financial statements included in this prospectus.
45
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 13,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
|
|
|
|
|
2002 to
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
|
ended
March 31,
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
(in thousands,
except per share data)
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
Statement of operations
data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
5,682
|
|
|
$
|
40,339
|
|
|
$
|
52,894
|
|
|
$
|
15,680
|
|
|
$
|
11,547
|
|
|
Overhead and services income
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
408
|
|
|
|
514
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,813
|
|
|
|
40,747
|
|
|
|
53,408
|
|
|
|
15,802
|
|
|
|
11,680
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
2,910
|
|
|
|
3,889
|
|
|
|
973
|
|
|
|
979
|
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
|
1,975
|
|
|
|
1,736
|
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
|
2,396
|
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
|
1,640
|
|
|
|
196
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
Impairment of non-producing
properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
|
1,535
|
|
|
|
2,074
|
|
|
|
3,067
|
|
|
|
2,930
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
1,646
|
|
|
Accretion of discount on asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
1,223
|
|
|
|
8,006
|
|
|
|
14,541
|
|
|
|
3,281
|
|
|
|
3,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
541
|
|
|
|
1,986
|
|
|
|
6,280
|
|
|
|
16,696
|
|
|
|
25,304
|
|
|
|
5,580
|
|
|
|
6,714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income (loss)
|
|
|
(408
|
)
|
|
|
(1,986
|
)
|
|
|
(467
|
)
|
|
|
24,051
|
|
|
|
28,104
|
|
|
|
10,222
|
|
|
|
4,966
|
|
|
Other:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
(802
|
)
|
|
|
(3,814
|
)
|
|
|
(725
|
)
|
|
|
(956
|
)
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,163
|
)
|
|
|
8,668
|
|
|
|
6,192
|
|
|
|
(4,626
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before provision for
income taxes
|
|
|
(409
|
)
|
|
|
(1,927
|
)
|
|
|
(266
|
)
|
|
|
19,086
|
|
|
|
32,958
|
|
|
|
15,689
|
|
|
|
(616
|
)
|
|
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,028
|
|
|
|
11,756
|
|
|
|
5,280
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(409
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,927
|
)
|
|
$
|
(266
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,058
|
|
|
$
|
21,202
|
|
|
$
|
10,409
|
|
|
$
|
(581
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(3.44
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
4.03
|
|
|
$
|
7.04
|
|
|
$
|
3.49
|
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(3.44
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
4.03
|
|
|
$
|
6.84
|
|
|
$
|
3.39
|
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statement of cash flows
data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided (used) by:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities
|
|
$
|
(258
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,391
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,527
|
|
|
$
|
40,304
|
|
|
$
|
34,110
|
|
|
$
|
12,616
|
|
|
$
|
5,687
|
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
(26,859
|
)
|
|
|
(71,939
|
)
|
|
|
(59,189
|
)
|
|
|
(24,578
|
)
|
|
|
(9,717
|
)
|
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
|
4,898
|
|
|
|
22,474
|
|
|
|
32,199
|
|
|
|
26,771
|
|
|
|
9,918
|
|
|
|
4,493
|
|
|
Other financial data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDAX(1)
|
|
|
(406
|
)
|
|
|
(1,535
|
)
|
|
|
3,152
|
|
|
|
32,791
|
|
|
|
44,877
|
|
|
|
13,699
|
|
|
|
8,677
|
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
25,313
|
|
|
|
73,485
|
|
|
|
59,189
|
|
|
|
24,578
|
|
|
|
9,717
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
See Reconciliation of
non-GAAP financial measures below for additional
information.
|
46
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December
31,
|
|
As of
March 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
combined
|
|
combined
|
|
combined
|
|
combined
|
|
combined
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
historical
|
|
historical
|
|
historical
|
|
historical
|
|
historical
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
21
|
|
|
$
|
2,513
|
|
$
|
2,656
|
|
$
|
3,219
|
|
$
|
4,911
|
|
$
|
1,175
|
|
$
|
5,374
|
|
Other current assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
6,458
|
|
|
16,305
|
|
|
13,200
|
|
|
16,660
|
|
|
6,776
|
|
Property and equipment, net,
successful efforts method
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
24,223
|
|
|
88,803
|
|
|
132,112
|
|
|
109,904
|
|
|
138,123
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,565
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
142
|
|
|
$
|
2,958
|
|
$
|
34,902
|
|
$
|
108,416
|
|
$
|
150,309
|
|
$
|
127,840
|
|
$
|
150,392
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities
|
|
$
|
499
|
|
|
$
|
86
|
|
$
|
9,827
|
|
$
|
32,746
|
|
$
|
15,421
|
|
$
|
26,811
|
|
$
|
11,564
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
29,425
|
|
|
47,619
|
|
|
40,660
|
|
|
52,169
|
|
Other long-term liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
6,555
|
|
|
17,697
|
|
|
11,562
|
|
|
17,669
|
|
Stockholders equity (deficit)
|
|
|
(357
|
)
|
|
|
2,872
|
|
|
24,876
|
|
|
39,690
|
|
|
69,572
|
|
|
48,807
|
|
|
68,990
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and
stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
142
|
|
|
$
|
2,958
|
|
$
|
34,902
|
|
$
|
108,416
|
|
$
|
150,309
|
|
$
|
127,840
|
|
$
|
150,392
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of
non-GAAP financial measures
The following table shows our reconciliation of our
PV-10 to our
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows (the
most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or
GAAP). PV-10
is our estimate of the present value of future net revenues from
estimated proved gas reserves after deducting estimated
production and ad valorem taxes, future capital costs and
operating expenses, but before deducting any estimates of future
income taxes. The estimated future net revenues are discounted
at an annual rate of 10% to determine their present
value. We believe
PV-10 to be
an important measure for evaluating the relative significance of
our gas and oil properties and that the presentation of the
non-GAAP financial measure of
PV-10
provides useful information to investors because it is widely
used by professional analysts and sophisticated investors in
evaluating gas and oil companies. Because there are many unique
factors that can impact an individual company when estimating
the amount of future income taxes to be paid, we believe the use
of a pre-tax measure is valuable for evaluating our company. We
believe that most other companies in the oil and gas industry
calculate
PV-10 on the
same basis.
47
PV-10 should
not be considered as an alternative to the standardized measure
of discounted future net cash flows as computed under GAAP.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PV-10
|
|
$
|
179,865
|
|
|
Less: Undiscounted income taxes
|
|
|
(111,431
|
)
|
|
Plus: 10% discount factor
|
|
|
60,148
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discounted income taxes
|
|
|
(51,283
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
128,582
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table reconciles our net income to EBITDAX.
EBITDAX is defined as net income or loss excluding income tax,
non-cash compensation, changes in fair value of commodity
derivatives, exploration and other impairment costs,
depreciation, depletion and amortization and interest expense.
Although EBITDAX is not calculated in accordance with GAAP,
management believes that it is a widely accepted financial
indicator that provides additional information about our
profitability, ability to meet our future requirements for debt
service, capital expenditures and working capital. EBITDAX
should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net
income, operating income, net cash provided by operating
activities or any other measure of financial performance
presented in accordance with GAAP.
While we have disclosed our EBITDAX to permit a more complete
comparative analysis of our operating performance and debt
servicing ability relative to other companies, investors should
be cautioned that EBITDAX as reported by us may not be
comparable in all instances to EBITDAX as reported by other
companies. In addition, EBITDAX amounts may not be fully
available for managements discretionary use, due to the
requirements to conserve funds for capital expenditures, debt
service or other commitments.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 13,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
|
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
|
|
2002 to
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
|
ended
March 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Year ended
|
|
|
ended
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
combined
|
|
combined
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
combined
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
historical
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(409
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,927
|
)
|
|
$
|
(266
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,058
|
|
$
|
21,202
|
|
|
$
|
10,409
|
|
|
$
|
(581
|
)
|
|
$
|
26,946
|
|
|
$
|
375
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,028
|
|
|
11,756
|
|
|
|
5,280
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
15,129
|
|
|
|
473
|
|
Non-cash compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,163
|
|
|
(8,668
|
)
|
|
|
(6,192
|
)
|
|
|
4,626
|
|
|
|
(8,668
|
)
|
|
|
4,626
|
|
Exploration and impairment costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
|
2,396
|
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
2,198
|
|
|
|
196
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
2,198
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
1,223
|
|
|
|
8,006
|
|
|
14,541
|
|
|
|
3,281
|
|
|
|
3,088
|
|
|
|
22,055
|
|
|
|
4,737
|
|
Interest expense (income)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
(59
|
)
|
|
|
(201
|
)
|
|
|
802
|
|
|
3,814
|
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
|
956
|
|
|
|
3,814
|
|
|
|
956
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDAX
|
|
$
|
(406
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,535
|
)
|
|
$
|
3,152
|
|
|
$
|
32,791
|
|
$
|
44,877
|
|
|
$
|
13,699
|
|
|
$
|
8,677
|
|
|
$
|
61,508
|
|
|
$
|
11,790
|
|
|
|
|
48
Managements
discussion and analysis of financial
condition and results of operations
The following discussion is intended to assist in understanding
our results of operations and our financial condition. Our
combined financial statements and the accompanying notes
included elsewhere in this prospectus contain additional
information that should be referred to when reviewing this
material. Statements in this discussion may be forward-looking.
These forward-looking statements involve risks and
uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ from
those expressed.
Overview
We are an independent energy company engaged in the exploration,
development, exploitation, production and acquisition of
unconventional oil and gas properties onshore in the United
States. We are focusing our growth efforts primarily on finding
and developing natural gas reserves in known tight gas sands and
shale areas and have assembled leasehold interests aggregating
approximately 231,000 gross (177,000 net) acres. We
expect to leverage our management teams proven track
record of finding and exploiting unconventional reservoirs
through application of advanced completion, fracturing and
drilling techniques. As the operator of substantially all of our
proved reserves, we have a high degree of control over capital
expenditures and other operating matters.
We currently operate in three areas: West Texas (Wolfcamp,
Canyon Sands and Ellenburger), Western Kentucky (New Albany
Shale) and Northern New Mexico (Mancos Shale). As of
December 31, 2006, all of our proved reserves and
production were located in our West Texas operating area and
substantially all of those reserves and production were located
in the Ozona Northeast field.
Our financial results depend upon many factors, particularly the
price of oil and gas. Commodity prices are affected by changes
in market demand, which is impacted by overall economic
activity, weather, pipeline capacity constraints, inventory
storage levels, gas price differentials and other factors. As a
result, we cannot accurately predict future oil and gas prices,
and therefore, we cannot determine what effect increases or
decreases will have on our capital program, production volumes
and future revenues. In addition to production volumes and
commodity prices, finding and developing sufficient amounts of
oil and gas reserves at economical costs are critical to our
long-term success. Future finding and development costs are
subject to changes in the industry, including the costs of
acquiring, drilling and completing our projects.
Higher oil and gas prices have led to higher demand for drilling
rigs, operating personnel and field supplies and services and
have caused increases in the costs of those goods and services.
To date, the higher sales prices have more than offset the
higher drilling and operating costs. Given the inherent
volatility of gas prices, which are influenced by many factors
beyond our control, we plan our activities and budget based on
conservative sales price assumptions, which generally are lower
than the average sales prices received. We focus our efforts on
increasing gas reserves and production while controlling costs
at a level that is appropriate for long-term operations. Our
future cash flow from operations will depend on our ability to
manage our overall cost structure.
Like all oil and gas production companies, we face the challenge
of natural production declines. Oil and gas production from a
given well naturally decreases over time. Additionally, our
49
reserves have a rapid initial decline. We attempt to overcome
this natural decline by drilling to develop and identify
additional reserves and by acquisitions. Our future growth will
depend upon our ability to continue to add oil and gas reserves
in excess of production at a reasonable cost. We will maintain
our focus on the costs of adding reserves through drilling and
acquisitions as well as the costs necessary to produce such
reserves.
We also face the challenge of financing future acquisitions. We
plan to use the proceeds of this offering to repay the
$ million of outstanding
borrowings under our revolving credit facility plus accrued
interest. At that point, we believe we will have adequate unused
borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility for
possible acquisitions, temporary working capital needs and any
expansion of our drilling program. Funding for future
acquisitions also may require additional sources of financing,
which may not be available.
Our operations are currently conducted in two separate entities
under common control, Approach Resources Inc. and Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. Pursuant to a contribution agreement,
the operations of these two entities will be combined under
Approach Resources Inc., and we will also acquire the Neo Canyon
interest immediately before the closing of this offering.
Critical
accounting policies and estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations are based upon our combined financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
accounting policies generally accepted in the United States. The
preparation of our combined financial statements requires us to
make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported results
of operations and the amount of reported assets, liabilities and
proved oil and gas reserves. Some accounting policies involve
judgments and uncertainties to such an extent that there is
reasonable likelihood that materially different amounts could
have been reported under different conditions, or if different
assumptions had been used. Actual results may differ from the
estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our
combined financial statements. Described below are the most
significant policies we apply in preparing our combined
financial statements, some of which are subject to alternative
treatments under GAAP. We also describe the most significant
estimates and assumptions we make in applying these policies.
See notes to the financial statements under the heading
Summary of significant accounting policies for
additional accounting policies and estimates by management.
Oil and gas
activities
Accounting for oil and gas activities is subject to special,
unique rules. We use the successful efforts method for
accounting for our oil and gas activities. The significant
principles for this method are:
|
|
|
|
geological and geophysical evaluation costs are expensed as
incurred;
|
| |
|
|
dry holes for exploratory wells are expensed, and dry holes for
developmental wells are capitalized; and
|
| |
|
|
impairments of properties, if any, are based on the evaluation
of the carrying value of properties against their fair value
based upon pools of properties grouped by geographical and
geological conformity.
|
50
|
|
|
Our engineering estimates of proved oil and gas reserves
directly impact financial accounting estimates including
depletion, depreciation and amortization expense, evaluation of
impairment of properties and the calculation of plugging and
abandonment liabilities. Proved oil and gas reserves are the
estimated quantities of oil and gas that geological and
engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be
recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under
period-end economic and operating conditions. The process of
estimating quantities of proved reserves is very complex,
requiring significant subjective decisions in the evaluation of
all geological, engineering and economic data for each
reservoir. The data for any reservoir may change substantially
over time as a result of changing results from operational
activity and results. Changes in commodity prices, operation
costs and techniques may also affect the overall evaluation of
reservoirs. A hypothetical 10% decline in our December 31,
2006 proved reserves volumes would have resulted in
approximately $1.4 million of additional depletion expense
for the year ended December 31, 2006.
|
Our estimated proved reserves as of December 31, 2006 were
prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton.
Derivative
instruments and hedging activities
All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at
fair value. Changes in the derivatives fair value are
currently recognized in the statement of operations unless
specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For qualifying
cash-flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is deferred
in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the extent
the hedge is effective. The ineffective portion of the hedge is
recognized immediately in the statement of operations. Gains and
losses on hedging instruments included in cumulative other
comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to oil and gas
sales revenue in the period that the related production is
delivered. Derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge
accounting treatment are recorded as derivative assets and
liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet, and the
associated unrealized gains and losses are recorded as current
income or expense in the statement of operations.
Historically, we have not designated our derivative instruments
as cash-flow hedges. We record our open derivative instruments
at fair value on our combined balance sheets as either
unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivatives. We record
changes in such fair value in earnings on our combined
statements of operations under the caption entitled change
in fair value of commodity derivatives.
Although we have not designated our derivative instruments as
cash-flow hedges, we use those instruments to reduce our
exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices related to our oil
and gas production. Accordingly, we record realized gains and
losses under those instruments in oil and gas sales revenues on
our combined statements of operations. For the years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2006, we recognized an unrealized
loss of $4,163,098 and an unrealized gain of $8,668,095 from
changes in the fair values of commodity derivatives,
respectively. A 10% increase in the NYMEX floating prices would
have resulted in a $2.0 million decrease in the
December 31, 2006 fair value recorded on our balance sheet,
and a corresponding increase to loss on commodity derivatives in
our statement of operations.
51
Recent accounting
pronouncements
On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board, or FASB, published Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 123 (Revised 2004), Share Based
Payment, or SFAS 123(R). SFAS 123(R) requires
compensation cost related to share based payment transactions to
be recognized in the financial statements. Share based payment
transactions within the scope of SFAS 123(R) include stock
options, restricted stock plans, performance based awards, stock
appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans. The
provisions of SFAS 123(R) were effective for us as of the
first annual reporting period beginning after December 15,
2005. Accordingly, we implemented the revised standard on
January 1, 2006.
In March 2005, FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 47,
Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations,
or FIN 47. FIN 47 clarifies the definition and
treatment of conditional asset retirement obligations as
discussed in FASB Statement No. 143, Accounting for
Asset Retirement Obligations. A conditional asset retirement
obligation is defined as an asset retirement activity in which
the timing
and/or
method of settlement are dependent on future events that may be
outside our control. FIN 47 states that we must record
a liability when incurred for conditional asset retirement
obligations if the fair value of the obligation is reasonably
estimable. This interpretation is intended to provide more
information about long-lived assets, future cash outflows for
these obligations and more consistent recognition of these
liabilities. FIN 47 is effective for fiscal years ending
after December 15, 2005. We do not believe that our
financial position, results of operations or cash flows will be
impacted by FIN 47.
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan
Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, or
FIN 48. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for
uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a companys
financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and
measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition
and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken
in a tax return. We adopted FIN 48 on January 1, 2007
and it did not have a material impact on our financial
statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements, or FAS 157. FAS 157
defines fair value to measure assets and liabilities,
establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires
additional disclosures about the use of fair value. FAS 157
is applicable whenever another accounting pronouncement requires
or permits assets and liabilities to be measured at fair value.
FAS 157 does not expand or require any new fair value
measures. FAS 157 is effective for our fiscal year
beginning January 1, 2008. We are currently evaluating the
impact that the adoption of FAS 157 will have on our
financial position or results of operations.
Effects of
inflation
Inflation in the United States has been relatively low in recent
years and did not have a material impact on our results of
operations for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 or
2006. Although the impact of inflation has been insignificant in
recent years, it is still a factor in the United States economy
and may increase the cost to acquire or replace property, plant
and equipment. It may also increase the cost of labor or
supplies. To the extent permitted by competition, regulation and
our existing agreements, we have and will continue to pass along
increased costs to our customers in the form of higher prices.
52
Stock based and
other compensation
Our 2007 Stock Incentive Plan allows grants of stock and options
to management and key employees. Granting of awards may increase
our general and administrative expenses subject to the size and
timing of the grants.
Public company
expenses
We believe that our general and administrative expenses will
increase in connection with the completion of this offering as a
result of us operating as a public company. This increase will
consist of legal and accounting fees and additional expenses
associated with compliance with the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
and other regulations. We anticipate that our ongoing general
and administrative expenses also will increase as a result of
being a publicly traded company. This increase will be due
primarily to the cost of accounting support services, filing
annual and quarterly reports with the SEC, investor relations,
directors fees, directors and officers
insurance and registrar and transfer agent fees. As a result, we
believe that our general and administrative expenses for future
periods will increase significantly. Our consolidated financial
statements following the completion of this offering will
reflect the impact of these increased expenses and affect the
comparability of our financial statements with periods before
the completion of this offering.
Results of
operations
Three months
ended March 31, 2006 and 2007
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
1,837
|
|
|
1,357
|
|
Average sales prices (per Mcfe)
(before hedging)
|
|
$
|
7.76
|
|
$
|
6.92
|
|
Costs and expenses (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expenses
|
|
$
|
973
|
|
$
|
980
|
|
Production taxes
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
375
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
3,281
|
|
|
3,088
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
1,646
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales. Oil and gas sales decreased
$4.1 million, or 26.4%, for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 to $11.6 million from
$15.7 million for the three months ended March 31,
2006. The decrease in gas sales principally resulted from the
natural decline in production of our tight gas sands in the
Northeast Ozona field. Further, we had four rigs drilling in the
second half of 2005 and the first half of 2006, which
dramatically increased production in the first quarter of 2006
from new wells placed in production compared to the use of only
one rig in the latter part of 2006 and early 2007. Additionally,
the average price for gas including the effects of hedging
increased slightly by $0.11 per Mcfe, or 1.3%, from $8.40 per
Mcfe for the three months ended March 31, 2006 to $8.51 per
Mcfe for the three months ended March 31, 2007, which
partially offset the production decline. Gas sales represented
87.9% of the total oil and
53
gas sales for the three months ended March 31, 2007
compared to 90.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Commodity derivative activities. Realized gains from
our commodity derivative activity increased our revenues
$2.2 million for the three months ended March 31,
2007. In comparison, our commodity derivative activity increased
our revenues $1.4 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2006. The increase resulted from the relative
movement of the NYMEX gas prices in relation to the fixed
notional pricing for the respective time periods.
Overhead and services income. Overhead and services
income for the three months ended March 31, 2007 increased
$11,000, or 9.5%, to $133,000 from $122,000 for the three months
ended March 31, 2006. This increase resulted from our
continued development of the Ozona Northeast field.
Lease operating expense. Our lease operating
expenses increased $7,000, or 0.7%, for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 to $980,000 ($0.72 per Mcfe) from $973,000
($0.53 per Mcfe) for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
The primary factor in the slight increase in lease operating
expense was an increase of approximately $100,000 in our
estimated ad valorem taxes in the 2007 period, which partially
was offset by the release later in 2006 of one of our seven
rented compressors and an amine unit.
Severance and production taxes. Our production taxes
decreased $5,000, or 1.3%, for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 to $375,000 from $380,000 for the three
months ended March 31, 2006. The decrease in production
taxes was a function of the reduced oil and gas sales in 2007,
offset partly by the timing of severance tax refunds in the 2006
period.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
(DD&A). Our DD&A expense decreased $200,000,
or 5.9%, to $3.1 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 from $3.3 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2006. Our DD&A expense per Mcfe
produced increased by $0.47, or 26.3%, to $2.26 per Mcfe for the
three months ended March 31, 2007, as compared to $1.79 per
Mcfe for the three months ended March 31, 2006. This
increase was primarily attributable to our drilling of mostly
proved undeveloped locations in the 2007 period, which were
previously recorded in our prior years reserves, which had
the effect of increasing production but did not increase
reserves to the same degree.
Exploration. Our dry hole costs associated with
exploratory drilling increased $427,000 to $623,000 for the
three months ended March 31, 2007 from $196,000 for the
three months ended March 31, 2006. The 2007 dry hole costs
resulted from a mechanical failure in the drilling of a test
well in our Boomerang prospect.
General and administrative. Our general and
administrative expenses increased $895,000, or 119.3%, to
$1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007
from $750,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006.
The increase in general and administrative expense was
principally due to bonus payments made in the first quarter of
2007 to cover tax liabilities incurred by management in
connection with the repayment of management notes in January
2007. See Certain relationships and related party
transactionsOther related party transactions.
Interest income (expense), net. Our interest expense
increased $231,000, or 31.8%, to $956,000 for the three months
ended March 31, 2007 from $725,000 for the three months
ended March 31, 2006. This increase was a function of
increased borrowings in 2006 to fund our development of the
Ozona Northeast field and higher interest rates.
54
Income taxes. Our provision (benefit) for income
taxes decreased $5.3 million, or 100.7%, to a benefit of
$35,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007, from a
provision of $5.3 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2006. The decrease in income tax expense is
consistent with the decrease in our income before income taxes.
Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended
March 31, 2006 amounted to 33.7% compared with 5.7% for the
three months ended March 31, 2007. The decrease in the
effective rate results primarily from changes in the valuation
allowance provided against net operating loss carryovers for
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. We do not recognize a tax
benefit for the net operating loss carryovers of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. based on our assessment of the
likelihood of Approach Oil & Gas Inc. being able to
utilize those carryovers to reduce future taxable income.
Subsequent to the combination of Approach Oil & Gas
Inc. and Approach Resources Inc., we believe that the net
operating loss carryovers of Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
will be available to offset our future taxable income, subject
to certain limits.
Years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2006
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
5,012
|
|
|
6,744
|
|
Average sales prices (per Mcfe)
(before hedging)
|
|
$
|
8.63
|
|
$
|
6.92
|
|
Costs and expenses (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expenses
|
|
$
|
2,910
|
|
$
|
3,889
|
|
Production taxes
|
|
|
1,975
|
|
|
1,736
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
8,006
|
|
|
14,541
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
3,067
|
|
|
2,930
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales. Oil and gas sales increased
$12.6 million, or 31.1%, for the year ended
December 31, 2006 to $52.9 million from
$40.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
The increase in sales principally resulted from a 34.6% increase
in production, as we drilled and completed 81 gross (53.5
net) wells in 2006. Additionally, the average price for gas
before the effect of hedging decreased $1.71 per Mcfe, or 19.8%,
from $8.63 per Mcfe in 2005 to $6.92 per Mcfe in 2006 as the
2005 period included the effects of the spike in gas prices
after Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita. Gas sales
represented 89.7% of the total oil and gas sales in 2006
compared to 92.7% in 2005.
Commodity derivative activities. Realized gains from
our commodity derivative activity increased our revenues
$6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. In
comparison, realized losses from our commodity derivative
activity decreased our revenues $2.9 million for the year
ended December 31, 2005. During the years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2006, we used gas swaps to mitigate
commodity price risk. During 2005, commodity prices tended to be
higher than the notional prices specified in our swap
agreements, which resulted in a loss to us. In contrast, during
2006, commodity prices tended to be lower than the prices
specified in our swap agreements, which resulted in a gain to us.
55
Overhead and services income. Overhead and services
income increased $106,000, or 26.0%, for the year ended
December 31, 2006 to $514,000 from $408,000 for the year
ended December 31, 2005. This increase resulted from the
addition of wells from our drilling program.
Lease operating expense. Our lease operating
expenses increased $1.0 million, or 33.7%, for the year
ended December 31, 2006 to $3.9 million from
$2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
This increase primarily was the result of a $765,000 increase in
ad valorem taxes and from increased pumper costs of $200,000
from the continued development of the Ozona Northeast properties.
Severance and production taxes. Our production taxes
decreased $239,000, or 12.1%, for the year ended
December 31, 2006 to $1.7 million from
$2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The
decrease in production taxes is a function of increased oil and
gas revenues that were more than offset by refunds received
applicable to prior years.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
(DD&A). Our DD&A expense increased
$6.5 million, or 81.6%, to $14.5 million for the year
ended December 31, 2006 from $8.0 million for the year
ended December 31, 2005. Our DD&A expense per Mcfe
produced increased by $0.56, or 35.0%, to $2.16 per Mcfe for the
year ended December 31, 2006, as compared to $1.60 per Mcfe
for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was
primarily attributable to increased production and increased oil
and gas property costs in 2006.
Exploration. Our dry hole costs associated with
exploratory drilling increased $907,000 to $1.6 million for
the year ended December 31, 2006 from $700,000 for the year
ended December 31, 2005. We had nominal charges for
geological evaluation costs.
General and administrative. Our general and
administrative expenses decreased $137,000, or 4.5%, to
$2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from
$3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The
decrease in general and administrative expense was principally
due to the accrual in 2005 of bonuses totaling approximately
$800,000 that did not recur in 2006, offset by increases in 2006
for professional fees, the number of employees and increases in
their compensation and benefits.
Interest income (expense), net. Our interest expense
increased $3.0 million, or 375%, to $3.8 million for
the year ended December 31, 2006 from $802,000 for the year
ended December 31, 2005. This significant increase was a
function of increased borrowings under our revolving credit
facility and an increase in interest rates during 2006.
Income taxes. Income taxes increased
$4.8 million, or 67.3%, to $11.8 million for the year
ended December 31, 2006 from $7.0 million for the year
ended December 31, 2005. Income taxes increased consistent
with our income before tax, offset by a decrease in our
effective tax rates, which amounted to 36.8% and 35.7% for the
years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Our
effective tax rate decreased due primarily to a change in the
tax law in the State of Texas which changed the tax from 4.5% of
net income to 1% of our margin, as defined in the
new law. Based on this change in the Texas tax law, we reduced
our deferred tax liability by approximately $1.1 million
for the year ended December 31, 2006.
56
Years ended
December 31, 2004 and 2005
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net production (MMcfe)
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
5,012
|
|
Average sales prices (per Mcfe)
(before hedging)
|
|
$
|
6.26
|
|
$
|
8.63
|
|
Costs and expenses (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expenses
|
|
$
|
179
|
|
$
|
2,910
|
|
Production taxes
|
|
|
406
|
|
|
1,975
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
1,223
|
|
|
8,006
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,074
|
|
|
3,067
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales. Oil and gas sales increased
$34.6 million to $40.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 2005 from $5.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004. This increase in oil and gas sales
principally resulted from the substantial increase in gas prices
in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita in the
third quarter of 2005 and our increased drilling activities in
2005. We drilled 113 and completed 110 successful wells during
the year ended December 31, 2005 in the Ozona Northeast
field in West Texas. In addition, our first few wells in the
Ozona Northeast field were not completed and producing until May
2004 and, therefore, the full year of production from these
wells in 2005 further contributed to the increase in gas and oil
production from 2004 to 2005.
Commodity derivative activities. We had no commodity
derivatives in place prior to 2005. Realized losses from our
commodity derivative activity decreased our revenues
$2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
During the year ended December 31, 2005, we used gas swaps
to mitigate commodity price risk. During 2005, commodity prices
tended to be higher than the notional prices specified in our
swap agreements, which resulted in a loss to us.
Overhead and services income. Overhead and services
income increased $278,000 to $408,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2005 from $130,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2004. This increase was a result of the
addition of wells from our drilling program.
Lease operating expense. Lease operating expense
increased $2.7 million to $2.9 million for the year
ended December 31, 2005 from $179,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2004. This increase was primarily attributable
to our increased compression facility costs to handle the
increase in gas produced.
Severance and production taxes. Our production taxes
increased $1.6 million to $2.0 million for the year
ended December 31, 2005 from $406,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2004. This increase was a function of
increased production and increased pricing.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
(DD&A). Our DD&A expense increased
$6.8 million to $8.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2005 from $1.2 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004. Our DD&A expense per Mcfe produced
increased by $0.25, or 18.5%, to $1.60 per Mcfe for the year
ended December 31, 2005, as compared to $1.35 per Mcfe for
the year ended December 31, 2004. This increase was
primarily attributable to increased production and oil and gas
property costs in 2005.
57
General and administrative. Our general and
administrative expenses increased $1.0 million, or 47.9%,
to $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005
from $2.1 million for the year ended December 31,
2004. This increase was largely due to the accrual of $800,000
for bonuses in 2005.
Interest expense. Our interest expense, net of
interest income, increased $1.0 million to $802,000 for the
year ended December 31, 2005 from interest income of
$201,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004. This
increase was primarily attributable to the increase in the
average amount borrowed under our revolving credit facility as a
result of increased costs from our drilling program.
Income taxes. Our income tax expense increased for
the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to 2004 as net
income increased from 2004 to 2005. We recorded an accrual of
$580,000 as an estimate of the current taxes due for 2005.
Additionally, we recorded a deferred tax provision of
$6.4 million in 2005 largely due to the difference in
depletion, depreciation and capitalization methods for oil and
gas properties. No taxes were accrued for 2004 as we utilized
net operating loss carryforwards to offset any potential
liability.
Liquidity and
capital resources
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, the majority of
our cash was generated from operating and financing activities.
We used $4.5 million of proceeds from borrowings and cash
flow from operations of $5.7 million to fund
$9.7 million of capital expenditures related to our
drilling program activities. During the same three months in
2006, we used $12.6 million of cash flow from operations
and $11.2 million of proceeds from borrowings under our
revolving credit facility and available cash to fund
$24.6 million for our drilling program and
$1.3 million to repurchase shares and options.
Our primary sources of cash in 2006 were from financing and
operating activities. Approximately $18.2 million from
borrowings under our revolving credit facility,
$6.5 million from the issuance of common stock,
$3.5 million from a loan from one of our stockholders and
cash from operations were used to fund our drilling program and
the acquisition of another working interest in the Ozona
Northeast field.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, cash flow from
operations of $40.3 million, borrowings under our revolving
credit facility of $29.3 million and $3.0 million from
the issuance of common stock provided the funds to drill
additional wells in the Ozona Northeast field.
For the year ended December 31, 2004, operating cash flow
of $4.5 million combined with $22.4 million from the
issuance of common stock funded our initial drilling activities
in the Ozona Northeast field.
Our cash flow from operations is driven by commodity prices and
production volumes. Prices for oil and gas are driven by
seasonal influences of weather, national and international
economic and political environments and, increasingly, from
heightened demand for hydrocarbons from emerging nations,
particularly China and India. Our working capital is
significantly influenced by changes in commodity prices and
significant declines in prices could decrease our exploration
and development expenditures. Cash flows from operations were
primarily used to fund exploration and development of our
mineral interests. Our cash flows from operations increased
dramatically between 2004 and 2005 as we developed the Ozona
Northeast field. In comparing
58
2005 and 2006, our cash flows from operations declined slightly
due to a $6.2 million decrease in working capital
components partially offset by the increase in oil and gas sales
in 2006.
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of funds for
the periods noted:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
ended
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows provided by operating
activities
|
|
$
|
4,527
|
|
|
$
|
40,304
|
|
|
$
|
34,110
|
|
|
$
|
12,616
|
|
|
$
|
5,687
|
|
|
Cash flows used in investing
activities
|
|
|
(26,859
|
)
|
|
|
(71,939
|
)
|
|
|
(59,189
|
)
|
|
|
(24,578
|
)
|
|
|
(9,717
|
)
|
|
Cash flows provided by financing
activities
|
|
|
22,474
|
|
|
|
32,199
|
|
|
|
26,771
|
|
|
|
9,918
|
|
|
|
4,493
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
142
|
|
|
$
|
564
|
|
|
$
|
1,692
|
|
|
$
|
(2,044
|
)
|
|
$
|
463
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, our cash flow
from operations was used for drilling activities. The
$5.7 million in cash flow generated in the first three
months of 2007 decreased $6.9 million from the first three
months of 2006 due mostly to lower oil and gas sales and higher
general and administrative expenses in the 2007 period.
Net cash provided by operating activities increased from
$4.5 million in 2004 to $40.3 million in 2005 and to
$34.1 million in 2006. The increase in 2005 resulted from
increased sales volumes from our successful drilling activities
and increased commodity prices. In comparing 2005 and 2006, our
cash flows from operations declined in part due to a
$6.2 million decrease in working capital components
partially offset by the increase in oil and gas sales and net
income in 2006 from our continued development of the Ozona
Northeast field in West Texas.
Investing
activities
Of the cash flows used in investing activities in the first
three months of 2007, $4.8 million was for the continued
development of the Ozona Northeast field, $1.8 million for
the drilling of the test wells in our Boomerang prospect,
$2.7 million for the acquisition of the El Vado East
leasehold and $400,000 for wells in our Cinco Terry project. For
the comparable period of 2006, $24.6 million was for the
drilling of Ozona Northeast wells.
The majority of our cash flows used in investing activities for
2004 through 2006 have been used for the continued development
of the Ozona Northeast field. In 2006, an additional
$4.1 million was used for undeveloped leaseholds in our
Cinco Terry and Boomerang fields, and $3.4 million was
invested in the initial wells in our Cinco Terry project.
We have established an exploratory and development budget of
$47.9 million and $66.0 million for 2007 and 2008,
respectively, after the completion of the acquisition of the Neo
Canyon interest. Our budgets are established based on expected
volumes to be produced and commodity prices.
59
Financing
activities
We borrowed $4.6 million under our revolving credit
facility in the first three months of 2007 as compared to
$11.2 million in the first three months of 2006. In
addition, $1.3 million was spent in the first three months
of 2006 to purchase common stock and related options from a
former employee.
During 2006, we sold approximately $6.5 million of common
stock. These proceeds were primarily used to fund the
acquisition of our Boomerang prospect and drilling costs for our
Cinco Terry project.
In February 2007, we entered into an amended and restated
$100 million revolving credit facility with The Frost
National Bank. As of December 31, 2006, we had an
outstanding balance under the previous facility of approximately
$47.6 million, with a borrowing base of $75 million.
The borrowing base is subject to adjustment twice each year. The
assessment by the bank petroleum engineers is based on their
evaluation of the future cash flows from proved oil and gas
reserves using the banks pricing parameters.
Our goal is to actively manage our borrowings to help us
maintain the flexibility to expand and invest, and to avoid the
problems associated with highly leveraged companies of large
interest costs and possible debt reductions restricting ongoing
operations.
We believe that cash flow from operations will finance
substantially all of our anticipated drilling, exploration and
capital needs and therefore, allow us to use our revolving
credit facility for possible acquisitions, temporary working
capital needs through 2008 and any expansion of our drilling
program.
60
Future capital
expenditures for 2007 and 2008
The following table summarizes information regarding our
historical 2006 and estimated 2007 and 2008 capital
expenditures. The 2007 and 2008 estimates include the interest
of Neo Canyon after completion of the acquisition of the 30%
working interest in the Ozona Northeast field that we do not
already own. We will be required to meet our needs from our
internally generated cash flow, debt financings and equity
financings. The estimated capital expenditures are subject to
change depending upon a number of factors, including the results
of our development and exploration efforts, the availability of
sufficient capital resources to us and other participants for
drilling prospects, economic and industry conditions at the time
of drilling, including prevailing and anticipated prices for oil
and gas and the availability of drilling rigs and crews, our
financial results and the availability of leases on reasonable
terms and our ability to obtain permits for the drilling
locations.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
|
year ended
|
|
Year ending
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozona Northeast
|
|
$
|
52,108
|
|
$
|
34,300
|
|
$
|
50,500
|
|
Cinco Terry
|
|
|
3,176
|
|
|
2,200
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
Western Kentucky
|
|
|
3,873
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
6,600
|
|
Northern New Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,800
|
|
|
4,500
|
|
Geological, geophysical and other
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,400
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capital expenditures
|
|
$
|
59,157
|
|
$
|
49,300
|
|
$
|
66,500
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
facility
In February 2007, we entered into an amended and restated
$100 million revolving credit facility with The Frost
National Bank. In June 2007, we extended the due date of any
balance outstanding at maturity to July 2010. The availability
of funds under our revolving credit facility is subject to a
borrowing base which was initially set at, and currently is,
$75 million. The borrowing base will be redetermined every
six months or, upon the election by us or the bank, one
additional time each calendar year.
Our revolving credit facility provides for interest on
outstanding amounts to accrue at a rate calculated, at our
option, at either (i) the adjusted base rate, or
(ii) the London Interbank Offered Rate plus a margin which
ranges from 1.25% to 2.0% per annum, as applicable, as amounts
outstanding under our revolving credit facility increase as a
percentage of the borrowing base. In addition, we pay an annual
commitment fee of 0.375% of non-utilized borrowings available
under our revolving credit facility.
We are subject to a financial covenant requiring maintenance of
a minimum modified ratio of current assets to current
liabilities. In addition, we are subject to covenants
restricting cash dividends and other restricted payments,
transactions with affiliates, incurrence of other debt,
consolidations and mergers, the level of operating leases,
assets sales, investments in other entities and liens on
properties.
61
Loans under our revolving credit facility are secured by first
priority liens on substantially all of our West Texas assets
including equity interests in our subsidiaries. All outstanding
amounts under our revolving credit facility are due and payable
in July 2010.
We anticipate that the proceeds to us from this offering will be
used to pay off outstanding borrowings under our revolving
credit facility. As of December 31, 2006 and March 31,
2007, the outstanding balance under our revolving credit
facility was $47.6 million and $52.2 million,
respectively.
Contractual
commitments
We have a lease for our current office space in Fort Worth,
Texas, that expires in May 2009. Our obligation under this lease
is approximately $119,000 per year. In April 2007, we signed a
five-year lease for approximately 13,000 square feet of
space in Fort Worth, Texas. In November 2007, we will begin
rent payments of approximately $20,000 per month, including
common area expenses. We expect to sublet our current office
space.
The following table summarizes these commitments as of
May 31, 2007 (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
|
|
|
More than
|
|
Contractual
obligations
|
|
Total
|
|
1 year
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
3-5 years
|
|
5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
obligationsrevolving credit facility
|
|
$
|
52,169
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
52,169
|
|
$
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations(1)
|
|
|
1,592
|
|
|
321
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
114
|
|
Asset retirement obligations
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
155
|
|
Employment agreements with
executive officers and other key personnel(2)
|
|
|
1,946
|
|
|
775
|
|
|
1,171
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
55,862
|
|
$
|
1,096
|
|
$
|
1,796
|
|
$
|
52,701
|
|
$
|
269
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Operating lease obligation is for
office space.
|
| |
|
(2)
|
|
These agreements are automatically
renewed for successive terms of one year unless employment is
terminated at the end of the term by written notice given to the
employee not less than 60 days prior to the end of such
term. Our maximum commitment under the employment agreements,
which would apply if the employees covered by these agreements
were all terminated without cause, is approximately $1,171,000
at December 31, 2007. See Executive
compensationOther benefitsEmployment agreements and
other arrangements.
|
Off-balance sheet
arrangements
From time to time, we enter into off-balance sheet arrangements
and transactions that can give rise to off-balance sheet
obligations. As of December 31, 2006, the off-balance sheet
arrangements and transactions that we have entered into include
undrawn letters of credit, operating lease agreements and gas
transportation commitments. We do not believe that these
arrangements are reasonably likely to materially affect our
liquidity or availability of, or requirements for, capital
resources.
Quantitative and
qualitative disclosure about market risk
Some of the information below contains forward-looking
statements. The primary objective of the following information
is to provide forward-looking quantitative and qualitative
information about our potential exposure to market risks. The
term market risk refers to the risk of
62
loss arising from adverse changes in oil and gas prices, and
other related factors. The disclosure is not meant to be a
precise indicator of expected future losses, but rather an
indicator of reasonably possible losses. This forward-looking
information provides an indicator of how we view and manage our
ongoing market risk exposures. Our market risk sensitive
instruments were entered into for hedging and investment
purposes, not for trading purposes.
Commodity price
risk
We enter into financial swaps and collars to hedge future oil
and gas production to mitigate portions of the risk of market
price fluctuations.
To designate a derivative as a cash flow hedge, we document at
the hedges inception our assessment as to whether the
derivative will be highly effective in offsetting expected
changes in cash flows from the item hedged. This assessment,
which is updated at least quarterly, is generally based on the
most recent relevant historical correlation between the
derivative and the item hedged. The ineffective portion of the
hedge, if any, is calculated as the difference between the
change in fair value of the derivative and the estimated change
in cash flows from the item hedged.
If, during a hedges term, we determine the hedge is no
longer highly effective, hedge accounting is prospectively
discontinued and any remaining unrealized gains or losses on the
effective portion of the derivative are reclassified to earnings
when the underlying transaction occurs. If it is determined that
the designated hedge transaction is not likely to occur, any
unrealized gains or losses are recognized immediately in the
consolidated statements of income as a derivative fair value
gain or loss.
As of March 31, 2007, we had two gas swaps in place for the
remainder of 2007 for an average volume of 243,000 MMBtu
per month. One of the swaps provides for us to be paid a
notional price averaging $8.48 as compared to the floating NYMEX
price for that period. In addition, we have in place a WAHA
basis swap of $1.02 per MMBtu for the remainder of 2007. At
December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007, the fair value
of our open derivative contracts was an asset of approximately
$4.5 million and a liability of $121,312, respectively.
In May 2007, we entered into a gas collar for 2008 based on the
NYMEX floating MMBtu price with a $7.50 floor and a $11.45
ceiling. In addition, we entered into a WAHA basis swap for 2008
for $0.69 per MMBtu. Both of these hedges were for an average
volume of approximately 186,000 MMBtu per month.
We have reviewed the financial strength of our hedge
counterparty and believe our credit risk to be minimal. Our
hedge counterparty is a participant in our credit facility and
the collateral for the outstanding borrowings under our
revolving credit facility is used as collateral for our hedges.
63
Business
Overview
We are an independent energy company engaged in the exploration,
development, exploitation, production and acquisition of
unconventional natural gas and oil properties. Our principal
operations are located in the Ozona Northeast field in West
Texas, where we originally acquired approximately 28,000 gross
(27,000 net) acres of leasehold interests in 2004. Since that
time, through a series of strategic leasehold acquisitions, we
have increased our West Texas acreage to 67,000 gross (52,000
net) acres located in the Ozona Northeast field and our nearby
Cinco Terry project. Our management team has extensive
experience finding and exploiting unconventional reservoirs,
particularly tight gas sands like Ozona Northeast, by applying
advanced completion, fracturing and drilling techniques.
Substantially all of our growth has been through our own
drilling efforts. Since 2004, we have added approximately 149
Bcfe of proved gas and oil reserves from unconventional
reservoir formations.
At December 31, 2006, all of our proved reserves and
production were located in our West Texas operating area and
substantially all of those reserves and production were located
in the Ozona Northeast field. As of such date, we owned working
interests in 241 gross (226 net) producing wells with an average
net production of approximately 22 MMcfe/d for the month of
December 2006. At December 31, 2006, our estimated
total proved gas and oil reserves were approximately 149 Bcfe
with a reserve life index of approximately 19 years. Our proved
reserves are 94% gas and 51% proved developed. As the operator
of substantially all of our proved reserves, we have a high
degree of control over capital expenditures and other operating
matters.
As of December 31, 2006, we had identified a total of 795
drilling locations, of which 668 were located in the Ozona
Northeast field and 127 in our Cinco Terry project. Of the
total, 203 locations were classified as proved. The final
determination of whether or not to drill any particular well,
including those wells currently budgeted, will depend on a
number of factors, including the results of our development and
exploration efforts, the availability of sufficient capital
resources to us and other participants for drilling prospects,
economic and industry conditions at the time of drilling,
including prevailing and anticipated prices for gas and oil and
the availability of drilling rigs and crews, our financial
results, the availability of leases on reasonable terms and our
success in obtaining permits for potential drilling locations.
Our growth efforts are focused primarily on finding and
developing natural gas reserves in known tight gas sands and
shale areas onshore in the United States. Since May 2006,
we have acquired leasehold interests covering 74,000 gross
(44,000 net) acres in Western Kentucky and 90,000 gross (81,000
net) acres in Northern New Mexico. In total we have assembled
leasehold interests of 231,000 gross (177,000 net) acres in our
three operating areas West Texas (Wolfcamp, Canyon
Sands and Ellenburger), Western Kentucky (New Albany Shale) and
Northern New Mexico (Mancos Shale).
Strategy
Our strategy is to increase stockholder value by profitably
growing our reserves, production, cash flow and earnings using a
balanced program of (1) developing existing properties,
64
(2) exploring and exploiting undeveloped properties,
(3) completing strategic acquisitions and
(4) maintaining financial flexibility. The following are
key elements of our strategy:
|
|
| |
Continue to develop our existing West Texas properties.
We intend to develop further the significant remaining potential
of our West Texas properties, where we have identified
795 drilling locations.
|
|
|
|
| |
|
We acquired our initial position in the Ozona Northeast field
through a Farmout Agreement in January 2004. The agreement
covered 28,000 gross (27,000 net) acres. During 2005, we
leased an additional 17,000 gross (17,000 net) acres. We
began our drilling program late in the first quarter of 2004 and
by year-end we had drilled 54 wells with an 85% success
rate. In early 2005, in response to increased gas prices, we
increased our drilling rig inventory from two rigs to four rigs
and filed for optional
20-acre down
spacing with the Texas Railroad Commission. By the end of 2005,
we had drilled another 120 wells with a 96% success rate.
During the first quarter of 2006, the Texas Railroad Commission
granted the
20-acre down
spacing, which substantially increased our proved undeveloped
inventory. During the first half of 2006, we elected not to
renew two of our four drilling rig contracts due to increased
rig pricing. By year-end 2006, we had drilled 79 additional
wells with a 97% success rate. We currently plan to continue to
develop the Ozona Northeast field by drilling an additional
43 wells in 2007 and 64 wells in 2008. We estimate
that as of December 31, 2006, we had 668 identified
drilling locations in the Ozona Northeast field, 192 of which
were proved.
|
| |
| |
|
In January 2007 we implemented several changes to our drilling
and completion techniques for our developmental Canyon wells in
Ozona Northeast, where we have 688 remaining drilling
locations. Primarily, we streamlined our casing design and
modified our stimulation process. We estimate that these changes
have resulted in current drilling and completion cost savings of
approximately $50,000 per well, based on current markets for
drilling services and equipment.
|
| |
| |
|
We believe our Cinco Terry project has significant potential
reserves in both the (i) established Canyon and Ellenburger
formations and (ii) shallower and less-explored Wolfcamp
trend. During the second quarter of 2007, we recompleted one of
our existing wells into the Wolfcamp formation and we plan to
drill two Canyon/Ellenburger wells in the third quarter of 2007
and two Canyon/Ellenburger wells in the fourth quarter of 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
Pursue unconventional gas and oil
opportunities. With our Boomerang and El Vado East
prospects, we have 164,000 gross acres of unexplored shale
gas and oil inventory to explore and produce. We plan to extend
our three Western Kentucky vertical test wells horizontally into
the New Albany Shale in the third quarter of 2007 and drill four
additional evaluation wells in the fourth quarter of 2007. We
also plan to identify and drill up to four Mancos Shale wells in
El Vado East by the end of this year. We intend to support our
unconventional shale gas and oil exploration with cash flow from
our long-lived tight gas properties in West Texas.
|
| |
|
|
Acquire strategic assets. We continually review
opportunities to acquire producing properties, undeveloped
acreage and drilling prospects. We focus particularly on
opportunities where we believe our reservoir management and
operational expertise in unconventional gas and oil properties
will enhance value and performance. We remain focused on
unconventional resource opportunities, but also look at
conventional opportunities based on individual project
economics. We may enter into hedging agreements in connection
with future
|
65
|
|
|
acquisitions to protect our return on investment. Our management
team members have gained significant acquisition experience
during their careers with Approach and previous employers.
|
|
|
| |
Operate our producing properties as a low-cost
producer. We strive to minimize our operating costs by
concentrating our assets within geographic areas where we can
consolidate operating control and thus capture operating
efficiencies. We are the operator of substantially all of our
producing properties and plan to continue to operate
substantially all of our producing properties in the future.
Operating control allows us to better manage timing and risk as
well as the cost of exploration and development, drilling and
ongoing operations. We believe that in the competitive market
for drilling rigs it is advantageous to have the flexibility to
control the length of rig commitments in order to secure service
at the lowest cost.
|
Competitive
strengths
We believe our historical success is, and future performance
will be, directly related to the following combination of
strengths which enable us to implement our strategy:
|
|
|
|
Experienced executive and technical team with significant
employee ownership. The members of our executive and
technical team (including our Chief Executive Officer) have an
average of over 26 years of experience in the oil and gas
industry and significant experience in building and managing
independent oil and gas companies. The majority of our executive
and technical team have spent their entire careers developing
unconventional gas and oil properties. Our technical team
includes two geologists and three petroleum engineers with
industry expertise in working with shallow to intermediate depth
tight gas sand wells. Our team has a proven record of analyzing
complex structural and stratigraphic formations using
3-D seismic
and geological expertise, producing and optimizing gas
reservoirs and drilling and completing unconventional gas
reservoirs. Further, our professionals have developed completion
techniques that enhance initial production rates and ultimate
reserve recoveries in mature tight gas fields. Our team was
responsible for the introduction of
CO2
foam fracs to West Texas Canyon Sands tight gas fields and
certain areas of the Piceance Basin in Colorado in the late
1980s. This same team has presented technical papers and
delivered numerous industry presentations covering
CO2
foam fracing on low pressure, water-sensitive tight gas
reservoirs. Several of our directors also have significant
experience in managing both public and private oil and gas
companies. Our management team and employees will own
approximately % of our common stock after this
offering, aligning their objectives with those of our
stockholders.
|
| |
|
|
Low risk, multi-year drilling inventory. We have
identified 795 drillable, low to moderate risk locations on our
West Texas properties, providing us with approximately
10 years of drilling inventory at our current drilling
rate. Our technical teams ability to locate and execute on
repeatable low-risk drilling opportunities in our large and
productive West Texas acreage holdings has helped us to achieve
a drilling success rate of 94% since our inception. In addition,
our technical expertise also has allowed us to improve our
production rates and ultimate hydrocarbon recoveries on our
wells.
|
| |
|
|
Stable producing asset base. We own an operated
asset base comprising long-lived reserves. Approximately 94% of
our reserves are gas, and all of our proved reserves are located
in West Texas. These properties should produce stable cash flows
to fund our development, exploitation and exploration
opportunities.
|
66
|
|
|
|
Large acreage positions. We are a significant
acreage holder in each of our three primary operating areas with
an aggregate leasehold position of 231,000 gross (177,000
net) acres. We believe we have assembled a portfolio of
properties, both in prolific producing natural gas and oil
fields and in under-explored reservoirs, that would be difficult
to replicate.
|
| |
|
|
Operated asset base. We operate substantially all of
our estimated reserves. By maintaining operating control, we are
able to more effectively control our expenses, capital
allocation and the timing and method of exploitation and
development of our properties.
|
| |
|
|
Low cost structure. Our reserve potential in our
operating areas, our technical expertise and high drilling
success have allowed us to achieve relatively low finding and
development costs. Since our inception and through
December 31, 2006, we have invested approximately
$200 million to drill and complete 241 wells in our
West Texas operating areas, achieving an average finding and
development cost of $1.38 per Mcfe. SeeHistorical
finding and development costs. During the same time
period, our lease operating costs, including production taxes,
averaged $0.91 per Mcfe.
|
| |
|
|
Financial flexibility. Upon the completion of this
offering, we expect to have approximately
$ million in cash, no
long-term debt and at least
$ million available for
borrowings under our revolving credit facility, providing us
with significant financial flexibility to pursue our business
strategy.
|
| |
|
|
Control of gathering infrastructure and gas
marketing. We own and operate approximately
72 miles of gas gathering lines in West Texas that collect
and transport our production to multiple delivery points for
several regional and interstate pipelines. Owning and operating
this infrastructure allows us to maintain greater control of our
gathering pressures and to minimize down time associated with
the system. We intend to purchase or construct additional gas
gathering assets as necessary to fully develop our tight gas and
shale opportunities in West Texas, Western Kentucky and Northern
New Mexico.
|
Areas of
operation
West
Texas
The Wolfcamp Canyon Sands play is the predominant producer in
Edwards, Sutton, Schleicher and Crockett Counties in West Texas.
There have been over 11,800 Canyon Sands wells drilled to date.
Major canyon fields located in this area are Sawyer Canyon,
Ozona Canyon, Ozona Northeast Proper Canyon, Davidson Ranch
Canyon, Henderson Canyon and Ozona Northeast Canyon. To date,
the combined production from these fields is over 3.8 Tcfe.
The Canyon Sands are a tight sand and siltstone reservoir that
requires large fracture stimulation. The large independent
companies currently active in the Canyon Sands play include
Anadarko Petroleum Corp., Dominion Resources Inc. and Encore
Acquisition Company along with several smaller companies,
including Approach.
Ozona
Northeast field (Canyon Sands)
The Ozona Northeast field, in Crockett and Schleicher counties,
Texas, is our largest operating area on the basis of proved
reserves and production. The Ozona Northeast field is one of the
top 100 gas fields in the United States in both
reserves and production. In 2004, we entered the field through a
farmout arrangement and have since increased our total acreage
position to 45,000 gross (44,000 net) acres. In February
2004, we drilled our first well, and, as of
67
December 31, 2006, we had 237 producing wells with proved
reserves of 147 Bcfe. During that period we have achieved
an average compound annual production growth rate of over 100%
as a result of our own drilling efforts. We have identified 668
additional drilling locations in the field, and we estimate that
completed costs per location currently are approximately
$770,000, based on current markets for drilling services and
equipment.
Cinco Terry
project (Wolfcamp, Canyon Sands and Ellenburger)
Since late 2005, we have leased and acquired options to lease
22,000 gross (8,000 net) acres five miles west of our Ozona
Northeast field in order to evaluate the Wolfcamp, Canyon and
Ellenburger formations. As of May 31, 2007, we had drilled
and completed three Canyon wells and one Ellenburger well at a
total cost of $5.9 million gross and $3.0 million net.
Proved reserves in the Cinco Terry project are estimated to be
1.8 Bcfe at December 31, 2006. Wolfcamp wells in this
area have demonstrated significant commercial production, and we
are evaluating the formation for possible horizontal
completions. Based upon data collected in the process of
drilling the Canyon and Ellenburger wells, we believe additional
success could be achieved in the shallower Wolfcamp formation.
Ozona pipeline
system
We own and operate 72 miles of gas gathering lines for the
Ozona Northeast and Cinco Terry production that transport our
gas to a custody transfer point. We rent all compression
equipment, which minimizes our overall cost to add or remove
compression depending on field requirements. Owning and
operating the gathering systems allows us to maintain control of
our gathering pressures as well as minimizing down time
associated with the system. Our system delivers into Ozona
Pipeline Energy Company and Duke Energy Corp.s pipeline
system.
Western
Kentucky
Boomerang
prospect (New Albany Shale)
Our Boomerang prospect is a 74,000 gross (44,000 net) acre
New Albany Shale play located in Western Kentucky in an
under-explored area of the Illinois Basin. The New Albany Shale
produces both biogenic and thermogenic gas from fractured
reservoirs across a wide area in Illinois and Indiana.
Thermogenic gas fields have been successfully developed in
Kentucky, most notably in the Appalachian Basin part of Eastern
Kentucky. Renewed interest in the Illinois Basin shale gas play
has resulted in recent activity by several independent operators.
We believe the attributes of the New Albany Shale in our
Boomerang prospect make it a promising resource play,
particularly with the introduction of horizontal drilling
technology. In the first quarter of 2007, we drilled the last of
three vertical test wells. We have contracted to have core
samples from these three wells analyzed for their geological,
petrophysical, geomechanical, geochemical and production
properties. We expect to begin the horizontal completion of
these three test wells in the third quarter of 2007. After
evaluating the results of our initial drilling and completion
activities, we will determine our development program in the
Boomerang prospect.
68
Northern New
Mexico
El Vado East
prospect (Mancos Shale)
Our El Vado East prospect is a 90,000 gross (81,000 net)
acre Mancos Shale play located in the Chama Basin in Northern
New Mexico in proximity to several highly productive fields,
including the West and East Puerto Chiquito fields and the
Boulder field. The West Puerto Chiquito Field has produced over
17 MMBbls, the East Puerto Chiquito Field has produced over
4 MMBbls and the Boulder Field has produced approximately
1.8 MMBbls. Other producing Mancos Shale fields in the
San Juan Basin include the Gavilan and Verde Fields. The
Mancos Shale is a thick, organic-rich Upper Cretaceous marine
shale. We believe considerable exploration and development
potential exists for this play.
Although our primary objective in the El Vado East prospect is
the Mancos Shale, the possibility of finding commercial
production in the Dakota, Morrison, Todilto and Entrada
formations is a secondary objective. We anticipate spudding our
initial test well in the El Vado East, which we expect to be the
first of four vertical test wells, in the third quarter of 2007.
Depending on the initial results of these wells, we may elect to
shoot 3-D
seismic over a portion of this prospect at locations which have
yet to be identified.
Estimated proved
reserves
As of December 31, 2006, all of our proved reserves and
production were located in our West Texas operating area and
substantially all of those reserves and production were located
in the Ozona Northeast field. The following table sets forth a
summary of our estimated proved reserves and estimated average
daily net production for the month ended December 31, 2006.
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|
|
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|
|
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|
Production for
the month ended
|
|
|
|
Estimated proved
reserves at December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent
|
|
|
|
Identified
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed
|
|
Undeveloped
|
|
Total
|
|
of total
|
|
PV-10(1)
|
|
drilling
|
|
average
|
|
Percent
|
|
|
|
(Bcfe)
|
|
(Bcfe)
|
|
(Bcfe)
|
|
reserves
|
|
(millions)
|
|
locations(2)
|
|
MMcfe/d
|
|
of
total
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozona Northeast
|
|
|
74.9
|
|
|
72.1
|
|
|
147.0
|
|
|
99%
|
|
$
|
175.7
|
|
|
668
|
|
|
21.9
|
|
|
99%
|
|
Cinco Terry
|
|
|
0.9
|
|
|
0.9
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
1%
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
|
127
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
1%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
75.8
|
|
|
73.0
|
|
|
148.8
|
|
|
100%
|
|
$
|
179.9
|
|
|
795
|
|
|
22.2
|
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
PV-10
is a non-GAAP financial measure and generally differs from
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, the
most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does
not include the effects of income taxes on future net revenues.
See Selected historical combined financial
dataReconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures
for our definition of
PV-10 and a
reconciliation of
PV-10 to the
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Our
calculation of
PV-10 set
forth in this table is based on gas and oil and condensate
prices actually received by us on December 31, 2006, held
flat for the life of the reserves. The weighted average price
over the life of the Ozona Northeast reserves was $6.55 per Mcf
of gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil. The weighted average price
over the life of the Cinco Terry reserves was $5.65 per Mcf of
gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil.
|
| |
|
(2)
|
|
Represents total gross drilling
locations identified by management as of December 31, 2006.
Of the total, 203 locations are classified as proved. The final
determination with respect to the drilling of any well,
including those currently budgeted, will depend on a number of
factors, including the results of our development and
exploration efforts, the availability of sufficient capital
resources to us and other participants for drilling prospects,
economic and industry conditions at the time of drilling,
including prevailing and anticipated prices for gas and oil and
the availability of drilling rigs and crews, our financial
results and the availability of leases on reasonable terms and
permitting for the potential drilling locations.
|
69
Operating
data
The following table presents certain information with respect to
our historical operating data for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and for the three months
ended March 31, 2007 and combined pro forma operating data
for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months
ended March 31, 2007, after giving effect to our
acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
|
|
|
|
Three
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
months
|
|
Year
|
|
months
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ended
|
|
ended
|
|
ended
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31,
|
|
March 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross wells
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drilled
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
120
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
9
|
|
Completed
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
8
|
|
Net wells
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drilled
|
|
|
34.9
|
|
|
77.2
|
|
|
55.1
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
|
79.6
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
Completed
|
|
|
29.6
|
|
|
74.8
|
|
|
53.5
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
77.3
|
|
|
8.0
|
|
Net production data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net volume (MMcfe)
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
5,012
|
|
|
6,744
|
|
|
1,357
|
|
|
9,580
|
|
|
1,910
|
|
Average daily volume (MMcfe/d)
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
21
|
|
Average sales price (per
Mcfe)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average sales price (without hedge)
|
|
$
|
6.26
|
|
$
|
8.63
|
|
$
|
6.92
|
|
$
|
6.92
|
|
$
|
6.91
|
|
$
|
6.91
|
|
Average sales price (with hedge)
|
|
|
6.26
|
|
|
8.05
|
|
|
7.84
|
|
|
8.51
|
|
|
7.56
|
|
|
8.04
|
|
Expenses (per Mcfe)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating
|
|
$
|
0.20
|
|
$
|
0.58
|
|
$
|
0.58
|
|
$
|
0.72
|
|
$
|
0.60
|
|
$
|
0.74
|
|
Production taxes
|
|
|
0.45
|
|
|
0.39
|
|
|
0.26
|
|
|
0.28
|
|
|
0.26
|
|
|
0.28
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2.28
|
|
|
0.61
|
|
|
0.43
|
|
|
1.21
|
|
|
0.31
|
|
|
0.86
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortization
|
|
|
1.35
|
|
|
1.60
|
|
|
2.16
|
|
|
2.26
|
|
|
2.30
|
|
|
2.47
|
|
|
|
|
70
The estimates in the table below of proved reserves as of
December 31, 2006 are based on a reserve report prepared by
us and audited by DeGolyer & MacNaughton.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
2006(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated proved reserves
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas (Bcf)
|
|
|
98.7
|
|
|
139.8
|
|
Oil (MMBbls)
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
1.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total proved reserves (Bcfe)
|
|
|
105.4
|
|
|
148.8
|
|
Total proved developed reserves
(Bcfe)
|
|
|
53.1
|
|
|
75.8
|
|
PV-10
(millions)(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed reserves
|
|
$
|
112.8
|
|
$
|
158.3
|
|
Proved undeveloped reserves
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
|
21.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
PV-10 value
|
|
$
|
128.4
|
|
$
|
179.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Gives effect to our acquisition of
the Neo Canyon interest.
|
| |
|
(2)
|
|
PV-10
is a non-GAAP financial measure and generally differs from
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, the
most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does
not include the effects of income taxes on future net revenues.
See Selected historical combined financial
dataReconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures
for our definition of
PV-10 and a
reconciliation of
PV-10 to the
standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Our
calculation of
PV-10 set
forth in this table is based on gas and oil and condensate
prices actually received by us on December 31, 2006, held
flat for the life of the reserves. The weighted average price
over the life of the Ozona Northeast reserves was $6.55 per Mcf
of gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil. The weighted average price
over the life of the Cinco Terry reserves was $5.65 per Mcf of
gas and $58.05 per Bbl of oil.
|
Development and
exploration projects
The following table summarizes our historical 2006 and our
estimated 2007 and 2008 capital expenditures. The estimated 2007
and 2008 capital expenditures shown are preliminary full year
estimates. The estimated capital expenditures are subject to
change depending upon a number of factors, including
availability of capital, drilling results, oil and gas prices,
costs of drilling and completion and availability of drilling
rigs, equipment and labor.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
|
|
Estimated(2)
|
|
|
|
Year ended
|
|
ended
|
|
Year ending
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
March 31,
|
|
December 31,
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozona Northeast
|
|
$
|
52,108
|
|
$
|
4,793
|
|
$
|
34,300
|
|
$
|
50,500
|
|
Cinco Terry
|
|
|
3,176
|
|
|
374
|
|
|
2,200
|
|
|
4,100
|
|
Western Kentucky
|
|
|
3,873
|
|
|
1,858
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
6,600
|
|
Northern New Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,660
|
|
|
3,800
|
|
|
4,500
|
|
Geological, geophysical and other
|
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
4,400
|
|
|
800
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capital expenditures
|
|
$
|
59,157
|
|
$
|
9,716
|
|
$
|
49,300
|
|
$
|
66,500
|
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Historical amounts here include
actual amounts incurred to the interest of Approach Resources
Inc. and Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
|
| |
|
(2)
|
|
Estimated capital expenditures for
2007 and 2008 include the acquisition of the Neo Canyon interest
in combination with the interest of Approach Resources Inc. and
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. as if the Neo Canyon interest
were acquired on January 1, 2007.
|
Historical
finding and development costs
From our inception in September 2002 to December 31, 2006,
our acquisition, finding and development costs have averaged
$1.38 per Mcfe. The cost of finding and developing reserves is
calculated by taking the sum of the cost incurred for
exploration, development and acquisition for the period, and
dividing such amount by the total proved reserve additions for
the period. The calculation does not include estimated future
development costs for proved undeveloped reserves, which at
December 31, 2006 totaled $108.5 million. Management
believes that this information is useful to an investor in
evaluating Approach because it measures the efficiency of a
company in adding proved reserves as compared to others in the
industry.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 13,
2002 (inception) through
|
|
($ in thousands,
unless otherwise indicated)
|
|
December 31,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
All in average F&D
cost:
|
|
|
|
|
Proved properties acquisition costs
|
|
$
|
11,948
|
|
Unproved properties acquisition
costs
|
|
|
4,992
|
|
Exploration costs
|
|
|
6,285
|
|
Development costs
|
|
|
140,153
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
163,378
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve purchases, extensions,
discoveries and revisions (Mmcfe)
|
|
|
118,053
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F&D cost per Mcfe
|
|
$
|
1.38
|
|
|
|
|
Markets and
customers
The revenues generated by our operations are highly dependent
upon the prices of, and demand for, gas and oil. The price we
receive for our gas and oil production depends on numerous
factors beyond our control, including seasonality, the
conditions of the United States economy, particularly in the
manufacturing sector, political conditions in other oil and gas
producing countries, the extent of domestic production and
imports of gas and oil, the proximity and capacity of gas
pipelines and other transportation facilities, demand for oil
and gas, the marketing of competitive fuels and the effects of
state and federal regulation. The oil and gas industry also
competes with other industries in supplying the energy and fuel
requirements of industrial, commercial and individual consumers.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, Ozona Pipeline was
our most significant purchaser, accounting for approximately
89.6% of our total 2006 gas and oil sales excluding realized
hedge settlements.
72
Productive
wells
The following table sets forth the number of productive gas and
oil wells in which we owned a working interest at
December 31, 2006.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas
|
|
|
239
|
|
|
227
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
241
|
|
|
228
|
|
|
|
|
Acreage
The following table sets forth certain information with respect
to our developed and undeveloped acreage as of May 31, 2007.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed
|
|
Undeveloped
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozona Northeast
|
|
|
28,000
|
|
|
27,000
|
|
|
17,000
|
|
|
17,000
|
|
|
45,000
|
|
|
44,000
|
|
Cinco Terry
|
|
|
2,000
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
7,000
|
|
|
22,000
|
|
|
8,000
|
|
Western Kentucky (Boomerang)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74,000
|
|
|
44,000
|
|
|
74,000
|
|
|
44,000
|
|
Northern New Mexico
(El Vado East)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,000
|
|
|
81,000
|
|
|
90,000
|
|
|
81,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
28,000
|
|
|
201,000
|
|
|
149,000
|
|
|
231,000
|
|
|
177,000
|
|
|
|
|
Drilling
activity
The following table sets forth information on our drilling
activity during the periods indicated. The information should
not be considered indicative of future performance, nor should
it be
73
assumed that there is necessarily any correlation between the
number of productive wells drilled, quantities of reserves found
or economic value.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
Three months
ended
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
March 31,
2007
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
Gross
|
|
Net
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive
|
|
|
46.0
|
|
|
42.2
|
|
|
115.0
|
|
|
106.6
|
|
|
81.0
|
|
|
77.3
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
Non-productive
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
7.0
|
|
|
5.8
|
|
|
6.0
|
|
|
6.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exploratory:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
1.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-productive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productive
|
|
|
46.0
|
|
|
42.2
|
|
|
116.0
|
|
|
107.1
|
|
|
83.0
|
|
|
78.9
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
Non-productive
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
1.0
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
|
6.8
|
|
|
6.0
|
|
|
6.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hedging
activity
Derivative
instruments and hedging activities
We enter into financial swaps and collars to hedge future gas
and oil production to mitigate portions of the risk of market
price fluctuations.
All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at
fair value. Changes in the derivatives fair value are
currently recognized in the statement of operations unless
specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For qualifying
cash-flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is deferred
in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the extent
the hedge is effective. The ineffective portion of the hedge is
recognized immediately in the statement of operations. Gains and
losses on hedging instruments included in cumulative other
comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to oil and gas
sales revenue in the period that the related production is
delivered. Derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge
accounting treatment are recorded as derivative assets and
liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet, and the
associated unrealized gains and losses are recorded as current
income or expense in the statement of operations.
Historically, we have not designated our derivative instruments
as cash-flow hedges. We record our open derivative instruments
at fair value on our combined balance sheets as either
unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivatives. We record
changes in such fair value in earnings on our combined
statements of operations under the caption entitled change
in fair value of commodity derivatives.
Title to
properties
Our properties are subject to customary royalty interests, liens
incident to operating agreements, liens for current taxes and
other burdens, including other mineral encumbrances and
74
restrictions. We do not believe that any of these burdens
materially interfere with our use of the properties in the
operation of our business.
We believe that we have generally satisfactory title to or
rights in all of our producing properties. As is customary in
the oil and gas industry, we make a general investigation of
title at the time we acquire undeveloped properties. We receive
title opinions of counsel before we commence drilling
operations. We believe that we have satisfactory title to all of
our other assets. Although title to our properties is subject to
encumbrances in certain cases, we believe that none of these
burdens will materially detract from the value of our properties
or from our interest therein or will materially interfere with
our use of the properties in the operation of our business.
Competition
The oil and gas industry is highly competitive, and we compete
with a substantial number of other companies that have greater
resources. Many of these companies explore for, produce and
market oil and gas, carry on refining operations and market the
resultant products on a worldwide basis. The primary areas in
which we encounter substantial competition are in locating and
acquiring desirable leasehold acreage for our drilling and
development operations, locating and acquiring attractive
producing oil and gas properties, and obtaining purchasers and
transporters of the oil and gas we produce. There is also
competition between producers of oil and gas and other
industries producing alternative energy and fuel. Furthermore,
competitive conditions may be substantially affected by various
forms of energy legislation
and/or
regulation considered from time to time by the United States
government. However, it is not possible to predict the nature of
any such legislation or regulation that may ultimately be
adopted or its effects upon our future operations. Such laws and
regulations may, however, substantially increase the costs of
exploring for, developing or producing gas and oil and may
prevent or delay the commencement or continuation of a given
operation. The effect of these risks cannot be accurately
predicted.
Regulation
The oil and gas industry in the United States is subject to
extensive regulation by federal, state and local authorities. At
the federal level, various federal rules, regulations and
procedures apply, including those issued by the United States
Department of Interior as noted above, and the United States
Department of Transportation (Office of Pipeline Safety). At the
state and local level, various agencies and commissions regulate
drilling, production and midstream activities. These federal,
state and local authorities have various permitting, licensing
and bonding requirements. Various remedies are available for
enforcement of these federal, state and local rules, regulations
and procedures, including fines, penalties, revocation of
permits and licenses, actions affecting the value of leases,
wells or other assets, and suspension of production. As a
result, there can be no assurance that we will not incur
liability for fines and penalties or otherwise subject us to the
various remedies as are available to these federal, state and
local authorities. However, we believe that we are currently in
material compliance with these federal, state and local rules,
regulations and procedures.
75
Transportation
and sale of gas
The Federal Energy Regulation Commission, or FERC,
regulates interstate gas pipeline transportation rates and
service conditions. Although the FERC does not regulate gas
producers such as us, the agencys actions are intended to
foster increased competition within all phases of the gas
industry. To date, the FERCs pro-competition policies have
not materially affected our business or operations. It is
unclear what impact, if any, future rules or increased
competition within the gas industry will have on our gas sales
efforts.
The FERC or other federal or state regulatory agencies may
consider additional proposals or proceedings that might affect
the gas industry. In addition, new legislation may affect the
industries and markets in which we operate. We cannot predict
when or if these proposals will become effective or any effect
they may have on our operations. We do not believe, however,
that any of these proposals will affect us any differently than
other gas producers with which we compete.
Regulation of
production
Oil and gas production is regulated under a wide range of
federal and state statutes, rules, orders and regulations. State
and federal statutes and regulations require permits for
drilling operations, drilling bonds and reports concerning
operations. The states in which we own and operate properties
have regulations governing conservation matters, including
provisions for the unitization or pooling of oil and gas
properties, the establishment of maximum rates of production
from oil and gas wells and the regulation of the spacing,
plugging and abandonment of wells. Also, each state generally
imposes an ad valorem, production or severance tax with respect
to production and sale of oil, gas and gas liquids within its
jurisdiction.
Environmental
regulations
The exploration for and development of oil and gas and the
drilling and operation of wells, fields and gathering systems
are subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and
regulations governing environmental protection as well as
discharge of materials into the environment. These laws and
regulations may, among other things:
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require the acquisition of various permits before drilling
commences;
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require the installation of expensive pollution control
equipment;
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restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various
substances that can be released into the environment in
connection with oil and gas drilling production, transportation
and processing activities;
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suspend, limit or prohibit construction, drilling and other
activities in certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands
and other protected areas; and
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require remedial measures to mitigate and remediate pollution
from historical and ongoing operations, such as the closure of
waste pits and plugging of abandoned wells.
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These laws, rules and regulations may also restrict the rate of
oil and gas production below the rate that would otherwise be
possible. The regulatory burden on the oil and gas industry
increases the cost of doing business in the industry and
consequently affects profitability.
76
Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance
with environmental laws, regulations and permits, and violations
are subject to injunction, as well as administrative, civil and
criminal penalties. The effects of existing and future laws and
regulations could have a material adverse impact on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. While
we believe that we are in substantial compliance with existing
environmental laws and regulations and that continued compliance
with current requirements would not have a material adverse
effect on us, there is no assurance that this will continue in
the future.
The following is a summary of some of the existing laws, rules
and regulations to which our business operations are subject.
Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA, also known as the Superfund
law, imposes strict, and under certain circumstances, joint and
several liability, on classes of persons who are considered to
be responsible for the release of a hazardous substance into the
environment. These persons include the owner or operator of the
site where the release occurred, and anyone who disposed or
arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance released at
the site. Under CERCLA, such persons may be subject to strict,
joint and several liabilities for the costs of cleaning up the
hazardous substances that have been released into the
environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs
of certain health studies. In addition, it is not uncommon for
neighboring landowners and other third-parties to file claims
for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the
hazardous substances released into the environment. While we
generate materials in the course of our operations that may be
regulated as hazardous substances, we have not received
notification that we may be potentially responsible for cleanup
costs under CERCLA.
Waste
handling
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, and
comparable state statutes, regulate the generation,
transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of
hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Under the auspices of the
Federal Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, the individual
states administer some or all of the provisions of RCRA,
sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent
requirements. Drilling fluids, produced waters and most of the
other wastes associated with the exploration, development,
exploitation and production of oil or gas are currently
regulated under RCRAs non-hazardous waste provisions.
However, it is possible that certain oil and gas exploration and
production wastes now classified as non-hazardous could be
classified as hazardous wastes in the future. Any such change
could result in an increase in our operating expenses, which
could have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations and financial position.
We currently own or lease, and have in the past owned or leased,
properties that for many years have been used for oil and gas
exploration, production and development activities. Although we
used operating and disposal practices that were standard in the
industry at the time, petroleum hydrocarbons or wastes may have
been disposed of or released on, under or from the properties
owned or leased by us or on, under or from other locations where
such wastes have been taken for disposal. In addition, some of
these properties have been operated by third parties whose
treatment and disposal or release of petroleum hydrocarbons and
wastes was not under our control. These properties and the
materials disposed or released on, at, under or from them may be
subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws. Under such
laws, we could be
77
required to remove or remediate previously disposed wastes or
contamination, or to perform remedial activities to prevent
future contamination.
Air
emissions
The federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws regulate
emissions of various air pollutants through air emissions
permitting programs and the imposition of other requirements. In
addition, the EPA has developed, and continues to develop,
stringent regulations governing emissions of hazardous and toxic
air pollutants at specified sources. These regulatory programs
may require us to obtain permits before commencing construction
on a new source of air emissions and may require us to reduce
emissions at existing facilities. As a result, we may be
required to incur increased capital and operating costs.
Additionally, federal and state regulatory agencies can impose
administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance
with air permits or other requirements of the federal Clean Air
Act and analogous state laws and regulations.
Water
discharges
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean
Water Act, and analogous state laws, impose restrictions and
strict controls with respect to the discharge of pollutants,
including spills and leaks of oil and other substances into
regulated waters, including wetlands. The discharge of
pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in
accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the EPA or an
analogous state agency. Federal and state regulatory agencies
can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for
non-compliance with discharge permits or other requirements of
the Clean Water Act and analogous state laws and regulations.
Other laws and
regulations
In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change entered into force.
Pursuant to the Protocol, adopting countries are required to
implement national programs to reduce emissions of certain
gases, generally referred to as greenhouse gases, which are
suspected of contributing to global warming. The United States
is not currently a participant in the Protocol. However,
Congress has enacted legislation directed at reducing greenhouse
gas emissions and the EPA may be required to regulate greenhouse
gas emissions, and many states have already adopted legislation
or undertaken regulatory initiatives addressing greenhouse gas
emissions from various sources. The oil and gas exploration and
production industry is a direct source of certain greenhouse gas
emissions, namely carbon dioxide and methane, and future
restrictions on such emissions would likely adversely impact our
future operations, results of operations and financial
condition. At this time, although it is not possible to
accurately estimate how potential future laws or regulations
addressing greenhouse gas emissions would impact our business,
passage of such laws or regulation affecting areas in which we
conduct business could have an adverse effect on our operations.
Employees
At May 31, 2007, we had 16 full-time employees. None
of our employees is represented by a labor union or covered by
any collective bargaining agreement. We believe that our
relations with our employees are satisfactory.
78
Legal
proceedings
From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and
claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Like other
gas and oil producers and marketers, our operations are subject
to extensive and rapidly changing federal and state
environmental, health and safety and other laws and regulations
governing air emissions, wastewater discharges, and solid and
hazardous waste management activities.
As of the date of this prospectus, we are not aware of any
pending or overtly threatened legal actions that we believe,
based on our experience to date, would have a material adverse
impact on our business, financial position or results of
operations.
Insurance
matters
As is common in the oil and gas industry, we will not insure
fully against all risks associated with our business either
because such insurance is not available or because premium costs
are considered prohibitive. A loss not fully covered by
insurance could have a materially adverse effect on our
financial position or results of operations.
79
Management
Executive
officers and directors
The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of
our executive officers and directors as of May 31, 2007.
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Name
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Age
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Position(s)
held
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J. Ross Craft
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50
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President, Chief Executive Officer
and Class III Director
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Steven P. Smart
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52
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Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
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J. Curtis Henderson
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44
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Executive Vice President and
General Counsel
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Glenn W. Reed
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55
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Senior Vice
PresidentOperations
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Ralph P. Manoushagian
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56
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Senior Vice PresidentLand
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Bryan H. Lawrence
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64
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Chairman, Class III Director
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James H. Brandi
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59
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Class II Director
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James C. Crain
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59
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Class II Director
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Sheldon B. Lubar
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78
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Class I Director
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Christopher J. Whyte
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50
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Class I Director
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J. Ross Craft has been our President and Chief Executive
Officer since our inception in September 2002. Before Approach,
Mr. Craft co-founded Athanor Resources Inc., an
international exploration and production company with operations
in the United States and Tunisia, in 1998 and was its Executive
Vice President from 1998 until its merger with Nuevo Energy
Company in September 2002. From 1988 to 1997, Mr. Craft
served in various positions with American Cometra Inc., an
independent exploration and production company with operations
in the United States, including Vice PresidentOperations
from 1995 to 1997. American Cometra was sold in two parts, to
Range Resources in 1995 and Pioneer Natural Resources in 1997.
Mr. Craft has 27 years of experience the oil and gas
industry. Mr. Craft, who holds a B.S. in Petroleum
Engineering from Texas A&M University, is a registered
Professional Engineer licensed in the State of Texas. In
addition to membership in the Society of Petroleum Engineers,
Mr. Craft is also a member of the Texas Oil and Gas
Association and Independent Petroleum Association of America.
Mr. Craft has served on the board of the Fort Worth
chapter of the Society of Petroleum Engineers as well as on the
board of the Fort Worth Petroleum Engineers Club where his
last position was President. Mr. Craft is the
brother-in-law
of J. Curtis Henderson, our Executive Vice President and General
Counsel.
Steven P. Smart has been our Treasurer since our
inception in September 2002. Mr. Smart was named Vice
PresidentFinance in August 2005, and Executive Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer in June 2007. From 2000 to
2002, Mr. Smart was Controller and Treasurer of Prize
Energy Corp., a public exploration and production company. From
1998 to 2000, Mr. Smart was a Senior Manager in the Energy
Industry group at Arthur Andersen LLP. Prior to 2000,
Mr. Smart served in senior executive financial positions
with several public and private oil and gas companies, including
Magnum Hunter Resources Inc. and Saxon Oil Co. Mr. Smart
began his career in public accounting with Deloitte &
Touche (formerly Touche Ross). Mr. Smart has more than
30 years of experience in both public and private companies
in the oil and gas industry. Mr. Smart, who holds a B.B.A.
in Accounting from Angelo State University, is a Certified
Public Accountant with an active license.
80
J. Curtis Henderson joined us in February 2007 as
Executive Vice President and General Counsel. From 2005 to 2007,
Mr. Henderson served as President and Chief Executive
Officer of Coterie Capital Partners, Ltd., a private equity
partnership in Dallas, Texas. From 1998 to 2005,
Mr. Henderson served as General Counsel of Nucentrix
Broadband Networks, Inc., a public broadband wireless
telecommunications company based in Dallas. While he was at
Nucentrix, Mr. Henderson oversaw the sale of that company
to an affiliate of Nextel Communications Inc. under
Section 363 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in 2004.
Mr. Henderson has over 19 years experience in public
and private securities, mergers and acquisitions, corporate
finance and regulatory affairs. Mr. Henderson holds a B.A.
in Political Science from Austin College and a J.D. from
Washington and Lee University School of Law. Mr. Henderson
is the
brother-in-law
of J. Ross Craft, our Chief Executive Officer and President.
Glenn W. Reed has been our Senior Vice
PresidentOperations since June 2007. Mr. Reed served
as our Vice PresidentOperations from our inception in
September 2002 to June 2007. Mr. Reed was Manager of
Operations for Athanor Resources Inc. from 1999 to 2002, where
he was responsible for petroleum engineering and operations
before Athanor was sold to Nuevo Energy Company in September
2002. From 1988 to 1999, Mr. Reed supervised operations for
American Cometra. Mr. Reed, who holds a B.S. in Petroleum
Engineering from Texas Tech University, is a registered
Professional Engineer licensed in Texas and has 28 years of
experience in the oil and gas industry.
Ralph P. Manoushagian has been our Senior Vice
PresidentLand since June 2007. Mr. Manoushagian
joined us in 2004 as Land Manager. In 2003,
Mr. Manoushagian worked as an independent landman. From
2001 to 2003, Mr. Manoushagian was the President of Hudco
Fuels, a privately owned fuel distributorship.
Mr. Manoushagian has been an active landman and oil and gas
operator for 30 years. Mr. Manoushagian, who holds a
B.B.A. in Finance from the University of North Texas, has been a
Certified Professional Landman since 1988. Mr. Manoushagian
is a director of the First Financial Bank of Southlake, Texas.
He previously served as a director and Vice President of the
Texas Independent Producers and Royalty Owners and as a director
of the Texas Alliance of Energy Producers.
Bryan H. Lawrence has been a member of our board of
directors since 2002. Mr. Lawrence is a founder and Senior
Manager of Yorktown Partners LLC, the manager of the Yorktown
group of investment partnerships, which make investments in
companies in the energy industry. The Yorktown partnerships were
formerly affiliated with the investment firm of Dillon,
Read & Co. Inc., where Mr. Lawrence had been
employed since 1966, serving as a Managing Director until the
merger of Dillon Read with SBC Warburg in September 1997.
Mr. Lawrence also serves as a director of Crosstex Energy,
Inc. and Crosstex Energy GP, LLC, midstream natural gas
companies; Hallador Petroleum Company, an independent company
engaged in the production of coal and the exploration and
production of oil and natural gas; the general partner of Star
Gas Partners, L.P., a home heating oil distributor and services
provider; Winstar Resources, a public Canadian oil and gas
company; Ellora Energy Inc., an independent oil and gas company;
and certain non-public companies in the energy industry in which
Yorktown partnerships hold equity interests. Mr. Lawrence
is a graduate of Hamilton College and also has an M.B.A. from
Columbia University.
James H. Brandi joined us as a director in June 2007.
Since November 2005, Mr. Brandi has been a partner at Hill
Street Capital, a private investment and financial advisory
firm. From 2000 until November 2005, Mr. Brandi was a
Managing Director at UBS Securities, LLC, where he was the
Deputy Global Head of the Energy and Power Group. Prior to 2000,
Mr. Brandi was a Managing Director at Dillon,
Read & Co. Inc. and later its successor firm, UBS
Warburg, concentrating on
81
transactions in the energy and consumer goods areas.
Mr. Brandi serves on the boards of Energy East Corporation,
a utility holding company, and Armstrong Land Company, LLC, a
coal reserves owning company. Mr. Brandi is a trustee of
The Kenyon Review and a former trustee of Kenyon College.
Mr. Brandi holds a B.A. in History from Yale University and
an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and attended Columbia Law
School as a Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar.
James C. Crain joined us as a director in June 2007.
Mr. Crain has been involved in the energy industry for over
30 years, both as an attorney and as an executive officer.
Since 1984, Mr. Crain has been an officer of Marsh
Operating Company, an investment management company focusing on
energy investing, including his current position of President
which he has held since 1989. Mr. Crain has served as
general partner of Valmora Partners, L.P., a private investment
partnership that invests in the oil and gas sector, among
others, since 1997. Prior to joining Marsh in 1984,
Mr. Crain was a partner in the law firm of
Jenkens & Gilchrist, where he headed the firms
energy section. Mr. Crain currently is a director of
Crosstex Energy, Inc. and Crosstex Energy GP, LLC, midstream
natural gas companies, and GeoMet, Inc., a coalbed methane
natural gas exploration and production company. Mr. Crain
holds a B.B.A., an M.P.A. and a J.D. from the University of
Texas at Austin.
Sheldon B. Lubar joined us as a director in June 2007.
Mr. Lubar has been Chairman of the Board of
Lubar & Co. Incorporated, a private investment and
venture capital firm he founded, since 1977. He was Chairman of
the Board of Christiana Companies, Inc., a logistics and
manufacturing company, from 1987 until its merger with
Weatherford International in 1995. Mr. Lubar is currently a
director of Crosstex Energy, Inc. and Crosstex Energy GP, LLC,
midstream natural gas companies; Weatherford International,
Inc., an energy services company; Ellora Energy Inc., an
independent oil and gas company; and the general partner of Star
Gas Partners, L.P., a home heating oil distributor and services
provider. Mr. Lubar previously held governmental
appointments under three United States Presidents, including
Commissioner of the White House Conference on Small Business
from 1979 to 1980 under President Carter, Assistant Secretary,
Housing Production and Mortgage Credit, Department of Housing
and Urban Development, Commissioner of the Federal Housing
Administration and Director of the Federal National Mortgage
Association from 1973 to 1974 under Presidents Nixon and Ford.
Mr. Lubar is a past president of the Board of Regents of
the University of Wisconsin System. Mr. Lubar holds a B.S.
in Business Administration and a J.D. from the University of
WisconsinMadison. Mr. Lubar was awarded an honorary
Doctor of Commercial Science degree from the University of
WisconsinMilwaukee.
Christopher J. Whyte has been a member of our board of
directors since June 2007. Mr. Whyte has been President,
Chief Executive Officer and a director of PetroSantander Inc.,
an affiliate of Yorktown Partners LLC which owns and operates
oil and gas production in Colombia, Kansas and Brazil, since
1995. Mr. Whyte holds a B.A. from the University of
Pittsburgh.
Board of
directors; committees of the board
Our board of directors currently consists of six directors,
Messrs. Brandi, Craft, Crain, Lawrence, Lubar and Whyte.
Our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws
provide for a classified board of directors consisting of three
classes of directors, each serving staggered three-year terms.
As a result, stockholders will elect a portion of our board of
directors each year. Class I directors terms will
expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2008,
Class II directors terms will expire at the annual
meeting of stockholders to be held in 2009 and Class III
directors terms will expire at the annual meeting of
stockholders to be held in 2010. Presently, the Class I
directors are Messrs. Lubar and Whyte, the Class II
directors are
82
Messrs. Brandi and Crain and the Class III directors
are Messrs. Craft and Lawrence. At each annual meeting of
stockholders held after the initial classification, the
successors to directors whose terms will then expire will be
elected to serve from the time of election until the third
annual meeting following election. The division of our board of
directors into three classes with staggered terms may delay or
prevent a change of our management or a change in control. See
Description of capital stockAnti-takeover effects of
provisions of Delaware Law, our restated certificate of
incorporation and restated bylawsClassified board.
In addition, our restated bylaws provide that the authorized
number of directors, which shall constitute the whole board of
directors, may be changed by resolution duly adopted by our
board of directors. Any additional directorships resulting from
an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among
the three classes so that, to the extent possible, any
newly-created directorships shall be added to those classes
whose terms of office are to expire at the latest dates
following such increase. Vacancies and newly-created
directorships may be filled by the affirmative vote of a
majority of our directors then in office, even if less than a
quorum.
Our board of directors has established an Audit Committee and a
Compensation and Nominating Committee. As a controlled company
as defined by the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules, we are not required
to have separate compensation and nominating committees.
Messrs. ,
and
serve on the Audit Committee of our board of directors. Each of
Messrs. , and
is independent under the listing standards of
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and SEC rules.
In addition, our board of directors has determined that
Mr.
is an audit committee financial expert, as defined
under the rules of the SEC. The Audit Committee recommends to
our board of directors the independent public accountants to
audit our financial statements and oversees the annual audit.
The Committee also approves any other services provided by
public accounting firms. The Audit Committee provides assistance
to our board of directors in fulfilling its oversight
responsibility to the stockholders, the investment community and
others relating to the integrity of our financial statements,
our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the
independent auditors qualifications and independence and
the performance of our internal audit function, as applicable.
The Committee oversees our system of disclosure controls and
procedures and system of internal controls regarding financial,
accounting, legal compliance and ethics that management and our
board of directors have established. In doing so, it is the
responsibility of the Committee to maintain free and open
communication between the Committee and our independent
auditors, the internal accounting function and our management.
Messrs. and
serve on the Compensation and Nominating Committee of our board
of directors. This Committee nominates candidates to serve on
our board of directors and approves director compensation. The
Committee is also responsible for monitoring a process to assess
board effectiveness, developing and implementing our corporate
governance guidelines and taking a leadership role in shaping
our corporate governance. See Executive
compensationOur Compensation and Nominating
Committee for a description of the additional duties of
the Compensation and Nominating Committee.
83
Indemnification
Our restated certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws
provide indemnification rights to the members of our board of
directors. Additionally, we will enter into separate
indemnification agreements with the members of our board of
directors to provide additional indemnification benefits,
including the right to receive in advance reimbursements for
expenses incurred in connection with a defense for which the
director is entitled to indemnification.
Compensation
committee interlocks and insider participation
None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board
of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has
one or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our
board of directors or Compensation and Nominating Committee.
84
Executive
compensation
Compensation
discussion and analysis
This compensation discussion describes the material elements of
compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our Chief
Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and our three other
most highly compensated executive officers, each as named in the
tables below. We refer to all of these officers as named
executive officers. While this compensation discussion
focuses primarily on the information contained in the following
tables and related footnotes, as well as the narrative relating
to the last completed fiscal year, we also describe compensation
actions taken before or after the last completed fiscal year to
the extent that such discussion enhances the understanding of
our executive compensation disclosure.
We believe our success depends on the continued contributions of
our named executive officers. Our executive compensation
programs are designed with the philosophy of attracting,
motivating and retaining experienced and qualified executive
officers and directors with compensation that is consistent with
comparable public companies and that recognizes individual merit
and overall business results. Our policies are also intended to
support the attainment of our strategic objectives by tying the
interests of our executive officers with those of our
stockholders through operational and financial performance goals
and equity-based compensation.
The principal elements of our executive compensation programs
are base salary, annual cash incentives, long-term equity
incentives in the form of stock options and stock awards, as
well as other benefits and perquisites. The other benefits and
perquisites provided to our executive officers consist of life,
disability and health insurance benefits, a qualified 401(k)
savings plan, paid vacation and holidays, automobile allowances
and reimbursement for certain club membership dues, cell phone
expenses, professional association dues and fees, and continuing
professional educational programs. Our salary and benefits are
intended to be competitive with similarly situated companies and
our objective is to position the aggregate of these elements at
a level that is commensurate with our size and sustained
performance.
Our Compensation
and Nominating Committee
The Compensation and Nominating Committee of our board of
directors is responsible for the approval, evaluation and
oversight of all of our compensation plans, policies and
programs. The primary purpose of the Compensation and Nominating
Committee is to assist our board of directors in establishing
and implementing our compensation policies and monitoring our
compliance with such policies. The members of our Compensation
and Nominating Committee
are
(chairman)
and ,
each of whom is an independent director in accordance with the
NASDAQ Marketplace rules. From time to time, the Compensation
and Nominating Committee may, whenever it deems appropriate,
form and delegate authority to various subcommittees to the
extent authorized by the Compensation and Nominating Committee.
Mr. ,
as chairman of the Committee, is responsible for selecting the
time and place of meetings and the agendas therefor.
The function of the Compensation and Nominating Committee is
more fully described in its charter, which our board of
directors adopted, effective as
of ,
2007. The Compensation and Nominating Committee reviews and
assesses, on an annual basis, the adequacy of the charter and
recommends any proposed changes to our board of directors for
approval.
85
Acting on behalf of the board of directors, the responsibilities
of the Compensation and Nominating Committee include the
following:
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reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors
with respect to our general compensation policies;
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reviewing and approving our goals and objectives relating to the
compensation of our executive officers, evaluating such
officers performance in light of these goals and
recommending compensation levels to our board of directors based
on these evaluations;
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reviewing market data to assess our position with respect to the
compensation of our executive officers in order to ensure we are
competitive with comparable public companies;
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administering our stock option and restricted stock plans or
other similar plans including selecting to whom grants under any
such plans are made and determining the terms and type of any
such grant;
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recommending to our board of directors the adoption of
amendments to any of our plans and modifying or canceling any
existing grants under such plans;
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reviewing the sufficiency of the shares available for grant
under any of our plans based on our goals for hiring, bonus and
retention grants and assessing our competitive position with
respect to the level of our equity compensation, vesting
schedules and other terms with comparable public companies; and
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preparing the Report of the Compensation and Nominating
Committee to be included in our proxy statement.
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Compensation
program objectives
The objectives of our executive compensation programs are as
follows:
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attract and retain talented and experienced executives;
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motivate and reward executives whose knowledge, skills and
performance are critical to our success;
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align the interests of our executive officers and stockholders
by motivating executive officers to increase stockholder value
and rewarding executive officers when stockholder value
increases;
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provide a competitive compensation package that is weighted
heavily towards pay for performance, and in which total
compensation is primarily determined by company and individual
results and the creation of stockholder value;
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insure fairness among the executive management team by
recognizing the contributions each executive makes to our
success;
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foster a shared commitment among executives by coordinating
their company and individual goals; and
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compensate our executives accordingly to meet our long-term
objectives.
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The Compensation and Nominating Committee will evaluate the
objectives of our executive compensation programs on a regular
basis. In determining the objectives of our executive
86
compensation programs, the Compensation and Nominating Committee
will examine the appropriate matching of compensation to
performance as an individual and as an executive group. The
Compensation and Nominating Committee is responsible for
comparative analysis of our executive compensation plan against
others in the industry to insure that the executive compensation
plans are competitive.
The Compensation and Nominating Committee is responsible for
reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors
regarding our executive compensation programs. These programs
will be implemented to achieve the objectives to be established
by the Compensation and Nominating Committee for compensating
our executive officers. The Compensation and Nominating
Committee will review our executive compensation programs on an
annual basis to determine if such programs are effective in
achieving the objectives established by the Compensation and
Nominating Committee. Compensation objectives will be
established based upon various measurements of profitability,
share value enhancement and specific transaction conclusion,
both as individuals and as a management group.
To assist management and the Compensation and Nominating
Committee in assessing and determining compensation packages,
the Compensation and Nominating Committee may engage
compensation consultants or consider relevant market
compensation data prepared by such consultants based upon the
specific needs of the Compensation and Nominating Committee. The
Compensation and Nominating Committee will contract with any
consultants directly and will control and direct the work to be
performed.
The Compensation and Nominating Committee will meet outside the
presence of all of our executive officers to consider the
appropriate compensation for our Chief Executive Officer. For
all other named executive officers, the Compensation and
Nominating Committee will meet outside the presence of all
executive officers, except our Chief Executive Officer. Our
Chief Executive Officer will annually review the performance of
each named executive officer with the Compensation and
Nominating Committee and will make recommendations to the
Compensation and Nominating Committee with respect to the
appropriate base salary, payments to be made under our annual
cash incentive plan and the grant of long-term equity incentive
awards. Based in part on these recommendations from our Chief
Executive Officer and the other considerations discussed below,
the Compensation and Nominating Committee will approve the
annual compensation package of each of our executive officers,
other than our Chief Executive Officer. The Compensation and
Nominating Committee will analyze the performance of our Chief
Executive Officer and determine the base salary, payments to be
made under our annual cash incentive plan and the grant of
long-term equity incentive awards. Input or suggestions
applicable to group or individual compensation from other
executive officers will be solicited by the Compensation and
Nominating Committee.
Compensation for each executive officer will be determined by
the Compensation and Nominating Committee by evaluating such
officers performance, our performance and the
officers impact on our performance. Based upon these
evaluations, the Compensation and Nominating Committee will
determine the compensation for each of our executive officers,
consistent with the objectives established by the Compensation
and Nominating Committee.
The Compensation and Nominating Committee intends to establish
specific performance targets that our executive officers must
achieve in order to receive certain types of compensation,
including annual bonuses, base pay increases and performance
awards under our 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, referred to as our
2007 Plan, which is an amendment and restatement of our 2003
Stock Option Plan, referred to as our prior plan. The
performance targets to be established
87
will be designed to serve as accurate indicators of the
executive officers impact on our operational success and
provide specific standards that motivate the officers to perform
in our best interest and in our stockholders best interests.
These targets are expected to include performance measures that
increase the value of the company, such as: net income, EBITDAX,
reserve growth and specific major tasks that need to be
accomplished to insure the financial health of the company. Each
officers individual goals will be set based upon those
activities that they can control.
Our Compensation and Nominating Committee has not adopted any
formal or informal policies or guidelines for allocating
compensation between long-term and currently paid out
compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation or among
different forms of non-cash compensation.
Our executive
compensation programs
Overall, we intend for our executive compensation programs to be
consistent with the objectives and principals set forth above.
The basic elements of our executive compensation programs are
summarized in the table below, followed by a more detailed
discussion of each compensation program.
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Element
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Characteristics
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Purpose
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Base salary
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Competitive to industry
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Attract and retain
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Incentive bonus
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Based upon performance
individually and as an executive group
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To motivate enhanced share value,
short and long term financial growth and stability of the company
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Stock incentive plan awards
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Based upon performance
individually and as an executive group
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To retain and motivate our
executives over a longer term
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Retirement savings opportunity
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Competitive to industry
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Enhance overall compensation
package
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Health and welfare benefits
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Competitive to industry
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Attract and retain
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Other perquisites
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Competitive to industry
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Attract, retain and motivate
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All pay elements are cash-based except for the stock incentive
program, which is an equity-based award. We expect to consider
market pay practices and practices of industry peers in
determining the overall amounts to be paid. Compensation
opportunities for our executive officers, including our named
executive officers, are designed to be competitive with peer
companies. We believe that a substantial portion of each named
executive officers compensation should be in performance
based pay.
In determining whether to increase or decrease compensation to
our executive officers, including our named executive officers,
we intend to take into account annually the changes (if any) in
the market pay levels based on our industry peers, the
contributions made by the executive officer, the performance of
the executive officer, the increases or decreases in
responsibilities and roles of the executive officer, the
business needs of the executive officer, the transferability of
managerial skills to another employer, the relevance of the
executive officers experience to
88
other potential employers and the ability of the executive
officer to assume a more significant role with another
organization.
In general, compensation or amounts realized by executives from
prior compensation from us, such as gains from previously
awarded stock options or options awards, will not be taken into
account in setting other elements of compensation, such as base
pay, incentive bonuses or awards of stock options under our
long-term equity incentive program. With respect to new
executive officers, we take into account their prior base salary
and annual cash incentives, as well as the contributions
expected to be made by the new executive officer, the business
needs and the role of the executive officer with us. We believe
that our executive officers should be fairly compensated each
year relative to market pay levels of our industry peers and the
internal pay levels of our executive officers.
Annual cash
compensation
To attract and retain executives with the ability and the
experience necessary to lead us and deliver strong performance
to our stockholders, we provide a competitive total compensation
package. Base salaries are intended to be competitive with our
industry peers, while total compensation is intended to exceed
that of our industry peers, considering individual performance
and experience, to ensure that each executive is appropriately
compensated.
Base
salary
We intend to review salary ranges and individual salaries for
our executive officers annually. We establish the base salary
for each executive officer based on consideration of pay levels
of our industry peers and internal factors, such as the
individuals performance and experience, and the pay of
others on the executive team.
We consider market pay levels among individuals in comparable
positions with transferable skills within the oil and gas
industry and comparable companies in general industry. When
establishing the base salary of any executive officer, we also
consider business requirements for certain skills, individual
experience and contributions, the roles and responsibilities of
the executive and other factors. We believe competitive base
salary is necessary to attract and retain an executive
management team with the appropriate abilities and experience
required to lead us.
The base salaries paid to our named executive officers are set
forth below in the Summary Compensation Table. See
Summary of compensation.
Annual incentive
bonuses
We provide the opportunity for our named executive officers and
other executives to earn an annual cash incentive award. We
provide this opportunity to attract and retain an appropriate
caliber of talent for the position and to motivate executives to
achieve our annual business goals. We plan to review annual cash
incentive awards for our named executive officers and other
executives annually in January or February to determine award
payments for the last completed fiscal year, as well as to
establish award opportunities for the current fiscal year. The
Compensation and Nominating Committee or the board of directors
may exercise discretion and take into account individual
performance in determining the awards.
No incentive bonuses were paid in 2006. In 2007, the named
executive officers received bonuses to cover out-of-pocket taxes
incurred in 2007 as a result of the sale of their respective
shares of
89
our common stock to us as repayment of their respective
management notes, as follows: J. Ross Craft$356,282;
Steven P. Smart$72,814, Glenn W. Reed$86,851; and
Ralph P. Manoushagian $72,301. See Certain
relationships and related party transactionsOther related
party transactions. In 2007, our board approved a bonus
pool of $1.0 million payable one-half upon the filing of
the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,
and one-half upon this registration statement being declared
effective, as follows: J. Ross Craft$275,000; Steven P.
Smart$182,500; J. Curtis Henderson$182,500; Glenn W.
Reed$120,000; Ralph P. Manoushagian$120,000; and
other key employees$120,000. Beginning in 2008, we intend
to establish individual performance goals for our executives.
Stock incentive
compensation
We plan to award long-term equity incentive grants to executive
officers, including the named executive officers, as part of our
total compensation package, under our 2007 Plan.
The 2007 Plan allows for the grant of stock options, stock
appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units,
unrestricted stock awards and other incentive awards. The
primary purpose of the 2007 Plan is to enhance our ability to
attract and retain highly qualified officers, directors, key
employees and other persons, and to motivate such persons to
continue in our service and to expend maximum effort to improve
our business results and earnings, by providing to such persons
an opportunity to acquire or increase a direct proprietary
interest in our operations and future success.
After the closing of this offering, the Compensation and
Nominating Committee will administer the 2007 Plan and in doing
so, the Compensation and Nominating Committee will select
participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards
and the terms and conditions of the awards and interpret the
provisions of the 2007 Plan.
Other
benefits
Retirement
savings opportunity
All employees may participate in our 401(k) Retirement Savings
Plan, or the 401(k) Plan, established in 2003. Each employee may
make before tax contributions of up to 25% of their base salary,
subject to the current Internal Revenue Service limits. We
provide this 401(k) Plan to help our employees save a portion of
their cash compensation for retirement in a tax efficient
manner. We match contributions made by our employees to the
401(k) Plan 100% up to 3% of an employees base salary and
50% from 3% to 5% of an employees base salary. We do not
provide an option for our employees to invest in our stock in
the 401(k) plan.
Health and
welfare benefits
All full-time employees, including our named executive officers,
may participate in our health and welfare benefit programs,
including medical, dental and vision care coverage, disability
insurance and life insurance.
90
Other items of
compensation
Other items of compensation for our named executive officers and
key employees may include automobile allowances, reimbursement
for certain club membership dues, cell phone expenses,
professional association dues and fees and continuing
professional educational programs.
Employment
agreements and other arrangements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of
Messrs. Craft, Reed and Smart. These employment agreements
have an initial term of two years but are automatically extended
for successive one-year terms unless either party gives written
notice within 60 days prior to the end of the term to the
other party that such party desires not to renew the employment
agreement. The employment agreements provide for a minimum
annual base salary of $210,000 for Mr. Craft, $190,000 for
Mr. Smart and $165,000 for Mr. Reed. In 2007, our
board approved an increase in Mr. Crafts annual base
salary to $270,000 and Mr. Smarts annual base salary
to $225,000, effective upon the filing of the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part, and an increase in
Mr. Reeds annual base salary to $185,000. In
addition, each of Messrs. Craft, Reed and Smart are
eligible to participate in any annual bonus plan applicable to
the executive and approved by the board of directors or the
Compensation and Nominating Committee, in amounts to be
determined by the Compensation and Nominating Committee, based
on criteria established by the Compensation and Nominating
Committee. During the period of employment under these
agreements, each of the employees is entitled to additional
benefits, including reimbursement of business and entertainment
expense, paid vacation and participation in other company
benefits, plans or programs that may be available to other
executive employees of our company.
If any of Mr. Craft, Mr. Reed or Mr. Smart is
terminated for cause, we will be obligated to pay such named
executive officer his base salary then in effect through the
date of his termination, prorated for any partial period of
employment, and we shall have no further obligations to such
named executive officer under his respective employment
agreement. Cause means any of the following: the
willful and continue failure of the named executive officer
substantially to perform his duties under the employment
agreement (other than any such failure resulting from such
employee becoming disabled); the willful engaging by the named
executive officer in misconduct that is materially injurious to
us; any misconduct in the course and scope of the named
executive officers employment, including but not limited
to dishonesty, disloyalty, disorderly conduct, insubordination,
harassment of other employees or third parties, abuse of alcohol
or controlled substances or other violations of our rules; or
any material violation of such named executive officers
employment agreement or a voting and stockholders
agreement (which agreement will terminate immediately prior to
the closing of this offering).
If the employment of Mr. Craft or Mr. Reed is
involuntarily terminated without cause, Mr. Craft or
Mr. Reed, as appropriate, is entitled to continue to
receive his base salary plus benefits for a period of
24 months from the date of termination. If
Mr. Crafts involuntary termination occurs during a
change of control period, he will be deemed to have been
terminated without cause. Additionally, Mr. Craft may
terminate his employment for good reason, which will include our
failure to perform under his employment agreement. If
Mr. Craft terminates his employment for good reason, he is
entitled to a lump sum cash payment equal to 50% of his current
base salary within 20 days of his termination, a lump sum
cash payment equal to 150% of his current based salary within
90 days of his termination and continuation of all
applicable benefits for an additional year following his
termination. If Mr. Smarts employment is
involuntarily terminated
91
without cause, Mr. Smart is entitled to continue to receive
his base salary plus benefits for a period of six months from
the date of termination.
In addition, each of these employment agreements contain
provisions that prohibit, with certain limitations,
Messrs. Craft, Reed and Smart from competing with us;
soliciting any of our customers, vendors or acquisition
candidates; or soliciting or hiring any of our employees or
inducing any of them to terminate their employment with us. This
non-competition restriction with respect to Mr. Craft
continues for a period of (i) one year following
termination of employment if Mr. Craft voluntarily resigns
other than on account of a change of control, or his employment
is terminated with or without cause or (ii) six months if
Mr. Craft terminates his employment for good reason other
than a change of control. This non-competition restriction with
respect to Mr. Reed continues for a period of one year
following termination of employment if Mr. Reed voluntarily
resigns other than on account of a change of control, or his
employment is terminated with or without cause. This
non-competition restriction with respect to Mr. Smart
continues for a period of six months following termination of
employment if Mr. Smart voluntarily resigns other than on
account of a change of control, or his employment is terminated
with or without cause. If any of Messrs. Craft, Reed or
Smart is terminated on account of a change of control, this
non-competition restriction will not apply post-termination.
This offering will not constitute a change of control under
these agreements.
Stock ownership
guidelines
Stock ownership guidelines have not been implemented by the
Compensation and Nominating Committee for our executive
officers. Until recently, our common stock was subject to a
stockholders agreement that limited a stockholders ability
to transfer stock. We will continue to periodically review best
practices and reevaluate our position with respect to stock
ownership guidelines.
Tax deductibility
of executive compensation
Limitations on deductibility of compensation may occur under
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, which
generally limits the tax deductibility of compensation paid by a
public company to its Chief Executive Officer and certain other
highly compensated executive officers to $1 million in the
year the compensation becomes taxable to the executive officer.
There is an exception to the limit on deductibility for
performance based compensation that meets certain requirements.
Although deductibility of compensation is preferred, tax
deductibility is not a primary objective of our compensation
programs. We believe that achieving our compensation objectives
set forth above is more important than the benefit of tax
deductibility and we reserve the right to maintain flexibility
in how we compensate our executive officers that may result in
limiting the deductibility of amounts of compensation from time
to time.
Conclusion
We believe the compensation we have provided to each of our
executive officers is reasonable and appropriate to facilitate
the achievement of our operational objectives. The compensation
programs and policies that we have designed effectively
incentivize our executive officers on both a short-term and
long-term basis to perform at a level necessary to achieve these
objectives. The various elements of compensation combine to
align the best interests of our
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executive officers with the best interests of our stockholders
and our best interests in order to maximize stockholder value.
Summary of
compensation
The following table shows information concerning the annual
compensation for services provided to us by our Chief Executive
Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our two other most
highly compensated executive officers during 2006.
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Stock
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Option
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All other
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Name
and principal positions
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Year
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Salary
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Bonus
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awards
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awards
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compensation(1)
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Total
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J. Ross Craft
President and Chief Executive Officer
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2006
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$
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210,000
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(2)
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$
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$
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$
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$
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29,899
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$
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239,899
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Steven P. Smart
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
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2006
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$
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165,000
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(3)
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$
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$
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$
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$
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21,763
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$
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186,763
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Glenn W. Reed
Senior Vice President Operations
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2006
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$
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165,000
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(4)
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$
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$
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$
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$
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19,204
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$
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184,204
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Ralph P. Manoushagian
Senior Vice PresidentLand
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2006
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$
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127,000
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(5)
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$
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$
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$
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$
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185
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$
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127,185
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(1)
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All other compensation reported for
Mr. Craft represents a $15,800 matching contribution by our
company to our 401(k) plan, $8,400 in automobile allowance, $855
relating to cell phone expenses, $2,230 relating to club
membership dues, $420 relating professional licenses and fees,
$750 for life insurance premiums and $1,444 relating to
continuing professional educational programs. All other
compensation reported for Mr. Smart represents a $12,200
matching contribution by our company to our 401(k) plan, $6,000
in automobile allowance, $710 relating to cell phone expenses,
$1,119 relating to professional licenses and fees and $1,734 for
continuing professional educations programs. All other
compensation reported for Mr. Reed represents a $7,000
matching contribution by our company to our 401(k) plan, $8,400
in automobile allowance, $1,875 relating to cell phone expenses,
$38 relating to professional licenses and fees, $496 for life
insurance premiums and $1,395 for continuing professional
educations programs. All other compensation reported for
Mr. Manoushagian represents $185 relating to professional
licenses and fees.
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(2)
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In June 2007, the board approved an
increase in Mr. Crafts annual base salary to $270,000
effective upon the filing of the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part.
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(3)
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In the first quarter of 2007, the
board increased Mr. Smarts annual base salary to
$190,000. In June 2007, the board approved an increase in
Mr. Smarts annual base salary to $225,000 effective
upon the filing of the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part.
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(4)
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In June 2007, the board approved an
increase in Mr. Reeds annual base salary to $185,000.
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(5)
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In June 2007, the board approved an
increase in Mr. Manoushagians annual base salary to
$160,000.
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In February 2007, we hired J. Curtis Henderson to serve as our
Executive Vice President, and General Counsel at an annual base
salary of $190,000. In June 2007, the board approved an increase
in Mr. Hendersons annual base salary to $225,000
effective upon the filing of the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part. In connection with his employment,
Mr. Henderson was awarded 21,250 shares of our common
stock as restricted stock, one-third of which will vest upon the
closing of this offering, one-third of which will vest upon the
one-year anniversary of the closing of this offering, and
one-third of which will vest upon the two-year anniversary of
the closing of this offering.
Grants of
plan-based awards
During 2006, we did not make any awards under any plan to our
named executive officers.
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In June 2007, our board authorized the grant of stock awards
under the 2007 Plan covering 100,000 shares of common stock
(pre-split) to our named executive officers and a member of our
technical team, which grants will become effective upon the
closing of this offering. These stock awards were granted as
follows: J. Ross Craft 30,000 shares; Steven P.
Smart 20,000 shares, J. Curtis
Henderson 20,000 shares; Glenn W.
Reed 10,000 shares; Ralph P.
Manoushagian 10,000 shares; and a technical
team member 10,000 shares. As a related matter,
our board also approved special bonuses to cover out-of-pocket
taxes that will be incurred as a result of the receipt by these
executives of stock awards.
Discussion of
summary compensation and plan-based awards tables
Our executive compensation policies and practices, pursuant to
which the compensation set forth in the Summary Compensation
Table and the grants of Plan Based Awards table was paid or
awarded, are described above under Compensation
discussion and analysis. A summary of certain material
terms of our compensation plans and arrangements is set forth
below.
Description of
the 2007 Plan
The 2007 Plan allows for the grant of stock options, stock
appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units,
performance awards, unrestricted stock awards and other
incentive awards. The primary purpose of the 2007 Plan is to
enhance our ability to attract and retain highly qualified
officers, directors, key employees and other persons, and to
motivate these persons to continue in our service and to expend
maximum effort to improve our business results and earnings, by
providing to these persons an opportunity to acquire or increase
a direct proprietary interest in our operations and future
success. We have reserved 10% of our outstanding shares of
common stock for grant of awards under the 2007 Plan (which will
be adjusted each year to remain at 10% of outstanding shares of
our common stock), plus all shares of common stock that remain
available for grant of awards under the prior plan, plus shares
of common stock subject to outstanding awards under the prior
plan that later cease to be subject to those awards for any
reason other than those awards having been exercised. In
addition, there are 115,385 shares of common stock
(pre-split) subject to outstanding options under the prior plan
that may be issued under the 2007 Plan.
Administration. The 2007 Plan provides for
administration by the board of directors or compensation
committee of the board of directors or another committee of the
board of directors designated by the board of directors. Subject
to the terms of the 2007 Plan, the board or the committee may
select participants to receive awards, determine the types of
awards and terms and conditions of awards and interpret
provisions of the 2007 Plan. Currently, the 2007 Plan is
administered by the board of directors but we expect that the
Compensation and Nominating Committee will administer the 2007
Plan after the closing of this offering.
Common stock reserved for issuance under the 2007
Plan. Our common stock issued or to be issued under the
2007 Plan consists of authorized but unissued shares. If an
award granted under the 2007 Plan expires, is forfeited or
becomes unexercisable for any reason without having been
exercised in full, the undelivered shares of common stock which
were subject to the award shall become available for future
awards under the 2007 Plan.
The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be subject
to incentive stock options granted under the 2007 Plan is
1,100,000. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may
be subject to all awards granted to any one participant each
fiscal year is
94
330,000 shares. The maximum number of shares of common
stock that may be subject to nonqualified stock options and
stock appreciation rights granted to any one participant during
a fiscal year is 330,000. The maximum amount that may be paid in
cash pursuant to performance awards granted to a participant
that are intended to satisfy the qualified performance-based
compensation exception to Section 162(m) of the Internal
Revenue Code is $5,000,000 for each fiscal year during the
applicable performance period.
Adjustments for stock dividends and similar
events. We may make appropriate adjustments in
outstanding awards and the number of shares available for
issuance under the 2007 Plan, including the individual
limitations on awards, to reflect recapitalizations,
reclassifications, stock spits, reverse splits, stock dividends
and other similar events.
Eligibility. Awards may be made under the 2007 Plan
to our employees, directors and consultants, including any
employee who is an officer or director, and to any other person
who, in the opinion of the committee, is in a position to make a
significant contribution our success.
Amendment or termination of the 2007 Plan. Our board
of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the 2007 Plan at
any time and for any reason. The 2007 Plan shall terminate in
any event ten years after the date of its approval by the
stockholders. Amendments to the 2007 Plan will be submitted for
stockholder approval if an amendment increases the maximum
number of shares available under the 2007 Plan (except as
otherwise allowable under the 2007 Plan), changes the
designation or class of persons eligible to receive awards under
the 2007 Plan, or if required by applicable law or by applicable
stock exchange listing requirements. Amendments to limit the
scope of the 2007 Plan or to comply with statutory or regulatory
requirements do not require stockholder approval.
Options. The 2007 Plan permits the granting of
options to purchase shares of common stock intended to qualify
as incentive stock options under the Internal Revenue Code and
stock options that do not qualify as incentive stock options.
The exercise price of each stock option may not be less than
100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of
grant. In the case of certain 10% stockholders who receive
incentive stock options, the exercise price may not be less than
110% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of
grant. An exception to these requirements is made for options
that we grant in substitution for options held by employees of
companies that we acquire. In such a case, the exercise price is
adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employees
stock option from his or her former employer.
The term of each stock option is fixed at the time of grant and
may not exceed 10 years from the date of grant. The
committee determines at what time or times each option may be
exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement,
death, disability or termination of employment during which
options may be exercised. Options may be made exercisable in
installments. The exercisability of options may be accelerated
by the committee.
In general, a participant may pay the exercise price of an
option in cash or in cash equivalents, by tendering shares of
common stock having an aggregate fair market value at the time
of exercise equal to the total exercise price, by surrendering a
sufficient portion of the shares with respect to which the
option is exercised having an aggregate fair market value at the
time of exercise equal to the total exercise price, or in a
combination of these forms.
Stock options granted under the 2007 Plan may not be sold,
transferred, pledged or assigned other than by will or under
applicable laws of descent and distribution. However, we may
95
permit in an award agreement the limited transfers of
non-qualified options for the benefit of the family members of
the optionees.
Other awards. The 2007 Plan permits the granting of
the following additional types of awards:
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shares of unrestricted stock, which are shares of common stock
issued at no cost or for a purchase price and are free from any
transferability and forfeiture restrictions;
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shares of restricted stock, which are shares of common stock
subject to transferability restrictions and a substantial risk
of forfeiture;
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restricted stock units, which constitute a promise to transfer
common stock or an equivalent value in cash in the future;
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dividend equivalent rights with respect to restricted stock
units, which are rights entitling the recipient to receive
either payments or credits of cash or additional restricted
stock units equal in amount to the dividends that would be paid
on the common stock subject to the restricted stock units;
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stock appreciation rights, which are rights to receive a number
of shares or, in the discretion of the committee, an amount in
cash or a combination of shares and cash, based on the increase
in the fair market value of the shares underlying the rights
during a specified period of time;
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performance awards, ultimately payable in common stock or cash
(or a combination), as determined by the committee. Performance
awards are conditioned upon the level of achievement of one or
more stated performance goals over a specified performance
period that is not shorter than one year. An award agreement
will specify the amount, or a formula for determining the
amount, that may be earned under the performance award, the
performance criteria and level of achievement versus the
performance criteria that will determine the amount payable
under the performance award, and the performance period over
which performance is measured. Awards to individuals who are
covered employees under Section 162(m) of the Internal
Revenue Code, or who are likely to be covered in the future, may
be designed to qualify as performance-based compensation under
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent
that the committee so designates; and
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other incentive awards, which may be payable in common stock,
cash or other property as determined by the committee.
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The committee establishes the terms and conditions of awards.
Change of Control. In the event of a Change of
Control (as defined in the 2007 Plan), the vesting of all
awards will be accelerated and any performance criteria will be
deemed to be achieved to the maximum extent possible. If there
is a Change of Control and we are not the surviving corporation
(or we survive only as a subsidiary of another corporation),
unless the committee determines otherwise, awards will be
replaced with similar awards of the surviving corporation (or
parent of the surviving corporation). The committee may require
the surrender to us by selected participants of some or all of
the outstanding awards held by such participants, at which time
we will cancel those awards and cause to be paid to each
affected participant a certain amount of cash per share, as
specified in the 2007 Plan.
96
Outstanding
equity awards at fiscal year-end
The following table summarizes the number of securities
underlying outstanding plan awards for each named executive
officer as of December 31, 2006. This table contains
historical numbers and does not reflect the effect of
our
for
stock split, effected in the form of a stock dividend, which
will occur immediately prior to the closing of this offering.
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Option
awards
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Number of
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securities
underlying
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Option
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Option
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unexercised
options
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exercise
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expiration
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Name
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Exercisable
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Unexercisable
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price
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date
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J. Ross Craft
President and
Chief Executive Officer
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50,964
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$
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10.00
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August 16, 2014
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Steven P. Smart
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
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9,615
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$
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10.00
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August 16, 2014
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Glenn W. Reed
Senior Vice PresidentOperations
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11,538
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$
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10.00
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August 16, 2014
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Ralph P. Manoushagian
Senior Vice PresidentLand
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9,615
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$
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10.00
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August 16, 2014
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Option
exercises
Our named executive officers did not exercise any stock options
in 2006.
Pension
benefits
We do not have any plan that provides for payments or other
benefits at, following or in connection with retirement, other
than our 401(k) plan.
Non-qualified
deferred compensation
We do not have any plan that provides for the deferral of
compensation on a basis that is not tax qualified.
Director
compensation
Historically, our directors have not received any compensation
for serving on our board, although we did reimburse directors
for expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings
of the board of directors. Following this offering, each
non-employee member of our board of directors will receive
compensation for service on our board of directors and
committees thereof. Following this offering, non-employee and
non-Yorktown directors will receive $85,000 per year in shares
of our common stock or cash, at the election of each director,
plus meeting expenses of $1,000 per board and $500 per committee
meeting. The chairman of the Audit Committee will receive $7,500
per year and the chairs of the Compensation and Nominating
Committee will receive $3,500 per year.
Employee directors will not receive compensation for service on
our board of directors. All directors will be reimbursed for
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending
97
meetings of the board or committees and for other reasonable
expenses incurred in connection with service on the board and
any committee.
Potential
payments upon termination or change in control
We have employment agreements with certain of our named
executive officers. Under the terms of the agreements, these
officers receive an annual base salary and are eligible to
participate in an annual bonus plan, to be administered by our
board of directors or otherwise by the Compensation and
Nominating Committee. If any of Mr. Craft, Mr. Reed or
Mr. Smart is terminated for cause, we will be obligated to
pay such named executive officer his base salary then in effect
through the date of termination, prorated for any partial period
of employment, and we shall have no further obligations to such
named executive officer under his respective employment
agreement.
The employment agreement of Messrs. Craft and Reed also
provide that if such officer is terminated by us without cause,
he will be entitled to continue to receive his respective base
salary plus applicable benefits for a period of 24 months
from the date of termination. Mr. Crafts employment
agreement provides that his termination during a change of
control period will be deemed a termination without cause.
Mr. Smarts employment agreement provides that if he
is terminated by us without cause, he will be entitled to
continue to receive his base salary plus applicable benefits for
a period of six months from the date of termination.
Additionally, Mr. Crafts employment agreement
provides that if he terminates his employment for good reason,
he will be entitled to receive severance compensation consisting
of a 50% base salary lump sum payment within 20 days of
termination and a 150% base salary lump sum payment within
90 days of termination.
If Mr. Craft, Mr. Reed or Mr. Smart had been
terminated without cause on December 31, 2006, the
approximate value of the severance benefits, assuming two weeks
of accrued unused vacation time, under the employment agreement
of each such named executive would have been as follows:
Mr. Craft $429,000, Mr. Reed $337,000 and
Mr. Smart $89,000.
For more information about these agreements, please read
Executive compensationOther
benefitsEmployment agreements and other
arrangements. We are not obligated to make any cash
payments to any other named executive officer if their
employment is terminated by us or by the executive. No severance
benefits are provided for any of the named executive officers in
the event of death or disability.
Pursuant to the terms of a restricted stock award agreement
between the company and Mr. Henderson, our Executive Vice
President and General Counsel, in the event of a change of
control of the company (as defined in such award agreement), all
unvested shares of restricted stock held by Mr. Henderson
will fully vest.
This offering will not constitute a change in control of the
company under these agreements.
98
Security
ownership of certain beneficial owners
and management
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
beneficial ownership of Approach Resources Inc. common stock as
of June 30, 2007, giving effect to the transactions
contemplated by the contribution agreement, for:
(i) each person who, to our knowledge, beneficially owns
more than 5% of our common stock;
(ii) each of our directors and executive officers; and
(iii) all of our executive officers and directors as a
group, before our initial public offering and after the
completion of our initial public offering.
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Shares of Approach
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Shares of Approach
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common stock
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common stock
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beneficially
owned
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beneficially
owned
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prior to
offering(1)
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after
offering(2)
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Name
and address of beneficial owner
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Number
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Percent
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Number
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Percent
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J. Ross Craft(3)(4)
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Steven P. Smart(3)(4)
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J. Curtis Henderson(3)
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Glenn W. Reed(3)(4)
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Ralph P. Manoushagian(3)(4)
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Bryan H. Lawrence(5)(6)
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James H. Brandi(7)
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James C. Crain(8)
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Sheldon B. Lubar(9)(10)
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Christopher J. Whyte(11)
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Yorktown Energy Partners V,
L.P.(5)
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Yorktown Energy Partners VI,
L.P.(5)
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Yorktown Energy Partners VII,
L.P.(5)
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Lubar Equity Fund, LLC(9)
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Neo Canyon Exploration, L.P.(12)
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All officers and directors as a
group (10 persons)(4)
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*
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Less than one percent.
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(1)
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Unless otherwise indicated, all
shares of stock are held directly with sole voting and
investment power.
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(2)
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For purposes of calculating the
percent of the class outstanding held by each owner shown above
with a right to acquire additional shares, the total number of
shares excludes the shares which all other persons have the
right to acquire within 60 days after the date of this
prospectus, pursuant to the exercise of outstanding stock
options and warrants.
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(3)
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Has a principal business address of
c/o Approach
Resources Inc., 6300 Ridglea Place, Suite 1107,
Fort Worth, Texas 76116.
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99
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(4)
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The number of shares beneficially
owned includes the following shares that are subject to options
that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within
60 days of the date of this prospectus:
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Shares subject
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Name of
beneficial owner
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to
options
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J. Ross Craft
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Steven P. Smart
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Glenn W. Reed
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Ralph P. Manoushagian
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(5)
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Has a principal business address of
410 Park Avenue,
19th floor,
New York, New York 10022.
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(6)
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Includes attribution of shares held
by Yorktown Energy Partners V, L.P., Yorktown Energy
Partners VI, L.P. and Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P.
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(7)
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Has a principal business address of
126 East 56th Street, New York, New York 10022.
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(8)
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Has a principal business address of
300 Crescent Court, Suite 900, Dallas, Texas 75201.
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(9)
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Has a principal business address of
700 N. Water Street, Suite 1200, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53202.
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(10)
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Includes attribution of shares held
by Lubar Equity Fund, LLC.
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(11)
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Has a principal business address of
6363 Woodway, Suite 350, Houston, Texas 77057.
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(12)
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Has a principal business address of
325 North St. Paul, Suite 4300, Dallas, Texas 75201.
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Certain
relationships and related party transactions
The contribution
agreement
Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, Approach
Resources Inc. will acquire all of the outstanding capital stock
of Approach Oil & Gas Inc. and will acquire the 30%
working interest in the Ozona Northeast field that Approach
Resources Inc. does not already own from Neo Canyon
Exploration, L.P. Upon the closing of the transactions
contemplated by the contribution agreement, Neo Canyon
Exploration, L.P. and each of the stockholders of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. will receive shares of stock in
Approach Resources Inc. in exchange for their respective
contributions. In addition, we have agreed to include up
to shares
of stock in the registration statement of which this prospectus
is a part on behalf of the selling stockholder.
Convertible
notes
On June 25, 2007, Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P. and
Lubar Equity Fund, LLC loaned an aggregate of $20,000,000 to
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. under two convertible
promissory notes of $10,000,000 each. These notes bear interest
at a rate of 7.00% per annum and mature on June 25, 2010.
These notes are convertible at the election of the lender into
shares of equity securities of Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
upon the occurrence of certain events and automatically, and
without further action required by any person, convert into
shares of our common stock upon the consummation of this
offering. The number of shares of our common stock to be issued
upon the automatic conversion of these notes will be equal to
the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the outstanding
principal and accrued interest on each respective note by
(b) the initial public offering price per share, less any
underwriting discount per share for the shares of our common
stock that are issued in this offering. The shares of our common
stock issued to Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P. and Lubar
Equity Fund, LLC upon such automatic conversion will be entitled
to the same registration rights as those provided to certain
holders of our common stock in connection with the contribution
agreement. The total principal and interest
100
owed under these notes as of June 30, 2007 was $20,023,014,
consisting of $10,011,507 owed to each of Yorktown Energy
Partners VII, L.P. and Lubar Equity Fund, LLC. Yorktown Energy
Partners VII, L.P. is an affiliate of the Yorktown entities, and
Lubar Equity Fund, LLC is an affiliate of Sheldon B. Lubar, who
serves as a member of our board of directors.
Employment and
indemnification agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with certain of our
executive officers. See ManagementExecutive
compensationOther benefitsEmployment agreements and
other arrangements for a detailed description of these
agreements. Additionally, we will enter into indemnification
agreements with our officers and the members of our board of
directors.
Indemnification
of directors and officers
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the
DGCL, permits indemnification of officers, directors and other
corporate agents under specific circumstances and subject to
specific limitations. Our restated certificate of incorporation
and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors
and officers to the full extent permitted by the DGCL, including
in circumstances in which indemnification is otherwise
discretionary under Delaware law.
We will enter into indemnity agreements with our directors and
executive officers that provide the maximum indemnity allowed to
directors and executive officers by Section 145 of the
DGCL, as well as certain additional procedural protections. The
indemnity agreements provide that directors are and will be
indemnified to the fullest extent not prohibited by law against
all expenses (including attorneys fees) and settlement
amounts paid or incurred by them in any action or proceeding as
our directors or executive officers, including any action on
account of their services as executive officers or directors of
any other company or enterprise when they are serving in such
capacities at our request, and including any action by us or in
our right. In addition, the indemnity agreements provide for
reimbursement of expenses incurred in conjunction with being a
witness in any proceeding to which the indemnitee is not a
party. We are required to pay in advance of a final disposition
of a proceeding or claim the expenses incurred by the indemnitee
no later than ten days after our receipt of an undertaking by or
on behalf of the indemnitee to repay the amount of the expenses
to the extent that it is ultimately determined that the
indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by us. The
indemnity agreements also provide the indemnitee with remedies
in the event that we do not fulfill our obligations under the
indemnity agreements.
Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to
provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of
the corporation will not be personally liable to the corporation
or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach
of the directors duty of loyalty to the corporation or its
stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith
or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation
of law, (iii) for payments of unlawful dividends or
unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions or (iv) for any
transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit. Our certificate of incorporation provides for that
limitation of liability.
We will maintain policies of insurance under which our directors
and officers are insured, within the limits and subject to the
limitations of the policies, against specific expenses in
connection with the defense of, and specific liabilities which
might be imposed as a result of, actions, suits or proceedings
to which they are parties by reason of being or having been
directors or officers.
101
Business
opportunities renunciation
All of our non-employee directors and certain of our
stockholders may from time to time have investments in other
exploration and production companies that may compete with us.
Section 122(17) of the DGCL permits a Delaware corporation,
such as Approach Resources Inc., to renounce in its certificate
of incorporation or by action of its board of directors any
interest or expectancy of the corporation in certain
opportunities, effectively eliminating the ambiguity in a
Delaware corporations ability to do so in advance arising
out of prior Delaware case law. Under corporate law concepts of
fiduciary duty, officers and directors generally have a duty to
disclose to us opportunities that are related to our business
and are generally prohibited from pursuing those opportunities
unless we determine that we are not going to pursue them. Our
restated certificate of incorporation and our Business
Opportunities Agreement provide that so long as any of the
parties to the Business Opportunities Agreement, which we refer
to as Designated Parties, is serving as a member of
our board of directors, we renounce any interest or expectancy
in any business opportunity, transaction or other matter in and
that involves any aspect of the oil and gas exploration,
exploitation, development and production other than:
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any business opportunity that is brought to the attention of a
Designated Party solely in such persons capacity as a
director of our company and with respect to which, at the time
of such presentment, no other Designated Party has independently
received notice or otherwise identified such opportunity; or
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any business opportunity that is identified by a Designated
Party solely through the disclosure of information by or on
behalf of us.
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Thus, for example, a Designated Party may pursue opportunities
in the oil and gas exploration and production industry for their
own account. Our restated certificate of incorporation provides
that the Designated Parties have no obligation to offer such
opportunities to us.
Pursuant to this Business Opportunities Agreement approved by
our board of directors, each of the Designated Parties will not
have a duty to inform us of a business opportunity that he
becomes aware of so long as he did not become aware of the
opportunity solely as a consequence of serving as a member of
our board of directors. Furthermore, the Designated Parties will
each be permitted to pursue that opportunity even if it is
competitive with our business. This business opportunities
agreement does not prohibit us from pursuing any business
opportunity to which we have renounced any interest or
expectancy. It will provide the Designated Parties and their
respective affiliates with some certainty that opportunities
that they independently pursue will not be required to be first
offered to us.
Registration
rights agreement
In connection with the contribution agreement and certain other
transactions, we will enter into a registration rights agreement
with our existing stockholders, pursuant to which we will grant
certain demand and piggyback registration rights.
Under the registration rights agreement, each of Yorktown Energy
Partners V, L.P., Yorktown Energy Partners VI, L.P. and
Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P. and the members of our
management team will have the right to require us to file a
registration statement for the public sale of all of the shares
of common stock owned by it or them any time after six months
following the date the SEC declares the registration statement
of which this prospectus forms a part effective. In addition, if
we sell any shares of our common stock in a registered
102
underwritten offering, each of our existing stockholders will
have the right to include his or its shares in that offering.
The underwriters of any such offering will have the right to
limit the number of shares to be included in such sale.
We will pay all expenses relating to any demand or piggyback
registration, except for underwriters or brokers
commission or discounts. The securities covered by the
registration rights agreement will no longer be registrable
under the registration rights agreement if they have been sold
to the public either pursuant to a registration statement or
under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.
Other related
party transactions
In connection with the formation of Approach Resources Inc. and
subsequent financing transactions, approximately
415,385 shares of our common stock were issued to certain
of our executive officers and other key members of management in
exchange for notes receivable. The notes issued by our executive
officers and other key members of management, including J. Ross
Craft, Steven P. Smart, Glenn W. Reed and Ralph P. Manoushagian,
were full recourse, earned interest at an annual rate of 6.00%,
and matured upon the earlier of (i) December 31, 2008
or, (ii) if earlier, the date upon which the Company or any
successor to the Company registers any class of its securities
under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is
required to file periodic reports under Section 15(d) of
the 1934 Act, or files a registration statement under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The note holders repaid
these notes with interest in January 2007 by selling us an
aggregate of 84,550 shares of our common stock in
satisfaction of the management holders aggregate
outstanding indebtedness of $4,184,324. The note holders
received bonuses to cover out-of-pocket taxes incurred in 2007
as a result of the sale of their respective shares of our common
stock to us as repayment for their respective management notes.
On May 10, 2006, we acquired interests in oil and gas
properties in Western Kentucky from Hallador Petroleum Company
for approximately $3.3 million in cash. Hallador Petroleum
Company was owned 32% by Yorktown Energy Partners VI, L.P., an
affiliate of the Yorktown entities, at the time of the
acquisition. The valuation of the New Albany Shale oil and gas
interests held by Hallador Petroleum Company was determined by
arms-length negotiations between us and Hallador. At the time of
the acquisition, Mr. Lawrence was a member of the board of
directors of Hallador and a member of our board of directors.
Under the terms of this agreement, 60 days after we drilled
three exploratory gas wells, Hallador had the option to purchase
a one-third working interest in the project by paying one-third
of the land costs expended by us. In October 2006, Hallador sold
one-half of its rights under this option to T.H. McElvain
Oil & Gas Limited Partnership, an unaffiliated third
party. Drilling began in December 2006. Hallador and McElvain
jointly exercised the option in April 2007, leaving
Halladors net ownership in the project at one-sixth.
Procedures for
review and approval of related person transactions
Before the effective date of the registration statement of which
this prospectus forms a part, we plan to adopt a written code of
conduct. Under this written code of conduct, our executive
officers and directors will not be permitted to enter into any
transactions with us without the approval of either our audit
committee or our board of directors. In approving or rejecting
such proposed transactions, the audit committee or board of
directors, as applicable, will consider the relevant facts and
circumstances available and deemed relevant to the audit
committee or
103
board of directors, as applicable, including the risks, costs,
benefits to the company, the terms of the transactions, the
availability of other sources for comparable services or
products and, if applicable, the impact on a directors
independence. Our audit committee
and/or board
of directors will approve only those transactions that, in light
of known circumstances, are in, or are not inconsistent with,
our best interests, as our audit committee or board of directors
determines in the good faith exercise of its discretion. We will
designate a compliance officer to generally oversee compliance
with our code of conduct.
All of the transactions described above were entered into before
the adoption of our code of conduct. Instead, their approvals
are as described herein. The contribution agreement and related
transactions were unanimously approved by our board of
directors. The convertible notes were unanimously approved by
our board of directors. The employment agreements, director and
officer indemnification agreements and the business
opportunities agreements were unanimously approved by our board
of directors. The registration rights agreement was unanimously
approved by our board of directors. The Ozona Pipeline and
Hallador transactions were unanimously approved by our board of
directors.
104
Selling
stockholder
The following table sets forth certain information with respect
to the ownership by the selling stockholder of our common stock
as
of ,
2007 and as adjusted to give effect to this offering. To our
knowledge, the selling stockholder will have sole voting and
investment power as to the shares shown. The selling stockholder
is not a director, officer or employee of ours or an affiliate
of such person.
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Shares
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owned prior
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Number of
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Number of
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Shares owned
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to
offering(2)
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shares being
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shares being
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after
offering(3)(4)
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Name
of selling stockholder(1)
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Number
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Percent
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offered(3)
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redeemed
by us
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Number
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Percent
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Neo Canyon Exploration, L.P.
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(1)
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Ownership is determined in
accordance with
Rule 13d-3
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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(2)
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Based upon an aggregate
of shares
to be outstanding following the consummation of the transactions
described under Certain relationships and related party
transactionsThe contribution agreement.
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(3)
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Assumes no exercise of the
underwriters over-allotment option.
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(4)
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Based upon an aggregate
of shares
to be outstanding following the consummation of the transactions
described under Certain relationships and related party
transactionsThe contribution agreement, the
automatic conversion of notes described under Certain
relationships and related party transactionsConvertible
notes,
our
for
common stock split and this offering.
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105
Description of
capital stock
The following description is based on relevant portions of
the DGCL and on our restated certificate of incorporation and
restated bylaws. This summary is not necessarily complete, and
we refer you to the DGCL, and our restated certificate of
incorporation and restated bylaws for a more detailed
description of the provisions summarized below.
Our authorized capital stock consists of 90,000,000 shares
of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and
10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per
share. Under Delaware law, our stockholders shall not be
personally liable for our debts or obligations except as they
may be liable by reason of their own conduct or acts.
Common
stock
We have a total
of shares
of our common stock outstanding. Additionally, options to
purchase shares
of common stock are currently outstanding and have been granted
to certain members of our management and employees
and shares
have been reserved for future grants. We have reserved 10% of
our outstanding shares of common stock for grant of awards under
the 2007 Plan (which shall be adjusted each year to remain at
10% of the outstanding shares of our common stock), plus all
shares of common stock that remain available for grant of awards
under the prior plan, plus shares of common stock subject to
outstanding awards under the prior plan that later cease to be
subject to those awards for any reason other than those awards
having been exercised. Upon completion of this offering, we will
have shares
of common stock outstanding, or shares if the underwriters
exercise their over-allotment option in full.
Holders of our common or restricted stock are entitled to one
vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of
our stockholders. Because holders of common stock do not have
cumulative voting rights, the holders of a majority of the
shares of common stock can elect all of the members of the board
of directors standing for election.
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends
if, as and when such dividends are declared by our board of
directors out of assets legally available therefor after payment
of dividends required to be paid on shares of preferred stock,
if any. Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding up, and
subject to any prior rights of outstanding preferred stock, the
holders of our common stock will be entitled to share pro rata
in the distribution of all our assets available for distribution
to our stockholders after satisfaction of our debts and other
liabilities and the payment of the liquidation preference of any
preferred stock that may be outstanding. There are no redemption
or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All
outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and
nonassessable. The holders of our common stock have no
preemptive, conversion, redemption or other subscription rights.
The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common
stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the
rights of holders of shares of any series of preferred stock
that we may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred
stock
Subject to the provisions of our restated certificate of
incorporation and limitations prescribed by law, our board of
directors is authorized, without further stockholder approval,
to establish and to issue from time to time one or more classes
or series of preferred stock, par value
106
$0.01 per share, covering up to an aggregate of
10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Each class or series
of preferred stock will cover the number of shares and will have
preferences, voting powers, qualifications and special or
relative rights or privileges as is determined by the board of
directors, which may include, among others, dividend rights,
liquidation preferences, voting rights, conversion rights,
preemptive rights and redemption rights.
The rights of the holders of common stock will be subject to the
rights of holders of any preferred stock issued in the future.
The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the
voting power of holders of common stock and reduce the
likelihood that common stockholders will receive dividend
payments and payments upon liquidation. The issuance of
preferred stock could also have the effect of decreasing the
market price of the common stock and could delay, deter or
prevent a change in control of our company.
The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred
stock could have anti-takeover effects because we could issue
preferred stock with special dividend or voting rights that
could discourage potential bidders. For example, a business
combination could be impeded by the issuance of a series of
preferred stock containing class voting rights that would enable
the holder or holders of such series to block any such
transaction. Alternatively, a business combination could be
facilitated by the issuance of a series of preferred stock
having sufficient voting rights to provide a required percentage
vote of our stockholders. In addition, under some circumstances,
the issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the
voting power and other rights of the holders of common stock and
could also affect the likelihood that holders of our common
stock will receive dividend payments and payments on
liquidation. Although prior to issuing any series of preferred
stock our board of directors will be required to make a
determination as to whether the issuance is in the best interest
of our stockholders, our board of directors could act in a
manner that would discourage an acquisition attempt or other
transaction that some, or a majority, of our stockholders might
believe to be in their best interests or in which our
stockholders might receive a premium for their stock over
prevailing market prices of such stock. Our board of directors
does not at present intend to seek stockholder approval prior to
any issuance of currently authorized preferred stock, unless
otherwise required by law or applicable stock exchange
requirements.
Registration
rights agreement
In connection with the contribution transaction and certain
other transactions, we entered into a registration rights
agreement with certain holders of our common stock prior to this
offering. See Certain relationships and related party
transactionsRegistration rights agreement.
Anti-takeover
effects of provisions of Delaware law, our restated certificate
of incorporation and restated bylaws
A number of provisions in our restated certificate of
incorporation, our restated bylaws and the DGCL may make it more
difficult to acquire control of us. These provisions could
deprive our stockholders of opportunities to realize a premium
on the shares of common stock owned by them. In addition, these
provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of
our common stock. These provisions are intended to:
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enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the
composition of the board of directors and in the policies
formulated by the board of directors;
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107
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discourage transactions which may involve an actual or
threatened change in control of us;
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discourage tactics that may be involved in proxy fights; and
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encourage persons seeking to acquire control of our company to
consult first with the board of directors to negotiate the terms
of any proposed business combination or offer.
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Written consent of stockholders. Our restated
certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws provide that
any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders
must be taken at a duly called meeting of stockholders and not
by written consent.
Call of special stockholder meetings. Our restated
bylaws provide that stockholders are not permitted to call
special meetings of stockholders. Only our board of directors,
chairman or Chief Executive Officer is permitted to call a
meeting of stockholders.
Amending the bylaws. Our restated certificate of
incorporation permits our board of directors to adopt, alter or
repeal any provision of the restated bylaws or to make new
bylaws. Our restated certificate of incorporation also provides
that our restated bylaws may be amended by the affirmative vote
of at least 67% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of
our capital stock.
Classified board. Our restated certificate of
incorporation provides that our board of directors is divided
into three classes of directors, with the classes to be as
nearly equal in number as possible. As a result, approximately
one-third of our board of directors will be elected each year.
The classification of directors has the effect of making it more
difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our
board of directors. Our restated certificate of incorporation
and restated bylaws provide that the number of directors will be
fixed from time to time pursuant to a resolution adopted by the
board of directors.
Advance notice procedures for stockholder proposals and
director nominations. Our restated bylaws provide that
stockholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting
of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as
directors at an annual meeting of stockholders, must provide
timely notice thereof in writing. To be timely, a
stockholders notice generally must be delivered to or
mailed and received at our principal executive offices not less
than 90 and no more than 120 calendar days before the first
anniversary of the date on which we first mailed our proxy
materials for the preceding years annual meeting of
stockholders. In addition, our restated bylaws specify
requirements for the form and content of a stockholders
notice. These provisions may preclude stockholders from bringing
matters before an annual meeting of stockholders or from making
nominations for directors at an annual meeting of stockholders.
Filling board of directors vacancies; removal. Our
restated certificate of incorporation provides that vacancies
and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in
the authorized number of directors may be filled by the
affirmative vote of a majority of our directors then in office,
though less than a quorum. Each director will hold office until
his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until the
directors earlier death, resignation, retirement or
removal from office. Any director may resign at any time upon
written notice to us. Our restated certificate of incorporation
provides, in accordance with the DGCL, that the stockholders may
remove directors only for cause and by the affirmative vote of
at least 67% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding
shares of our common stock. We believe that the removal of
directors by the stockholders only for cause, together with the
classification of the board of
108
directors, will promote continuity and stability in our
management and policies and that this continuity and stability
will facilitate long-range planning.
No cumulative voting. The DGCL provides that
stockholders are not entitled to use cumulative voting in the
election of directors unless our restated certificate of
incorporation provides otherwise. Under cumulative voting, a
majority stockholder holding a sufficient percentage of a class
of shares may be able to ensure the election of one or more
directors. Our restated certificate of incorporation expressly
precludes cumulative voting.
Authorized but unissued shares. Our restated
certificate of incorporation provides that the authorized but
unissued shares of preferred stock are available for future
issuance without stockholder approval. These additional shares
may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including
future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate
acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of
authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred
stock could discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by
means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.
Delaware Business Combination Statute. We are
subject to Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate
takeovers. This section prevents a Delaware corporation from
engaging in a business combination which includes a merger or
sale of more than 10% of the corporations assets with a
stockholder who owns 15% or more of the corporations
outstanding voting stock, as well as affiliates and associates
of any of those persons. That prohibition extends for three
years following the date that stockholder acquired that amount
of stock unless:
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the transaction in which that stockholder acquired the stock is
approved by the board of directors prior to that date;
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upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the
acquisition of the stock, the stockholder owned at least 85% of
the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the
transaction commenced, excluding those shares owned by various
employee benefit plans or persons who are directors and also
officers; or
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on or after the date the stockholder acquired the stock, the
business combination is approved by the board of directors and
authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by
the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding
voting stock that is not owned by the stockholder.
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Stockholders may, by adopting an amendment to our restated
certificate of incorporation or our restated bylaws, elect for
the corporation not to be governed by Section 203 of the
DGCL. Such amendment shall not become effective until
12 months after the date it is adopted or applies to a
stockholder. Neither our restated certificate of incorporation
or restated bylaws exempt us from the restrictions imposed under
Section 203. It is anticipated that the provisions of
Section 203 may encourage companies interested in acquiring
us to negotiate in advance with our board of directors.
Section 203 will not apply to a business combination
between us and Yorktown or a Yorktown affiliate because Yorktown
held more than 15% of our stock prior to the effective date of
our restated certificate of incorporation.
Limitation of liability of directors and officers;
indemnification. Our restated certificate of
incorporation provides that to the fullest extent permitted by
Delaware law, as that law may be amended and supplemented from
time to time, our directors shall not be personally liable to us
or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary
duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach
of the directors duty of loyalty to the company or our
stockholders,
109
(ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which
involve intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of
law, (iii) the payment of dividends in violation of
Section 174 of the DGCL, or (iv) for any transaction
from which the director derived any improper personal benefit.
The effect of the provision of our restated certificate of
incorporation is to eliminate the rights of the company and our
stockholders (through stockholders derivative suits on our
behalf) to recover monetary damages against a director for
breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director (including
breaches resulting from negligent behavior) except in the
situations described in clauses (i) through
(iv) above. Our restated bylaws also set forth certain
indemnification provisions and provide for the advancement of
expenses incurred by a director in defending a claim by reason
of the fact that he was one of our directors (or was serving as
a director or officer of another entity at our request),
provided that the director agrees to repay the amounts advanced
if the director is not entitled to be indemnified by us under
the provisions of the DGCL. The indemnification provisions of
our restated certificate of incorporation may reduce the
likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and may
discourage or deter stockholders or management from bringing a
lawsuit against directors for breaches of their fiduciary
duties, even though an action, if successful, otherwise might
have benefited us and our stockholders.
The right to indemnification and advancement of expenses are not
exclusive of any other rights to indemnification our directors
or officers may be entitled to under any agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. We intend
to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our
directors and some of our officers pursuant to which we agree to
indemnify the director or officer against expenses, judgments,
fines or amounts paid in settlement incurred by the director or
officer and arising in his capacity as a director, officer,
employee
and/or agent
of the company or other enterprise of which he is a director,
officer, employee or agent acting at our request to the maximum
extent permitted by applicable law, subject to certain
limitations. Additionally, under Delaware law, we may purchase
and maintain insurance for the benefit and on behalf of our
directors and officers insuring against all liabilities that may
be incurred by the director or officer in or arising out of his
capacity as our director, officer, employee
and/or agent.
Transfer agent
and registrar
will be the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.
Shares eligible
for future sale
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our
common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock in
the public market after we complete this offering, or the
perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the
prevailing market price of our common stock and could impair our
ability to raise equity capital in the future through the sale
of our equity securities.
As
of ,
2007, we
had shares
of common stock outstanding. Upon the closing of this offering,
we will
have shares
of common stock outstanding and outstanding options to purchase
shares of our common stock. All of the shares of our common
stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without
restriction or further registration under the Securities Act,
except for any shares purchased by one of our
affiliates as that term is defined in Rule 144
under the Securities Act. All of the shares outstanding other
than the shares sold in
110
this offering (a total
of shares,
or shares
if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional
shares in full) will be restricted securities within
the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may
not be sold other than through registration under the Securities
Act or pursuant to an exemption from registration, subject to
the restrictions on transfer contained in the
lock-up
agreements described below and in Underwriting.
Persons who may be deemed affiliates generally include
individuals or entities that control, are controlled by or are
under common control with us and may include our officers,
directors and significant stockholders.
Lock-up
arrangements
In connection with this offering, we, our executive officers and
directors and the other holders of our common stock (including
the selling stockholder) have agreed that, during the period
beginning from the date of this prospectus and continuing to and
including the date 180 days after the date of this
prospectus, neither we nor any of them will, directly or
indirectly, offer, sell, offer to sell, contract to sell or
otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock without the
prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., on
behalf of the underwriters, with limited exceptions. This
lock-up will
not apply to
approximately shares
that are issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding under
our long-term incentive plan and up to an
additional shares
covered by grants that we are permitted to award under our
existing stock incentive plan during the
180-day
lock-up
period. See Underwriting for a description of these
lock-up
arrangements. Upon the expiration of these
lock-up
agreements, shares,
or shares
if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, will be eligible for sale in the public market under
Rule 144 of the Securities Act, subject to volume
limitations and other restrictions contained in Rule 144.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect,
beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a
person, or persons whose shares are aggregated, who have
beneficially owned restricted shares for at least one year,
including the holding period of any prior owner (other than an
affiliate of ours), would be entitled to sell within
any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed
the greater of (i) 1% of the number of shares of common
stock then outstanding or (ii) the average weekly trading
volume of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market during
the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a Form 144
with respect to the sale.
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain manner of
sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability
of certain public information about us.
Rule 144(k)
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been
one of our affiliates at any time during the
90 days preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned
the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years, including
the holding period of any prior owner (other than an
affiliate or ours) is entitled to sell those shares
without complying with the manner of sale, public information,
volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144.
111
Stock issued
under employee plans
We intend to file a registration statement on
Form S-8
under the Securities Act to register
approximately shares
of common stock issuable with respect to options and other
equity incentive awards that have been granted or are reserved
for issuance under our employee plans or otherwise. This
registration statement is expected to be filed following the
effective date of the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part and will be effective upon filing. Shares
issued under our 2007 Plan will be eligible for resale in the
public market without restriction after the effective date of
the
Form S-8
registration statements, subject to Rule 144 limitations
applicable to affiliates. Under Rule 701 under the
Securities Act, as currently in effect, each of our employees,
officers, directors and consultants who purchased or received
shares pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract is
eligible to resell these shares 90 days after the effective
date of this offering in reliance upon Rule 144, but
without compliance with specific restrictions. Rule 701
provides that affiliates may sell their
Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 without complying
with the holding period requirement and that non-affiliates may
sell their shares in reliance on Rule 144 without complying
with the holding period, public information, volume limitation
or notice provisions of Rule 144.
Registration
rights
In connection with the contribution transaction and certain
other transactions, we entered into a registration rights
agreement with certain of our stockholders covering shares of
common stock owned by such stockholders. For a description of
the registration rights agreement, see Certain
relationships and related party transactionsRegistration
rights agreement.
112
Material United
States federal income and estate tax considerations for
non-United
States holders
The following is a summary of material United States federal
income and, to a limited extent, estate tax considerations
relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our
common stock by persons that are
non-United
States holders (as defined below), but does not purport to be a
complete analysis of all the potential tax considerations
relating thereto. This summary is based upon the current
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or
the Code, Treasury Regulations, administrative rulings,
published positions of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS,
court decisions thereunder and other applicable authorities, all
as now in effect and all of which are subject to change or
differing interpretations, in each case, possibly with
retroactive effect. This summary deals only with
non-United
States holders that will hold our common stock as a
capital asset (generally, property held for
investment). In addition, this discussion does not address all
of the United States federal income tax consequences that may be
relevant to a particular person in light of its particular
circumstances and tax considerations applicable to investors
that may be subject to special rules under United States federal
income tax law, such as (without limitation):
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certain former citizens or residents of the United States;
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stockholders that hold out common stock as part of a straddle,
appreciated financial position, synthetic security, hedge,
conversion transaction or other integrated investment or risk
reduction transaction;
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stockholders who acquired our common stock through the exercise
of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation or
through a tax qualified retirement plan;
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stockholders that are S corporations, entities or
arrangements treated as partnerships for United States federal
income tax purposes or other pass through entities or owners
thereof;
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financial institutions;
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insurance companies;
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tax-exempt entities;
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dealers in securities or foreign currencies; and
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traders in securities that mark to market.
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Furthermore, this summary does not address any aspect of state,
local, foreign or other tax laws or the gift tax or alternative
minimum tax provisions of the Code.
If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as
a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes)
holds the common stock, the tax treatment of a partner will
generally depend upon the status of the partner and the
activities of the partnership. If you are a partnership
(including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for
United States federal income tax purposes) holding our common
stock or a partner of such a partnership, you should consult
your tax advisor.
We have not sought any ruling from the IRS with respect to the
statements made and the conclusions reached in the following
summary. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not
assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary
to any of those set forth below.
113
As used in this discussion, except as otherwise defined for
estate tax purposes, a
non-United
States holder is a beneficial owner of common stock (other
than an entity treated as a partnership for United States
federal income tax purposes) that for United States federal
income tax purposes is not:
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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States,
including an alien individual who is a lawful permanent resident
of the United States or who meets the substantial
presence test under Section 7701(b) of the Code;
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a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for
United States federal income tax purposes, that was created or
organized in or under the laws of the United States or any
political subdivision thereof;
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an estate whose income is subject to United States federal
income taxation regardless of its source; or
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a trust (i) if its administration is subject to the
supervision of a court within the United States and one or more
United States persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) that has a valid
election in effect under applicable United States Treasury
Regulations to be treated as a United States person.
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INVESTORS CONSIDERING THE PURCHASE OF COMMON STOCK SHOULD
CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION
OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX LAWS TO THEIR
PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING
UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN TAXING
JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.
Dividends
We do not presently expect to declare or pay any dividends on
our common stock in the foreseeable future. However, if we do
make distributions on our common stock, such distributions will
constitute dividends for United States federal income tax
purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated
earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal
income tax principles. Distributions in excess of earnings and
profits will constitute a return of capital that is applied
against and reduces the
non-United
States holders adjusted tax basis in our common stock (on
a share by share basis). Any remaining excess will be treated as
gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the common
stock and will be treated as described under Gain on
disposition of common stock below. The gross amount of any
dividend (out of earnings and profits) paid to a
non-United
States holder of common stock generally will be subject to
United States withholding tax at a rate of 30% unless the holder
is entitled to an exemption from or reduced rate of withholding
under an applicable income tax treaty. In order to receive a
reduced treaty rate, prior to the payment of a dividend a
non-United
States holder must provide us with a properly completed IRS
Form W-8BEN
(or successor form) certifying qualification for the reduced
rate.
Dividends paid to a
non-United
States holder that are effectively connected with a trade or
business conducted by the
non-United
States holder in the United States (and, where a tax treaty
applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment
maintained by the
non-United
States holder in the United States) generally will be exempt
from the withholding tax described above and instead will be
subject to United States federal income tax on a net income
basis at the regular graduated individual or corporate United
States federal income tax rates in much
114
the same manner as if the
non-United
States holder were a resident of the United States. In order to
obtain this exemption from withholding tax prior to the payment
of a dividend, a
non-United
States holder must provide us with an IRS
Form W-8ECI
or W-8BEN,
as applicable, (or other applicable form) properly certifying
eligibility for such exemption. A corporate
non-United
States holder also may be subject to an additional branch
profits tax at a rate of 30% of its effectively connected
earnings and profits or such lower rate as may be specified by
an applicable tax treaty.
A non-United
States holder who provides us with an IRS
Form W-8BEN
or an IRS
Form W-8ECI
may be required to periodically update such form.
If a
non-United
States holder is eligible for a reduced rate of United States
withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty, the
non-United
States holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld
by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.
Gain on
disposition of common stock
Any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of our common
stock by a
non-United
States holder generally will not be subject to United States
federal income tax unless:
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the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business
conducted by the
non-United
States holder in the United States, and, if required by an
applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a United States
permanent establishment of the
non-United
States holder;
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the
non-United
States holder is an individual who is present in the United
States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of
disposition and certain other conditions are met; or
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we are or have been a United States real property holding
corporation for United States federal income tax purposes.
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A
non-corporate
non-United
States holder described in the first bullet point immediately
above will be subject to tax on the net gain derived from the
sale under regular graduated United States federal income tax
rates. If a
non-United
States holder that is a foreign corporation falls under the
first bullet point immediately above, it generally will be
subject to tax on its net gain in the same manner as if it were
a United States person as defined under the Code and, in
addition, may be subject to the branch profits tax equal to 30%
of its effectively connected earnings and profits or at such
lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax
treaty.
An individual described in the second bullet point will be
subject to tax on such gain (net of certain U.S. source
losses) at a rate of 30%, unless otherwise specified by an
applicable treaty.
As to the third bullet point, we believe that we are currently a
United States real property holding corporation for
United States federal income tax purposes. So long as our common
stock is regularly traded on an established securities
market, only a
non-United
States holder who holds or held (at any time during the shorter
of the five year period preceding the date of disposition or the
holders holding period) more than 5% of our common stock
will be subject to United States federal income tax on the
disposition of our common stock. If our common stock were not
considered to be regularly traded on an established
securities market, all
non-United
States holders would be subject to United States federal income
tax on a disposition of our common stock.
115
Non-United
States holders should consult their own tax advisors with
respect to the application of the foregoing rules to their
ownership and disposition of our common stock.
Federal estate
taxes
If an individual
non-United
States holder (which for United States federal estate tax
purposes is neither a citizen nor a domiciliary of the United
States) is treated as the owner, or has made certain lifetime
transfers, of an interest in our common stock, then the value
thereof will be included in his or her gross estate for United
States federal estate tax purposes, and such individuals
estate and may be subject to United States federal estate tax,
unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.
Information
reporting and backup withholding
We must report annually to the IRS and to each
non-United
States holder the amount of dividends paid to such holder and
the tax withheld with respect to such dividends, regardless of
whether withholding was required. Copies of the information
returns reporting such dividends and withholding may also be
made available to the tax authorities in the country in which
the
non-United
States holder resides under the provisions of an applicable
income tax treaty or other agreement.
Payments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock
made to a
non-United
States holder may be subject to additional information reporting
and backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply if the
non-United
States holder establishes an exemption, for example, by properly
certifying its
non-United
States status on an IRS
Form W-8BEN
(or successor form).
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts
withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a
refund or a credit against a
non-United
States holders United States federal income tax liability
provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
116
Underwriting
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. is acting as sole book-runner and
joint lead manager, and A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. is
acting as joint lead manager for this offering.
We, the selling stockholder and the underwriters named below
have entered into an underwriting agreement covering the common
stock to be sold in this offering. Each underwriter has
severally agreed to purchase, and we and the selling stockholder
have agreed to sell to each underwriter, the number of shares of
common stock set forth opposite their names in the following
table.
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Name
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Number
of shares
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J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
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A.G. Edwards & Sons,
Inc.
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Total
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The underwriting agreement provides that if the underwriters
take any of the shares presented in the table above, then they
must take all of the shares. No underwriter is obligated to take
any shares allocated to a defaulting underwriter except under
limited circumstances. The underwriting agreement provides that
the obligations of the underwriters are subject to certain
conditions precedent, including the absence of any material
adverse change in our business and the receipt of certain
certificates, opinions and letters from us, our counsel and our
independent auditors.
The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock,
subject to the prior sale of shares, and when, as and if such
shares are delivered to and accepted by them. The underwriters
will initially offer to sell shares to the public at the initial
public offering price shown on the front cover page of this
prospectus. The underwriters may sell shares to securities
dealers at a discount of up to $
per share from the initial public offering price. Any such
securities dealers may resell shares to certain other brokers or
dealers at a discount of up to $
per share from the initial public offering price. After the
initial public offering, the underwriters may vary the public
offering price and other selling terms.
If the underwriters sell more shares than the total number shown
in the table above, the underwriters have the option to buy up
to an
additional shares
of common stock from us and the selling stockholder to cover
such sales. They may exercise this option during the
30-day
period from the date of this prospectus. If any shares are
purchased under this option, the underwriters will purchase
shares in approximately the same proportion as shown in the
table above. If any additional shares of common stock are
purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on
the same terms as those on which the shares are being offered.
At our request, the underwriters have reserved up
to shares
of common stock offered hereby for sale to our employees and
other persons associated with us or our officers or directors,
which we refer to as our directed share program. The number of
shares of common stock available for sale to the general public
in the initial public offering will be reduced to the extent
these persons purchase any reserved shares pursuant to the
directed share program. Any shares not so purchased will be
offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same
basis as the other shares offered in this prospectus.
117
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting
discounts that we and the selling stockholder will pay to the
underwriters. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise
and full exercise of the underwriters option to purchase
additional shares.
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Paid by
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Paid by
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Approach
Resources Inc.
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selling
stockholder
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Without
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With full
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Without
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With full
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over-allotment
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over-allotment
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over-allotment
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over-allotment
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exercise
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exercise
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exercise
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exercise
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Per share
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$
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$
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$
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$
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Total
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$
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$
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$
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$
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The underwriters have advised us that they may make short sales
of our common stock in connection with this offering, resulting
in the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares
than they are required to purchase pursuant to the underwriting
agreement. The short position resulting from those short sales
will be deemed a covered short position to the
extent that it does not exceed the shares subject to the
underwriters over-allotment option and will be deemed a
naked short position to the extent that it exceeds
that number. A naked short position is more likely to be created
if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward
pressure on the trading price of the common stock in the open
market that could adversely affect investors who purchase shares
in this offering. The underwriters may reduce or close out their
covered short position either by exercising the over-allotment
option or by purchasing shares in the open market. In
determining which of these alternatives to pursue, the
underwriters will consider the price at which shares are
available for purchase in the open market as compared to the
price at which they may purchase shares through the
over-allotment option. Any naked short position will
be closed out by purchasing shares in the open market. Similar
to the other stabilizing transactions described below, open
market purchases made by the underwriters to cover all or a
portion of their short position may have the effect of
preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our
common stock following this offering. As a result, our common
stock may trade at a price that is higher than the price that
otherwise might prevail in the open market.
The underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to
Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
they may engage in transactions, including stabilizing bids or
the imposition of penalty bids, that may have the effect of
stabilizing or maintaining the market price of the shares of
common stock at a level above that which might otherwise prevail
in the open market. A stabilizing bid is a bid for
or the purchase of shares of common stock on behalf of the
underwriters for the purpose of fixing or maintaining the price
of the common stock. A penalty bid is an arrangement
permitting the underwriters to claim the selling concession
otherwise accruing to an underwriter or syndicate member in
connection with the offering if the common stock originally sold
by that underwriter or syndicate member is purchased by the
underwriters in the open market pursuant to a stabilizing bid or
to cover all or part of a syndicate short position. The
underwriters have advised us that stabilizing bids and open
market purchases may be effected on the NASDAQ Global Market, in
the over-the-counter market or otherwise and, if commenced, may
be discontinued at any time.
One or more of the underwriters may facilitate the marketing of
this offering online directly or through one of its affiliates.
In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms
and a
118
prospectus online and, depending upon the particular
underwriter, place orders online or through their financial
advisor.
We estimate that our total expenses for this offering, excluding
underwriting discounts, will be approximately
$ .
We and the selling stockholder have agreed to indemnify the
underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act.
We, our executive officers and directors, the selling
stockholder and certain significant holders of our outstanding
common stock have agreed that, during the period beginning from
the date of this prospectus and continuing to and including the
date 180 days after the date of this prospectus, neither we
nor any of them will, directly or indirectly, offer, sell, offer
to sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of
our common stock without the prior written consent of
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., except in limited
circumstances.
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales
to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of
shares of our common stock offered by them and that no sales to
discretionary accounts may be made without prior written
approval of the customer.
We have applied to list our common stock on the NASDAQ Global
Market under the symbol AREX. The underwriters
intend to sell shares of our common stock so as to meet the
distribution requirements of this listing.
There has been no public market for the common stock prior to
this offering. We, the selling stockholder and the underwriters
will negotiate the initial public offering price. In determining
the initial public offering price, we, the selling stockholder
and the underwriters expect to consider a number of factors in
addition to prevailing market conditions, including:
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the information set forth in this prospectus and otherwise
available to the underwriters;
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the history of and prospects for our industry;
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an assessment of our management;
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our present operations;
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our historical results of operations;
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the trend of our revenues and earnings;
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our earnings prospects;
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the general condition of the securities markets at the time of
this offering;
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the recent market prices of, and demand for, publicly traded
common stock of generally comparable companies; and
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other factors deemed relevant by us, the selling stockholder and
the underwriters.
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We, the selling stockholder and the underwriters will consider
these and other relevant factors in relation to the price of
similar securities of generally comparable companies. Neither
the Company, the selling stockholder nor the underwriters can
assure investors that an active trading market will develop for
the common stock, or that the common stock will trade in the
public market at or above the initial public offering price.
119
Affiliates of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. will receive in
excess of 10% of the net proceeds from this offering. According
to Rule 2720 of the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc.s, also referred to as the NASD, Conduct
Rules, the offering must comply with the requirements of
Rule 2720 of the NASD Conduct Rules. That rule requires
that the initial public offering price can be no higher than
that recommended by a qualified independent
underwriter, as defined by the NASD. In view of
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.s relationship with us,
the offering is being conducted in accordance with the rules of
the NASD, and A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. will serve in
the capacity of qualified independent underwriter
and will perform due diligence investigations and review and
participate in the preparation of the registration statement of
which this prospectus forms a part. We have agreed to reimburse
A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. for its expenses, if any,
incurred as a result of its engagement as qualified independent
underwriter. The underwriters may not confirm sales to any
discretionary account without the prior specific written
approval of the customer.
From time to time in the ordinary course of their respective
businesses, certain of the underwriters and their affiliates
perform various financial advisory, investment banking and
commercial banking services from time to time for us and our
affiliates. For example, certain affiliates of the underwriters
to this offering are lenders under our revolving credit
facility. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., an affiliate of
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., is a lender under our
revolving credit facility. See Use of proceeds.
Legal
matters
The validity of our shares of common stock offered by this
prospectus will be passed upon for us by Thompson &
Knight LLP, Dallas, Texas. Legal matters in connection with this
offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Cahill
Gordon & Reindel
LLP, New York, New York.
Experts
The combined financial statements of Approach Resources Inc. and
affiliated entities as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, and
for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2006 included in this prospectus have been
audited by Hein & Associates LLP, independent
registered public accountants, as stated in their report
appearing in this registration statement, and have been so
included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon
their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
The Historical Summaries of Revenues and Direct Operating
Expenses of Properties to be Acquired by Approach Resources Inc.
as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, and for the years then
ended included in this prospectus have been audited by
Hein & Associates LLP, independent registered public
accountants, as stated in their report appearing in this
registration statement, and have been so included in reliance
upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as
experts in accounting and auditing
The information included in this prospectus regarding estimated
quantities of proved reserves, the future net revenues from
those reserves and their present value is based, in part, on our
estimates of the proved reserves, present values of proved
reserves as of December 31, 2006 prepared by
DeGolyer & MacNaughton, an independent engineering
firm, and present values of proved reserves as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004 prepared by Cawley,
Gillespie & Associates,
120
Inc, an independent engineering firm. These estimates are
included in this prospectus in reliance upon the authority of
DeGolyer & MacNaughton and Cawley, Gillespie and
Associates, Inc. as experts in these matters.
Where you can
find more information
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on
Form S-1,
including exhibits, under the Securities Act with respect to the
common stock to be sold in this offering. This prospectus, which
constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not
contain all of the information set forth in the registration
statement or the exhibits that are part of the registration
statement. For further information about us and our common
stock, you should refer to the registration statement. Any
statements made in this prospectus as to the contents of any
contract, agreement or other document are not necessarily
complete. With respect to each such contract, agreement or other
document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, you
should refer to the exhibit for a more complete description of
the matter involved, and each statement in this prospectus shall
be deemed qualified in its entirety by this reference.
You may read, without charge, and copy, at prescribed rates, all
or any portion of the registration statement or any reports,
statements or other information in the files at the public
reference facilities of the SECs principal office at
Room 1580, 100 F Street, N.E.,
Washington, D.C., 20549. You can request copies of these
documents upon payment of a duplicating fee by writing to the
SEC. You may call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
for further information on the operation of its public reference
rooms. Our filings, including the registration statement, will
also be available to you on the Internet web site maintained by
the SEC at
http://www.sec.gov.
After the completion of this offering, we will file with or
furnish to the SEC periodic reports and other information. These
reports and other information may be inspected and copied at the
public reference facilities maintained by the SEC or obtained
from the SECs website as provided above. After the
completion of this offering, we expect our website on the
Internet to be located at
http://www.approachresources.com,
and we expect to make our periodic reports and other information
filed with or furnished to the SEC available, free of charge,
through our website, as soon as reasonably practical after those
reports and other information are electronically filed with or
furnished to the SEC. Information on our website or any other
website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus
and does not constitute a part of this prospectus. You may also
request a copy of these filings at no cost, by writing or
telephoning us at: Approach Resources Inc., 6300 Ridglea Place,
Suite 1100, Fort Worth, Texas 76116,
(817) 989-9000.
121
Glossary of
selected oil and gas terms
The following is a description of the meanings of some of the
oil and gas industry terms used in this prospectus.
3-D
seismic. (Three Dimensional Seismic Data) Geophysical
data that depicts the subsurface strata in three dimensions.
3-D seismic
data typically provides a more detailed and accurate
interpretation of the subsurface strata than two dimensional
seismic data.
Basin. A large natural depression on the
earths surface in which sediments generally brought by
water accumulate.
Bbl. One stock tank barrel, of 42 U.S. gallons
liquid volume, used herein in reference to oil, condensate or
natural gas liquids.
Bcfe. Billion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent,
determined using the ratio of six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil,
condensate or gas liquids.
Biogenic gas. Natural gas formed at low temperatures
by anaerobic bacterial decomposition of organic matter.
Btu or British Thermal Unit. The quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one
degree Fahrenheit.
Completion. The installation of permanent equipment
for the production of oil or gas.
Conventional resources or reserves. Natural gas or
oil resources or reserves that are generally trapped by
hydrodynamic processes and commonly contain discrete, measurable
accumulations of hydrocarbons.
Developed acreage. The number of acres that are
allocated or assignable to productive wells or wells that are
capable of production.
Developmental well. A well drilled within the proved
boundaries of an oil or gas reservoir with the intention of
completing the stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Dry hole. A well found to be incapable of producing
hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from
the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.
Dry hole costs. Costs incurred in drilling a well,
assuming a well is not successful, including plugging and
abandonment costs.
Exploitation. Ordinarily considered to be a form of
development within a known reservoir.
Exploratory well. A well drilled to find and produce
oil or gas reserves not classified as proved, to find a new
reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or
gas in another reservoir or to extend a known reservoir.
Farmout. An agreement whereby the owner of a
leasehold or working interest agrees to assign an interest in
certain specific acreage to the assignees, retaining an interest
such as an overriding royalty interest, an oil and gas payment,
offset acreage or other type of interest, subject to the
drilling of one or more specific wells or other performance as a
condition of the assignment.
122
Field. An area consisting of either a single
reservoir or multiple reservoirs, all grouped on or related to
the same individual geological structural feature
and/or
stratigraphic condition.
Finding and development costs. Capital costs
incurred in the acquisition, exploration, development,
exploitation and revisions of proved oil and gas reserves
divided by proved reserve additions.
Fracing or Fracture stimulation technology. The
technique of improving a wells production or injection
rates by pumping a mixture of fluids into the formation and
rupturing the rock, creating an artificial channel. As part of
this technique, sand or other material may also be injected into
the formation to keep the channel open, so that fluids or gases
may more easily flow through the formation.
Gross acres or gross wells. The total acres or
wells, as the case may be, in which a working interest is owned.
Lease operating expenses. The expenses of lifting
oil or gas from a producing formation to the surface, and the
transportation and marketing thereof, constituting part of the
current operating expenses of a working interest, and also
including labor, superintendence, supplies, repairs, short lived
assets, maintenance, allocated overhead costs, ad valorem taxes
and other expenses incidental to production, but excluding lease
acquisition or drilling or completion expenses.
MBbls. Thousand barrels of oil or other liquid
hydrocarbons.
Mcf. Thousand cubic feet of natural gas.
Mcfe. Thousand cubic feet equivalent, determined
using the ratio of six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil, condensate
or gas liquids.
MMBbls. Million barrels of oil or other liquid
hydrocarbons.
MMBoe. Million barrels of oil equivalent, with six
thousand cubic feet of natural gas being equivalent to one
barrel of oil.
MMBtu. Million British thermal units.
MMcf. Million cubic feet of gas.
MMcfe. Million cubic feet equivalent, determined
using the ratio of six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil, condensate
or gas liquids.
Net acres or net wells. The sum of the fractional
working interests owned in gross acres or wells, as the case may
be.
NYMEX. New York Mercantile Exchange.
Productive well. A well that is found to be capable
of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that
proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production
expenses and taxes.
Prospect. A specific geographic area which, based on
supporting geological, geophysical or other data and also
preliminary economic analysis using reasonably anticipated
prices and costs, is deemed to have potential for the discovery
of commercial hydrocarbons.
123
Proved developed producing reserves. Proved
developed reserves that are expected to be recovered from
completion intervals currently open in existing wells and
capable of production to market.
Proved developed reserves. Proved reserves that can
be expected to be recovered from existing wells with existing
equipment and operating methods.
Proved reserves. The estimated quantities of oil,
gas and gas liquids that geological and engineering data
demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in
future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and
operating conditions.
Proved undeveloped reserves or PUDs. Proved
reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on
undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively
major expenditure is required for recompletion.
PV-10 or
present value of estimated future net revenues. An
estimate of the present value of the estimated future net
revenues from proved oil and gas reserves at a date indicated
after deducting estimated production and ad valorem taxes,
future capital costs and operating expenses, but before
deducting any estimates of federal income taxes. The estimated
future net revenues are discounted at an annual rate of 10%, in
accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commissions
practice, to determine their present value. The
present value is shown to indicate the effect of time on the
value of the revenue stream and should not be construed as being
the fair market value of the properties. Estimates of future net
revenues are made using oil and gas prices and operating costs
at the date indicated and held constant for the life of the
reserves.
Recompletion. The addition of production from
another interval or formation in an existing wellbore.
Reserve life index. This index is calculated by
dividing year-end reserves by our annualized December 2006
average net daily production to estimate the number of years of
remaining production.
Reservoir. A porous and permeable underground
formation containing a natural accumulation of producible oil
and/or gas
that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is
individual and separate from other reservoirs.
Spacing. The distance between wells producing from
the same reservoir. Spacing is expressed in terms of acres,
e.g.,
40-acre
spacing, and is established by regulatory agencies.
Standardized Measure. The present value of estimated
future net revenues to be generated from the production of
proved reserves, determined in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the SEC (using prices and costs in effect as of
the period end date) without giving effect to non-property
related expenses such as general and administrative expenses,
debt service and future income tax expenses or to depreciation,
depletion and amortization and discounted using an annual
discount rate of 10%. Standardized measure does not give effect
to derivative transactions.
Tcfe. Trillion cubic feet equivalent, determined
using the ratio of six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil, condensate
or gas liquids.
124
Thermogenic gas. Natural gas formed by thermal
cracking of sedimentary organic matter into hydrocarbon liquids
and gas, and thermal cracking of oil at high temperatures into
gas and pyrobitumen.
Tight gas sands. A formation with low permeability
that produces natural gas with low flow rates for long periods
of time.
Unconventional resources or reserves. Natural gas or
oil resources or reserves from (i) low-permeability sandstone
and shale formations, such as tight gas and gas shales,
respectively, and (ii) coalbed methane.
Undeveloped acreage. Lease acreage on which wells
have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit
the production of commercial quantities of oil or gas regardless
of whether or not such acreage contains proved reserves.
Wellbore. The hole drilled by the bit that is
equipped for gas and oil production on a completed well. Also
called well or borehole.
Working interest. The operating interest that gives
the owner the right to drill, produce and conduct operating
activities on the property and receive a share of production.
Workover. Operations on a producing well to restore
or increase production.
/d. Per day when used with volumetric
units or dollars.
125
Index to
financial statements of Approach Resources Inc. and affiliated
entities
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page
|
|
|
|
Approach Resources Inc. and
Affiliated Entities Combined Financial Statements:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual Financial
Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-2
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-3
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-4
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-5
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-7
|
|
|
Unaudited Financial
Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-24
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-25
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-26
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-27
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-28
|
|
|
Historical Summaries of
Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses of Properties to be
Acquired by Approach Resources Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-32
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-33
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-34
|
|
F-1
Report of
independent registered public accounting firm
To the Board of Directors
Approach Resources Inc.
Fort Worth, Texas
We have audited the accompanying combined balance sheets of
Approach Resources Inc. and affiliated entities (the
Company) as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, and
the related combined statements of operations, changes in
stockholders equity, and cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2006. These combined
financial statements are the responsibility of the
Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the combined financial statements referred to
above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Approach Resources Inc. and affiliated entities as
of December 31, 2005 and 2006, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Hein & Associates LLP
Dallas, Texas
May 7, 2007
F-2
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
CURRENT ASSETS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
3,219,463
|
|
|
$
|
4,911,241
|
|
|
Accounts receivable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joint interest owners
|
|
|
8,826,035
|
|
|
|
4,812,439
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
|
6,833,717
|
|
|
|
3,457,948
|
|
|
Unrealized gain on commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,504,996
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
|
|
|
644,740
|
|
|
|
424,081
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
19,523,955
|
|
|
|
18,110,705
|
|
|
PROPERTIES AND
EQUIPMENT:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas properties, at cost,
using the successful efforts method of accounting
|
|
|
97,810,212
|
|
|
|
155,627,580
|
|
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
232,648
|
|
|
|
255,451
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98,042,860
|
|
|
|
155,883,031
|
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization
|
|
|
(9,239,953
|
)
|
|
|
(23,771,187
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net properties and equipment
|
|
|
88,802,907
|
|
|
|
132,111,844
|
|
|
OTHER ASSETS
|
|
|
88,995
|
|
|
|
86,169
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
108,415,857
|
|
|
$
|
150,308,718
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS
EQUITY
|
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
20,529,911
|
|
|
$
|
7,513,219
|
|
|
Oil and gas payables
|
|
|
6,644,579
|
|
|
|
4,940,415
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
1,408,196
|
|
|
|
2,967,780
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
4,163,098
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
32,745,784
|
|
|
|
15,421,414
|
|
|
NON-CURRENT
LIABILITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
29,425,000
|
|
|
|
47,619,000
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
6,447,916
|
|
|
|
17,549,107
|
|
|
Asset retirement obligations
|
|
|
107,230
|
|
|
|
147,644
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
68,725,930
|
|
|
|
80,737,165
|
|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
(Notes 8 and 9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(Note 4):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
30,654
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
34,501,930
|
|
|
|
43,067,000
|
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
9,456,318
|
|
|
|
30,658,223
|
|
|
Loans to stockholders
|
|
|
(4,298,321
|
)
|
|
|
(4,184,324
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
39,689,927
|
|
|
|
69,571,553
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and
stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
108,415,857
|
|
|
$
|
150,308,718
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-3
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVENUES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
$
|
5,682,280
|
|
|
$
|
40,339,438
|
|
|
$
|
52,893,853
|
|
|
Overhead and services income
|
|
|
130,309
|
|
|
|
408,016
|
|
|
|
514,209
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
5,812,589
|
|
|
|
40,747,454
|
|
|
|
53,408,062
|
|
|
EXPENSES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expense
|
|
|
179,298
|
|
|
|
2,909,639
|
|
|
|
3,888,854
|
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
406,364
|
|
|
|
1,975,105
|
|
|
|
1,735,839
|
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
2,396,370
|
|
|
|
733,548
|
|
|
|
1,640,340
|
|
|
Impairment of non-producing
properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558,446
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,073,675
|
|
|
|
3,066,807
|
|
|
|
2,929,755
|
|
|
Accretion of discount on asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
4,974
|
|
|
|
10,299
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
1,223,340
|
|
|
|
8,006,054
|
|
|
|
14,540,570
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
6,279,629
|
|
|
|
16,696,127
|
|
|
|
25,304,103
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING INCOME
(LOSS)
|
|
|
(467,040
|
)
|
|
|
24,051,327
|
|
|
|
28,103,959
|
|
|
OTHER:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
200,870
|
|
|
|
(802,065
|
)
|
|
|
(3,813,589
|
)
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,163,098
|
)
|
|
|
8,668,094
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE PROVISION
FOR INCOME TAXES
|
|
|
(266,170
|
)
|
|
|
19,086,164
|
|
|
|
32,958,464
|
|
|
PROVISION FOR INCOME
TAXES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,027,916
|
|
|
|
11,756,559
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME (LOSS)
|
|
$
|
(266,170
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,058,248
|
|
|
$
|
21,201,905
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER
SHARE:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
4.03
|
|
|
$
|
7.04
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.14
|
)
|
|
$
|
4.03
|
|
|
$
|
6.84
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
OUTSTANDING:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
1,928,225
|
|
|
|
2,988,986
|
|
|
|
3,012,414
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
1,928,225
|
|
|
|
2,988,986
|
|
|
|
3,101,180
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-4
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained
|
|
|
stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
earnings
|
|
|
including
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock
|
|
|
paid-in
|
|
|
(accumulated
|
|
|
accrued
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
capital
|
|
|
deficit)
|
|
|
interest
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE,
January 1, 2004
|
|
|
560,000
|
|
|
$
|
5,600
|
|
|
$
|
5,646,429
|
|
|
$
|
(2,335,760
|
)
|
|
$
|
(444,302
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,871,967
|
|
|
Issuance of Approach Resources Inc.
common stock for cash
|
|
|
2,390,000
|
|
|
|
23,900
|
|
|
|
23,865,242
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,495,000
|
)
|
|
|
20,394,142
|
|
|
Issuance of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common stock for cash
|
|
|
20,000
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
1,999,800
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,000,000
|
|
|
Accrual of interest on loans to
stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(124,119
|
)
|
|
|
(124,119
|
)
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(266,170
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(266,170
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2004
|
|
|
2,970,000
|
|
|
|
29,700
|
|
|
|
31,511,471
|
|
|
|
(2,601,930
|
)
|
|
|
(4,063,421
|
)
|
|
|
24,875,820
|
|
|
Issuance of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common stock for cash
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
300
|
|
|
|
2,990,459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,990,759
|
|
|
Accrual of interest on loans to
stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(234,900
|
)
|
|
|
(234,900
|
)
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,058,248
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,058,248
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
3,000,000
|
|
|
|
30,000
|
|
|
|
34,501,930
|
|
|
|
9,456,318
|
|
|
|
(4,298,321
|
)
|
|
|
39,689,927
|
|
|
Purchase and cancellation of
Approach Resources Inc. common stock
|
|
|
(34,615
|
)
|
|
|
(346
|
)
|
|
|
(1,330,616
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
333,499
|
|
|
|
(997,463
|
)
|
|
Issuance of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common stock for cash
|
|
|
65,000
|
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
6,497,685
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,498,335
|
|
|
Issuance of Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. common stock for conversion of
stockholder note
|
|
|
35,000
|
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
3,499,650
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,500,000
|
|
|
Stock option cancellation payment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(273,547
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(273,547
|
)
|
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,612
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,612
|
|
|
Accrual of interest on loans to
stockholders, net of related income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
138,286
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(219,502
|
)
|
|
|
(81,216
|
)
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,201,905
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,201,905
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE,
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
3,065,385
|
|
|
$
|
30,654
|
|
|
$
|
43,067,000
|
|
|
$
|
30,658,223
|
|
|
$
|
(4,184,324
|
)
|
|
$
|
69,571,553
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-5
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(266,170
|
)
|
|
$
|
12,058,248
|
|
|
$
|
21,201,905
|
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income
(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
1,223,340
|
|
|
|
8,006,054
|
|
|
|
14,540,570
|
|
|
Amortization of loan origination
fees
|
|
|
833
|
|
|
|
47,123
|
|
|
|
72,335
|
|
|
Accretion of discount on asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
4,974
|
|
|
|
10,299
|
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,163,098
|
|
|
|
(8,668,094
|
)
|
|
Impairment of non producing
leasehold costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558,446
|
|
|
Exploration expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
902,336
|
|
|
|
1,419,375
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,612
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,447,916
|
|
|
|
11,101,191
|
|
|
Interest earned on loans to
stockholders
|
|
|
(124,119
|
)
|
|
|
(234,900
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in operating assets and
liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
(5,881,208
|
)
|
|
|
(9,778,543
|
)
|
|
|
7,389,365
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
|
|
|
(166,444
|
)
|
|
|
(67,896
|
)
|
|
|
220,659
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
8,314,994
|
|
|
|
12,128,687
|
|
|
|
(13,016,692
|
)
|
|
Oil and gas payables
|
|
|
1,375,519
|
|
|
|
5,269,060
|
|
|
|
(1,704,164
|
)
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
50,160
|
|
|
|
1,358,036
|
|
|
|
951,067
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by operating
activities
|
|
|
4,527,487
|
|
|
|
40,304,193
|
|
|
|
34,109,874
|
|
|
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advances under note receivable
|
|
|
(1,587,820
|
)
|
|
|
(4,151,773
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments received under note
receivable
|
|
|
41,760
|
|
|
|
5,697,833
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to oil and gas properties
|
|
|
(25,165,644
|
)
|
|
|
(73,445,231
|
)
|
|
|
(59,156,557
|
)
|
|
Additions to other property and
equipment, net
|
|
|
(147,516
|
)
|
|
|
(39,950
|
)
|
|
|
(32,139
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(26,859,220
|
)
|
|
|
(71,939,121
|
)
|
|
|
(59,188,696
|
)
|
|
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of common
stock
|
|
|
22,394,142
|
|
|
|
2,990,759
|
|
|
|
6,498,335
|
|
|
Borrowings under credit facility,
net
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
|
29,325,000
|
|
|
|
18,194,000
|
|
|
Purchase of common stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(997,463
|
)
|
|
Borrowing from stockholder
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,500,000
|
|
|
Stock option cancellation payment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(273,547
|
)
|
|
Income taxes on interest income
from loans to stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(81,216
|
)
|
|
Loan origination fees
|
|
|
(20,000
|
)
|
|
|
(116,951
|
)
|
|
|
(69,509
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by financing
activities
|
|
|
22,474,142
|
|
|
|
32,198,808
|
|
|
|
26,770,600
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
142,409
|
|
|
|
563,880
|
|
|
|
1,691,778
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS, beginning
of year
|
|
|
2,513,174
|
|
|
|
2,655,583
|
|
|
|
3,219,463
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS, end of year
|
|
$
|
2,655,583
|
|
|
$
|
3,219,463
|
|
|
$
|
4,911,241
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH
FLOW INFORMATION:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
1,935
|
|
|
$
|
600,070
|
|
|
$
|
3,268,593
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for income taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,148
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF
NON-CASH TRANSACTION:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of stockholder note into
common stock
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-6
|
|
|
1.
|
Summary of
significant accounting policies
|
Organization and
nature of operations
Approach Resources Inc. (ARI) is a Delaware
corporation formed September 13, 2002. ARI has three wholly
owned subsidiaries. In November 2004, Approach Oil &
Gas Inc. (AOG) and three wholly owned subsidiaries
were formed and acquired leasehold positions in Kentucky and New
Mexico. Collectively, ARI and AOG and their respective
subsidiaries are referred to as we, our,
Approach or the Company. We are engaged
in the acquisition, development and operation of oil and gas
properties located in Texas, Kentucky and New Mexico. Our plans
are to explore for or acquire and develop oil and gas properties
primarily in the United States.
Basis of
combination and presentation
The accompanying combined financial statements include the
accounts of ARI and its subsidiaries and AOG and its
subsidiaries. These entities are related due to their common
ownership. All significant intercompany transactions and
balances have been eliminated.
The combination of ARI and AOG is to occur simultaneously with
the closing of an initial public offering with Approach
Resources Inc. as the surviving entity.
Cash and cash
equivalents
We consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a
remaining maturity of three months or less to be cash
equivalents.
Financial
instruments
The carrying amounts of financial instruments including cash and
cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes receivable,
accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt
approximate fair value, as of December 31, 2005 and 2006.
Oil and gas
properties
We follow the successful efforts method of accounting for our
oil and gas producing activities. Costs incurred by the Company
related to the acquisition of oil and gas properties and the
cost of drilling all development wells and successful
exploratory wells are capitalized. Costs incurred to maintain
wells and related equipment and lease and well operating costs
are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses arising
from sales of properties are included in income. Unproved
properties are assessed periodically for possible impairment. No
such impairment was recorded during either year ended
December 31, 2004 or 2005. An impairment of $558,446 was
recorded in 2006 for unproved properties. The Company had
unproved properties amounting to $1,787,422 and $5,597,411 as of
December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
Capitalized amounts attributable to proved oil and gas
properties are depleted by the unit-of-production method based
on proved reserves. Depreciation and depletion expense for oil
and
F-7
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
gas producing property and related equipment was $1,193,562,
$7,951,256 and $14,476,643 for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
Capitalized costs are evaluated for impairment based on an
analysis of undiscounted future net cash flows in accordance
with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement
No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of
Long-Lived Assets. If impairment is indicated, the asset is
written down to its estimated fair value based on expected
discounted future net cash flows. No impairment was recorded
during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 or 2006.
Revenue and
accounts receivable
We recognize revenue for our production when the quantities are
delivered to or collected by the respective purchaser. Prices
for such production are defined in sales contracts and are
readily determinable based on certain publicly available
indices. All transportation costs are accounted for as a
reduction of oil and natural gas sales revenue.
Accounts receivable, joint interest owners, consist of
uncollateralized joint interest owner obligations due within
30 days of the invoice date. Accounts receivable, oil and
gas sales, consist of uncollateralized accrued revenues due
under normal trade terms, generally requiring payment within 30
to 60 days of production. No interest is charged on
past-due balances. Payments made on all accounts receivable are
applied to the earliest unpaid items. We review receivables
periodically and reduce the carrying amount by a valuation
allowance that reflects our best estimate of the amount that may
not be collectible. No such allowance was considered necessary
at December 31, 2005 or 2006.
Concentrations of
credit risk
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, we
sold substantially all of our oil and gas produced to four
purchasers. We do not believe that the loss of any one of these
purchasers would have a material adverse effect on our results
of operations or cash flows because we believe we could readily
locate other purchasers.
Other
property
Furniture, fixtures and equipment are carried at cost.
Depreciation of furniture, fixtures and equipment is provided
using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives
ranging from three to ten years. Gain or loss on retirement or
sale or other disposition of assets is included in income in the
period of disposition. Depreciation expense for other property
and equipment was $29,778, $54,798 and $63,927 for the years
ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
Note
receivable
In conjunction with a farmout agreement, a full recourse
revolving promissory note was entered into for the benefit of a
working interest owner to fund its costs incurred drilling wells
under the farmout agreement. Effective December 31, 2005,
we purchased the working interest for $10,500,000 by the
retirement of the note receivable and accrued interest of
approximately
F-8
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
$3,500,000 and the payment of approximately $7,000,000 in
January 2006. The note provided for interest at 6 percent
and was collateralized by the working interest in the wells
drilled under the farmout agreement.
Income
taxes
We follow the provisions of Financial Account Standard
No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes
(FAS 109). Under the asset and liability
method of FAS 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the estimated future tax consequences
attributable to the differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their
respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
measured using the tax rate in effect for the year in which
those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or
settled. Under FAS 109, the effect of a change in tax rates
on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income
in the year of the enacted tax rate change.
Derivative
activity
All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at
fair value. Changes in the derivatives fair value are
currently recognized in the statement of operations unless
specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For qualifying cash
flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is deferred in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the extent the
hedge is effective. The ineffective portion of the hedge is
recognized immediately in the statement of operations. Gains and
losses on hedging instruments included in cumulative other
comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to oil and natural
gas sales revenue in the period that the related production is
delivered. Derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge
accounting treatment are recorded as derivative assets and
liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet, and the
associated unrealized gains and losses are recorded as current
income or expense in the statement of operations.
Historically, we have not designated our derivative instruments
as cash-flow hedges. We record our open derivative instruments
at fair value on our combined balance sheets as either
unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivatives. We record
changes in such fair value in earnings on our combined
statements of operations under the caption entitled change
in fair value of commodity derivatives.
Although we have not designated our derivative instruments as
cash-flow hedges, we use those instruments to reduce our
exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices related to our
natural gas and oil production. Accordingly, we record realized
gains and losses under those instruments in natural gas and oil
sales revenues on our combined statements of operations. For the
years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, we recognized an
unrealized loss of $4,163,098 and an unrealized gain of
$8,668,094 from changes in the fair values of commodity
derivatives, respectively. See Note 7 for further
discussion of our derivative activity.
F-9
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
Comprehensive
income (loss)
We had no elements of comprehensive income other than net income
(loss) during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 or
2006.
Use of estimates
and certain significant estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts
reported in these financial statements and accompanying notes.
Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant
assumptions are required in the valuation of proved oil and gas
reserves, which as described above may affect the amount at
which oil and gas properties are recorded. The estimate of asset
retirement obligations also utilizes significant assumptions. It
is at least reasonably possible these estimates could be revised
in the near term and these revisions could be material.
Stock-based
compensation
Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for stock option
awards granted under our 2003 Stock Option Plan in accordance
with the recognition and measurement provisions of Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock
Issued to Employees (APB 25) and related
Interpretations, as permitted by Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS No. 123).
Share-based employee compensation expense was not recognized in
the Companys combined statements of operations prior to
January 1, 2006, as all stock option awards granted had an
exercise price equal to or greater than the estimated fair
market value of the common stock on the date of the grant. As
permitted by SFAS No. 123, we reported pro-forma
disclosures presenting results and earnings (loss) per share as
if we had used the fair value recognition provisions of
SFAS No. 123 in the Notes to Combined Financial
Statements. Share-based compensation related to non-employees
and modifications of options granted were accounted for based on
the fair value of the related stock or options in accordance
with SFAS No. 123 and its interpretations.
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123
(revised 2004), Share-Based Payment
(SFAS No. 123(R)), which requires the
measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all
share-based payment awards to employees and directors based on
estimated fair values. We adopted SFAS No. 123(R) using the
modified prospective transition method. In accordance with the
modified prospective application provisions of
SFAS No. 123(R), compensation cost for the portion of
awards that were outstanding as of January 1, 2006, for
which the requisite service was not rendered, are recognized as
the requisite service is rendered, based on the grant date fair
value estimated in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS No. 123(R). Additionally, compensation costs for
awards granted after January 1, 2006 are recognized over
the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value.
In accordance with the modified prospective transition method,
our combined financial statements for prior periods have not
been restated to reflect the impact of
SFAS No. 123(R). In connection with the adoption of
SFAS 123(R) on January 1, 2006, we recorded
compensation expense of $33,612 for options vesting during 2006.
F-10
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
Asset retirement
obligation
Our asset retirement obligations relate to future plugging and
abandonment expenses on oil and gas properties. The following
table shows the changes in the balance of the ARO during the
years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset retirement obligation,
January 1
|
|
$
|
99,312
|
|
|
$
|
107,230
|
|
|
Changes in assumptions
|
|
|
(63,375
|
)
|
|
|
(13,612
|
)
|
|
Liabilities incurred during the
year
|
|
|
66,319
|
|
|
|
43,727
|
|
|
Liabilities settled during the year
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accretion expense
|
|
|
4,974
|
|
|
|
10,299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset retirement obligation,
December 31
|
|
$
|
107,230
|
|
|
$
|
147,644
|
|
|
|
|
|
Based on the expected timing of payments, the full asset
retirement obligation is classified as non-current.
Earnings (loss)
per common share
In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per
Share, we report basic earnings (loss) per common share,
which excludes the effect of potentially dilutive securities,
and diluted earnings (loss) per common share, which includes the
effect of all potentially dilutive securities unless their
impact is anti-dilutive. Stock options were the only dilutive
securities outstanding during the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006. During the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2005, the effects of options to acquire 125,000 common
shares were excluded from diluted weighted average shares
outstanding because their effects would have been anti-dilutive.
The following is a reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted
average shares outstanding for the year ended December 31,
2006:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
outstanding, basic
|
|
|
3,012,414
|
|
Dilutive effect of stock options
|
|
|
88,766
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
outstanding, diluted
|
|
|
3,101,180
|
|
|
|
|
New accounting
pronouncements
In September 2006, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 157, Fair Value Measurements
(SFAS 157), was issued. SFAS 157
provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and
liabilities. It applies whenever other standards require or
permit assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value, but
it does not expand the use of fair value in any new
circumstances. The provisions of SFAS 157 are effective for
financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007. The effect of adopting SFAS 157 has
not been determined, but it is not expected to have a
significant effect on our reported financial position or
earnings.
F-11
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
In February 2007, SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value
Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities -Including
an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115
(SFAS 159), was issued. SFAS 159 permits
an entity to choose to measure many financial instruments and
certain other items at fair value. The fair value option
established by SFAS 159 permits all entities to choose to
measure eligible items at fair value at specified election
dates. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair
value option has been elected are to be recognized in earnings
at each subsequent reporting date. SFAS 159 is effective
for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007. The effect of adopting SFAS 159 has
not been determined, but it is not expected to have a
significant effect on reported financial position or earnings.
In July 2006, FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxesan Interpretation of FASB
Statement No. 109 (FIN 48), was
issued. FIN 48 clarifies financial statement recognition
and disclosure requirements for uncertain tax positions taken or
expected to be taken in a tax return. Financial statement
recognition of the tax position is dependent on an assessment of
a 50% or greater likelihood that the tax position will be
sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the
position. The provisions of FIN 48 must be adopted as of
the beginning of fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2006, with the cumulative effect reported as an adjustment to
retained earnings at the adoption date. The effect of adoption
of FIN 48 has not been determined, but is not expected to
have a significant effect on our reported financial position or
earnings.
In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting
Bulletin Topic 1N, Financial StatementsConsidering
the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying
Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements
(SAB 108). SAB 108 provides guidance on how
prior year misstatements should be evaluated when determining
the materiality of misstatements in current year financial
statements. SAB 108 requires materiality to be determined
by considering the effect of prior year misstatements on both
the current year balance sheet and statement of operations, with
consideration of their carryover and reversing effects.
SAB 108 also addresses how to correct material
misstatements. The provisions of SAB 108 are effective for
financial statements issued for fiscal years ending after
November 15, 2006. SAB 108 did not have any effect on
our reported financial position or earnings.
2. Loans
to stockholders and stockholder notes payable
During each of the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004,
in exchange for cash and notes receivable from employees and
entities owned by or affiliated with management, we issued
450,000 shares of common stock. In January 2007, the
remaining notes and accrued interest were repaid in exchange for
84,550 shares of common stock held by management. The notes
provided for interest at 6 percent and were payable upon
the earlier of December 31, 2008, the registration of the
underlying common stock, or upon a merger with another entity or
upon a divestiture of our assets. The notes were collateralized
by the underlying common stock purchased and are reported in the
accompanying balance sheet as loans to stockholders including
accrued interest, reducing stockholders equity. Interest
earned is reported net of related tax income as a component of
additional paid-in capital in the accompanying statement
F-12
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
of changes in stockholders equity. The following is a
summary of the balance of principal and interest outstanding
under the notes receivable at December 31:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal
|
|
$
|
3,915,000
|
|
$
|
3,613,850
|
|
Accrued interest
|
|
|
383,321
|
|
|
570,474
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
4,298,321
|
|
$
|
4,184,324
|
|
|
|
|
In 2006, AOG borrowed $3,500,000 from a stockholder to fund the
acquisition of leaseholds in Kentucky. The terms of the
borrowing provided for interest at 6 percent and was due on
demand. The borrowing was settled through the issuance of
35,000 shares of AOG common stock.
3. Line
of credit
We have a revolving loan agreement with Frost Bank (the
Agreement), which provides a borrowing base
determined by the bank based on oil and gas reserve values. As
of December 31, 2006, the borrowing base was $60,000,000.
Borrowings outstanding under the Agreement at December 31,
2005 and 2006 were $29,425,000 and $47,619,000, respectively. In
February 2007, the line of credit was raised to $100,000,000 and
the borrowing base was increased to $75,000,000. The borrowings
bear interest based on the banks prime rate or the LIBOR.
The interest rate applicable to our outstanding borrowings was
approximately 8.25 percent as of December 31, 2006.
Principal payments are not required until January 31, 2008,
the final maturity date of the Agreement, at which time any
outstanding loan balances shall be due and payable in full. In
addition, the Agreement requires payment of a quarterly fee
equal to three-eights of one percent (0.375%) of the unused
portion of the borrowing base. The borrowings are collateralized
by substantially all of our oil and gas properties. The
Agreement contains various covenants, the most restrictive of
which requires us to maintain a modified current ratio of at
least one. We were in compliance with the covenants at
December 31, 2006.
We also have outstanding unused letters of credit under the
Agreement totaling $300,000, which reduce amounts available for
borrowing under the Agreement.
F-13
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
Stockholders equity on our combined balance sheets as of
December 31, 2005 and 2006 includes the equity accounts of
ARI and AOG. Details of authorized and outstanding shares and
their related par values are as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approach
|
|
Approach
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resources
Inc.
|
|
Oil
& Gas Inc.
|
|
Combined
|
|
|
|
|
|
PREFERRED STOCK:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Par value, per share
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
Shares authorized
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
|
1,100,000
|
|
Shares issued and outstanding at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMMON STOCK:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Par value, per share
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
Shares authorized
|
|
|
4,000,000
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
5,000,000
|
|
Shares issued and outstanding at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
2,950,000
|
|
|
50,000
|
|
|
3,000,000
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
2,915,385
|
|
|
150,000
|
|
|
3,065,385
|
|
|
|
|
5. Stock
options
In January 2003, our stockholders approved the 2003 Stock Option
Plan (the Plan). Under the Plan, we may grant
options to selected employees and directors for up to
150,000 shares of common stock at a price not less than the
fair market value at the date of the grant, as determined by the
Board of Directors. The options granted under the Plan generally
have a term of ten years and vest over a three year period.
As discussed in Note 1, Significant Accounting
PoliciesShared-Based Compensation, effective
January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition
provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), using the modified
prospective transition method. Share-based compensation expense
resulting from the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R)
amounted to $33,612 for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Such amount represents the estimated fair value of options for
which the requisite service period elapsed during 2006. There
was no tax benefit recognized in relation to this change.
F-14
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and
activity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
|
|
remaining
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average
|
|
contractual
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
exercise
|
|
term
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
price
|
|
(in
years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2006
|
|
|
125,000
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canceled
|
|
|
(9,615
|
)
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31,
2006
|
|
|
115,385
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
7.63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable (fully vested) at
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
115,385
|
|
|
$
|
10.00
|
|
|
7.63
|
|
|
|
|
There have been no exercises of options through
December 31, 2006. Additionally, the Plan is a qualified
plan under the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, we do not
anticipate realizing any tax deductions related to the exercise
of stock options. Upon exercise, we expect to issue the full
amount of shares exercisable per the term of the options from
new shares. We have no plans to repurchase those shares in the
future.
Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense from
unvested stock options as of December 31, 2006 was zero
since all options are fully vested at December 31, 2006.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we paid $273,547
in cash to cancel the vested options held by an employee who
voluntarily resigned. Such amount has been recorded as a
reduction to additional paid in capital as the payment did not
exceed the estimated fair value of the options at the time of
the cancellation.
F-15
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
6. Income
taxes
Our provision for income taxes comprised the following during
the years ended December 31:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
509,402
|
|
$
|
549,864
|
|
|
State
|
|
|
|
|
|
70,598
|
|
|
105,504
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current
|
|
|
|
|
|
580,000
|
|
|
655,368
|
|
|
Deferred:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,663,074
|
|
|
11,242,568
|
|
|
State
|
|
|
|
|
|
784,842
|
|
|
(141,377
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,447,916
|
|
|
11,101,191
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for income taxes
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
7,027,916
|
|
$
|
11,756,559
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total income tax expense (benefit) differed from the amounts
computed by applying the U.S. Federal statutory tax rates
to pre-tax income for the years ended December 31, 2006,
2005 and 2004 as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statutory tax (benefit) at 34%
|
|
$
|
(90,498
|
)
|
|
$
|
6,489,796
|
|
|
$
|
11,205,149
|
|
|
State taxes (benefit), net of
federal impact
|
|
|
(7,905
|
)
|
|
|
568,635
|
|
|
|
989,337
|
|
|
Changes in enacted rates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,076,794
|
)
|
|
Other differences
|
|
|
(25,597
|
)
|
|
|
(249,515
|
)
|
|
|
(173,133
|
)
|
|
Change in valuation allowance
|
|
|
124,000
|
|
|
|
219,000
|
|
|
|
812,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
7,027,916
|
|
|
$
|
11,756,559
|
|
|
|
|
|
In May 2006, the State of Texas enacted a margin tax which will
require us to pay a tax of 1.0% on our taxable
margin, as defined in the law, based on our operating
results beginning January 1, 2007. The margin to which the
tax rate will be applied generally will be calculated as our
gross revenues for federal income tax purposes less the cost of
goods sold, as defined for Texas margin tax purposes. Cost of
goods sold includes the following expenses that are related to
our production of goods: our lease operating expenses,
production taxes, depletion and depreciation expense, and labor
costs. Most of our operations are within the State of Texas.
Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, we
are required to record the effects on deferred taxes for a
change in tax rates or tax law in the period which includes the
enactment date. Previously, our results of operations were
subject to the franchise tax in Texas at a rate of 4.5%, before
consideration of federal benefits of those state taxes.
Temporary differences between book and tax income related to our
oil and gas properties will affect our computation of the Texas
margin tax, and we have
F-16
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
reduced our deferred tax liabilities by approximately $1,076,000
as of December 31, 2006 as the result of this change.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the result of temporary
differences between the financial statement carrying values and
tax bases of assets and liabilities. Our net deferred tax assets
and liabilities are recorded as a long-term liability of
$6,447,916 and $17,549,107 at December 31, 2005 and 2006,
respectively. Significant components of net deferred tax assets
and liabilities are:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Difference in depreciation and
capitalization methodsfurniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
$
|
33,300
|
|
|
$
|
28,017
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
|
|
941,000
|
|
|
|
1,805,000
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
1,457,084
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
23,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
2,454,384
|
|
|
|
1,833,017
|
|
|
Less: valuation allowance
|
|
|
(783,000
|
)
|
|
|
(1,595,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets
|
|
|
1,671,384
|
|
|
|
238,017
|
|
|
Deferred tax liability:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Difference in depreciation,
depletion and capitalization methodsoil and gas properties
|
|
|
(8,119,300
|
)
|
|
|
(16,225,692
|
)
|
|
Unrealized gain on commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,561,432
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
(8,119,300
|
)
|
|
|
(17,787,124
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax (liability)
|
|
$
|
(6,447,916
|
)
|
|
$
|
(17,549,107
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2005 and 2006, AOG provided a valuation
allowance related to its deferred tax assets resulting primarily
from net operating loss carryforwards of $783,000 and
$1,595,000, respectively, based upon managements inability
to assess the amount to be realized until completion of the
merger with ARI.
Net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes have the
following expiration dates:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expiration
dates
|
|
Amounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024
|
|
$
|
1,523,000
|
|
2025
|
|
|
1,082,000
|
|
2026
|
|
|
2,603,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
5,208,000
|
|
|
|
|
F-17
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
7. Derivatives
In 2005, we entered into three natural gas swap agreements. The
first two swaps were for 170,000 MMBtu per month and
expired in September 2005. The other swap was for an average of
282,000 MMBtu per month through December 2006. In January
2006, we entered into a natural gas swap for approximately
257,000 MMBtu per month that expired in December 2006. In
June 2006, we entered into a natural gas swap for
100,000 MMBtu per month for the fourth quarter of 2006 and
an average of 250,000 MMBtu per month for 2007. Our oil and
gas sales revenues include realized losses of $2,924,351 and
realized gains of $6,221,927 from the swaps for the years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The estimated
unrealized gain or loss from the swaps amounted to a loss of
$4,163,098 and a gain of $4,504,996 at December 31, 2005
and 2006, respectively. Changes in unrealized gains and losses
are reflected in other income (expense) on our statements of
operations. The net unrealized gain and loss is reflected as a
current asset and liability, respectively, based on the
associated production months. The fair value of commodity
derivatives were estimated based on the present value of the
difference in exchange-quoted forward price curves and
contractual settlement prices multiplied by notional quantities.
We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by
the counterparty on our oil and gas swaps. However, we do not
anticipate nonperformance by the counterparty over the term of
the swaps.
8. Environmental
issues
We are engaged in oil and gas exploration and production and may
become subject to certain liabilities as they relate to
environmental clean up of well sites or other environmental
restoration procedures as they relate to the drilling of oil and
gas wells and the operation thereof. In connection with our
acquisition of existing or previously drilled well bores, we may
not be aware of what environmental safeguards were taken at the
time such wells were drilled or during such time the wells were
operated. Should it be determined that a liability exists with
respect to any environmental clean up or restoration, we would
be responsible for curing such a violation. No claim has been
made, nor are we aware of any liability that exists, as it
relates to any environmental clean up, restoration or the
violation of any rules or regulations relating thereto.
9. Commitments
and contingencies
We have employment agreements with our officers and selected
other employees. These agreements are automatically renewed for
successive terms of one year unless employment is terminated at
the end of the term by written notice given to the employee not
less than 60 days prior to the end of such term. Our
maximum commitment under the employment agreements, which would
apply if the employees covered by these agreements were all
terminated without cause, is approximately $1,400,000 at
December 31, 2006.
We lease our office space in Fort Worth, Texas under a
non-cancelable agreement that expires on May 31, 2009. We
also have non-cancelable operating lease commitments related to
office
F-18
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
equipment that expire in 2009 and 2011. The following is a
schedule by years of future minimum rental payments required
under our operating lease arrangements as of December 31,
2006:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
125,824
|
|
2008
|
|
|
127,481
|
|
2009
|
|
|
56,385
|
|
Remainder
|
|
|
4,632
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
314,322
|
|
|
|
|
Rent expense under our lease arrangements amounted to $132,247,
$129,657, and $136,532 for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
In April 2007, we signed a five-year lease for approximately
13,000 square feet of office space in Fort Worth,
Texas. That lease calls for minimum monthly rent payments of
approximately $20,000 from August 2007 through October 2012.
Litigation
We are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in
the normal course of business. In our opinion, the resolution of
these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect
on our financial position or results of operations.
10. Oil
and gas producing activities
Set forth below is certain information regarding the costs
incurred for oil and gas property acquisition, development and
exploration activities (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property acquisition costs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unproved properties
|
|
$
|
552
|
|
$
|
369
|
|
$
|
4,071
|
|
Proved properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,592
|
|
|
356
|
|
Exploration costs
|
|
|
2,396
|
|
|
2,249
|
|
|
1,640
|
|
Development costs
|
|
|
24,863
|
|
|
60,087
|
|
|
55,203
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total costs incurred
|
|
$
|
27,811
|
|
$
|
74,297
|
|
$
|
61,270
|
|
|
|
|
F-19
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
Set forth below is certain information regarding the results of
operations for oil and gas producing activities (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the years
ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
5,813
|
|
|
$
|
40,747
|
|
|
$
|
53,408
|
|
|
Production costs
|
|
|
(586
|
)
|
|
|
(4,885
|
)
|
|
|
(5,624
|
)
|
|
Exploration expenses
|
|
|
(2,396
|
)
|
|
|
(734
|
)
|
|
|
(1,640
|
)
|
|
Depletion
|
|
|
(1,223
|
)
|
|
|
(8,006
|
)
|
|
|
(14,541
|
)
|
|
Income tax expenses
|
|
|
(1,157
|
)
|
|
|
(10,169
|
)
|
|
|
(12,221
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Results of operations
|
|
$
|
451
|
|
|
$
|
16,953
|
|
|
$
|
19,382
|
|
|
|
|
|
11. Disclosures
about oil and gas producing activities (unaudited):
The estimates of proved reserves and related valuations for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 were based
upon the reports prepared by Cawley, Gillespie &
Associates, Inc., independent petroleum engineers (for 2004 and
2005), and by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, Inc., independent
petroleum engineers (for 2006). Each years estimate of
proved reserves and related valuations was prepared in
accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 69
(SFAS No. 69), Disclosures about Oil
and Gas Producing Activities. Estimates of proved reserves
are inherently imprecise and are continually subject to revision
based on production history, results of additional exploration
and development, price changes and other factors.
F-20
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
All of our oil and natural gas reserves are attributable to
properties within the United States. A summary of
Approachs changes in quantities of proved oil and natural
gas reserves for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005
and 2006, are as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural
gas
|
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(MMcf)
|
|
|
(MBbl)
|
|
|
|
|
BalanceJanuary 1, 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
58,555
|
|
|
|
361
|
|
|
Sales of minerals in place
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(858
|
)
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BalanceDecember 31, 2004
|
|
|
57,697
|
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
2,755
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
Sales of minerals in place
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place
|
|
|
6,400
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(4,666
|
)
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
40,219
|
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BalanceDecember 31, 2005
|
|
|
102,405
|
|
|
|
1,086
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
15,655
|
|
|
|
339
|
|
|
Sales of minerals in place
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(6,282
|
)
|
|
|
(77
|
)
|
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
(13,121
|
)
|
|
|
(226
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BalanceDecember 31, 2006
|
|
|
98,657
|
|
|
|
1,122
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed reserves:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004
|
|
|
16,986
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
47,078
|
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
51,004
|
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
|
|
|
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves and the changes
in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves were prepared in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 69. Future
cash inflows were computed by applying prices at year end to
estimated future production. Future production and development
costs are computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred
in developing and producing the proved oil and natural gas
F-21
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
reserves at year end, based on year-end costs and assuming
continuation of existing economic conditions.
Future income tax expenses are calculated by applying
appropriate year-end tax rates to future pretax net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves, less the tax
basis of properties involved.
Future income tax expenses give effect to permanent differences,
tax credits and loss carryforwards relating to the proved oil
and natural gas reserves. Future net cash flows are discounted
at a rate of 10% annually to derive the standardized measure of
discounted future net cash flows. This calculation procedure
does not necessarily result in an estimate of the fair market
value of Approachs oil and natural gas properties.
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves are as follows
(in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash flows
|
|
$
|
414,417
|
|
|
$
|
1,003,363
|
|
|
$
|
709,184
|
|
|
Future production costs
|
|
|
(81,441
|
)
|
|
|
(193,171
|
)
|
|
|
(198,023
|
)
|
|
Future development costs
|
|
|
(53,115
|
)
|
|
|
(101,152
|
)
|
|
|
(108,451
|
)
|
|
Future income tax expense
|
|
|
(94,316
|
)
|
|
|
(238,013
|
)
|
|
|
(109,784
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future net cash flows
|
|
|
185,545
|
|
|
|
471,027
|
|
|
|
292,926
|
|
|
10% annual discount for estimated
timing of cash flows
|
|
|
(125,267
|
)
|
|
|
(324,588
|
)
|
|
|
(215,049
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
60,278
|
|
|
$
|
146,439
|
|
|
$
|
77,877
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash flows as shown above were reported without
consideration for the effects of hedging transactions
outstanding at each period end. The effect of hedging
transactions on the future cash flows for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005, and 2006 was immaterial.
F-22
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to combined financial
statements(continued)
The changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net
cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves are
as follows (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
60,278
|
|
|
$
|
146,439
|
|
|
Net change in sales and transfer
prices and in production (lifting) costs related to future
production
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,167
|
|
|
|
(106,246
|
)
|
|
Changes in estimated future
development costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(87,109
|
)
|
|
|
(43,229
|
)
|
|
Sales and transfers of oil and gas
produced during the period
|
|
|
(5,503
|
)
|
|
|
(38,379
|
)
|
|
|
(40,852
|
)
|
|
Net change due to extensions,
discoveries and improved recovery
|
|
|
65,781
|
|
|
|
7,613
|
|
|
|
28,418
|
|
|
Net change due to purchase of
minerals in place
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,804
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change due to revisions in
quantity estimates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
116,125
|
|
|
|
(22,112
|
)
|
|
Previously estimated development
costs incurred during the period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,116
|
|
|
|
52,108
|
|
|
Accretion of discount
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,686
|
|
|
|
15,546
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,616
|
|
|
|
(4,498
|
)
|
|
Net changes in income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62,478
|
)
|
|
|
52,303
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
60,278
|
|
|
$
|
146,439
|
|
|
$
|
77,877
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average wellhead prices in effect at December 31, 2004,
2005 and 2006 inclusive of adjustments for quality and location
used in determining future net revenues related to the
standardized measure calculation are as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil (per Bbl)
|
|
$
|
41.33
|
|
$
|
56.50
|
|
$
|
58.05
|
|
Natural gas liquids (per Bbl)
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
$
|
30.55
|
|
Gas (per Mcf)
|
|
$
|
6.93
|
|
$
|
9.20
|
|
$
|
6.55
|
|
|
|
|
*************
F-23
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
CURRENT ASSETS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
$
|
5,374,312
|
|
|
Accounts receivable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joint interest owners
|
|
|
2,463,016
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
|
3,460,716
|
|
|
Unrealized gain on commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
|
|
|
851,984
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
12,150,028
|
|
|
PROPERTIES AND
EQUIPMENT:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas properties, at cost,
using the successful efforts method of accounting
|
|
|
164,725,412
|
|
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
256,144
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
164,981,556
|
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation,
depletion and amortization
|
|
|
(26,859,117
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net properties and equipment
|
|
|
138,122,439
|
|
|
OTHER ASSETS
|
|
|
119,313
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
150,391,780
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS
EQUITY
|
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
5,064,424
|
|
|
Oil and gas payables
|
|
|
5,407,044
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
970,819
|
|
|
Unrealized loss on commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
121,312
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
11,563,599
|
|
|
NON-CURRENT
LIABILITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
52,169,000
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
17,514,107
|
|
|
Asset retirement obligations
|
|
|
154,817
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
81,401,523
|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
|
30,021
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
38,883,309
|
|
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
30,076,927
|
|
|
Loans to stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
68,990,257
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and
stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
150,391,780
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-24
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three
months ended March 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
REVENUES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas sales
|
|
$
|
15,679,887
|
|
|
$
|
11,546,458
|
|
|
Overhead and services income
|
|
|
121,945
|
|
|
|
133,496
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
15,801,832
|
|
|
|
11,679,954
|
|
|
EXPENSES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lease operating expense
|
|
|
972,741
|
|
|
|
979,581
|
|
|
Severance and production taxes
|
|
|
380,105
|
|
|
|
375,140
|
|
|
Exploration
|
|
|
196,345
|
|
|
|
623,040
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
750,272
|
|
|
|
1,645,552
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
3,280,592
|
|
|
|
3,090,726
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
5,580,055
|
|
|
|
6,714,039
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING INCOME
(LOSS)
|
|
|
10,221,777
|
|
|
|
4,965,915
|
|
|
OTHER:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income (expense), net
|
|
|
(725,067
|
)
|
|
|
(955,903
|
)
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
6,192,708
|
|
|
|
(4,626,308
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE PROVISION
FOR INCOME TAXES
|
|
|
15,689,418
|
|
|
|
(616,296
|
)
|
|
PROVISION (BENEFIT) FOR INCOME
TAXES
|
|
|
5,280,326
|
|
|
|
(35,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME (LOSS)
|
|
$
|
10,409,092
|
|
|
$
|
(581,296
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER
SHARE:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
3.49
|
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
3.39
|
|
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
OUTSTANDING:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
2,985,000
|
|
|
|
2,987,411
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
3,069,945
|
|
|
|
2,987,411
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-25
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained
|
|
|
stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
earnings
|
|
|
including
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common
stock
|
|
|
paid-in
|
|
|
(accumulated
|
|
|
accrued
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
capital
|
|
|
deficit)
|
|
|
interest
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE,
January 1, 2007
|
|
|
3,065,385
|
|
|
$
|
30,654
|
|
|
$
|
43,067,000
|
|
|
$
|
30,658,223
|
|
|
$
|
(4,184,324
|
)
|
|
$
|
69,571,553
|
|
|
Retirement of loans to stockholders
|
|
|
(84,550
|
)
|
|
|
(846
|
)
|
|
|
(4,183,478
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,184,324
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of restricted stock
|
|
|
21,250
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
(213
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(581,296
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(581,296
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE,
March 31, 2007 (unaudited)
|
|
|
3,002,085
|
|
|
$
|
30,021
|
|
|
$
|
38,883,309
|
|
|
$
|
30,076,927
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
68,990,257
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-26
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the three
months ended March 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
10,409,092
|
|
|
$
|
(581,296
|
)
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income
(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depletion, depreciation and
amortization
|
|
|
3,280,592
|
|
|
|
3,087,930
|
|
|
Amortization of loan origination
fees
|
|
|
12,763
|
|
|
|
23,830
|
|
|
Accretion of discount on asset
retirement obligations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,796
|
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity
derivatives
|
|
|
(6,192,708
|
)
|
|
|
4,626,308
|
|
|
Exploration expense
|
|
|
196,345
|
|
|
|
623,040
|
|
|
Deferred income taxes
|
|
|
5,006,746
|
|
|
|
(35,000
|
)
|
|
Changes in operating assets and
liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable
|
|
|
1,913,515
|
|
|
|
2,346,655
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
|
|
|
(239,321
|
)
|
|
|
(427,903
|
)
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
945
|
|
|
|
(2,448,795
|
)
|
|
Oil and gas payables
|
|
|
(1,003,810
|
)
|
|
|
466,629
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(768,394
|
)
|
|
|
(1,996,961
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by operating
activities
|
|
|
12,615,765
|
|
|
|
5,687,233
|
|
|
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions to oil and gas properties
|
|
|
(24,585,618
|
)
|
|
|
(9,716,495
|
)
|
|
Additions to other property and
equipment, net
|
|
|
7,178
|
|
|
|
(693
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(24,578,440
|
)
|
|
|
(9,717,188
|
)
|
|
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowings under credit facility,
net
|
|
|
11,235,000
|
|
|
|
4,550,000
|
|
|
Purchase of common stock
|
|
|
(997,463
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock option cancellation payment
|
|
|
(273,547
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes on interest income
from loans to stockholders
|
|
|
(20,771
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan origination fees
|
|
|
(25,000
|
)
|
|
|
(56,974
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by financing
activities
|
|
|
9,918,219
|
|
|
|
4,493,026
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
(2,044,456
|
)
|
|
|
463,071
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS, beginning
of period
|
|
|
3,219,463
|
|
|
|
4,911,241
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS, end of
period
|
|
$
|
1,175,007
|
|
|
$
|
5,374,312
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH
FLOW INFORMATION:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
552,943
|
|
|
$
|
1,273,057
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for income taxes
|
|
$
|
450,000
|
|
|
$
|
1,200,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF
NON-CASH TRANSACTION:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of common shares in exchange
for retirement of loans to stockholders
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,184,324
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to these
combined financial statements.
F-27
|
|
|
1.
|
Summary of
significant accounting policies
|
Basis of
presentation and use of estimates
The interim combined financial statements of Approach Resources
Inc. are unaudited and contain all adjustments (consisting
primarily of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair
statement of the results for the interim periods presented.
Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of
results to be expected for a full year or for previously
reported periods due in part, but not limited to, the volatility
in prices for crude oil and natural gas, future commodity prices
for derivative hedging contracts, interest rates, estimates of
reserves, drilling risks, geological risks, transportation
restrictions, the timing of acquisitions, product demand, market
competition, and interruptions of production. You should read
these combined interim financial statements in conjunction with
the audited combined financial statements and notes thereto
included in this Prospectus beginning on
page F-2.
The accompanying combined financial statements have been
prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and
include the accounts of Approach Resources Inc.
(ARI) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and Approach
Oil & Gas Inc. (AOG) and its wholly-owned
subsidiaries. Collectively, ARI and AOG are referred to as
we, our, Approach or
the Company. Intercompany accounts and transactions
are eliminated. In preparing the accompanying financial
statements, management has made certain estimates and
assumptions that affect reported amounts in the financial
statements and disclosures of contingencies. Actual results may
differ from those estimates. Significant assumptions are
required in the valuation of proved oil and natural gas
reserves, which may affect the amount at which oil and natural
gas properties are recorded. It is at least reasonably possible
these estimates could be revised in the near term, and these
revisions could be material.
Earnings (loss)
per common share
In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per
Share, we report basic earnings (loss) per common share,
which excludes the effect of potentially dilutive securities,
and diluted earnings (loss) per common share, which includes the
effect of all potentially dilutive securities unless their
impact is anti-dilutive. Stock options were the only dilutive
securities outstanding during the three months ended
March 31, 2007. During the three months ended
March 31, 2007, the effects of 21,250 non-vested restricted
shares granted on March 14, 2007 and options to acquire
115,385 common shares were excluded from diluted weighted
average shares outstanding because their effects would have been
anti-dilutive. The following is a reconciliation of basic and
diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the three months
ended March 31, 2006:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
outstanding, basic
|
|
|
2,985,000
|
|
Dilutive effect of stock options
|
|
|
84,945
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
outstanding, diluted
|
|
|
3,069,945
|
|
|
|
|
F-28
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to unaudited combined financial
statements(continued)
|
|
|
2.
|
Loans to
stockholders and stockholder notes payable
|
During each of the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004,
in exchange for cash and notes receivable from employees and
entities owned by or affiliated with management, we issued
450,000 shares of common stock. The notes had an outstanding
principal balance of $3,613,850 at December 31, 2006. In
January 2007, the remaining notes and accrued interest of
$570,474 were retired in exchange for 84,550 shares of
common stock held by management. The notes provided for interest
at 6 percent and were payable upon the earlier of
December 31, 2008, the registration of the underlying
common stock, or upon a merger with another entity or upon a
divestiture of our assets. The notes were collateralized by the
underlying common stock purchased.
We have a revolving loan agreement with Frost Bank (the
Agreement), which provides a borrowing base
determined by the bank based on oil and gas reserve values. As
of December 31, 2006, the borrowing base was $60,000,000.
Borrowings outstanding under the Agreement at December 31,
2006 and March 31, 2007 were $47,619,000 and $52,169,000,
respectively. In February 2007, the line of credit was raised to
$100,000,000 and the borrowing base was increased to
$75,000,000. In June 2007, the maturity date of the Agreement
was extended to July 2010. The borrowings bear interest based on
the banks prime rate or the LIBOR. The interest rate
applicable to our outstanding borrowings was approximately 8.25%
as of December 31, 2006 and 7.02% as of March 31,
2007. Principal payments are not required until the final
maturity date of the agreement, at which time any outstanding
loan balances shall be due and payable in full. In addition, the
Agreement requires payment of a quarterly fee equal to
three-eights of one percent (0.375%) of the unused portion of
the borrowing base. The borrowings are collateralized by
substantially all of our oil and gas properties. The Agreement
contains various covenants, the most restrictive of which
requires us to maintain a modified current ratio of at least
one. We were in compliance with the covenants at
December 31, 2006 and March 31, 2007.
We also have outstanding unused letters of credit under the
Agreement totaling $400,000, which reduce amounts available for
borrowing under the Agreement.
|
|
|
4.
|
Stock based
compensation
|
Restricted stock
grants
On March 14, 2007, we granted 21,250 restricted shares to
an employee. Such shares had a grant-date fair value of $49.49
per share, and vest in three equal incrementsone third on
the earlier of the closing date of an initial public offering of
Approach common stock, or February 21, 2008 (the
Initial Vesting Date), and one-third on each of the
two following anniversaries of the Initial Vesting Date. As of
March 31, 2007, all of the restricted shares were unvested.
F-29
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to unaudited combined financial
statements(continued)
Total income tax expense (benefit) differed from the amounts
computed by applying the U.S. Federal statutory tax rates
and estimated state rates to pre-tax income for the three months
ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 due primarily to adjustments
to the valuation allowance applied to net operating loss
carryovers of AOG. AOG provided a valuation allowance related to
its deferred tax assets resulting primarily from net operating
loss carryforwards based upon managements inability to
assess the amount to be realized until completion of the merger
with ARI.
In 2005, we entered into three natural gas swap agreements. The
first two swaps were for 170,000 MMBtu per month and
expired in September 2005. The other swap was for an average of
282,000 MMBtu per month through December 2006. In January
2006, we entered into a natural gas swap for approximately
257,000 MMBtu per month that expired in December 2006. In
June 2006, we entered into a natural gas swap for
100,000 MMBtu per month for the fourth quarter of 2006 and
an average of 250,000 MMBtu per month for 2007. In May
2007, we entered into a natural gas collar for 2008 based on the
NYMEX floating price with a $7.50 floor and a $11.45 ceiling. In
addition, we entered into a WAHA basis swap for 2008 for $0.69
per mcf. Both of these hedges were for an average volume of
approximately 186,000 MMBtu per month. Our oil and gas
sales revenues include realized gains of $1,424,277 and
$2,155,140 from the swaps for the three months ended
March 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The estimated
unrealized gain or loss from the swaps amounted to a gain of
$6,192,708 and a loss of $4,626,308 at March 31, 2006 and
2007, respectively. Changes in unrealized gains and losses are
reflected in other income (expense) on our statements of
operations. The net unrealized gain and loss is reflected as a
current asset and liability, respectively, based on the
associated production months. The fair value of commodity
derivatives were estimated based on the present value of the
difference in exchange-quoted forward price curves and
contractual settlement prices multiplied by notional quantities.
We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by
the counterparty on our oil and gas swaps. However, we do not
anticipate nonperformance by the counterparty over the term of
the swaps.
|
|
|
7.
|
Commitments and
contingencies
|
Employment
agreements
We have employment agreements with our officers and selected
other employees. These agreements are automatically renewed for
successive terms of one year unless employment is terminated at
the end of the term by written notice given to the employee not
less than 60 days prior to the end of such term. Our
maximum commitment under the employment agreements, which would
apply if the employees covered by these agreements were all
terminated without cause, is approximately $1,500,000 at
March 31, 2007.
F-30
Approach
Resources Inc. and affiliated entities
Notes to unaudited combined financial
statements(continued)
Operating
leases
In April 2007, we signed a five-year lease for approximately
13,000 square feet of office space in Fort Worth,
Texas. That lease calls for minimum monthly rent payments of
approximately $20,000 from August 2007 through October 2012.
Litigation
We are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in
the normal course of business. In our opinion, the resolution of
these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect
on our financial position or results of operations.
Equity
financing
On June 25, 2007, Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P. and
Lubar Equity Fund, LLC loaned an aggregate of $20,000,000 to
Approach Oil & Gas Inc. under two convertible
promissory notes of $10,000,000 each. These notes bear interest
at a rate of 7.00% per annum and mature on June 25, 2010.
These notes are convertible at the election of the lender into
shares of equity securities of Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
upon the occurrence of certain events and automatically, and
without further action required by any person, convert into
shares of our common stock upon the consummation of this
offering. The number of shares of our common stock to be issued
upon the automatic conversion of these notes will be equal to
the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the outstanding
principal and accrued interest on each respective note by
(b) the initial public offering price per share, less any
underwriting discount per share for the shares of our common
stock that are issued in this offering. The shares of our common
stock issued to Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P. and Lubar
Equity Fund, LLC upon such automatic conversion will be entitled
to the same registration rights as those provided to certain
holders of our common stock in connection with the contribution
agreement. The total principal and interest owned under these
notes as of June 30, 2007 was $20,023,014, consisting of
$10,011,507 owed to each of Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P.
and Lubar Equity Fund, LLC. Yorktown Energy Partners VII, L.P.
is an affiliate of the Yorktown entities, and Lubar Equity Fund,
LLC is an affiliate of Sheldon B. Lubar, who serves as a member
of our board of directors.
Canadian
unconventional gas investment
In May 2007, we acquired shares of common stock of a
Canadian-based
private exploration company focused on tight gas and shale gas
opportunities in Canada. Our investment amounted to
approximately $917,000 and is a
non-controlling
interest.
*************
F-31
Report of
independent registered public accounting firm
Board of Directors
Approach Resources Inc.
Fort Worth, Texas
We have audited the accompanying Historical Summaries of
Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses of Properties to be
Acquired by Approach Resources Inc., for the years ended
December 31, 2005 and 2006 (Historical
Summaries). The Historical Summaries are the
responsibility of the management of Approach Resources Inc. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on the Historical
Summaries based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the Historical Summaries are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the Historical Summaries. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall Historical
Summaries presentation. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
The accompanying Historical Summaries were prepared for the
purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission as described in Note 1
and are not intended to be a complete presentation of the
properties revenues and expenses.
In our opinion, the Historical Summaries referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the revenues and
direct operating expenses of the properties to be acquired by
Approach Resources Inc. in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.
May 7, 2007
Dallas, Texas
F-32
Statements of
revenue and direct operating expenses of properties to be
acquired by Approach Resources Inc.
for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 and the three
months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 (unaudited)
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months
ended
|
|
|
|
Year ended
December 31,
|
|
March
31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2006
|
|
2006
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
Crude oil and natural gas sales
|
|
$
|
19,371,892
|
|
$
|
19,558,497
|
|
$
|
5,936,955
|
|
$
|
3,801,767
|
|
Direct operating expenses
|
|
|
2,484,364
|
|
|
2,584,567
|
|
|
729,895
|
|
|
587,286
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenue
|
|
$
|
16,887,528
|
|
$
|
16,973,930
|
|
$
|
5,207,060
|
|
$
|
3,214,481
|
|
|
|
|
See notes to Historical
Summaries.
F-33
Notes to
historical summaries of revenue and direct
operating expenses of properties to be acquired by Approach
Resources Inc.
for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 and the three
months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 (unaudited)
1. Basis
of preparation
The accompanying statements of revenue and direct operating
expenses relate to the operations of certain crude oil and
natural gas properties in the Ozona Northeast field located in
Texas that are to be acquired by Approach Resources Inc.
(Approach) to be completed upon the effectiveness of
Approach completing its initial public offering. The acquired
properties are referred to herein as the Neo Canyon Acquisition
Properties.
Approach is the operator of the properties prior to the
acquisition of the additional interest. The accompanying
statements of revenues and direct operating expenses were
derived from the historical accounting records of Approach and
reflect the acquired interest in the revenues and direct
operating expenses of the Neo Canyon Acquisition Properties.
Such amounts may not be representative of future operations. The
statements do not include depreciation, depletion and
amortization, general and administrative expenses, income taxes
or interest expense as these costs may not be comparable to the
expenses to be incurred by Approach on a prospective basis.
Revenue is recognized when crude oil and natural gas quantities
are delivered to or collected by the respective purchaser. Title
to the produced quantities transfers to the purchaser at the
time the purchaser collects or receives the quantities. Prices
for such production are defined in sales contracts and are
readily determinable based on certain publicly available
indices. All transportation costs are accounted for as a
reduction of crude oil and natural gas sales revenue.
As of December 31, 2005 and 2006, crude oil production was
sold to one independent purchaser and natural gas production was
sold to one affiliated purchaser.
Direct operating expenses are recorded when the related
liability is incurred. Direct operating expenses include lease
operating expenses and production taxes.
The process of preparing financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of
estimates and assumptions regarding certain types of revenues
and expenses. Such estimates primarily relate to unsettled
transactions and events as of the date of the financial
statements. Accordingly, upon settlement, actual results may
differ from estimated amounts.
Historical financial statements reflecting financial position,
results of operations and cash flows required by generally
accepted accounting principles are not presented as such
information is not meaningful to the Neo Canyon Acquisition
Properties. Accordingly, the historical summaries of revenue and
direct operating expenses are presented in lieu of the financial
statements required under
Rule 3-05
of the Securities and Exchange Commission
Regulation S-X.
F-34
Notes to
historical summaries of revenue and direct
operating expenses of properties to be acquired by Approach
Resources Inc.
for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 and the three
months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007
(unaudited)(continued)
Interim financial
information
In the opinion of Approachs management, the information
furnished herein reflects all adjustments, consisting of only
normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation
of the results of the interim periods reported herein. Operating
results for the three months ended March 31, 2007 may
not necessarily be indicative of the results for the year ending
December 31, 2007.
2. Related
party transactions
The properties were operated by Approach Resources Inc. during
the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 and the
years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006. During those
periods, Approach Resources Inc. charged the properties overhead
amounting to approximately $69,224, $100,467 $168,514 and
$338,991, respectively. Such overhead charges are included in
direct operating expenses.
3. Supplemental
information on oil and gas reserves (unaudited)
All of the operations of the Neo Canyon Acquisition Properties
are directly related to crude oil and natural gas producing
activities located in West Texas. The Neo Canyon Acquisition
Properties proved crude oil and natural gas reserves have
been estimated by independent petroleum engineers. Proved
reserves are the estimated quantities that geologic and
engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be
recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing
economic and operating conditions. Proved developed reserves are
the quantities expected to be recovered through existing wells
with existing equipment and operating methods. Due to the
inherent uncertainties and the limited nature of reservoir data,
such estimates are subject to change as additional information
becomes available. The reserves actually recovered and the
timing of production of these reserves may be substantially
different from the original estimate. Revisions result primarily
from new information obtained from development drilling and
production history; acquisitions of oil and gas properties; and
changes
F-35
Notes to
historical summaries of revenue and direct
operating expenses of properties to be acquired by Approach
Resources Inc.
for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 and the three
months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007
(unaudited)(continued)
in economic factors. The Neo Canyon Acquisition Properties
proved reserves are summarized in the table below.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural gas
|
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
|
|
(MMcf)
|
|
|
(MBbl)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves at January 1, 2005
|
|
|
24,727
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
1,181
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
19,073
|
|
|
|
330
|
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(2,082
|
)
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves at December 31, 2005
|
|
|
42,899
|
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries
|
|
|
6,421
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
Revisions to previous estimates
|
|
|
(5,526
|
)
|
|
|
(105
|
)
|
|
Production
|
|
|
(2,645
|
)
|
|
|
(32
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves at December 31, 2006
|
|
|
41,149
|
|
|
|
391
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved developed reserves
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
19,595
|
|
|
|
198
|
|
|
December 31, 2006
|
|
|
21,400
|
|
|
|
170
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized
measure
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
(standardized measure) and changes in such cash
flows are prepared using assumptions required by the Financial
Accounting Standards Board. Such assumptions include the use of
year-end prices for crude oil and natural gas and year-end costs
for estimated future development and production expenditures to
produce year-end estimated proved reserves. Discounted future
net cash flows are calculated using a 10% discount rate.
The standardized measure does not represent managements
estimate of our future cash flows or the value of proved crude
oil and natural gas reserves. Probable and possible reserves,
which may become proved in the future, are excluded from the
calculations. Furthermore, year-end prices used to determine the
standardized measure of discounted cash flows, are influenced by
seasonal demand and other factors and may not be the most
representative in estimating future revenues or reserve data.
Price and cost revisions are primarily the net result of changes
in year-end prices, based on beginning of year reserve
estimates. Quantity estimate revisions are primarily the result
of
F-36
Notes to
historical summaries of revenue and direct
operating expenses of properties to be acquired by Approach
Resources Inc.
for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 and the three
months ended March 31, 2006 and 2007
(unaudited)(continued)
higher prices resulting in extended economic lives of proved
reserves and significant amounts of proved undeveloped reserves
becoming economic, as well as increased development activities.
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
related to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves at
December 31, 2005 and 2006 is as follows (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash inflows
|
|
$
|
420,581
|
|
|
$
|
292,399
|
|
|
Future production
|
|
|
(76,357
|
)
|
|
|
(81,784
|
)
|
|
Future development costs
|
|
|
(42,895
|
)
|
|
|
(45,957
|
)
|
|
Future income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,647
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future net cash flows
|
|
|
301,329
|
|
|
|
163,011
|
|
|
10% annual discount
|
|
|
(192,251
|
)
|
|
|
(112,306
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows
|
|
$
|
109,078
|
|
|
$
|
50,705
|
|
|
|
|
|
The primary changes in the standardized measure of discounted
future net cash flows for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2005 and 2006 are as follows (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of year
|
|
$
|
43,139
|
|
|
$
|
109,078
|
|
|
Net changes in prices and
production costs
|
|
|
16,646
|
|
|
|
(56,734
|
)
|
|
Net changes due to extensions,
discoveries and improved recovery
|
|
|
3,402
|
|
|
|
10,265
|
|
|
Net changes in future development
costs
|
|
|
(33,524
|
)
|
|
|
(9,707
|
)
|
|
Sales of oil and gas produced, net
|
|
|
(16,888
|
)
|
|
|
(16,974
|
)
|
|
Revisions of previous quantity
estimates
|
|
|
57,406
|
|
|
|
(9,314
|
)
|
|
Net change in income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(726
|
)
|
|
Previously estimated development
costs incurred
|
|
|
22,764
|
|
|
|
22,332
|
|
|
Accretion of discount
|
|
|
5,453
|
|
|
|
6,136
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
10,680
|
|
|
|
(3,651
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of year
|
|
$
|
109,078
|
|
|
$
|
50,705
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-37
shares
Common stock
Prospectus
|
|
| Book running
manager |
Joint lead
manager |
,
2007
Until ,
2007 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all
dealers that effect transactions in our common stock, whether or
not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a
prospectus. This requirement is in addition to a dealers
obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter
and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.
Part II
Information not required in prospectus
|
|
|
Item 13.
|
Other expenses
of issuance and distribution
|
The following table sets forth estimates of all expenses payable
by the registrant in connection with the sale of common stock
being registered. The selling stockholder will not bear any
portion of such expenses. With the exception of SEC registration
fee, the NASD filing fee and the NASDAQ Global Market
application and entry listing fee, the amounts set forth below
are estimates.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEC registration fee
|
|
$
|
4,061
|
|
NASD filing fee
|
|
|
13,725
|
|
NASDAQ Global Market application
and entry listing fee
|
|
|
100,000
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
Printing and engraving
|
|
|
*
|
|
Advisory fee
|
|
|
*
|
|
Miscellaneous fees and expenses
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
To be completed by amendment.
|
|
|
|
Item 14.
|
Indemnification
of directors and officers
|
Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that no
director or officer will be liable to the corporation or any of
its stockholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director or officer occurring on or after the date of
incorporation; provided, however, that the foregoing provision
shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director or
officer (i) for any breach of the directors duty of
loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for
acts or omissions not in good faith or which involved
intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law,
(iii) the payment of dividends in violation of
Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware or (iv) for any transaction from which the
director derived an improper personal benefit. In addition, if
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware is amended
to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting
the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a
director of the corporation shall be eliminated or limited to
the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of
the State of Delaware, as so amended. Our restated bylaws
provide that the corporation will indemnify, and advance
expenses to, any officer or director to the fullest extent
authorized by the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware.
Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and
officers as well as other employees and individuals against
expenses, including attorneys fees, judgments, fines and
amounts paid in settlement in connection with specified actions,
suits and proceedings whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, other than a derivative action by or in the right
of the corporation, if they acted
II-1
in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believed to be in
or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and,
with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no
reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful. A
similar standard is applicable in the case of derivative
actions, except that indemnification extends only to expenses,
including attorneys fees, incurred in connection with the
defense or settlement of such action and the statute requires
court approval before there can be any indemnification where the
person seeking indemnification has been found liable to the
corporation. The statute provides that it is not exclusive of
other indemnification that may be granted by a
corporations charter, bylaws, disinterested director vote,
stockholder vote, agreement or otherwise.
Our restated certificate of incorporation also contains
indemnification rights for our directors and our officers.
Specifically, our restated certificate of incorporation provides
that we shall indemnify our officers and directors to the
fullest extent authorized by the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware. Further, we may maintain insurance on behalf
of our officers and directors against expenses, liability or
loss asserted incurred by them in their capacities as officers
and directors.
We will obtain directors and officers insurance to
cover our directors, officers and some of our employees for
certain liabilities.
We will enter into written indemnification agreements with our
directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, if an
officer or director makes a claim of indemnification to us,
either a majority of the independent directors or independent
legal counsel selected by the independent directors must review
the relevant facts and make a determination whether the officer
or director has met the standards of conduct under Delaware law
that would permit (under Delaware law) and require (under the
indemnification agreement) us to indemnify the officer or
director.
The registration rights agreement we entered into in connection
with our earlier financings provide for the indemnification by
the investors in those financings of our officers and directors
for certain liabilities.
|
|
|
Item 15.
|
Recent sales
of unregistered securities
|
In the three years preceding the filing of this registration
statement, we have issued and sold the following securities that
were not registered under the Securities Act:
1. On August 16, 2004, we issued 1,130,000 shares
of our common stock to Yorktown Energy Partners V, L.P. and
certain of our employees in consideration of $11,300,000,
$1,202,500 of which was evidenced by full recourse promissory
notes secured by pledge of the securities purchased. These
shares were issued in a transaction exempt from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act under Section 4(2) of
the Securities Act.
2. On August 30, 2004, we issued 125,000 shares
of our common stock to certain of our employees in consideration
of $1,250,000 evidenced by full recourse promissory notes
secured by pledge of the securities purchased. These shares were
issued in a transaction exempt from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act under Section 4(2) of
the Securities Act.
3. On March 14, 2007, we issued 21,250 shares of
restricted common stock to one of our executive officers. These
shares were issued in a transaction exempt from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Rule 701,
promulgated under the Securities Act.
II-2
4. On June 25, 2007, Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
issued convertible promissory notes to each of Yorktown Energy
Partners VII, L.P. and Lubar Equity Fund, LLC in the
aggregate amount of $20,000,000. The notes are convertible into
shares of equity securities of Approach Oil & Gas Inc.
at the election of the individual lender upon the occurrence of
certain events and are automatically convertible into shares of
our common stock upon the consummation of the offering described
in the prospectus contained within this registration statement.
The number of shares of our common stock to be issued upon the
automatic conversion of these notes will be equal to the
quotient obtained by dividing (a) the outstanding principal
and accrued interest on each respective note by (b) the
initial public offering price per share, less any underwriting
discount per share for the shares of our common stock that are
issued in this offering. These notes were issued in a
transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
|
|
|
Item 16.
|
Exhibits and
financial statement schedules
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
.1*
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
|
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Form of Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of Approach Resources Inc.
|
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Form of Restated Bylaws of
Approach Resources Inc.
|
|
|
4
|
.1*
|
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
|
|
|
5
|
.1*
|
|
Opinion of Thompson &
Knight LLP regarding legality of securities issued
|
|
|
10
|
.1*
|
|
Form of Indemnity Agreement
between Approach Resources Inc. and each of its directors and
officers.
|
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
Contribution Agreement by and
among Approach Resources Inc. and the equity holders identified
therein, dated June 29, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Approach Resources Inc. and J. Ross Craft dated
January 1, 2003.
|
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Approach Resources Inc. and Steven P. Smart dated
January 1, 2003.
|
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Approach Resources Inc. and Glenn W. Reed dated
January 1, 2003.
|
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock
Incentive Plan, effective as of June 28, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.7
|
|
Convertible Promissory Note issued
by Approach Oil & Gas Inc. to Yorktown Energy Partners
VII, L.P. dated June 25, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
Convertible Promissory Note issued
by Approach Oil & Gas Inc. to Lubar Equity Fund, LLC
dated June 25, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
$100,000,000 Revolving Amended and
Restated Credit Agreement by and among Approach
Resources I, LP, as borrower, The Frost National Bank, as
administrative agent and lender, and the financial institutions
party thereto, dated February 15, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.10
|
|
Amendment to Amended and Restated
Credit Agreement dated as of February 15, 2007 between
Approach Resources I, LP, The Frost National Bank, as
administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto, dated
June 14, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.11*
|
|
Form of Business Opportunities
Agreement
dated ,
2007, among Approach Resources Inc. and the other signatories
thereto.
|
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Form of Option Agreement under
2003 Stock Option Plan.
|
II-3
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
.13
|
|
Restricted Stock Award Agreement
by and between Approach Resources Inc. and J. Curtis Henderson
dated March 14, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.14*
|
|
Form of Summary of Stock Option
Grant under Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive
Plan.
|
|
|
10
|
.15*
|
|
Form of Stock Award Agreement
under Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan.
|
|
|
21
|
.1
|
|
List of Subsidiaries.
|
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of Hein &
Associates LLP.
|
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of DeGolyer &
MacNaughton.
|
|
|
23
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Cawley,
Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
|
|
|
23
|
.4*
|
|
Consent of Thompson &
Knight LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
Power of Attorney (contained on
the signature page hereto).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
To be filed by amendment.
|
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(a) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted
to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant
pursuant to the provisions described in Item 14 or
otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification
is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is
asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, the registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
(b) To provide the underwriter(s) at the closing specified
in the underwriting agreements certificates in such
denominations and registered in such names as required by the
underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
(c) For purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in
reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of
prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to
Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities
Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as
of the time it was declared effective.
(d) For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that
contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offering
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall
be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-4
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, the Registrant has duly caused this registration
statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Fort Worth, and
State of Texas, on the
12th
day of July, 2007.
APPROACH RESOURCES INC.
J. Ross Craft
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, this registration statement has been signed by the
following persons in the capacities indicated on July 12,
2007. Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and
appoints J. Ross Craft and Steven P. Smart, and each of them
individually, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents,
with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and
in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign
any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to
this registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and
other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting
unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full
power and authority to do and perform each and every act and
thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection
therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or
could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that
said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or
his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof. This document may be executed by the
signatories hereto on any number of counterparts, all of which
constitute one and the same instrument.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
|
|
/s/ J.
Ross Craft
J.
Ross Craft
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer
and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Steven
P. Smart
Steven
P. Smart
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Bryan
H. Lawrence
Bryan
H. Lawrence
|
|
Director and Chairman of the Board
of Directors
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ James
H. Brandi
James
H. Brandi
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ James
C. Crain
James
C. Crain
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Sheldon
B. Lubar
Sheldon
B. Lubar
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Christopher
J. Whyte
Christopher
J. Whyte
|
|
Director
|
II-5
Exhibit
index
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
.1*
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
|
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Form of Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of Approach Resources Inc.
|
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Form of Restated Bylaws of
Approach Resources Inc.
|
|
|
4
|
.1*
|
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
|
|
|
5
|
.1*
|
|
Opinion of Thompson &
Knight LLP regarding legality of securities issued.
|
|
|
10
|
.1*
|
|
Form of Indemnity Agreement
between Approach Resources Inc. and each of its directors and
officers.
|
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
Contribution Agreement by and
among Approach Resources Inc. and the equity holders identified
therein, dated June 29, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Approach Resources Inc. and J. Ross Craft dated
January 1, 2003.
|
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Approach Resources Inc. and Steven P. Smart dated
January 1, 2003.
|
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Employment Agreement by and
between Approach Resources Inc. and Glenn W. Reed dated
January 1, 2003.
|
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock
Incentive Plan, effective as of June 28, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.7
|
|
Convertible Promissory Note issued
by Approach Oil & Gas Inc. to Yorktown Energy Partners
VII, L.P. dated June 25, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
Convertible Promissory Note issued
by Approach Oil & Gas Inc. to Lubar Equity Fund, LLC
dated June 25, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
$100,000,000 Revolving Amended and
Restated Credit Agreement by and among Approach
Resources I, LP, as borrower, The Frost National Bank, as
administrative agent and lender, and the financial institutions
party thereto, dated February 15, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.10
|
|
Amendment to Amended and Restated
Credit Agreement dated as of February 15, 2007 between
Approach Resources I, LP, The Frost National Bank, as
administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto, dated
June 14, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.11*
|
|
Form of Business Opportunities
Agreement
dated ,
2007, among Approach Resources Inc. and the other signatories
thereto.
|
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Form of Option Agreement under
2003 Stock Option Plan.
|
|
|
10
|
.13
|
|
Restricted Stock Award Agreement
by and between Approach Resources Inc. and J. Curtis Henderson
dated March 14, 2007.
|
|
|
10
|
.14*
|
|
Form of Summary of Stock Option
Grant under Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan.
|
|
|
10
|
.15*
|
|
Form of Stock Award Agreement
under Approach Resources Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan.
|
|
|
21
|
.1
|
|
List of Subsidiaries.
|
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of Hein &
Associates LLP.
|
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of DeGolyer &
MacNaughton.
|
|
|
23
|
.3
|
|
Consent of Cawley,
Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
|
|
|
23
|
.4*
|
|
Consent of Thompson &
Knight LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
Power of Attorney (contained on
the signature page hereto).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
To be filed by amendment.
|
II-6