<SUBMISSION>
<ACCESSION-NUMBER>0000950123-08-018030
<TYPE>8-K
<PUBLIC-DOCUMENT-COUNT>3
<PERIOD>20081216
<ITEMS>8.01
<ITEMS>9.01
<FILING-DATE>20081219
<DATE-OF-FILING-DATE-CHANGE>20081219
<FILER>
<COMPANY-DATA>
<CONFORMED-NAME>BOWNE & CO INC
<CIK>0000013610
<ASSIGNED-SIC>2750
<IRS-NUMBER>132618477
<STATE-OF-INCORPORATION>DE
<FISCAL-YEAR-END>1231
</COMPANY-DATA>
<FILING-VALUES>
<FORM-TYPE>8-K
<ACT>34
<FILE-NUMBER>001-05842
<FILM-NUMBER>081261632
</FILING-VALUES>
<BUSINESS-ADDRESS>
<STREET1>55 WATER STREET
<CITY>NEW YORK
<STATE>NY
<ZIP>10041-0006
<PHONE>2129245500
</BUSINESS-ADDRESS>
<MAIL-ADDRESS>
<STREET1>55 WATER STREET
<CITY>NEW YORK
<STATE>NY
<ZIP>10041-0006
</MAIL-ADDRESS>
</FILER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>y73437e8vk.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 8-K
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>8-K</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<!-- PAGEBREAK -->
<H5 align="left" style="page-break-before:always"><A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A></H5><P>
<DIV style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">


<DIV style="width: 100%; border-bottom: 2pt solid black; font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style="width: 100%; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</DIV>




<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 14pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>UNITED STATES<BR>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</B>
</DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 12pt"><B>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</B>
</DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 18pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>FORM 8-K</B>
</DIV>


<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>CURRENT REPORT<BR>
Pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</B>
</DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): December&nbsp;16, 2008</B></DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 24pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B><FONT style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000">Bowne &#038; Co., Inc.</FONT></B>
</DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 10pt">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</DIV>


<DIV align="center">
<TABLE style="font-size: 10pt" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
<!-- Begin Table Head -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD width="30%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="30%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="30%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
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<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD align="center" valign="top">Delaware
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">1-05842
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">13-2618477</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="font-size: 1px">
    <TD align="center" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000">&nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000">&nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD align="center" valign="top">(State or other jurisdiction
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">(Commission
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">(I.R.S. Employer</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD align="center" valign="top">of incorporation)<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">File Number)
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">Identification No.)<BR>
&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Body -->
</TABLE>
</DIV>

<DIV align="center">
<TABLE style="font-size: 10pt" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
<!-- Begin Table Head -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD width="47%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="47%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Head -->
<!-- Begin Table Body -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD align="center" valign="top">55 Water Street, New York, New York &nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">10041</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="font-size: 1px">
    <TD align="center" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000">&nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD align="center" valign="top">(Address of principal executive offices)
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">(Zip Code)</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD align="center" valign="top">&nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="center" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Body -->
</TABLE>
</DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt">Registrant&#146;s telephone number, including area code: 212-924-5500</DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt">Not Applicable</DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><DIV style="margin-top: 1px"><FONT style="border-top: 1px solid #000000">Former name or former address, if changed since last report</FONT></DIV></DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the
filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><FONT face="Wingdings">&#111;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Written communications pursuant to Rule&nbsp;425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><FONT face="Wingdings">&#111;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Soliciting material pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><FONT face="Wingdings">&#111;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR
240.14d-2(b))
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><FONT face="Wingdings">&#111;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR
240.13e-4(c))
</DIV>


<DIV style="width: 100%; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; margin-top: 10pt; font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style="width: 100%; border-bottom: 2pt solid black; font-size: 1pt">&nbsp;</DIV>





<P align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><!-- Folio -->&nbsp;<!-- /Folio -->
</DIV>

<!-- PAGEBREAK -->
<P><HR noshade><P>

<DIV style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">

<!-- TOC -->
<A name="toc"><DIV align="CENTER" style="page-break-before:always"><U><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS</B></U></DIV></A>

<P><CENTER>
<TABLE border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<TR>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="3%"></TD>
	<TD width="76%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD colspan="9"><A HREF="#000">Item&nbsp;8.01 Other Events</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD colspan="8"><A HREF="#001">Item&nbsp;9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD colspan="9"><A HREF="#002">SIGNATURES</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD colspan="9"><A HREF="y73437exv99w1.htm">EX-99.1: PRESS RELEASE</A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<!-- /TOC -->
<P><HR noshade><P>
<H5 align="left" style="page-break-before:always"><A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A></H5><P>




<!-- link1 "Item&nbsp;8.01 Other Events" -->
<DIV align="left"><A NAME="000"></A></DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>Item&nbsp;8.01 Other Events.</B>
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">On December&nbsp;16, 2008, Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s Ratings Services (&#147;Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s) lowered its corporate
credit rating on Bowne &#038; Co., Inc. (&#147;the Company&#148;) to &#145;B&#146; from &#145;BB-&#146;, and also lowered its
issue-level rating on the Company&#146;s convertible subordinated debentures to &#145;CCC&#043;&#146; from &#145;B&#146;. These
ratings remain on Credit Watch, where they were placed with negative implications on November&nbsp;12,
2008.
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">A copy of the press release released by Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s is being furnished as Exhibit&nbsp;99.1 to
this Current Report on Form 8-K.
</DIV>
<!-- link2 "Item&nbsp;9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits" -->
<DIV align="left"><A NAME="001"></A></DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>Item&nbsp;9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</B>
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>Exhibits</B>
</DIV>
<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt">99.1&nbsp;&nbsp; Standard&nbsp;&#038;&nbsp;Poor&#146;s press release dated December&nbsp;16, 2008
</DIV>



<P align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><!-- Folio -->&nbsp;<!-- /Folio -->
</DIV>

<!-- PAGEBREAK -->
<P><HR noshade><P>
<H5 align="left" style="page-break-before:always"><A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A></H5><P>
<DIV style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">
<!-- link1 "SIGNATURES" -->
<DIV align="left"><A NAME="002"></A></DIV>

<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 18pt"><B>SIGNATURES</B>
</DIV>

<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
</DIV>

<DIV align="center">
<TABLE style="font-size: 10pt" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
<!-- Begin Table Head -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD width="50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="35%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="15%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Head -->
<!-- Begin Table Body -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD colspan="3" valign="top" align="left">Bowne &#038; Co., Inc.</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom"><!-- Blank Space -->
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">&nbsp;</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px"><I>December&nbsp;19, 2008</I>&nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp;
</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top"><I>By:</I>&nbsp;&nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top"><I>/s/&nbsp;John J. Walker </I>&nbsp;
<DIV style="font-size: 1pt; border-top: 1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</DIV>
<I>Name:</I>&nbsp;&nbsp; <I>John J. Walker</I>&nbsp;
</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">&nbsp;
</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top" nowrap><I>Title: Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer</I>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Body -->
</TABLE>
</DIV>


<P align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><!-- Folio -->&nbsp;<!-- /Folio -->
</DIV>

<!-- PAGEBREAK -->
<P><HR noshade><P>
<H5 align="left" style="page-break-before:always"><A HREF="#toc">Table of Contents</A></H5><P>

<DIV style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">

<P align="LEFT" style="font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit Index</B>

<DIV align="center">
<TABLE style="font-size: 10pt" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
<!-- Begin Table Head -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD width="6%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="92%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom">
    <TD nowrap align="left"><B>Exhibit</B></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD nowrap align="center">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom">
    <TD nowrap align="left" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><B>Number</B></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD nowrap align="left" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><B>Description</B></TD>
</TR>

<!-- End Table Head -->
<!-- Begin Table Body -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">99.1
</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="left" valign="top">Standard&nbsp;&#038;&nbsp;Poor&#146;s press release dated December&nbsp;16, 2008.</TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Body -->
</TABLE>
</DIV>

<P align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><!-- Folio -->&nbsp;<!-- /Folio -->
</DIV>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>y73437exv99w1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-99.1: PRESS RELEASE
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>EX-99.1</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<!-- PAGEBREAK -->

<DIV style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">

<DIV align="right" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;99.1</B>
</DIV>


<DIV align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 18pt"><IMG src="y73437y7343701.gif" alt="(STANDARD &#038; POOR&#146;S LOGO)">
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000"><B>Ratings</B>
</DIV>



<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 12pt; margin-top: 2pt; margin-left: 2%"><u><B>Back</B></u>
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 4%"><B>Bowne &#038; Co. Rating Cut To &#145;B&#146; From &#145;BB-&#146;, Still On CreditWatch Negative</B>
</DIV>
<DIV align="right">
<TABLE style="font-size: 10pt" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="96%">
<!-- Begin Table Head -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD width="55%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD width="43%">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Head -->
<!-- Begin Table Body -->
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">Primary Credit Analyst:</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Michael Listner, New York (1)&nbsp;212-438-2788;</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>michael_listner@standardandpoors.com</u></DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">Secondary Credit Analyst:</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ariel Silverberg, New York (1)&nbsp;212-438-1807;
</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="right" valign="top"><B>Publication date: 16-Dec-08, 14:36:04 EST</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR valign="bottom">
    <TD valign="top"><DIV style="margin-left:0px; text-indent:-0px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>ariel_silverberg@standardandpoors.com</u>
</DIV></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD align="right" valign="top">Reprinted from <u>RatingsDirect</u></TD>
</TR>
<!-- End Table Body -->
</TABLE>
</DIV>



<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 4%"><u>&#149; Current Ratings</u>
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 4%">NEW YORK (Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s) Dec. 16, 2008&#151;Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s Ratings Services today lowered its
corporate credit rating on Bowne &#038; Co. Inc. to &#145;B&#146; from &#145;BB-&#146;. We also lowered the issue-level
rating on Bowne&#146;s convertible subordinated debentures to &#145;CCC&#043;&#146; (two notches lower than the &#145;B&#146;
corporate credit rating), from &#145;B&#146;. These ratings remain on CreditWatch, where they were placed
with negative implications Nov. 12, 2008. The recovery rating on the subordinated debt remains at
&#145;6&#146;, indicating our expectation of negligible (0% to 10%) recovery for lenders in the event of a
payment default.
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 4%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#147;The ratings downgrade reflects the rapid deterioration in Bowne&#146;s operating performance and,
consequently, the potential for a near-term covenant violation,&#148; said Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s credit
analyst Michael Listner.
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 4%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Although our expectations for Bowne&#146;s operating performance have always factored in the
highly cyclical nature of revenue and profitability for the firm, the current operating trends
have exceeded our earlier expectations given the extent of the credit freeze and its impact on
transaction volume. We anticipate that transactional revenue will continue to be depressed into
2009, putting further pressure on Bowne&#146;s profitability and credit measures.
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 4%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The continued CreditWatch listing reflects our concern over the possibility of a near-term
violation of the total leverage covenant and an expectation for heightened leverage and limited
liquidity during the first half of 2009, as the company typically uses cash for working capital
purposes in the first half of the year and repays debt in the latter half. In resolving the
CreditWatch listing, Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s will monitor the progress and resulting terms of an
expected required amendment to the company&#146;s senior credit facility. Ratings may be lowered
further in the near term if a resolution is not put in place to address pressures on the capital
structure and covenant compliance.
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 4%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Complete ratings information is available to subscribers of
RatingsDirect, the real-time Web-based source for Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s credit ratings, research, and
risk analysis, at www.ratingsdirect.com. All ratings affected by this rating action can be found
on Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s public Web site at www.standardandpoors.com; select your preferred country or
region, then Ratings in the left navigation bar, followed by Credit Ratings Search.
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 2%">Analytic services provided by Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s Ratings Services (Ratings Services) are the result
of separate activities designed to preserve the independence and objectivity of ratings opinions.
The credit ratings and observations contained herein are solely statements of opinion and not
statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, hold, or sell any securities or make any other
investment decisions. Accordingly,
</DIV>

<P align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><!-- Folio -->&nbsp;<!-- /Folio -->
</DIV>

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<DIV style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">



<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 2%">any user of the information contained herein should not rely on any credit rating or other opinion
contained herein in making any investment decision. Ratings are based on information received by
Ratings Services. Other divisions of Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s may have information that is not available
to Ratings Services. Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s has established policies and procedures to maintain the
confidentiality of non-public information received during the ratings process.
</DIV>


<DIV align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt; margin-left: 2%">Ratings Services receives compensation for its ratings. Such compensation is normally paid either
by the issuers of such securities or third parties participating in marketing the securities. While
Standard &#038; Poor&#146;s reserves the right to disseminate the rating, it receives no payment for doing
so, except for subscriptions to its publications. Additional information about our ratings fees is
available at <U>www.standardandpoors.com/usratingsfees</U>.
</DIV>


<P align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><!-- Folio -->&nbsp;<!-- /Folio -->
</DIV>



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