v3.6.0.2

Income taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income taxes

Schedule of income tax expense (benefit) by jurisdiction

		2016			2015			2014
U.S. federal:
Current		$	55		$	27		$	6
Deferred			345			319			328
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Total U.S. federal		$	400		$	346		$	334
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
U.S. state and local:
Current		$	69		$	134		$	226
Deferred			(42	)		1			140
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Total U.S. state and local		$	27		$	135		$	366
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
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Schedule of reconciliation of tax rates

		2016			2015			2014
Federal statutory rate			34.0	%		34.0	%		34.0	%
State and local			2.2			4.1			4.6
Foreign rate differential			(0.4	)		(0.5	)		(0.7	)
Stock options			(1.5	)		(1.5	)		(0.5	)
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation			2.8			—			—
Non-controlling interests			0.6			0.5			1.9
Valuation allowance			(38.9	)		(39.0	)		(45.1	)
Uncertain tax positions			(0.2	)		(0.1	)		(0.1	)
Return to provision			—			—			0.6
Other			(0.2	)		0.3			1.4
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Income taxes			(1.6	)%		(2.2	)%		(3.9	)%
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
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Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

		2016			2015
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards		$	23,669		$	16,895
Outside basis differences for U.S. partnerships			16,121			6,190
Stock options			5,307			3,882
Deferred revenue			526			376
Deferred compensation			199			301
State taxes			49			67
Other			1,622			1,312
Valuation allowance			(36,331	)		(19,548	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net deferred tax assets			11,162			9,475
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets			(5,658	)		(6,268	)
Property and equipment			(8,712	)		(6,172	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net deferred tax liabilities			(14,370	)		(12,440	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net deferred taxes		$	(3,208	)	$	(2,965	)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

Schedule of changes in the valuation allowance

		Valuation Allowance
Balance, December 31, 2013		$	4,101
Additions charged to operations			8,369
Decrease credited to operations			—
​	​	​	​	​
Balance, December 31, 2014			12,470
Additions charged to operations			7,078
Decrease credited to operations			—
​	​	​	​	​
Balance, December 31, 2015			19,548
Additions charged to operations			16,783
Decrease credited to operations			—
​	​	​	​	​
Balance, December 31, 2016		$	36,331
​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​

Schedule of reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties

		Uncertain Tax Positions
Balance, December 31, 2014		$	392
Additions for current period tax positions			—
Effective settlement during the current period			(79	)
​	​	​	​	​
Balance, December 31, 2015 and 2016		$	313
​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

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Tabular disclosure of valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to net realizable value, including identification of the deferred tax asset more likely than not will not be fully realized and the corresponding amount of the valuation allowance.

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