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Goodwill and intangible assets - Summary of movements of goodwill and intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   $ 8,765    
Amortization charge   653 $ 590 $ 1,078
Impairment charges $ 61 (62) (225) (167)
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   9,689 8,765  
Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   20,507 20,032  
Impact of business combination   1,025    
Impact of asset acquisitions   407    
Additions   208 483  
Reclassifications     0  
Disposals and derecognitions   (9) (8)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   22,138 20,507 20,032
Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   (11,742) (10,935)  
Amortization charge   (653) (590)  
Disposals and derecognitions   8 8  
Impairment charges   (62) (225)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   (12,449) (11,742) (10,935)
Goodwill        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   8,905    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   8,970 8,905  
Goodwill | Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   8,905 8,905  
Impact of business combination   65    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   8,970 8,905 8,905
Goodwill | Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   0 0  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   0 0 0
Alcon brand name        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   2,980    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   2,980 2,980  
Alcon brand name | Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   2,980 2,980  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   2,980 2,980 2,980
Alcon brand name | Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   0 0  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   0 0 0
Acquired in-process research & development        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   557    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   739 557  
Acquired in-process research & development | Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   737 727  
Impact of business combination   175    
Impact of asset acquisitions   10    
Additions   0 20  
Reclassifications     (10)  
Disposals and derecognitions   (2)    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   920 737 727
Acquired in-process research & development | Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   (180) 0  
Disposals and derecognitions   2    
Impairment charges   (3) (180)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   (181) (180) 0
Technologies        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   131    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   91 131  
Technologies | Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   5,369 5,369  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   5,369 5,369 5,369
Technologies | Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   (5,238) (5,199)  
Amortization charge   (40) (39)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   (5,278) (5,238) (5,199)
Currently marketed products        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   1,332    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   2,380 1,332  
Currently marketed products | Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   4,803 4,440  
Impact of business combination   850    
Impact of asset acquisitions   385    
Additions   151 359  
Reclassifications     10  
Disposals and derecognitions   0 (6)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   6,189 4,803 4,440
Currently marketed products | Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   (3,471) (3,197)  
Amortization charge   (279) (235)  
Disposals and derecognitions   0 6  
Impairment charges   (59) (45)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   (3,809) (3,471) (3,197)
Marketing know-how        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   3,338    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   3,099 3,338  
Marketing know-how | Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   5,960 5,960  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   5,960 5,960 5,960
Marketing know-how | Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   (2,622) (2,384)  
Amortization charge   (239) (238)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   (2,861) (2,622) (2,384)
Other (including software)        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   427    
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   400 427  
Other (including software) | Cost        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   658 556  
Impact of asset acquisitions   12    
Additions   57 104  
Reclassifications     0  
Disposals and derecognitions   (7) (2)  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   720 658 556
Other (including software) | Accumulated depreciation        
Reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [abstract]        
Intangible assets and goodwill at beginning of period   (231) (155)  
Amortization charge   (95) (78)  
Disposals and derecognitions   6 2  
Impairment charges     0  
Intangible assets and goodwill at end of period   $ (320) $ (231) $ (155)