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<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK=BLUE  VLINK=PURPLE>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=3 ><A HREF="#07ZAA2282_1">QuickLinks</A></FONT>
<font size=3> -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this document</font>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January&nbsp;23, 2007  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><B> Registration No.&nbsp;333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B> <hr noshade width=100% align=left size=4>
<hr noshade width=100% align=left size=1>  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=5><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<BR>  </B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>Washington, D.C. 20549  </B></FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=5><B>FORM S-3<BR>  </B></FONT><FONT SIZE=3><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT<BR>  </B></FONT><FONT SIZE=3><B><I>UNDER<BR>
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  </I></B></FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=5><B>COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP,&nbsp;INC.<BR>  </B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter) </FONT></P>

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<TD WIDTH="32%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>Delaware</B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
(State or other jurisdiction of<BR>
incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="32%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>4813</B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
(Primary Standard Industrial<BR>
Classification Code Number)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="32%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>52-2337274</B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
(IRS Employer<BR>
Identification Number)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>(For Co-Registrants, please see "Table of Co-Registrants" on the following page)  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B> 1015 31<SUP>st</SUP> Street N.W.<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20007<BR>
(202)&nbsp;295-4200<BR>  </B></FONT><FONT SIZE=1>(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code of registrant's principal executive offices) </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>David Schaeffer<BR>
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer<BR>
Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
1015 31<SUP>st</SUP> Street N.W.</B></FONT><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>Washington, D.C. 20007<BR>
(202)&nbsp;295-4200<BR>  </B></FONT><FONT SIZE=1>(Name, address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code of agent for service) </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>Copies to:  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B> David M. McPherson, Esq.<BR>
Latham&nbsp;&amp; Watkins LLP<BR>
555 11<SUP>th</SUP> Street N.W.<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20004<BR>
(202)&nbsp;637-2200  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=1><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:</B></FONT><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From time to time after the effective date of this
Registration Statement. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box:&nbsp;<FONT FACE="WINGDINGS">&#111;</FONT> </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box:&nbsp;<FONT FACE="WINGDINGS">&#253;</FONT> </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and
list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&nbsp;<FONT FACE="WINGDINGS">&#111;</FONT> </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.&nbsp;<FONT FACE="WINGDINGS">&#111;</FONT> </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon
filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&nbsp;<FONT FACE="WINGDINGS">&#253;</FONT> </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional
securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule&nbsp;413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&nbsp;<FONT FACE="WINGDINGS">&#111;</FONT> </FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE  </B></FONT></P>

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<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="32%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title of Each Class of<BR>
Securities to be Registered</B></FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Amount to<BR>
be Registered</B></FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Proposed Maximum<BR>
Offering Price<BR>
Per Unit</B></FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Proposed Maximum<BR>
Offering Price</B></FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="15%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Amount of<BR>
Registration Fee</B></FONT><BR></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="32%"><FONT SIZE=1>Debt Securities</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(2)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="32%"><FONT SIZE=1>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(2)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="32%"><FONT SIZE=1>Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(2)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="32%"><FONT SIZE=1>Guarantees of Debt Securities</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(2)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="32%"><FONT SIZE=1>Warrants</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(2)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="32%"><FONT SIZE=1>Depositary Shares</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(1)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>(2)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=9><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-9pt;'><FONT SIZE=1><I><SUP>(1)</SUP></I></FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=1>Omitted pursuant to Form&nbsp;S-3 General Instruction II.E. </FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-9pt;'><FONT SIZE=1><I><SUP>(2)</SUP></I></FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=1>An indeterminate aggregate initial offering
price or number of the securities of each identified class is being registered
as may from time to time be issued at indeterminate prices. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable on exercise, conversion or exchange of other securities
or that are issued in units or represented by depositary shares. In accordance with Rules&nbsp;456(b) and 457(r), the Registrant is deferring payment of all of the registration fee. </FONT></DD></DL>

<P><FONT SIZE=1><hr
noshade width=100% align=left size=1>
<hr noshade width=100% align=left size=4> </FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=1,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=309855,FOLIO='blank',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]BA2282A.;9',USER='YLEE',CD='22-JAN-2007;13:39' -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>TABLE OF CO-REGISTRANTS  </B></FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="44%" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter<BR> </B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>State of Incorporation<BR>
Or Organization</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Primary Standard<BR>
Industry Classification<BR>
Code&nbsp;Numbers</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>I.R.S. Employer<BR>
Identification<BR>
Number</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Cogent Communications, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>52-2192026</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Cogent Communications of California, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>06-1679580</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Network Equipment Solutions, LLC</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>37-1484154</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>UFO Group, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>20-1442332</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Allied Riser Communications Corporation</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>75-2789492</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Allied Riser Operations Corporation</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>75-2789494</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Cogent Communications of D.C., Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>75-2818766</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Cogent Communications of Florida, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>75-2841259</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Cogent Communications of Maryland, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>75-2841267</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Cogent Communications of Texas, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>75-2820271</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Cogent Communications of Virginia, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Virginia</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>75-2862729</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=1>Symposium Gamma, Inc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1>Delaware</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>4813</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1>35-2219375</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=2,SEQ=2,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=646539,FOLIO='blank',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]BA2282A.;9',USER='YLEE',CD='22-JAN-2007;13:39' -->
<!-- THIS IS THE END OF A COMPOSITION COMPONENT -->

<P><FONT COLOR="#FF4040" SIZE=2><B>The information contained in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted. </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT COLOR="#FF4040" SIZE=2><B>SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 23, 2007</B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B> PROSPECTUS  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>
<IMG SRC="g444640.jpg" ALT="GRAPHIC" WIDTH="243" HEIGHT="91">
  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=4><B>Debt Securities, Common Stock,<BR>
Preferred Stock, Warrants and Depositary Shares  </B></FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may from time to time sell any combination of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants and depositary shares described in this
prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities we will provide specific terms of the securities
offered in a supplement to this prospectus. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the applicable
prospectus supplement carefully before you invest in any securities. This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our
common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "CCOI." On January&nbsp;22, 2007, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the Nasdaq National
Market was $19.72 per share. </FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the
prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. </FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>The date of this prospectus is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, 2007.  </B></FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=3,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=527931,FOLIO='blank',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]BE2282A.;7',USER='YLEE',CD='22-JAN-2007;16:19' -->
<!-- THIS IS THE END OF A COMPOSITION COMPONENT -->
<!-- TOC_END -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="bg2282_table_of_contents"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_bg2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="92%" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Page</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>About Cogent</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Forward-Looking Statements</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Ratio Of Earnings To Fixed Charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Use Of Proceeds</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Plan of Distribution</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Descriptions of Debt Securities</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Description Of Common Stock</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>12</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Description Of Preferred Stock</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Description Of Warrants</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>16</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Description of Depositary Shares</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>17</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Certain Provisions Of Delaware Law And Of The Company's Charter And Bylaws</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>18</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Legal Matters</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Experts</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="92%"><FONT SIZE=2>Where You Can Find More Information</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="bg2282_about_this_prospectus"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_bg2282_2"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This prospectus is a part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") utilizing a "shelf" registration
process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings from time to time. This prospectus provides you with
a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about
the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement
together with additional information described under the heading "Where You Can Find More Information." </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
have not authorized any dealer, salesman or other person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus and the accompanying supplement to this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or the
accompanying prospectus supplement. This prospectus and the accompanying supplement to this prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other
than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and the accompanying supplement to this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy
securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and
the accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any
date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement is delivered or securities are sold on a later date. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless
the context otherwise requires or as otherwise expressly stated, references in this prospectus to "Cogent," "we," "us" and "our" and similar terms refer to Cogent Communications
Group,&nbsp;Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. </FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=4,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=390844,FOLIO='blank',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]BG2282A.;5',USER='JENGLIS',CD='19-JAN-2007;18:22' -->
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_dc2282_1_1"> </A> </FONT></P>

<!-- TOC_END -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="dc2282_about_cogent"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_dc2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ABOUT COGENT    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We are a leading facilities-based provider of low-cost, high-speed Internet access and Internet Protocol, or IP, communications services.
Our network is specifically designed and optimized to transmit data using IP We deliver our services to small and medium-sized businesses, communications service providers and other
bandwidth-intensive organizations in North America and Europe. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our
primary on-net service is Internet access at a speed of 100 Megabits per second, much faster than typical Internet access currently offered to businesses. We offer this
on-net service exclusively through our own facilities, which run all the way to our customers' premises. Because of our integrated network architecture, we are not dependent on local
telephone companies to serve our on-net customers. Our typical customers in multi-tenant office buildings are law firms, financial services firms, advertising and marketing firms and other
professional services businesses. We also provide on-net Internet access at a speed of one Gigabit per second and greater to certain bandwidth-intensive users such as universities, other
ISPs and commercial content providers. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
were incorporated in Delaware in August&nbsp;1999. Our principal executive offices are located at 1015 31<SUP>st</SUP> Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007. Our telephone number
is (202)&nbsp;295-4200 and our website address is www.cogentco.com. Information contained in our website is not a part of this prospectus. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="dc2282_forward-looking_statements"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_dc2282_2"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus contain forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations,
estimates and projections about our industry, management's beliefs, and assumptions made by management. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates,"
and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain
risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in any forward-looking statements. The risks and
uncertainties include those noted in "Risk Factors" above and in the documents incorporated by reference. Except as required by law, we
undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>1</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=5,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=36293,FOLIO='1',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]DC2282A.;6',USER='YLEE',CD='22-JAN-2007;13:40' -->
<A NAME="page_dc2282_1_2"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="dc2282_ratio_of_earnings_to_fixed_charges"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_dc2282_3"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our ratio of earnings to fixed charges or deficiency of earnings to fixed charges for each of the five fiscal years ended December&nbsp;31, 2001, 2002, 2003,
2004 and 2005 and the nine month period ended September&nbsp;30, 2006 are set forth below. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with the financial information incorporated
by reference herein. </FONT></P>

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<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="26%" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2001</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2002</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2003</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2004</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2005</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>NINE MONTHS<BR>
ENDED<BR>
9/30/06</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="26%" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=16 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>(000's)<BR> </B></FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="26%"><FONT SIZE=2>Deficiency of earnings to fixed charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(71,022</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(91,857</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(88,772</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(66,633</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(43,122</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="26%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="26%"><FONT SIZE=2>Ratio of earnings to fixed charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>8.0</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="26%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For
purposes of computing the deficiency of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of income from continuing operations before income taxes plus fixed charges (excluding the effect
of capitalized interest). Fixed charges consist of interest incurred on indebtedness, capitalized interest and estimated interest within rental expense and the amortization of capitalized interest. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="dc2282_use_of_proceeds"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_dc2282_4"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>USE OF PROCEEDS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We will use the net proceeds from our sale of the securities for our general corporate purposes, which may include repaying indebtedness, making additions to our
working capital, funding future acquisitions or for any other purpose we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>2</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
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<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may sell the offered securities on a delayed or continuous basis through agents, underwriters or dealers, directly to one or more purchasers, through a
combination of any of these methods of sale, or in any other manner, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will identify the specific plan of distribution, including any
underwriters, dealers, agents or direct purchasers and their compensation in the applicable prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>3</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="de2282_description_of_debt_securities"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_de2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This prospectus describes certain general terms and provisions of our debt securities. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will
describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. We will also indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement whether the general terms and provisions described in this
prospectus apply to a particular series of debt securities. Unless otherwise specified in a supplement to this prospectus, the debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and will rank
equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us and a trustee, as trustee. We have summarized select portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The
form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you. Capitalized terms used in the summary
have the meaning specified in the indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When
we refer to "we," "our" and "us" in this section, we mean Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc. excluding, unless the context otherwise requires or as otherwise expressly stated,
our subsidiaries. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>General  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our Board of Directors and set forth or determined in the manner
provided in an officers' certificate or by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series
including any pricing supplement. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
can issue an unlimited amount of debt securities under the indenture that may be in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. We
will set forth in a prospectus supplement, including any pricing supplement, relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the aggregate principal amount and the following terms of the debt
securities: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
title of the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
date or dates on which we will pay the principal on the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange
index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any
regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>whether
the debt securities rank as senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities, or any combination thereof;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
form and terms of any guarantee of any debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>whether,
the ratio at which and the terms and conditions upon which, if any, the debt securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other
securities or securities of another person; </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
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<A NAME="page_de2282_1_5"> </A>
<UL>
<UL>
</UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
place or places where principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the debt securities will be payable or the method of such payment, if by wire transfer,
mail or other means;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and
provisions of these repurchase obligations;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>whether
the debt securities will be issued in bearer or fully registered form (and if in fully registered form, whether the debt securities will be issuable, in whole or in
part, as global debt securities);
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
currency of denomination of the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>if
payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt
securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to
an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange
index or financial index;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
addition to or change in the events of default described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration
provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
addition to, change in, or deletion from, the covenants described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
other terms of the debt securities, which may modify, supplement or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to that series; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
addition, the indenture does not limit our ability to issue subordinated debt securities. Any subordination provisions of a particular series of debt securities will be set forth in
the officer's certificate or supplemental indenture related to that series of debt securities and will be described in the relevant prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>5</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the
terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the federal income tax considerations and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable
prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and
interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections,
general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the
applicable prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Transfer and Exchange  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each debt security will be represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, as depositary, or a nominee
(we will refer to any debt security represented by a global debt security as a "book-entry debt security"), or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt
security represented by a certificated security as a "certificated debt security") as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as set forth under the heading "Global Debt Securities
and Book-Entry System" below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certificated Debt Securities.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at any office
we maintain for this purpose in accordance with the terms of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may require payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You
may effect the transfer of certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on certificated debt securities only by surrendering the
certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either reissuance by us or the trustee of the certificate to the new holder or the issuance by us or the trustee of a new certificate to
the new holder. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each global debt security representing
book-entry debt securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the depositary, and registered in the name of the depositary or a nominee of the depositary. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
anticipate that the depositary will follow the following procedures with respect to book-entry debt securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ownership
of beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for the related global debt security, which
we refer to as participants, or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a global debt security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry
registration and transfer system, the participants' accounts with the respective principal amounts of the book-entry debt securities represented by such global debt security beneficially
owned by such participants. The accounts to be credited will be designated by any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the book-entry debt securities.
Ownership of book-entry debt securities will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for the related
global debt security (with respect to interests of participants) and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons holding through participants). The laws of some states may
require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in
book-entry debt securities. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>6</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;So
long as the depositary for a global debt security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of that global debt security, the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be
considered the sole owner or holder of the book-entry debt securities represented by such global debt security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as described below, beneficial
owners of book-entry debt securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of a certificate in
definitive form representing securities and will not be considered the owners or holders of those securities under the indenture. Accordingly, each person beneficially owning book-entry
debt securities must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the related global debt security and, if such person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which such
person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
understand, however, that under existing industry practice, the depositary will authorize the persons on whose behalf it holds a global debt security to exercise certain rights of
holders of debt securities, and the indenture provides that we, the trustee and our respective agents will treat as the holder of a debt security the persons specified in a written statement of the
depositary with respect to that global debt security for purposes of obtaining any consents or directions required to be given by holders of the debt securities pursuant to the indenture. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
will make payments of principal of, and premium and interest on book-entry debt securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered holder
of the related global debt security. We, the trustee and any other agent of ours or agent of the trustee will not have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or
payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in a global debt security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to beneficial ownership interests. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
expect that the depositary, upon receipt of any payment of principal of, premium or interest on a global debt security, will immediately credit participants' accounts with payments in
amounts proportionate to the respective amounts of book-entry debt securities held by each participant as shown on the records of such depositary. We also expect that payments by
participants to owners of beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities held through those participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as
is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in "street name," and will be the responsibility of those participants. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
will issue certificated debt securities in exchange for each global debt security if the depositary is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a
clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act is not appointed by us within 90&nbsp;days. In addition, we may
at any time and in our sole discretion determine not to have the book-entry debt securities of any series represented by one or more global debt securities and, in that event, will issue
certificated debt securities in exchange for the global debt securities of that series. Global debt securities will also be exchangeable by the holders for certificated debt securities if an event of
default with respect to the book-entry debt securities represented by those global debt securities has occurred and is continuing. Any certificated debt securities issued in exchange for a
global debt security will be registered in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the trustee. We expect that such instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary
from participants with respect to ownership of book-entry debt securities relating to such global debt security. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
have obtained the foregoing information concerning the depositary and the depositary's book-entry system from sources we believe to be reliable, but we take no
responsibility for the accuracy of this information. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>7</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Change of Control  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt
securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) which could adversely
affect holders of debt securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Covenants  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless stated otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or
substantially all of our properties and assets to, any person, which we refer to as a successor person, unless: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>we
are the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than Cogent) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic
jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>immediately
after giving effect to the transaction, no event of default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an event of default, shall
have occurred and be continuing under the indenture; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>certain
other conditions that may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement are met. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Events of Default  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, event of default means, with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>default
in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of that default for a period of 30&nbsp;days
(unless the entire amount of the payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent prior to the expiration of the 30-day period);
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>default
in the payment of principal of or premium on any debt security of that series when due and payable at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>default
in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due in respect of any debt security of that series;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>default
in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture
solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than that series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60&nbsp;days after we receive written notice from the trustee or we and
the trustee receive written notice from the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>certain
events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
other event of default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is described in the applicable prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
event of default with respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an event of
default with respect to </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>8</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>any
other series of debt securities. The occurrence of an event of default may constitute an event of default under our bank credit agreements in existence from time to time. In addition, the
occurrence of certain events of default or an acceleration under the indenture may constitute an event of default under certain of our other indebtedness outstanding from time to time. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by a notice in writing to us (and to the trustee if given by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the
principal (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of and accrued and unpaid interest,
if any, on all debt securities of that series. In the case of an event of default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or such specified amount) of
and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder
of outstanding debt securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money
due has been obtained by the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may rescind and annul the acceleration if all events of default,
other than the non-payment of accelerated principal and interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture. We refer
you to the prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities that are discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of a portion of the principal amount of
such discount securities upon the occurrence of an event of default. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
indenture provides that the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request of any holder of outstanding debt
securities, unless the trustee receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of
the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or
power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless
stated otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, no holder of any debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with
respect to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>that
holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing event of default with respect to debt securities of that series; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and offered reasonable indemnity, to the
trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee, and the trustee has not received from the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series&nbsp;a direction
inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the proceeding within 60&nbsp;days. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, premium and any interest on that debt
security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
indenture requires us, within 120&nbsp;days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a statement as to compliance with the indenture. The indenture provides that
the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any default or event of default (except in </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>9</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>payment
on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series if it in good faith determines that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt
securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Modification and Waiver  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may modify and amend the indenture with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series
affected by the modifications or amendments. We may not make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holders of each affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>reduce
the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment or waiver;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>reduce
the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any debt security;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>reduce
the principal of or premium on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking
fund or analogous obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>reduce
the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>waive
a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any debt security (except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the
holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>make
the principal of or premium or interest on any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt security;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>make
any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of,
premium and interest on those debt securities and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and to waivers or amendments; or
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>waive
a redemption payment with respect to any debt security. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
for certain specified provisions, the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all debt
securities of that series waive our compliance with provisions of the indenture. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the
holders of all the debt securities of such series waive any past default under the indenture with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of,
premium or any interest on any debt security of that series or in respect of a covenant or provision which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt
security of the series affected; provided,
however, that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default
that resulted from the acceleration. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Legal Defeasance.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the
applicable series of debt securities, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (except for certain obligations to register the transfer or
exchange of debt securities of such series, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of such series, and to maintain paying agencies and certain provisions relating to the treatment of
funds held by paying agents). We will be so discharged upon the deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>10</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>government
obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign government obligations, that, through the payment of interest and principal
in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants to pay and discharge each installment of
principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the
indenture and those debt securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This
discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the
United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law, in either case to the
effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes
as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the
case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Defeasance of Certain Covenants.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms
of the applicable series of debt securities, upon compliance with certain conditions: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>we
may omit to comply with the covenant described under the heading "Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets" and certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as
well as any additional covenants which may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute a default or an event of default with respect to the debt securities of that series, or covenant defeasance. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
conditions include: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>depositing
with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign
government obligations, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants to pay and discharge each installment of principal of, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series
on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>delivering
to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United
States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at
the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Covenant Defeasance and Events of Default.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event we exercise our option to effect covenant
defeasance with respect to any series of debt securities and the debt securities of that series are declared due and payable because of the occurrence of any event of default, the amount of money
and/or U.S. government obligations or foreign government obligations on deposit with the trustee will be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of their stated
maturity but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of the acceleration resulting from the event of default. However, we shall remain liable for
those payments. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Guarantees  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our payment obligations under any series of debt securities may be guaranteed by one or more of the Co-Registrants. The terms of any such guarantee
will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>11</FONT></P>

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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
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<A NAME="toc_dg2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The following description of our common stock is only a summary. We encourage you to read our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which is
incorporated into the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. As of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue up to 75,000,000 shares of common stock, par value
$0.001 per share. As of December&nbsp;31, 2006, we had outstanding 48,928,108 shares of our common stock. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Liquidation Rights  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock share ratably in the assets remaining after payments to
creditors and provision for the preference of any preferred stock. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Dividends  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as otherwise provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the holders of our common stock,
subject to the rights of holders of any series of preferred stock, share ratably in all dividends as may from time to time be declared by our board of directors in respect of our common stock out of
funds legally available for the payment thereof and payable in cash, stock or otherwise, and in all other distributions (including, without limitation, our dissolution, liquidation and winding up),
whether in respect of liquidation or dissolution (voluntary or involuntary) or otherwise, after payment of liabilities and liquidation preference on any outstanding preferred stock. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Voting Rights  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as otherwise provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law or our certificate of incorporation and subject to the rights of holders of any series of
preferred stock, all the voting power of our stockholders shall be vested in the holders of our common stock and preferred stock, and each holder of our common stock and preferred stock shall have one
vote for each share held by such holder (in the case of preferred stock, on an as converted to common stock basis) on all matters voted upon by our stockholders. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our
stockholders may act by written consent in lieu of a meeting as permitted by Delaware General Corporation Law. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
affirmative vote of holders of at least a majority of the combined voting power of our outstanding shares eligible to vote in the election of directors is required to remove
directors from office. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Miscellaneous  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our common stock is not convertible into, or exchangeable for, any other class or series of our capital stock. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive or
other rights to subscribe for or purchase additional securities of ours. Shares of our common stock are not subject to calls or assessments. All of the outstanding shares of our common stock are fully
paid and nonassessable. The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Registrar and Transfer Company. Our common stock is listed and traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol&nbsp;"CCOI." </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>12</FONT></P>

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<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The following briefly summarizes the material terms of our preferred stock, other than pricing and related terms that will be disclosed in an accompanying
prospectus supplement. You should read the particular terms of any series of preferred stock offered by us, which will be described in more detail in any prospectus supplement relating to such series,
together with the more detailed provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the certificate of designation relating to each
particular series of preferred stock for provisions that may be important to you. The certificate of designation relating to the particular series of preferred stock offered by an accompanying
prospectus supplement and this prospectus will be filed as an exhibit to a document incorporated by reference in the registration statement. The prospectus supplement will also state whether any of
the terms summarized below do not apply to the series of preferred stock being offered. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As
of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue up to 10,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which, no shares of preferred stock are outstanding.
Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series, and to establish from time to time a series
of preferred stock with the following terms specified: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
number of shares to be included in the series;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of the series; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such series. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prior
to the issuance of any series of preferred stock, our board of directors will adopt resolutions creating and designating the series as a series of preferred stock and the
resolutions will be filed in a certificate of designation as an amendment to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The term "board of directors" includes any duly authorized
committee. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
rights of holders of the preferred stock offered may be adversely affected by the rights of holders of any shares of preferred stock that may be issued in the future. Our board of
directors may cause shares of preferred stock to be issued in public or private transactions for any proper corporate purpose. Examples of proper corporate purposes include issuances to obtain
additional financing in connection with acquisitions or otherwise, and issuances to our or our subsidiaries' officers, directors and employees pursuant to benefit plans or otherwise. Shares of
preferred stock we issue may have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition of us deemed undesirable by our board of directors. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
preferred stock will be, when issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of preferred stock will not have any preemptive or subscription rights to acquire more of our stock. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
transfer agent, registrar, dividend disbursing agent and redemption agent for shares of each series of preferred stock will be named in the prospectus supplement relating to such
series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Rank  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement relating to the shares of a series of preferred stock, such shares will rank on an equal basis with each
other series of preferred stock and prior to the common stock as to dividends and distributions of assets. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Dividends  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless stated otherwise in the prospectus supplement relating to the issuance of a series of preferred stock, holders of each series of preferred stock will be
entitled to receive cash dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends. The </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>13</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>rates
and dates of payment of dividends will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to each series of preferred stock. Dividends will be payable to holders of record of preferred stock as
they appear on our books or, if applicable, the records of the depositary referred to below on the record dates fixed by the board of directors. Dividends on a series of preferred stock may be
cumulative or noncumulative. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
may not declare, pay or set apart for payment dividends on the preferred stock unless full dividends on other series of preferred stock that rank on an equal or senior basis have been
paid or sufficient funds have been set apart for payment for </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>all
prior dividend periods of other series of preferred stock that pay dividends on a cumulative basis; or
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
immediately preceding dividend period of other series of preferred stock that pay dividends on a noncumulative basis. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Partial
dividends declared on shares of preferred stock and each other series of preferred stock ranking on an equal basis as to dividends will be declared pro rata. A pro rata
declaration means that the ratio of dividends declared per share to accrued dividends per share will be the same for each series of preferred stock. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Similarly,
we may not declare, pay or set apart for payment non-stock dividends or make other payments on the common stock or any other of our stock ranking junior to the
preferred stock until full dividends on the preferred stock have been paid or set apart for payment for </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>all
prior dividend periods if the preferred stock pays dividends on a cumulative basis; or
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
immediately preceding dividend period if the preferred stock pays dividends on a noncumulative basis. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Conversion and Exchange  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The prospectus supplement for a series of preferred stock will state the terms, if any, on which shares of that series are convertible into or exchangeable for
shares of our common stock, our preferred stock, our other securities or the debt or equity securities of one or more other entities. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Redemption and Sinking Fund  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If so specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, a series of preferred stock may be redeemable at any time, in whole or in part, at our option or the
option of the holder thereof and may be mandatorily redeemed. Any partial redemptions of preferred stock will be made in a way that the board of directors decides is equitable. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless
we default in the payment of the redemption price, dividends will cease to accrue after the redemption date on shares of preferred stock called for redemption and all rights of
holders of such shares will terminate except for the right to receive the redemption price. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
series of preferred stock will receive the benefit of a sinking fund except as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>14</FONT></P>

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<A NAME="page_dg2282_1_15"> </A>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Liquidation Preference  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of each series of preferred stock will be entitled to receive distributions upon
liquidation in the amount set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to such series of preferred stock, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends. Such distributions will be made
before any distribution is made on any securities ranking junior relating to liquidation, including common stock. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the liquidation amounts payable relating to the preferred stock of any series and any other securities ranking on a parity regarding liquidation rights are not paid in full, the
holders of the preferred stock of such series and such other securities will share in any such distribution of our available assets on a ratable basis in proportion to the full liquidation
preferences. Holders of such series of preferred stock will not be entitled to any other amounts from us after they have received their full liquidation preference. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Voting Rights  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holders of shares of preferred stock will have the same voting rights as the holders of
shares of common stock. Each holder of a share of preferred stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of common stock such holder would receive upon conversion of such share of preferred stock
into common stock. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>15</FONT></P>

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NAME="page_di2282_1_16"> </A> </FONT></P>

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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="di2282_description_of_warrants"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_di2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue warrants for the purchase of debt securities, common stock or preferred stock. We may issue warrants independently or together with any other
securities offered by any prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from the other offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be
entered into by us with a warrant agent The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the series of warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust
for or with any holders or beneficial owners of the warrants. Further terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreements will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. As of the
date of this prospectus we have no warrants outstanding. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, including, where applicable, the following: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
title of the warrants;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
aggregate number of the warrants;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
designation, terms and number of shares of debt securities, common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
designation and terms of the offered securities, if any, with which the warrants are issued and the number of the warrants issued with each offered security;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related debt securities, common stock or preferred stock will be separately transferable;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
price at which each share of debt securities, common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
date on which the right to exercise the warrants shall commence and the date on which that right shall expire;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
minimum or maximum amount of the warrants which may be exercised at any one time;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>information
with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>a
discussion of certain Federal income tax considerations; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>any
other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>16</FONT></P>

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<A NAME="page_di2282_1_17"> </A>
<UL>
<UL>
</UL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="di2282_description_of_depositary_shares"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_di2282_2"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may, at our option, elect to offer fractional or multiple shares of preferred stock, rather than single shares of preferred stock. In the event we exercise
this option, we will issue receipts for depositary shares, each of which will represent a fraction or multiple of, to be described in an applicable prospectus supplement, of shares of a particular
series of preferred stock. The preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company selected by us and having its
principal office in the United States and having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be
entitled, in proportion to the applicable preferred stock or fraction or multiple thereof represented by the depositary share, to all of the rights and preferences of the preferred stock or other
equity stock represented thereby, including any dividend, voting, redemption, conversion or liquidation rights. For an additional description of our common stock and preferred stock, see the
descriptions in this prospectus under the headings "Description of Common Stock" and "Description of Preferred Stock," respectively. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement. The particular terms of the depositary shares offered by any prospectus
supplement will be described in the prospectus supplement, which will also include a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
copy of the form of deposit agreement, including the form of depositary receipt, will be included as an exhibit to the registration statement or a current report on Form&nbsp;8-K
incorporated by reference herein. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>17</FONT></P>

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<A NAME="page_di2282_1_18"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="di2282_certain_provisions_of_delaware__cer02987"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_di2282_3"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW AND OF THE COMPANY'S<BR>  CHARTER AND BYLAWS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>The following paragraphs summarize certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, and our amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws. The summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the DGCL and to our amended
and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, copies of which are on file with the Commission as exhibits to registration statements previously filed by us. See "Where You
Can Find More Information."</I></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and Delaware
law could make our acquisition by a third party, a change in our incumbent management, or a similar change of control more difficult, including: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>an
acquisition of us by means of a tender or exchange offer;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>an
acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
removal of a majority or all of our incumbent officers and directors. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These
provisions, which are summarized below, are likely to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to
encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that these provisions help to protect our potential ability to negotiate with the
proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us, and that this benefit outweighs the potential disadvantages of discouraging such a proposal because our ability to
negotiate with the proponent could result in an improvement of the terms of the proposal. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Election and removal of directors.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain
provisions that effectively restrict the ability of our stockholders to remove directors without at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares. In addition, our
by-laws provide that, except as otherwise provided by law or our certificate of incorporation, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors
or vacancies on the board may be filled only by a majority of the directors then in office (even though less than a quorum is then in office) or by the sole remaining director. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stockholder meetings.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Under our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, the president,
a majority of the board of directors or a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares may call special meetings of stockholders. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Delaware anti-takeover law.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We are subject to Section&nbsp;203 of the Delaware general
corporation law, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section&nbsp;203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a "business combination" with an "interested
stockholder" for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder, unless the "business combination" or the transaction in which the person became an interested
stockholder is
approved in a prescribed manner. Generally, a "business combination" includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An
"interested stockholder" is defined generally as a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own,
15% or more of a corporation's voting stock. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the board of
directors, including discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>18</FONT></P>

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<A NAME="page_di2282_1_19"> </A>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No cumulative voting.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws do not provide for
cumulative voting in the election of directors. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Undesignated preferred stock.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The authorization of undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for
our board of directors to issue stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B><I>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Limitation of liability.</I></B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As permitted by the Delaware general corporation law, our certificate of
incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>for
any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>for
acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="di2282_legal_matters"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_di2282_4"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>LEGAL MATTERS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Latham&nbsp;&amp; Watkins LLP, Washington, D.C., will issue an opinion about certain legal matters with respect to the securities. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="di2282_experts"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_di2282_5"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>EXPERTS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The consolidated financial statements of Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc. appearing in Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc.'s Annual Report
(Form&nbsp;10-K) for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2005 (including the schedule appearing therein), and Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc. management's assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December&nbsp;31, 2005 included therein, have been audited by Ernst&nbsp;&amp; Young&nbsp;LLP, independent registered public
accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements and management's assessment are incorporated
herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="di2282_where_you_can_find_more_information"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_di2282_6"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the Commission. You may read and copy any document we file at the
Commission's public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on
the public reference room. Our filings with the Commission are also available to the public at the Commission's website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also inspect copies of these materials and other
information about us at the offices of the Nasdaq Stock Market,&nbsp;Inc., National Market System, 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-1500. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Commission allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file with them which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents
instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the
Commission will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made with the Commission under Sections 13(a), 13(c),
14, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, between the date of this prospectus and the termination of the offering and also between the date of the initial
registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>our
annual report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2005, filed on March&nbsp;16, 2006; </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></P>

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<UL>
<UL>
</UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>our
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended March&nbsp;31, 2006, June&nbsp;30, 2006 and September&nbsp;30, 2006;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>our
definitive proxy statement on Schedule&nbsp;14A relating to the annual meeting of stockholders filed on April&nbsp;28, 2006; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>&#149;</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>our
current reports on Form 8-K filed on March&nbsp;2, March&nbsp;24, June&nbsp;6, November&nbsp;13 and November&nbsp;22, 2006. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This
prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 we have filed with the Commission under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all of the
information in the registration statement. We have omitted certain parts of the registration statement, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Commission. You may inspect and copy the
registration statement, including exhibits, at the Commission's public reference room or website. Our statements in this prospectus about the contents of any contract or other document are not
necessarily complete. You should refer to the copy of each contract or other document we have filed as an exhibit to the registration statement for complete information. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents. You should
direct any requests for documents to Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc., 1015 31<SUP>st</SUP> Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, telephone: (202)&nbsp;295-4200. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>20</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>
<hr noshade width=100% align=left size=4>
<hr noshade width=100% align=left size=1> </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>
<IMG SRC="g444640.jpg" ALT="GRAPHIC" WIDTH="243" HEIGHT="91">
  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=4><B> Debt Securities, Common Stock,<BR>
Preferred Stock, Warrants and Depositary Shares  </B></FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="120">
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=4><B>PROSPECTUS  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=4><B> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, 2007  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to
provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date of this
prospectus. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.</B></FONT></P>

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<BR>
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NAME="page_ja2282_1_1"> </A> </FONT></P>

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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ja2282_part_ii_information_not_required_in_the_prospectus"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ja2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>PART II    <BR>    <BR>    INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ja2282_item_14._other_expenses_of_issuance_and_distribution."> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ja2282_2"> </A></FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><B>Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The expenses to be paid by us in connection with the distribution of the securities being registered are as set forth in the following table. All amounts shown
are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee. </FONT></P>

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<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>*</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Legal Fees and Expenses</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Accounting Fees and Expenses</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Printing Expenses</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Blue Sky Fees</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Transfer Agent Fees and Expenses</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Trustee Fees and Expenses</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Rating Agency Fees</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>Miscellaneous</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="79%"><FONT SIZE=2>Total</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></DIV>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="120">
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>*</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Under
SEC Rules 456(b) and 457(r), the SEC registration fee will be paid at the time of any particular offering of securities under the registration statement, and is therefore not
currently determinable.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>**</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>These
fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. </FONT></DD></DL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ja2282_item_15._indemnification_of_directors_and_officers."> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ja2282_3"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section&nbsp;145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, allows for the indemnification of officers, directors, and other corporate agents in
terms sufficiently broad to indemnify these persons for liabilities (including reimbursement for expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Registrant's Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws provide for indemnification of the Registrant's directors, officers, employees and other agents to the extent and under the
circumstances permitted by the DGCL. In addition, the Registrant carries director and officer liability insurance. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-1</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<A NAME="page_ja2282_1_2"> </A>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ja2282_item_16._exhibits"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ja2282_4"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>Item 16. Exhibits    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2>Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, filed on March 31, 2005).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;3.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Amended Bylaws of Cogent Communications Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005, filed on May 6, 2005).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Debt Security.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.3</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Indenture, between Cogent Communications Group, Inc. and one or more trustees to be named.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Warrant.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.5(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Depositary Agreement.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Opinion of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
12.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Statement of Computation of Ratios.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
23.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Consent of Ernst &amp; Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
23.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Consent of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
24.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Registration Statement).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
25.1(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="120">
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(1)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>To
be filed by amendment or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference. </FONT></DD></DL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ja2282_item_17._undertakings"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ja2282_5"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>Item 17. Undertakings    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(1)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
<BR><BR></FONT>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(i)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>To
include any propectus required by section&nbsp;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(ii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment
thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in
volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering
range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the
maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement. </FONT></DD></DL>
</DD></DL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-2</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<A NAME="page_ja2282_1_3"> </A>
<UL>
<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(iii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such
information in the registration statement;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><BR></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2><I>Provided, however, </I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>That paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii)&nbsp;and (a)(1)(iii)&nbsp;of this
section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the
registrant pursuant to section&nbsp;13 or section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of
prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(2)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(3)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(4)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>That,
for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
<BR><BR></FONT>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(i)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Each
prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(3)shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was
deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(ii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Each
prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule&nbsp;430B relating
to an offering made pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x)&nbsp;for the purpose of providing the information required by section&nbsp;10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be
deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of
securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule&nbsp;430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be
deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or
made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of
contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any
such document immediately prior to such effective date; or
<BR><BR></FONT></DD></DL>
</DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(5)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>That,
for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned
registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities
to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be
considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
<BR><BR></FONT>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(i)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Any
preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424; </FONT></DD></DL>
</DD></DL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-3</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<A NAME="page_ja2282_1_4"> </A>
<UL>
<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(ii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Any
free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(iii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>The
portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided
by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(iv)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Any
other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(6)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>That,
for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to section&nbsp;13(a) or
section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to section&nbsp;15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(7)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set forth the results of the subscription offer, the
transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any
public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the
terms of such offering.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(8)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report
to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-3 or Rule&nbsp;14c-3 under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by Article&nbsp;3 of Regulation&nbsp;S-X are not set forth in the prospectus, to
deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such
interim financial information.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(9)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act
and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer
or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(10)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>The
undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a)&nbsp;of
section&nbsp;310 of the Trust Indenture Act ("Act") in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section&nbsp;305(b)2 of the Act. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-4</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<UL>
<UL>
</UL>
</UL>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_jc2282_1_5"> </A> </FONT></P>

<!-- TOC_END -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="jc2282_signatures"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_jc2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
requirements for filing on Form&nbsp;S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of
Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;KNOW
ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints David Schaeffer, Thaddeus&nbsp;G. Weed, Robert&nbsp;N. Beury, Jr,
and each of them acting individually, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to
this registration statement (including post-effective amendments or any abbreviated registration statement and any amendments thereto filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b) of the Securities Act of
1933), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, with
full power of each to act alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and
purposes as he might or could do in
person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>EDWARD GLASSMEYER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Edward Glassmeyer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>EREL MARGALIT</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Erel Margalit</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>JEAN-JACQUES BERTRAND</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Jean-Jacques Bertrand</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>TIMOTHY WEINGARTEN</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Timothy Weingarten</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- insert table folio -->
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-5</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=30,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=86781,FOLIO='II-5',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JC2282A.;11',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:24' -->
<A NAME="page_jc2282_1_6"> </A>
<!-- end of table folio -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>STEVEN BROOKS</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Steven Brooks</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>KENNETH D. PETERSON, JR.</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Kenneth D. Peterson, Jr.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>RICHARD T. LIEBHABER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Richard T. Liebhaber</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="35%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID B. BATH</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David B. Bath</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="39%" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-6</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=2,SEQ=31,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=296799,FOLIO='II-6',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JC2282A.;11',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:24' -->
<BR>
<!-- THIS IS THE END OF A COMPOSITION COMPONENT -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_je2282_1_7"> </A> </FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>Chief Executive Officer and Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>Chief Executive Officer and Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-7</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=32,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=355618,FOLIO='II-7',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JE2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:27' -->
<A NAME="page_je2282_1_8"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
ALLIED RISER COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-8</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=2,SEQ=33,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=442307,FOLIO='II-8',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JE2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:27' -->
<A NAME="page_je2282_1_9"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
NETWORK EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS, LLC</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-9</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=3,SEQ=34,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=923923,FOLIO='II-9',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JE2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:27' -->
<A NAME="page_je2282_1_10"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
UFO GROUP,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-10</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=4,SEQ=35,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=356063,FOLIO='II-10',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JE2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:27' -->
<A NAME="page_je2282_1_11"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
SYMPOSIUM GAMMA,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="41%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-11</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=5,SEQ=36,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=957968,FOLIO='II-11',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JE2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:27' -->
<!-- THIS IS THE END OF A COMPOSITION COMPONENT -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_jg2282_1_12"> </A> </FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS OF CALIFORNIA,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-12</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=37,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=110358,FOLIO='II-12',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JG2282A.;11',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:28' -->
<A NAME="page_jg2282_1_13"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS OF D.C.,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-13</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=2,SEQ=38,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=840001,FOLIO='II-13',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JG2282A.;11',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:28' -->
<A NAME="page_jg2282_1_14"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS OF FLORIDA,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-14</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=3,SEQ=39,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=106790,FOLIO='II-14',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JG2282A.;11',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:28' -->
<!-- THIS IS THE END OF A COMPOSITION COMPONENT -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_jk2282_1_15"> </A> </FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS OF MARYLAND,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-15</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=40,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=497437,FOLIO='II-15',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JK2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:30' -->
<A NAME="page_jk2282_1_16"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS OF TEXAS,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-16</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=2,SEQ=41,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=52224,FOLIO='II-16',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JK2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:30' -->
<A NAME="page_jk2282_1_17"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
COGENT COMMUNICATIONS OF VIRGINIA,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-17</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=3,SEQ=42,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=431474,FOLIO='II-17',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JK2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:30' -->
<A NAME="page_jk2282_1_18"> </A>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>SIGNATURES  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the District of Columbia on January 23, 2007. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
ALLIED RISER OPERATIONS CORPORATION,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
By:</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="44%"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Signature</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Title</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Date</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>DAVID SCHAEFFER</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> David Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>President, Chief Executive Officer and&nbsp;Director<BR>
(Principal Executive Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="31%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>THADDEUS G. WEED</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><HR NOSHADE><FONT SIZE=2> Thaddeus G. Weed</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Chief Financial Officer<BR>
(Principal&nbsp;Financial&nbsp;and&nbsp;Accounting&nbsp;Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="21%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
January 23, 2007</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>II-18</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=4,SEQ=43,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=201345,FOLIO='II-18',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]JK2282A.;8',USER='YLEE',CD='23-JAN-2007;13:30' -->
<!-- THIS IS THE END OF A COMPOSITION COMPONENT -->
<!-- TOC_END -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ka2282_exhibit_index"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ka2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>EXHIBIT INDEX    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2>Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, filed on March 31, 2005).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;3.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Amended Bylaws of Cogent Communications Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005, filed on May 6, 2005).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Debt Security.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.3</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Indenture, between Cogent Communications Group, Inc. and one or more trustees to be named.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Warrant.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;4.5(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Depositary Agreement.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Form of Opinion of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
12.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Statement of Computation of Ratios</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
23.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Consent of Ernst &amp; Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
23.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Consent of Latham &amp; Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
24.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Power of Attorney. (Included on the signature page of this Registration Statement).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
25.1(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="88%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="120">
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>*</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>Previously
filed.
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(1)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>To
be filed by amendment or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference. </FONT></DD></DL>
<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=1,SEQ=44,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="1",CHK=368771,FOLIO='blank',FILE='DISK126:[07ZAA2.07ZAA2282]KA2282A.;6',USER='WAVILES',CD='23-JAN-2007;08:48' -->
<!-- THIS IS THE END OF A COMPOSITION COMPONENT -->
<BR>
<P><br><A NAME="07ZAA2282_1">QuickLinks</A><br></P><!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_bg2282_1">TABLE OF CONTENTS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_bg2282_2">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_dc2282_1">ABOUT COGENT</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_dc2282_2">FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_dc2282_3">RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_dc2282_4">USE OF PROCEEDS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_dc2282_5">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_de2282_1">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_dg2282_1">DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_dg2282_2">DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_di2282_1">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_di2282_2">DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_di2282_3">CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW AND OF THE COMPANY'S CHARTER AND BYLAWS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_di2282_4">LEGAL MATTERS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_di2282_5">EXPERTS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_di2282_6">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ja2282_1">PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS</A></FONT><BR>
<UL>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ja2282_2">Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ja2282_3">Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ja2282_4">Item 16. Exhibits</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ja2282_5">Item 17. Undertakings</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_jc2282_1">SIGNATURES</A></FONT><BR>
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<TYPE>EX-4.3
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.3
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<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.3  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT SIZE=5><B>COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP,&nbsp;INC.  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>and </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><B>[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>as Trustee </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>Guaranteed
to the extent set forth therein by the Guarantors named herein. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=3>INDENTURE </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>dated as
of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="76%" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT><BR></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Page</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=4><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;1.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Certain Definitions.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;1.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Other Definitions.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;1.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;1.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Rules of Construction.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=4><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;THE SECURITIES</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>5</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;2.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Unlimited In Amount, Issuable In Series, Form and Dating.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
5</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Execution and Authentication.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Registrar and Paying Agent.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Securityholder Lists.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>8</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.06</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Transfer and Exchange.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>8</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.07</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Replacement Securities.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>8</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.08</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Outstanding Securities.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.09</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Temporary Securities.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.10</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Cancellation.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.11</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Defaulted Interest.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.12</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Special Record Dates.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.13</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Global Securities.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;2.14</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>CUSIP Numbers.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;REDEMPTION</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>11</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;3.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Notices to Trustee.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
11</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;3.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>12</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;3.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Notice of Redemption.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>12</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;3.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Effect of Notice of Redemption.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;3.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Deposit of Redemption Price.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;3.06</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Securities Redeemed or Purchased in Part.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;COVENANTS</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>14</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;4.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Payment of Securities.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
14</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;4.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Maintenance of Office or Agency.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>14</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;4.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Reports.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>14</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;4.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Compliance Certificate.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>15</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;4.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Taxes.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>15</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;4.06</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>15</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;4.07</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Calculation of Original Issue Discount.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>15</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SUCCESSORS</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>16</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;5.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
When Company May Merge, etc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
16</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;5.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Successor Person Substituted.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>16</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>16</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;6.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Events of Default.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
16</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Acceleration.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>17</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Other Remedies.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>18</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN=2><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Waiver of Past Defaults.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>18</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Control by Majority.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>18</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.06</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Limitation on Suits.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>18</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.07</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Rights of Holders to Receive Payment.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.08</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Collection Suit by Trustee.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.09</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.10</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Priorities.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>20</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;6.11</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Undertaking for Costs.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>20</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TRUSTEE</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>20</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;7.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Duties of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
20</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Rights of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>21</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Individual Rights of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>22</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Trustee's Disclaimer.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>22</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Notice of Defaults.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>22</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.06</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Reports by Trustee to Holders.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>22</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.07</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Compensation and Indemnity.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>22</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.08</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Replacement of Trustee.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>23</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.09</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>24</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.10</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Eligibility; Disqualification.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>24</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;7.11</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>25</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>25</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;8.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Satisfaction and Discharge.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
25</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;8.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>25</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;8.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Legal Defeasance and Discharge.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>26</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;8.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Covenant Defeasance.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>26</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;8.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>27</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;8.06</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>27</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;8.07</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Repayment to Company.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>28</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;8.08</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Reinstatement.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>28</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SUPPLEMENTS, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>29</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;9.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Without Consent of Holders.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
29</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;9.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>With Consent of Holders.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>29</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;9.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Revocation and Effect of Consents.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>30</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;9.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Notation on or Exchange of Securities.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>30</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;9.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>31</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GUARANTEES</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>31</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;10.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Guarantee.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
31</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><B><BR>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>31</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2> Section&nbsp;11.01</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Indenture Subject to Trust Indenture Act.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
31</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.02</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Notices.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>31</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.03</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Communication By Holders With Other Holders.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>32</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.04</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>32</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.05</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>32</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.06</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Rules by Trustee and Agents.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>33</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.07</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Legal Holidays.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>33</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.08</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>No Recourse Against Others.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>33</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.09</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Counterparts.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>33</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.10</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Governing Law.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>33</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.11</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Submission to Jurisdiction; Service of Process; Waiver of Jury Trial</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>33</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.12</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Severability.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>34</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.13</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Effect of Headings, Table of Contents, etc.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>34</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.14</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>Successors and Assigns.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>34</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=0>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>Section&nbsp;11.15</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="76%"><FONT SIZE=2>No Interpretation of Other Agreements.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>34</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- end of user-specified TAGGED TABLE -->

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>ii</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_ki2282_1_3"> </A> </FONT></P>

<!-- TOC_END -->
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ki2282_cross-reference_table"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ki2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE*    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=1><B><I>Trust Indenture<BR>
Act Section</I></B></FONT><BR>
<HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=1><B><I>Indenture Section</I></B></FONT><BR>
<HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>310</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(3)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(4)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(5)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.03, 7.08; 7.10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>311</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.11</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.11</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>312</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2.05</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.03</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.03</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>313</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.06</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.06</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.06; 11.02</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(d)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.06</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>314</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>4.03; 10.02; 11.05</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.04</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.04</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)(3)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(d)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(e)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.05</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(f)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>315</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.01(b)(ii), 7.02</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.02, 7.05; 10.02</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.01(a), 7.02</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(d)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7.01(d), 7.02</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(e)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.11</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>316</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(last sentence)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2.13(f)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(1)(A)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.05</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(1)(B)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.04</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.07</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2.12; 9.03</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>317</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.08</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.09</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2.04</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>318</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.01</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"><FONT SIZE=2>(c)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="43%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.01</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<HR NOSHADE ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="120">

<P><FONT SIZE=2>N.A.
means not applicable </FONT></P>

<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>*</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2><B>This Cross-Reference Table is not part of the Indenture.  </B></FONT></DD></DL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>iii</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_kk2282_1_1"> </A> </FONT></P>

<!-- TOC_END -->

<P><FONT SIZE=2>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;INDENTURE dated as of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by and among Cogent Communications
Group,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Company</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"), the
guarantors listed on Schedule&nbsp;1 hereto (herein called the "Guarantors") and&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, as Trustee (the
"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Trustee</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to
be issued in one or more series (the "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Securities</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"), as herein provided, up to such principal amount as may from time to time be authorized in or
pursuant to one or more resolutions of the Board of Directors or by supplemental indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other parties and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of each series of the Securities: </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="kk2282_article_1_definitions_and_incorporation_by_reference"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_kk2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 1<BR>  DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION<BR>  BY REFERENCE    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;1.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certain Definitions.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Affiliate</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or
under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, "control," as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly,
of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise; </FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that
beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the Voting Securities of a Person shall be deemed to be a controlling interest in such
Person. For purposes of this definition, the terms "controlling," "controlled by" and "under common control with" have correlative meanings. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Agent</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means any Registrar, Paying Agent, authenticating agent or co-Registrar. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Board of Directors</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means, with respect to any Person, the board of directors of such Person (or, if such Person is a limited liability
company, the board of managers of such Person) or similar governing body or any authorized committee thereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Board Resolution</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly
adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification (and delivered to the Trustee, if
appropriate). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Business Day</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means any day other than a Legal Holiday. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Closing Date</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the date on which the Securities of a particular series were originally issued under this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Commission</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Company</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it pursuant to this Indenture and thereafter means the successor. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Company Order</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company's principal
executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer and delivered to the Trustee. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Company Request</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, a President or a Vice President,
and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>1</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<A NAME="page_kk2282_1_2"> </A>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Corporate Trust Office</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" shall mean the corporate trust office of the Trustee. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Default</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Depositary</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global
Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one
such person, "Depositary" as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Exchange Act</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>GAAP</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of
the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been
approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are applicable to the circumstances as of the Closing Date. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Global Security</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" shall mean a Security issued to evidence all or a part of any series of Securities that is executed by the Company and
authenticated and delivered by the Trustee to a Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary's instructions, all in accordance with this Indenture and pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01, which shall be
registered as to principal and interest in the name of such Depositary or its nominee. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Guarantee</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means a guarantee by any Guarantor of an obligation under this Indenture. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Holder</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" or "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Securityholder</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the
register of Securities kept by the Registrar. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Indenture</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Interest</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security that by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means
interest payable after Maturity. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Maturity</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal
becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Officer</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating
Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of such Person. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Officers' Certificate</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means a certificate signed by two or more Officers, one of whom must be the principal executive officer, principal
financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that meets the requirements of Section&nbsp;11.05 hereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Opinion of Counsel</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means an opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee that meets the requirements of
Section&nbsp;11.05 hereof. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or the Trustee. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Original Issue Discount Security</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means any Security which provides that an amount less than its principal amount is due and payable upon
acceleration after an Event of Default. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Person</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint stock company,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or other entity. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>2</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>principal</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" of a Security means the principal amount due on the Stated Maturity of the Security plus the premium, if any, on the Security. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Securities</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Securities Act</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Stated Maturity</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" when used with respect to any Security or any installment of interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security
as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of interest is due and payable. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Subsidiary</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means, with respect to any specified Person: (i)&nbsp;any corporation, association or other business entity of which more
than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees of the
corporation, association or other business entity is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination
thereof); and (ii)&nbsp;any partnership (a)&nbsp;the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person or (b)&nbsp;the only general
partners of which are that Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person (or any combination thereof). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>TIA</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date on
which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA provided, however, that in the event the TIA is amended after such date, "TIA" means, to the extent required by such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act,
as amended. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Trust Officer</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer with direct responsibility for the administration of this
Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Trustee</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means the party named as such above until a successor becomes such pursuant to this Indenture and thereafter means or includes
each party who is then a trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such party, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any series means the Trustee with respect to
Securities of that series. If Trustees with respect to different series of Securities are trustees under this Indenture, nothing herein shall constitute the Trustees co-trustees of the
same trust, and each Trustee shall be the trustee of a trust separate and apart from any trust administered by any other Trustee with respect to a different series of Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>U.S. Government Obligations</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means securities that are (i)&nbsp;direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of
which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii)&nbsp;obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of
which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include
a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government
Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> that (except as required by law) such custodian is not
authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by
such depository receipt. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>3</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;1.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Definitions.  </B></FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><TABLE WIDTH="63%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="80%" ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Term<BR> </B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>Defined in Section</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Bankruptcy Law</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.01</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Custodian</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.01</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Event of Default</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>6.01</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Legal Holiday</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11.07</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Paying Agent</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2.03</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Place of Payment</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2.01</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>redemption price</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>3.03</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="80%"><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Registrar</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>2.03</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></DIV>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;1.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms
used in this Indenture have the following meanings: </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"indenture
securities" means the Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"indenture
securityholder" means a Securityholder. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"indenture
to be qualified" means this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"indenture
trustee" or "institutional trustee" means the Trustee. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"obligor"
on the Securities means the Company and any Guarantor and any successor obligor on the Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All
other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by Commission rule under the TIA have the meanings so assigned
to them. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;1.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rules of Construction.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless the context otherwise requires: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
term has the meaning assigned to it; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an
accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"or"
is not exclusive; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;words
in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;provisions
apply to successive events and transactions; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;references
to sections of or rules under the Securities Act shall be deemed to include substitute, replacement of successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from
time to time. </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></P>

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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
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<A NAME="toc_km2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 2<BR>  THE SECURITIES    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unlimited In Amount, Issuable In Series, Form and Dating.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or
more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution or an Officers' Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution or established in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities); </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to this Article&nbsp;2); </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the series will be issued; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
rate or rates that may be fixed or variable at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the manner in which such rate or rates shall be
determined, the date or dates from
which such interest shall accrue, the interest payment dates on which such interest shall be payable and the record dates for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and any interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be payable or the method of such payment, if by
wire transfer, mail or by other means, if other than as provided herein; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
price or prices at which (if any), the period or periods within which (if any) and the terms and conditions upon which (if other than as provided herein) Securities
of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option, or as an obligation, of the Company; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series, in whole or in part, pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions
or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which and the period and periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed,
purchased or repaid pursuant to such obligation; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which, the Securities of the series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and
other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than denominations of $1,000 and any multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of
the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.02 hereof; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
addition to, change in or deletion from the covenants set forth in Articles 4 or 5 that applies to Securities of the series; </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>5</FONT></P>

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<A NAME="page_km2282_1_6"> </A>
<UL>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m)&nbsp;&nbsp;any
addition to, changes in or deletion from the Events of Default with respect to the Securities of a particular series and any change in the right of the Trustee or
the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.02 hereof; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee for the series of Securities; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
forms of the Securities of the series in bearer or fully registered form (and, if in fully registered form, whether the Securities will be issuable, in whole or in
part, as Global Securities); </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whether
the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which
such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual Securities, and the Depositary for such Global Security and Securities; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(q)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the series; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(r)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other terms of the series (which terms may modify, supplement or delete any provision of this Indenture with respect to such series; </FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however,</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> that no such term may modify or delete any
provision hereof if imposed by the TIA; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>and provided,
further</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that any modification or deletion of the rights, duties or immunities of the Trustee hereunder shall have been consented to in writing by the Trustee); </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(s)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Securities of the series shall be exchanged for or converted into other securities of the Company or securities of
another person; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(t)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
depositories, interest rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such series if other than those appointed herein; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(u)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whether
the Securities rank as senior subordinated Securities or subordinated Securities or any combination thereof and the terms of any such subordination; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
form and terms of any guarantee of any Securities of the series; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(w)&nbsp;&nbsp;the
currency of denomination of the debt securities; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(x)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(y)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the
debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(z)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by
reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock
exchange index or financial index. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All
Securities of any series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution or Officers'
Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
principal of and any interest on the Securities shall be payable at the office or agency of the Company designated in the form of Security for the series (each such place herein
called the "Place of Payment"); </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that payment of interest may be made at the option of the Company by </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>6</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>check
mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the register of Securities referred to in Section&nbsp;2.03 hereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each
Security shall be in one of the forms approved from time to time by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto. Prior to the delivery of a Security to the Trustee for authentication in any form approved by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate, the Company shall deliver to the
Trustee the Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate by or pursuant to which such form of Security has been approved, which Board Resolution or Officers' Certificate shall have attached thereto a
true and correct copy of the form of Security that has been approved by or pursuant thereto. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Securities may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Execution and Authentication.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One or more Officers shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this
Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall authenticate Securities for original issue upon receipt of a Company Order. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so.
Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an
Affiliate of the Company. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Registrar and Paying Agent.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Securities of a particular series may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (the
"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Registrar</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>") and an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented for payment (a "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Paying
Agent</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"). The Registrar for a particular series of Securities shall keep a register of the Securities of that series and of their registration of transfer and exchange. The
Company may appoint one or more co-Registrars and one or more additional paying agents for each series of Securities. The term "Paying Agent" includes any additional paying agent. The
Company may change any Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar without prior notice to any Securityholder. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any
Agent not a party to this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company fails to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent for any series of Securities, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or any of its Affiliates may act as Paying Agent,
Registrar or co-Registrar. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar and Paying Agent for each series of Securities unless another Registrar or Paying Agent, as the case may be, is appointed
prior to the time Securities of that series are first issued. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whenever the Company has one or more Paying Agents it will, prior to each due date of the principal of or interest on, any Securities, deposit with a Paying Agent
a sum sufficient to pay the </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>7</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>principal
or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company
will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that such Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit of the Securityholders of the particular
series for which it is acting, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal or interest on the Securities of such series, and that such Paying Agent will notify the
Trustee of any Default by the Company or any other obligor of the series of Securities in making any such payment and at any time during the continuance of any such Default, upon the written request
of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent. If the Company or an Affiliate acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund
for the benefit of the Securityholders of the particular series for which it is acting all money held by it as Paying Agent. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by
it to the Trustee. Upon so doing, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) shall have no further liability for such money. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization
proceedings relating to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securityholder Lists.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders,
separately by series, and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section&nbsp;312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven Business Days before each
interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of
Securityholders, separately by series, relating to such interest payment date or request, as the case may be. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.06&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transfer and Exchange.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where Securities of a series are presented to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal
principal amount of Securities of the same series of other authorized denominations, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met.
To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar's request. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental
charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.09, 2.13, 3.06 or 9.04). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company need not issue, and the Registrar or co-Registrar need not register the transfer or exchange of, (i)&nbsp;any Security of a particular series during a period
beginning at the opening of business 15&nbsp;days before the day of any selection of Securities of that series for redemption under Section&nbsp;3.02 and ending at the close of business on the day
of selection, or (ii)&nbsp;any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security of that series being redeemed in part. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.07&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Replacement Securities.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If a mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or if the Holder of a Security claims that the Security has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the
Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a replacement Security of same series if the Company's and the Trustee's requirements are met. The Trustee or the Company may require an
indemnity bond to be furnished which is sufficient in </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>8</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>the
judgment of both to protect the Company, the Trustee, and any Agent from any loss which any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced. The Company or the Trustee may charge such Holder for its
expenses in replacing a Security. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Every
replacement Security is an obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all the benefit of the Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the
same series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.08&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Outstanding Securities.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Securities of any series outstanding at any time are all the Securities of that series authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those
delivered to it for cancellation, and those described in this Section as not outstanding. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
a Security is replaced pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.07, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a
protected purchaser. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
Securities are considered paid under Section&nbsp;4.01, they cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
as set forth in Section&nbsp;2.09 hereof, a Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate holds the Security. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For
each series of Original Issue Discount Securities, the principal amount of such Securities that shall be deemed to be outstanding and used to determine whether the necessary Holders
have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver shall be the principal amount of such Securities that could be declared to be due and payable upon acceleration upon
an Event of Default as of the date of such determination. When requested by the Trustee, the Company shall advise the Trustee of such amount, showing its computations in reasonable detail. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.09&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Temporary Securities.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order.
Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay,
the Company shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Holders
of temporary securities shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cancellation.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities
surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation
and shall return such canceled Securities to the Company at the Company's written request. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or that have been delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Defaulted Interest.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Company fails to make a payment of interest on any series of Securities, the Company shall pay such defaulted interest plus (to the extent lawful) any
interest payable on the defaulted interest, in any lawful manner. It may elect to pay such defaulted interest, plus any such interest payable on it, to the Persons who are Holders of such Securities
on which the interest is due on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the
date of the proposed payment. The Company shall </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>9</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>fix
or cause to be fixed any such record date and payment date for such payment, provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10&nbsp;days prior to the related payment date for such
defaulted interest. At least 15&nbsp;days before any such record date, the Company shall mail to Securityholders affected thereby a notice that states the record date, payment date, and amount of
such interest to be paid. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.12&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Special Record Dates.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company may, but shall not be obligated to, set a record date for the purpose of determining the identity of Holders entitled to consent to any supplement, amendment
or waiver permitted by this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, the Holders of Securities of that series outstanding on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to consent to such
supplement, amendment or waiver or revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date. No consent shall be valid or effective for more than
90&nbsp;days after such record date unless consents from Holders of the principal amount of Securities of that series required hereunder for such amendment or waiver to be effective shall have also
been given and not revoked within such 90-day period. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company may, but shall not be obligated to, fix any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of any series of Securities entitled to join in
the giving or making of any notice of Default, any declaration of acceleration, any request to institute proceedings or any other similar direction. If a record date is fixed, the Holders of
Securities of that series outstanding on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders
after such record date; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the date 90&nbsp;days after
such record date. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.13&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Global Securities.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Terms of Securities</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate shall
establish whether the Securities of a series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Transfer and Exchange</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section&nbsp;2.06 of
this Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.06 of this Indenture for securities registered in the names of Holders other than the
Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i)&nbsp;such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time
such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary within 90&nbsp;days of such event or
(ii)&nbsp;the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable
pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
as provided in this paragraph&nbsp;(b) of this Section, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a
nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of
such a successor Depositary. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>10</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Legend</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Unless
this certificate is presented by an authorized representative of The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation ("DTC"), New York, New York, to the issuer or its agent for
registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede&nbsp;&amp; Co. or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC
(and any payment is made to Cede&nbsp;&amp; Co. or such other entity as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC), </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR
VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL</B></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede&nbsp;&amp; Co. has an interest herein." </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Transfer
of this Global Security shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to nominees of DTC or to a successor thereof or such successor's nominee and limited to
transfers made in accordance with the restrictions set forth in the Indenture referred to herein." </FONT></P>

</UL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Acts of Holders</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to
give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under this Indenture. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Payments</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated
by Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Person specified therein. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Consents, Declaration and Directions</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as provided in paragraph&nbsp;(e) of this Section, the
Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a Person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a
written statement of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this
Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;2.14&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CUSIP Numbers.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company in issuing any series of Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in notices
as a convenience to Holders; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as
printed on such Securities or as contained in any notice and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on such Securities, and any such action relating to such
notice shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers in such notice. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the "CUSIP" numbers. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="km2282_article_3_redemption"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_km2282_2"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 3<BR>  REDEMPTION    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;3.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notices to Trustee.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Company elects to redeem Securities of any series pursuant to any optional redemption provisions thereof, it shall furnish to the Trustee at least
30&nbsp;days, but not more than 60&nbsp;days before a redemption date, an Officer's Certificate which shall specify (i)&nbsp;the provisions of such Security or this Indenture pursuant to which
the redemption shall occur, (ii)&nbsp;the redemption date, (iii)&nbsp;the principal amount of Securities of that series to be redeemed and (iv)&nbsp;the redemption price. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>11</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Company elects to reduce the principal amount of Securities of any series to be redeemed pursuant to mandatory redemption provisions thereof, it shall notify the Trustee of the
amount of, and the basis for, any such reduction. If the Company elects to credit against any such mandatory redemption Securities it has not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, it
shall deliver such Securities with such notice. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;3.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed, or purchased in an offer to purchase at any time, the Trustee shall select the Securities of
that series to be redeemed or purchased as follows: (1)&nbsp;if the Securities of such series are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal
national securities exchange on which the Securities of that series are listed, or, (2)&nbsp;if the Securities of that series are not listed on a national securities exchange, on a </FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><I>pro rata</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> basis, by
lot or by such other method as the Trustee deems fair and appropriate. In the event of a partial redemption or purchase by lot, the
particular Securities to be redeemed or purchased will be selected not less than 30 nor more than 60&nbsp;days prior to the redemption or purchase date by the Trustee from Securities of that series
outstanding and not previously called for redemption. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall notify the Company promptly in writing of the Securities or portions of Securities to be called for redemption or purchase and, in the case of any Securities selected
for partial redemption or purchase, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed or purchased. Except as otherwise provided as to any particular series of Securities, Securities and portions thereof
that the Trustee selects shall be in amounts equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of the series to be redeemed or purchased or any integral multiple thereof, except that if all
of the Securities of the series are to be redeemed or purchased, the entire outstanding amount of the Securities of the series held by such Holder, even if not equal to the minimum authorized
denomination for the Securities of that series, shall be redeemed or purchased. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities called
for redemption. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;3.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notice of Redemption.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as otherwise provided as to any particular series of Securities, at least 30&nbsp;days but not more than 60&nbsp;days before a redemption date, the
Company shall mail a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
notice shall identify the Securities of the series to be redeemed and shall state: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
redemption date; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
redemption price fixed in accordance with the terms of the Securities of the series to be redeemed, plus accrued interest, if any, to the date fixed for redemption
(the "redemption price"); </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if
any Security is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date, upon surrender of
such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion will be issued upon cancellation of the original Securities; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
name and address of the Paying Agent; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
Securities called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that,
unless the Company defaults in payment of the redemption price, interest on Securities called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>12</FONT></P>

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<A NAME="page_ko2282_1_13"> </A>
<UL>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
CUSIP number, if any, of the Securities to be redeemed; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
paragraph of the Securities and/or the section of the Indenture pursuant to which the Securities called for redemption are being redeemed; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(9)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that
no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Securities. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At
the Company's request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company's name and at its expense, provided, however, that the Company shall have delivered to the
Trustee, at least 45&nbsp;days prior to the redemption date, an Officers' Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as
provided in the preceding paragraph. The notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case,
failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice of the Holder of any Security shall not affect the validity of the proceeding for the redemption of any other Security. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;3.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of Notice of Redemption.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except if the giving of a notice of redemption would violate the terms of the Company's credit agreement, and subject to the subordination provisions of any
series of Securities, once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section&nbsp;3.03 hereof, Securities called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date for the
redemption price. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities will be paid at the Redemption Price. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;3.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposit of Redemption Price.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;On or before 10:00&nbsp;a.m., New York City time, on the redemption or purchase date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or Paying Agent (or, if the
Company or any Affiliate is the Paying Agent, shall segregate and hold in trust) money sufficient to pay the redemption or purchase price of all Securities called for redemption on that date other
than Securities that have previously been delivered by the Company to the Trustee for cancellation. The Paying Agent shall return to the Company any money not required for that purpose. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company complies with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, on and after the redemption or purchase date, interest shall cease to accrue on the Securities (or the portions
thereof) called for redemption or purchase. If a Security is redeemed or purchased on or after an interest record date but on or prior to the related interest payment date, then any accrued and unpaid
interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Securities were registered at the close of business on such record date. If any Securities called for redemption or purchase shall not be so
paid upon surrender for redemption because of the failure of the Company to comply with the preceding paragraph, interest shall be paid on the unpaid principal, from the redemption or purchase date
until such principal is paid, and to the extent lawful on any interest not paid on such unpaid principal, in each case at the rate provided in accordance with the terms of the Securities of the series
to be redeemed. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;3.06&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securities Redeemed or Purchased in Part.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed or purchased in part, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of
the Company a new Security of same series equal in principal amount to the unredeemed or unpurchased portion of the Security surrendered. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>13</FONT></P>

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<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ko2282_article_4_covenants"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ko2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 4<BR>  COVENANTS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;4.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment of Securities.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities on the dates and in the manner provided in this
Indenture and the Securities. Principal, premium, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or an Affiliate, holds as of
10:00&nbsp;a.m., New York City time, on that date immediately available funds designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, and interest then due. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
the extent lawful, the Company shall pay interest on overdue principal and overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum borne by the applicable series of Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;4.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Maintenance of Office or Agency.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the
Trustee or Registrar) where Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture
may be served. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain
any such required office or agency or shall
fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time
to time rescind such designations; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however,</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation
to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission
and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company hereby designates the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as one such office or agency of the Company in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.03. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;4.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reports.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15&nbsp;days after it files them with the Commission copies of the annual reports and of the information,
documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company is required to file with the Commission
pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> the Company shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials
for which the Company has sought and received confidential treatment by the Commission. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA Section&nbsp;314(a). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Delivery
of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any
information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company's compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely
exclusively on Officers' Certificates). </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>14</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;4.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compliance Certificate.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company or any Guarantors shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90&nbsp;days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officers' Certificate stating that
a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers (one of whom shall be the principal
executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company) with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its
obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and
fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default
or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he or she may have knowledge and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect
thereto) and that to the best of his or her knowledge no event has occurred and remains in existence by reason of which payments on account of the principal of or interest, if any, on the Notes is
prohibited or if such event has occurred, a description of the event and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an
Officers' Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;4.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taxes.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company shall pay prior to delinquency, all material taxes, assessments, and governmental levies except such as are contested in good faith by appropriate
proceedings or where the failure to effect such payment is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of any Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;4.06&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company and any Guarantors covenant (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that they shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever
claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture;
and the Company and each Guarantor (to the extent that they may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waive all benefits or advantages of any such law, and covenant that they shall not, by resort to any
such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;4.07&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Calculation of Original Issue Discount.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If, as of the end of any fiscal year of the Company, the Company has any outstanding Original Issue Discount Securities under the Indenture, the Company shall
file with the Trustee promptly following the end of such fiscal year (i)&nbsp;a written notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on
such Original Issue Discount Securities as of the end of such year and (ii)&nbsp;such other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then be required under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>15</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
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<A NAME="page_ko2282_1_16"> </A>
<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ko2282_article_5_successors"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ko2282_2"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 5<BR>  SUCCESSORS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;5.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When Company May Merge, etc.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition to provisions applicable to a particular series of Securities, the Company shall not directly or indirectly: (i)&nbsp;consolidate or merge with or
into another Person (whether or not the Company is the surviving Person), or (ii)&nbsp;sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or
assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries in one or more related transactions to any Person unless: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;either
(x)&nbsp;the Company is the surviving Person; or (y)&nbsp;the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or to
which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a Person organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the
District of Columbia; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance
or other disposition shall have been made assumes (by supplemental indenture reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee) all the obligations of the Company under the Securities and this Indenture; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;immediately
after the transaction no Default or Event of Default exists. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall deliver to the Trustee on or prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers' Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating
that the proposed transaction and such supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;5.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Successor Person Substituted.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by lease) of all or substantially all of the
assets of the Company in accordance with Section&nbsp;5.01 hereof, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such sale, assignment, transfer,
conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions
of this Indenture referring to the "Company" shall refer instead to the successor Person and not to the Company), and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the
same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay principal of, and
interest on, any Securities except in the case of a sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's assets that meets the requirements of
Section&nbsp;5.01 hereof. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ko2282_article_6_defaults_and_remedies"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ko2282_3"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 6<BR>  DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Events of Default.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;An "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Event of Default</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" occurs with respect to Securities of any particular series if, unless as otherwise provided
in the establishing Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company defaults in the payment of interest on any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable and the Default continues for a period of
30&nbsp;days; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company defaults in the payment, when due, of the principal of, or premium, if any, on any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable at Maturity,
upon </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>16</FONT></P>

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<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>redemption
(including in connection with any offer to purchase under the terms of such Securities) or otherwise; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an
Event of Default, as defined in the Securities of that series, occurs and is continuing, or the Company fails to comply with any of its other agreements in the
Securities of that series or in this Indenture with respect to that series and the Default continues for the period and after the notice specified below; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;commences
a voluntary case; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;consents
to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(C)&nbsp;&nbsp;consents
to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(D)&nbsp;&nbsp;makes
a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(E)&nbsp;&nbsp;admits
in writing its inability generally to pay its debts as the same become due. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;is
for relief against the Company in an involuntary case; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;appoints
a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property; or </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(C)&nbsp;&nbsp;orders
the liquidation of the Company; </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>and
the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60&nbsp;days. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series which is specified in a Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture
establishing that series of Securities. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
term "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Bankruptcy Law</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term "Custodian"
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
Default under clause&nbsp;(3) above is not an Event of Default with respect to a particular series of Securities until the Trustee or the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount
of the then outstanding Securities of that series notify the Company of the Default and the Company does not cure the Default within 60&nbsp;days after receipt of the notice. The notice must specify
the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a "Notice of Default." Such notice shall be given by the Trustee if so requested in writing by the Holders of 50% of the principal
amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Acceleration.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series (other than an Event of Default specified in clauses (4)&nbsp;and (5)&nbsp;of
Section&nbsp;6.01) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series by notice to
the Company and the Trustee, may, subject to any prior notice requirements set forth in any supplemental indenture, declare the unpaid principal (or, in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities,
such lesser amount as may be provided for in such Securities) of and any accrued interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable on the Securities of that series. Upon such
declaration the principal (or such lesser amount) and interest shall be due and payable immediately. If an Event of Default specified in clause&nbsp;(4) or (5)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;6.01 occurs,
all of such </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>17</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>amount
shall become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then
outstanding Securities of that series by notice to the Trustee may rescind an acceleration and its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing
Events of Default with respect to that series have been cured or waived except nonpayment of principal (or such lesser amount) or interest that has become due solely because of the acceleration. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Remedies.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of
principal or interest on the Securities of that series or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities of that series or this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any
Securityholder in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies
are cumulative to the extent permitted by law. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Waiver of Past Defaults.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to Section&nbsp;6.02, the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series, by notice
to the Trustee, may on behalf of the Holders of the
Securities of that series, waive an existing Default or Event of Default with respect to that series and its consequences except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the
principal (including any mandatory sinking fund or like payment) of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security of that series (including in connection with an offer to purchase); </FONT> <FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>,
that the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any series may rescind an acceleration
and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from any such acceleration.
Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall
extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Control by Majority.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for exercising any remedy with respect to that series available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts
with law or this Indenture, that the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders of Securities of that series, or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability.
The Trustee may take any other action which it deems proper that is not inconsistent with any such direction. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be
obligated to take any action with respect to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.02 unless directed to do so pursuant to this Section&nbsp;6.05. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.06&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Limitation on Suits.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A Holder of Securities of any series may not pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities unless: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Holder gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to that series; </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>18</FONT></P>

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<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;such
Holder or Holders offer, and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee does not comply with the request within 60&nbsp;days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;during
such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction
inconsistent with the request. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
Holder of any series of Securities may use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of Securities of that series or to obtain a preference or priority over another
Holder of Securities of that series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.07&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rights of Holders to Receive Payment.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the
Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Security (including in connection with any offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such
respective dates, shall not, except as provided in the subordination provisions, if any, applicable to such Security, be impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.08&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Collection Suit by Trustee.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;6.01(1) or (2)&nbsp;hereof occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series, the Trustee may
recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal (or such portion of the principal as may be specified as due upon acceleration
at that time in the terms of that series of Securities), premium, if any, and interest, remaining unpaid on the Securities of that series then outstanding, together with (to the extent lawful)
interest on overdue principal and interest, and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and, to the extent lawful, expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.07 hereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.09&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any
claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.07 hereof) and the
Securityholders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor on the Securities), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled to and empowered to collect,
receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims, and any custodian in any such judicial proceedings is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such
payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agent and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.07 hereof. Nothing contained herein shall be
deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the
Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>19</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_kq2282_1_20"> </A> </FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Priorities.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Trustee collects any money with respect to Securities of any series pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the following order: </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2>First:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="83%"><FONT SIZE=2>to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section&nbsp;7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and
expenses of collection;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Second:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="83%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
in accordance with the subordination provisions, if any, of the Securities of such series;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Third:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="83%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
to Securityholders for amounts due and unpaid on the Securities of such series for principal, premium, if any, and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities of such
series for principal, premium, if any, and interest, respectively; and</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
Fourth:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="83%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Securities of any series pursuant to this Section. The Trustee shall notify the Company in writing
reasonably in advance of any such record date and payment date. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;6.11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Undertaking for Costs.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee,
a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs,
including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defense made by the party litigant. This
Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.07 hereof or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities
of any series. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="kq2282_article_7_trustee"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_kq2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 7<BR>  TRUSTEE    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Duties of Trustee.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree
of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except
during the continuance of an Event of Default known to the Trustee: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(i)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture or the TIA and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are
specifically set forth in this Indenture or the TIA and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(ii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>in
the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein,
upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, in the case of any certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are
specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>20</FONT></P>

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<A NAME="page_kq2282_1_21"> </A>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>the
certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other
facts stated therein). </FONT></P>

</UL>
</UL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<UL>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(i)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>this
paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph&nbsp;(b) of this Section;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(ii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a responsible officer of the Trustee, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent
in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(iii)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to
Section&nbsp;6.05 hereof. </FONT></DD></DL>
</UL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whether
or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b)&nbsp;and
(c)&nbsp;of this Section. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise
any right or power, including without limitation, the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.05 hereof, unless it receives security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Absent written instruction from the
Company, the Trustee shall not be required to invest any such money. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rights of Trustee.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to TIA Section&nbsp;315(a) through (d): </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may conclusively rely on any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee shall not be bound
to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note,
other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Before
the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers' Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any
action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers' Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers under the
Indenture, unless the Trustee's conduct constitutes negligence. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless
otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the
Company. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and may rely upon the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel. </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>21</FONT></P>

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<UL>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Trust Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written
notice of any event that is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a
particular series, as the case may be, and this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
permissive rights of the Trustee to do things enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as duties. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Individual Rights of Trustee.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate with the
same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. However, the Trustee is subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trustee's Disclaimer.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company's use of the
proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its certificate of authentication. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notice of Defaults.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If a Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series occurs and is continuing and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail
to all Holders of Securities of that series&nbsp;a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90&nbsp;days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment on
any such Security, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of such
Securityholders. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.06&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reports by Trustee to Holders.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within 60&nbsp;days after May&nbsp;15 in each year, the Trustee with respect to any series of Securities shall mail to Holders of Securities of that series as
provided in TIA Section&nbsp;313(c) a brief report dated as of such May&nbsp;15 that complies with TIA Section&nbsp;313(a) (if such report is required by TIA Section&nbsp;313(a)). The Trustee
shall also comply with TIA Section&nbsp;313(b)(2). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders shall be mailed to the Company and filed with the Commission and each stock exchange on which any of the Securities
are listed, as required by TIA Section&nbsp;313(d). The Company shall notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange, and of any delisting thereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.07&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compensation and Indemnity.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed upon in writing for its services hereunder. The Company shall
reimburse the Trustee upon written request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and
out-of-pocket expenses of the Trustee's agents and counsel. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee for any loss, liability, damage, claims or expenses, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by
or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it, without negligence or bad faith on its part, in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture and its duties hereunder.
The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Company shall defend </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>22</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>the
claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for
any settlement made without its consent. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
secure the Company's payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee in its
capacity as Trustee, except money or property held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Securities. Such lien will survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;6.01(4) or (5)&nbsp;hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the
services will be intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Bankruptcy Law. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This
Section&nbsp;7.07 shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination of this Indenture. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.08&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Replacement of Trustee.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to one or more or all series of Securities and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only
upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Trustee may resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities by so notifying the Company in writing. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then
outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee as to that series by so notifying the Trustee in writing and may appoint a successor Trustee with the Company's consent. The Company may
remove the Trustee with respect to one or more or all series of Securities if: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee fails to comply with Section&nbsp;7.10 hereof; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
receiver or other public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Trustee becomes incapable of acting. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If,
as to any series of Securities, the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor
Trustee for that series. Within one year after the successor Trustee with respect to any series takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that
series may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If a successor Trustee as to a particular series does not take office within 60&nbsp;days after the
retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee,
the Company or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor
Trustee. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Trustee fails to comply with Section&nbsp;7.10 hereof with respect to any series, any Holder of Securities of that series who satisfies the requirements of TIA
Section&nbsp;310(b) may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee for that series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A
successor Trustee as to any series of Securities shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring
Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee (subject to the lien provided for in Section&nbsp;7.07 hereof), the resignation or removal of the retiring
Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>23</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Indenture
as to that series. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to the Holders of Securities of that series. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding
replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7.08, the Company's obligations under Section&nbsp;7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring
trustee. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and that
(1)&nbsp;shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)&nbsp;shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable
to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue
to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3)&nbsp;shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable to provide for or facilitate the administration
of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that nothing herein or in such supplemental Indenture shall constitute such Trustee
co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust hereunder separate and apart from any trust hereunder administered by any other such Trustee. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon
the execution and delivery of such supplemental Indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such
successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.09&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Trustee as to any series of Securities consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to,
another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee as to that series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Eligibility; Disqualification.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each series of Securities shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section&nbsp;310(a)(1), (2)&nbsp;and (5). The Trustee as to any
series of Securities shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee is subject to TIA
Section&nbsp;310(b). </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>24</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
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<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;7.11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Trustee is subject to TIA Section&nbsp;311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section&nbsp;311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been
removed shall be subject to TIA Section&nbsp;311(a) to the extent indicated therein. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ks2282_article_8_satisfaction_and_discharge;_defeasance"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ks2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 8<BR>  SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Satisfaction and Discharge.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Indenture will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities issued hereunder, when: </FONT></P>

<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(1)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>either:
<BR><BR></FONT>
<DL compact>
<DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(a)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>all
Securities of such series that have been authenticated (except lost, stolen or destroyed Securities that have been replaced or paid and Notes for whose payment money has
theretofore been deposited in trust and thereafter repaid to the Company) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(b)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>all
Securities of such series that have not been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable by reason of the making of a notice of redemption or otherwise
or will become due and payable within one year and the Company or any Guarantor has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of
the Holders, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable U.S. Government Obligations, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient without consideration of any reinvestment of
interest, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the Notes not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation for principal, premium and accrued interest to the date of Maturity or redemption:
<BR><BR></FONT></DD></DL>
</DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(2)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>no
Default or Event of Default with respect to such series of Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit
and such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other material instrument to which the Company or any Guarantor is a party to or by which the Company
or any Guarantor is bound;
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(3)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
Company or any Guarantor has paid or caused to be paid all sums payable by it under this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities; and
<BR><BR></FONT></DD><DT style='margin-bottom:-11pt;'><FONT SIZE=2>(4)</FONT></DT><DD><FONT SIZE=2>the
Company has delivered irrevocable instructions to the Trustee under this Indenture to apply the deposited money toward the payment of the Securities of such series at Maturity or
the redemption date, as the case may be. </FONT></DD></DL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>In
addition, the Company must deliver an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the Trustee stating that all conditions precedent to satisfaction and discharge have been satisfied. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding,
the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to a series of Securities, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause
(b)&nbsp;of clause&nbsp;(1) of this Section, the provisions of Section&nbsp;8.06 shall survive. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless Section&nbsp;8.03 or 8.04 is otherwise specified to be inapplicable to Securities of a series, the Company may, at the option of its Board of Directors
evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers' Certificate, at any time, elect to have either Section&nbsp;8.03 or 8.04 hereof be applied to all </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>25</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>outstanding
Securities of any such series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article Eight. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Legal Defeasance and Discharge.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon the Company's exercise under Section&nbsp;8.02 hereof of the option applicable to this Section&nbsp;8.03, the Company and any Guarantor shall, subject to
the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section&nbsp;8.05 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from their respective obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities of any series
on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Legal Defeasance</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company
and any Guarantor shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities of a series, which shall thereafter be deemed to be "outstanding" only
for the purposes of Section&nbsp;8.06 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (a)&nbsp;and (b)&nbsp;below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such
Securities and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which
shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (a)&nbsp;the rights of Holders of outstanding Securities to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section&nbsp;8.05
hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium and interest on such Securities when such payments are due, (b)&nbsp;the Company's obligations
with respect to such Notes under Article&nbsp;2 and Section&nbsp;4.02 hereof, (c)&nbsp;the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company's or any
Guarantors' obligations in connection therewith and (d)&nbsp;this Article Eight. Subject to compliance with this Article Eight, the Company may exercise its option under this Section&nbsp;8.03
notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section&nbsp;8.04 hereof. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Covenant Defeasance.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon the Company's exercise under Section&nbsp;8.02 hereof of the option applicable to this Section&nbsp;8.04, the Company or any Guarantors shall, subject to
the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section&nbsp;8.05 hereof, be released from their respective obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 4.03, 4.04, 4.05, 4.06, and 4.07,
and Section&nbsp;5.01 hereof with respect to the outstanding Securities of any series on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section&nbsp;8.05 are satisfied (hereinafter,
"</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Covenant Defeasance</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>"), and the Securities of such series shall thereafter be deemed not "outstanding" for the purposes of any direction, waiver,
consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed "outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder (it
being understood that such Securities shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Securities of any
series, the Company or any Guarantors may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or
indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission
to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section&nbsp;6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be
unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Company's exercise under Section&nbsp;8.02 hereof of the option applicable to this Section&nbsp;8.04 hereof, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions
set forth in Section&nbsp;8.05 hereof, Sections 6.01(3) through 6.01(6) hereof shall not constitute Events of Default. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>26</FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section&nbsp;8.03 or 8.04 hereof to the outstanding Securities of any series. In order to
exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders, cash in United States dollars, non-callable U.S. Government
Obligations, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium and
interest on the outstanding Securities on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of an election under Section&nbsp;8.03 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee confirming that
(A)&nbsp;the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B)&nbsp;since the date hereof, there has been a change in the applicable federal
income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for
federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if
such Legal Defeasance had not occurred; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
the case of an election under Section&nbsp;8.04 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and
will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no
Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the incurrence
of Indebtedness all or a portion of the proceeds of which will be used to defease the Securities pursuant to this Article Eight concurrently with such incurrence) or insofar as Sections 6.01(4) or
6.01(5) hereof is concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;such
Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other
than this Indenture) to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders
over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating
to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.06&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to Section&nbsp;8.07 hereof, all money and non-callable U.S. Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the
Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>27</FONT></P>

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>of
this Section&nbsp;8.06, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.01 or Section&nbsp;8.05 hereof in respect of the outstanding Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in
accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds
except to the extent required by law. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations
deposited pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.05 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders
of the outstanding Securities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Anything
in this Article Eight to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any money or
non-callable U.S. Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section&nbsp;8.05 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section&nbsp;8.05(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be
required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.07&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment to Company.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest
on any Securities and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, and premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held
by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Securities shall thereafter look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying
Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that the Trustee
or such
Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition),
notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30&nbsp;days from the date of such notification or publication, any unclaimed balance
of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;8.08&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reinstatement.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Securities in accordance with
Section&nbsp;8.03 or 8.04 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then
the Company's obligations under this Indenture and the Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.03 or 8.04 hereof until such time as
the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section&nbsp;8.03 or 8.04 hereof, as the case may be; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided,
however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Securities following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company
shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>28</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
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<BR>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ks2282_article_9_supplements,_amendments_and_waivers"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ks2282_2"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 9<BR>  SUPPLEMENTS, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;9.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Without Consent of Holders.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company and the Trustee as to any series of Securities may supplement or amend this Indenture or the Securities without notice to or the consent of any
Securityholder: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
comply with Article&nbsp;5; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided,
however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that any such addition, change or elimination (A)&nbsp;shall neither (i)&nbsp;apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such
supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii)&nbsp;modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B)&nbsp;shall become
effective only when there is no outstanding Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
make any change that does not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of the Securityholders of any series; or </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to
establish additional series of Securities as permitted by Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;9.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With Consent of Holders.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to Section&nbsp;6.07, the Company and the Trustee as to any series of Securities may amend this Indenture or the Securities of that series with the
written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of each series affected by the amendment, with each such series voting as a separate class. The
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may also waive compliance in a particular instance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture with
respect to that series or the Securities of that series; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided, however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, that without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or
waiver may not: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reduce
the percentage of the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment or waiver; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reduce
the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous provision; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reduce
the rate of, or change the time for payment of interest on, any Security; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reduce
the principal of or change the fixed Maturity of any Security or waive a redemption payment or alter the redemption provisions with respect thereto; </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make
any Security payable in money other than that stated in the Security (including defaulted interest); </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reduce
the principal amount of Original Issue Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make
any change in Section&nbsp;6.04, 6.07 or this Section&nbsp;9.02; or </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>29</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=5,SEQ=33,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="2",CHK=606878,FOLIO='29',FILE='DISK127:[07ZAB2.07ZAB2282]KS2282A.;2',USER='SCAVALI',CD='22-JAN-2007;08:55' -->
<A NAME="page_ks2282_1_30"> </A>
<UL>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;waive
a default in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any Security, except to the extent otherwise provided for in Section&nbsp;6.02 hereof. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;An
amendment or waiver under this Section that waives, changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture that has expressly been included solely for the benefit of
one or more particular series of Securities, or that modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the
rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It
shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent
approves the substance thereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company shall mail supplemental indentures to Holders upon request. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or
affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;9.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revocation and Effect of Consents.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a
Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder's Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided,
however</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the written notice of revocation before
the date on which the amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver shall become effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter shall bind every Holder
of Securities of that series. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;9.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notation on or Exchange of Securities.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If an amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Security: (a)&nbsp;the Trustee may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to the Trustee,
the Trustee may, at the written direction of the Company and at the Company's expense, place an appropriate notation on the Security about the changed terms and return it to the Holder and the Trustee
may place an appropriate notation on any Security thereafter authenticated; or (b)&nbsp;if the Company or the Trustee so determines, the Company in exchange for the Security shall issue and the
Trustee shall authenticate a new Security that reflects the changed terms. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Failure
to make the appropriate notation or issue a new Security shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>30</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_ku2282_1_31"> </A> </FONT></P>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;9.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to the preceding sentence, the Trustee shall sign any amendment or supplemental Indenture if the same does not adversely affect the rights, duties,
liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, execute any such amendment, supplement or waiver that affects the Trustee's own rights, duties, liabilities or
immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. The Company may not sign an amendment or supplemental Indenture until the Board of Directors approves it. In executing any amended or supplemental
Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and (subject to Section&nbsp;7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, in addition to the documents required by Section&nbsp;11.04 hereof,
an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amended or supplemental Indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ku2282_article_10_guarantees"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ku2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 10<BR>  GUARANTEES    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;10.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Guarantee.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any series of Securities may be guaranteed by one or more of the Guarantors. The terms and the form of any such Guarantee will be established in the manner
contemplated by Section&nbsp;2.01 for that particular series of Securities. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ku2282_article_11_miscellaneous"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ku2282_2"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>ARTICLE 11<BR>  MISCELLANEOUS    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indenture Subject to Trust Indenture Act.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that are required to be part of this Indenture, and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such
provisions. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.02&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notices.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any notice or communication is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or sent by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested),
telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next-day delivery, addressed as follows: </FONT></P>

<UL>
<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>If
to the Company and/or any Guarantor: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Cogent
Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
1015 31<SUP>st</SUP> Street N.W.<BR>
Washington, D.C.<BR>
Attention: Robert N. Beury<BR>
Telephone: (202)&nbsp;295-4200<BR>
Facsimile: (202)&nbsp;342-8269 </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>with
a copy to: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Latham&nbsp;&amp;
Watkins LLP<BR>
555 Eleventh Street, N.W., Suite 1000<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20004<BR>
Attention: David M. McPherson, Esq.<BR>
Telephone: (202)&nbsp;637-2200<BR>
Facsimile: (202)&nbsp;637-2201 </FONT></P>

</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>31</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<A NAME="page_ku2282_1_32"> </A>
<UL>
<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>If
to the Trustee: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;]<BR>
Attention:<BR>
Telephone:<BR>
Facsimile: </FONT></P>

</UL>
</UL>
</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All
notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five Business Days
after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt acknowledged, if telecopied; and the next business day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air
courier guaranteeing next-day delivery. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any
notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be mailed by first-class mail, certified or registered, return receipt requested, or by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day
delivery to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Security holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to
other Securityholders. If the Company mails a notice or communication to Securityholders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee at the same time. Any notice or communication shall also be mailed to any
Person described in TIA &sect;313(c), to the extent required by the TIA. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.03&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Communication By Holders With Other Holders.  </B></FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA Section&nbsp;312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Company,
the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA Section&nbsp;312(c). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.04&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an
Officers' Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section&nbsp;11.05 hereof)
stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an
Opinion of Counsel, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section&nbsp;11.05 hereof) stating
that, in the opinion of such counsel, such action is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and that all such conditions precedent have been complied with. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.05&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificate provided pursuant
to TIA &sect;314(a)(4) shall include: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; </FONT></P>

</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>32</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
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<A NAME="page_ku2282_1_33"> </A>
<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion
as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with; </FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>provided,
however,</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2> that with respect to matters of fact an Opinion of Counsel may rely on an officer's certificate or certificates of public officials. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.06&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rules by Trustee and Agents.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Trustee as to Securities of any series may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders of Securities of that series. The Registrar and any
Paying Agent or Authenticating Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for their functions. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.07&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Legal Holidays.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A "</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><I>Legal Holiday</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>" is a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York, New York
or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the
next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.08&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Recourse Against Others.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No past, present or future director, officer, employee, manager, securityholder or incorporator, as such, of the Company or any successor Person shall have any
liability for any obligations of the Company or any Guarantor under any series of Securities, any guarantees thereof, or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of such
obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration of issuance of the Securities. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.09&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Counterparts.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Indenture may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which
taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Governing Law.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The internal laws of the State of New York shall govern and be used to construe this Indenture and the Securities (including any guarantees thereof), without
giving effect to the applicable principles of conflicts of laws to the extent that the application of the laws of another jurisdiction would be required thereby. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Submission to Jurisdiction; Service of Process; Waiver of Jury Trial  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each party hereto hereby submits to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and of any New York
State Court sitting in New York City for purposes of all legal proceedings arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities (including any guarantee thereof) or the transactions
contemplated hereby and thereby. Each party hereto irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such
proceeding brought in such a court and any claim </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>33</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<A NAME="page_ku2282_1_34"> </A>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>that
any such proceeding brought in such a court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on any party anywhere in the world, whether
within or without the State of New York. Without limiting the foregoing, the parties agree that service of process upon such party at the address referred to in Section&nbsp;11.02, together with
written notice of such service to such party, shall be deemed effective service of process upon such party. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably waives any and all rights to trial by jury in any
legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities (including any guarantee thereof) or the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.12&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Severability.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the
remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.13&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of Headings, Table of Contents, etc.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Article and Section headings herein and the table of contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.14&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Successors and Assigns.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All covenants and agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successors and assigns. All agreements of the Trustee in this
Indenture shall bind its successor. All agreements of any Guarantor in this Indenture shall bind its successors, except as otherwise provided by the terms hereof. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2><B>Section&nbsp;11.15&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Interpretation of Other Agreements.  </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or any Subsidiary or of any Person. Any such indenture, loan
or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[</FONT><FONT
SIZE=2><I>Signature Page Follows</I></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>] </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>34</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the date first above written. </FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="39%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=2>ISSUER:</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="39%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><BR><FONT SIZE=2>COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="39%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><BR><FONT SIZE=2>By:</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="51%"><BR><HR NOSHADE></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="39%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="51%"><FONT SIZE=2>Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dave Schaeffer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="39%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="51%"><FONT SIZE=2>Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="kx2282_schedule_1_guarantors_"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_kx2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>Schedule 1    <BR>    <BR>    </FONT><FONT SIZE=2>GUARANTORS:    <BR></FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="ky2282_trustee_"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_ky2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>TRUSTEE:    <BR></FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<BR>
<P><br><A NAME="07ZAA2282_2">QuickLinks</A><br></P><!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_kg2282_1">TABLE OF CONTENTS</A></FONT><BR>
<!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ki2282_1">CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE</A></FONT><BR>
<!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_kk2282_1">ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</A></FONT><BR>
<!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_km2282_1">ARTICLE 2 THE SECURITIES</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_km2282_2">ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION</A></FONT><BR>
<!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ko2282_1">ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ko2282_2">ARTICLE 5 SUCCESSORS</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ko2282_3">ARTICLE 6 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</A></FONT><BR>
<!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_kq2282_1">ARTICLE 7 TRUSTEE</A></FONT><BR>
<!-- TOC_BEGIN -->
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ks2282_1">ARTICLE 8 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ks2282_2">ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTS, AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ku2282_1">ARTICLE 10 GUARANTEES</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ku2282_2">ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_kx2282_1">Schedule 1 GUARANTORS</A></FONT><BR>
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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_ky2282_1">TRUSTEE</A></FONT><BR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>a2175620zex-5_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
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<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><B>Exhibit 5.1  </B></FONT></P>

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<TD WIDTH="59%"><FONT SIZE=2><B>LATHAM &amp; WATKINS LLP LETTER HEAD</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=1>555 Eleventh Street, N.W., Suite 1000<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20004-1304<BR>
Tel: (202)&nbsp;637-2200&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fax: (202)&nbsp;637-2201<BR>
www.lw.com</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="59%"><FONT SIZE=1><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=1><BR>
FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="59%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=1>Barcelona<BR>
Brussels<BR>
Chicago<BR>
Frankfurt<BR>
Hamburg<BR>
Hong Kong</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT SIZE=1>New Jersey<BR>
New York<BR>
Northern Virginia<BR>
Orange County<BR>
Paris<BR>
San Diego</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="59%"><FONT SIZE=2>January&nbsp;23, 2007<BR>
<BR>
Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
1015 31<SUP>st</SUP> Street N.W.<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20007</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=1>London<BR>
Los Angeles<BR>
Madrid<BR>
Milan<BR>
Moscow<BR>
Munich</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT SIZE=1>San Francisco<BR>
Shanghai<BR>
Silicon Valley<BR>
Singapore<BR>
Tokyo<BR>
Washington, D.C.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="59%"><FONT SIZE=1><BR>
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1><BR>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3><FONT SIZE=1><BR>
File No.&nbsp;029103-0056<BR></FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>Ladies
and Gentlemen: </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
connection with the registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 filed by Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and certain of the
Company's direct and indirect subsidiaries which are co-registrants thereto (the "Co-Registrants" and, together with the Company, the "Registrants"), with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), on January&nbsp;23, 2007 (File No.&nbsp;333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;), (the
"Registration Statement"), you have requested our opinion with respect to the matters set forth below. This opinion is being furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of
Regulation&nbsp;S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or Prospectus (as defined below), other
than as to the validity of the Securities (as defined below). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You
have provided us with a draft prospectus (the "Prospectus") which is a part of the Registration Statement. The Prospectus provides that it will be supplemented in the future by one
or more supplements to the Prospectus (each, a "Prospectus Supplement"). The Prospectus, as supplemented by various Prospectus Supplements, will provide for the offering by the Registrants of an
indeterminate amount and number of (i)&nbsp;one or more series of senior subordinated or subordinated debt securities of the Company (the "Debt Securities"), which may be guaranteed by one or more
of the Registrant or Co-Registrants (collectively, the "Guarantees"), (ii)&nbsp;one or more series of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Preferred Stock") of the Company,
(iii)&nbsp;shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share of the Company (the "Common Stock"), (iv)&nbsp;warrants to purchase Debt Securities, Preferred Stock or Common Stock (the "Warrants"),
and (v)&nbsp;shares of Preferred Stock represented by depositary shares and evidenced by depositary receipts (the "Depositary Receipts"), each of which will represent a fractional share or multiple
shares of Preferred Stock. The Debt Securities, Preferred Stock, Common Shares, Warrants and Depositary Receipts plus any additional Debt Securities, Preferred Stock, Common Shares Warrants or
Depositary Receipts that may be registered pursuant to any subsequent registration statement that the Company may hereafter file with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b) under the Securities
Act are collectively referred to herein as the "Securities." Any Debt Securities may be exchangeable and/or convertible into shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock or into another series of Debt
Securities. The Preferred Stock may also be exchangeable for and/or convertible into shares of Common Stock or another series of Preferred Stock. The Debt Securities and any Guarantee will be executed
and delivered pursuant to one or more indentures (collectively, the "Indentures") by and among the Company and/or one or more of the Co-Registrants and a financial institution to be
identified therein, as trustee (the "Trustee"), in the form attached as Exhibit&nbsp;4.4 to the Registration Statement, as such Indentures may be supplemented from time to time. The Depositary
Receipts will be issued under one or more deposit agreements </FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>(each,
a "Deposit Agreement") by and between the Company and a financial institution identified therein as the depositary (each, a "Depositary"). </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
our capacity as your special counsel in connection with such registration, we are familiar with the proceedings taken and proposed to be taken by the Registrants in connection with
the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities, and any related Guarantees, respectively, and for the purposes of this opinion, have assumed that proper proceedings in connection with the
authorization and issuance of the Securities will be timely and properly completed in accordance with all requirements of applicable federal and New York laws and the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware, including statutory and reported decisional law thereunder (the "DGCL"), in the manner presently proposed. In addition, we have made such legal and factual
examinations and inquiries, including an examination of originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of such documents, corporate records and instruments, as we have
deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of this opinion. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As
to facts material to the opinions, statements and assumptions expressed herein, we have, with your consent, relied upon oral or written statements and representations of officers and
other representatives of the Company and others. In addition, we have obtained and relied upon such certificates and assurances from public officials as we have deemed necessary. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
are opining herein as to the effect on the subject transaction only of the federal securities laws of the United States, the internal laws of the State of New York and the DGCL, and
we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction or, in the case of Delaware, any other laws, or as to any matters of
municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject
to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that as of the date hereof: </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company has the authority pursuant to its Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Amended Certificate") to issue up to 750,000,000 shares of
Common Stock. Upon adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of a resolution in form and content as required by the DGCL and upon issuance and delivery of and payment for such shares in the
manner contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and such resolution, and when the Registration Statement and any required
post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been
delivered as required by such laws, and assuming that (i)&nbsp;the terms of such shares as issued and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related
Prospectus Supplement(s), (ii)&nbsp;the Company has a sufficient number of authorized but unissued shares under the Amended Certificate at the time of issuance, (iii)&nbsp;such shares as issued
and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, and (iv)&nbsp;such shares as issued and
delivered comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company, such
Common Stock (including any Common Stock of the Company duly issued (1)&nbsp;upon the exchange or conversion of any shares of Preferred Stock that are exchangeable or convertible into Common Stock,
(2)&nbsp;upon the exchange or conversion of Debt Securities that are exchangeable or convertible into Common Stock or (3)&nbsp;upon the exercise of Warrants pursuant to the terms thereof that are
exercisable for the purchase of Common Stock) will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company has the authority pursuant to the Amended Certificate to issue up to 200,000 shares of Preferred Stock. When (a)&nbsp;a series of Preferred Stock has been
duly established in accordance with the terms of the Amended Certificate and applicable law, and upon adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of a resolution in form and content as required
by the DGCL and </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>2</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>upon
issuance and delivery of and payment for such shares in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and such resolution, and
(b)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus
Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered as required by such laws, and assuming that (i)&nbsp;the terms of such shares as issued and delivered are as described in the
Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), (ii)&nbsp;the Company has a sufficient number of authorized but unissued shares under the Amended Certificate at the
time of issuance, (iii)&nbsp;such shares as issued and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon
the Company, and (iv)&nbsp;such shares as issued and delivered comply with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or
regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company, such shares of such series of Preferred Stock of the Company (including any Preferred Stock of the Company duly issued (1)&nbsp;upon the
exchange or conversion of any shares of Preferred Stock that are exchangeable or convertible into another series of Preferred Stock, (2)&nbsp;upon the exchange or conversion of Debt Securities that
are exchangeable or convertible into Preferred Stock or (3)&nbsp;upon the exercise of Warrants pursuant to the terms thereof that are exercisable for the purchase of Preferred Stock) will be validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When
(a)&nbsp;the Debt Securities have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the applicable Indenture and applicable law, and upon adoption by the Board
of Directors of the applicable Registrant of a resolution in form and content required by applicable law, duly authenticated by the Trustee and duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Registrant
issuing such Debt Securities against payment therefor in accordance with the terms and provisions of the resolution of the Board of Directors of the applicable Registrant authorizing the execution and
delivery of the Debt Securities and the applicable Indenture and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and such resolution, and
(b)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus
Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered as required by such laws, and assuming that (i)&nbsp;the terms of the Debt Securities as executed and delivered are as described in the
Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), (ii)&nbsp;the Debt Securities as executed and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Registrant issuing
such Debt Securities or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon such Registrant, and (iii)&nbsp;the Debt Securities as executed and delivered comply with all
requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Registrant issuing such Debt Securities, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over such
Registrant, the Debt Securities (including any Debt Securities duly executed and delivered (1)&nbsp;upon the exchange or conversion of Debt Securities that are exchangeable or convertible into
another series of Debt Securities or (2)&nbsp;upon the exercise of Warrants pursuant to the terms thereof that are exercisable for the purchase of Debt Securities) will constitute legally valid and
binding obligations of the Registrant issuing such Debt Securities, enforceable against such Registrant in accordance with their terms. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When
(a)&nbsp;the Guarantee delivered by a Registrant (a "Guarantor") and the related Debt Securities have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with the
applicable Indenture and applicable law, and upon adoption by the Board of Directors of the applicable Registrant in form and content required by applicable law, and such Guarantee has been duly
executed and delivered by such Guarantor in accordance with the terms and provisions of the applicable Indenture and of the resolution of the Board of Directors of the applicable Registrant
authorizing the issuance of such Guarantee and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and such resolution, and the Debt Securities have
been duly authenticated by the Trustee, duly executed and delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the terms and </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>3</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>provisions
of the applicable Indenture and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), and (b)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and any
required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have
been delivered as required by such laws, and assuming that (i)&nbsp;the terms of the Debt Securities and the Guarantee as executed and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), (ii)&nbsp;the terms of the Guarantee as executed and delivered do not violate any law applicable to such Guarantor or result in a default under
or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon such Guarantor, and (iii)&nbsp;the applicable Indenture complies with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to such Guarantor,
whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over any Guarantor, such Guarantees will constitute legally valid and binding obligations of each Guarantor,
enforceable against each Guarantor in accordance with its terms. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When
(a)&nbsp;the Warrants have been duly executed and delivered in accordance with applicable law, and upon adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of a
resolution in form and content as required by the DGCL and upon issuance and delivery of and payment for the Warrants in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the
related Prospectus Supplement(s) and by such resolution, and (b)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have all become effective under the
Securities Act and the Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s) required by applicable laws have been delivered as required by such laws, and assuming that (i)&nbsp;the terms of the
Warrants as executed and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), (ii)&nbsp;the Warrants as executed and delivered do not
violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, and (iii)&nbsp;the Warrants as executed and delivered comply
with all requirements and restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company, the Warrants will
constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;When
the applicable Deposit Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and a Depositary, and when the Depositary Receipts have been duly
authorized and duly established in accordance with the Deposit Agreement and applicable law (including, without limitation, by the adoption by the Board of Directors of the Company of resolutions duly
authorizing the issuance and delivery of the Preferred Stock to be deposited and the Depositary Receipts (the "Depositary Receipts Authorization")), duly executed and/or countersigned in accordance
with the Deposit Agreement, and duly issued and delivered by the Depositary against payment therefor in accordance with the Deposit Agreement and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s) and the Depositary Receipts Authorization, assuming (i)&nbsp;the underlying Preferred Stock has been duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid
and duly deposited with the Depositary, (ii)&nbsp;the terms of the Deposit Agreement and Depositary Receipts as executed and delivered are as described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), (iii)&nbsp;the Deposit Agreement and Depositary Receipts as executed and delivered do not violate any law applicable to the Company or result in a default
under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, and (iv)&nbsp;the Deposit Agreement and Depositary Receipts as executed and delivered comply with all requirements and
restrictions, if any, applicable to the Company, whether imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company the Deposit Agreement will constitute a legally
valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms. </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>4</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
opinions expressed in paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 6 are further subject to the following limitations, qualifications and exceptions: </FONT></P>

<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights or remedies of creditors; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
effects of general principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or
injunctive relief), concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before which a proceeding is brought; </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
unenforceability under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions for the indemnification of or contribution to a party with respect to a
liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; and </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;we
express no opinion with respect to the enforceability of (i)&nbsp;consents to, or restrictions upon, judicial relief or, except for provisions by which a party
agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of New York courts in respect of any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the applicable Indenture, jurisdiction or venue; (ii)&nbsp;advance
waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by law, or
notice, opportunity for hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural rights; (iii)&nbsp;waivers of broadly or vaguely stated rights;
(iv)&nbsp;provisions for exclusivity, election or cumulation of rights or remedies; (v)&nbsp;provisions authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations; (vi)&nbsp;grants of
setoff rights; (vii)&nbsp;provisions to the effect that a Guarantor is liable as a primary obligor, and not as a surety; (viii)&nbsp;provisions for the payment of attorneys' fees where such
payment is contrary to law or public policy; (ix)&nbsp;proxies, powers and trusts; (x)&nbsp;provisions prohibiting, restricting, or requiring consent to assignment or transfer of any right or
property; and (xi)&nbsp;provisions for liquidated damages, default interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other economic remedies to the extent such
provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty. </FONT></P>

</UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In
addition, we express no opinion with respect to (i)&nbsp;whether acceleration of the Debt Securities may affect the collectibility of that portion of the stated principal amount
thereof that might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon, (ii)&nbsp;compliance with laws relating to permissible rates of interest or (iii)&nbsp;the creation, validity, perfection
or priority of any security interest or lien. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We
have not been requested to express and, with your consent, do not render any opinion as to the applicability to the obligations of the Company under the Indenture or the Debt
Securities of Sections 547 and 548 of the United States Bankruptcy Code or applicable state law (including, without limitation, Article&nbsp;10 of the New York Debtor and Creditor Law) relating to
preferences and fraudulent transfers and obligations. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
the extent that the obligations of the Company or the Co-Registrants under the Indentures may be dependent on such matters, we assume for purposes of this opinion that
(1)&nbsp;the Trustee is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; that the Trustee is duly qualified to engage in the activities
contemplated by the Indenture; that the Indentures have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Trustee and constitute the legally valid and binding obligations of the Trustee, enforceable
against the Trustee in accordance with their terms; that the Trustee is in compliance, generally and with respect to acting as Trustee under the Indentures, with all applicable laws and regulations;
and that the Trustee has the requisite organizational and legal power and authority to perform its obligations under the Indentures and (2)&nbsp;that the status of the Securities and the Guarantees
as legally valid and binding obligations of the respective parties thereto is not affected by any (i)&nbsp;breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or instruments, (ii)&nbsp;violations of
statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders, or </FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>5</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>(iii)&nbsp;failures
to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or make required registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental authorities. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To
the extent that the obligations of the Company or the Co-Registrants under the Deposit Agreements may be dependent on such matters, we assume for purposes of this opinion
that (1)&nbsp;the Depositary is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; that the Depositary is duly qualified to engage in the
activities
contemplated by the Deposit Agreement; that the Deposit Agreements have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Depositary and constitute the legally valid and binding obligations of the
Depositary, enforceable against the Depositary in accordance with their terms; that the Depositary is in compliance, generally and with respect to acting as Depositary under the Deposit Agreements,
with all applicable laws and regulations; and that the Depositary has the requisite organizational and legal power and authority to perform its obligations under the Deposit Agreements and
(2)&nbsp;that the status of the Securities as legally valid and binding obligations of the respective parties thereto is not affected by any (i)&nbsp;breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or
instruments, (ii)&nbsp;violations of statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders, or (iii)&nbsp;failures to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or make
required registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental authorities. </FONT></P>


<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This
opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions
of federal securities laws. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the heading "Legal Matters." In giving such
consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder. </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This
opinion may not be relied upon by you for any other purpose without our prior written consent. </FONT></P>

<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Very
truly yours, </FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>/s/
Latham&nbsp;&amp; Watkins LLP </FONT></P>

</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>6</FONT></P>

<HR NOSHADE>
<P style='page-break-before:always'></p>
<!-- ZEQ.=6,SEQ=6,EFW="2175620",CP="COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, INC",DN="3",CHK=881914,FOLIO='6',FILE='DISK127:[07ZAB2.07ZAB2282]LE2282A.;5',USER='YLEE',CD='22-JAN-2007;15:04' -->
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>a2175620zex-12_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 12.
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK=BLUE  VLINK=PURPLE>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=3 ><A HREF="#07ZAA2282_4">QuickLinks</A></FONT>
<font size=3> -- Click here to rapidly navigate through this document</font>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="page_lh2282_1_1"> </A> </FONT></P>

<!-- TOC_END -->
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><B>Exhibit 12.1  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="lh2282_ratio_of_earnings_to_fixed_cha__rat02549"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_lh2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES<BR>  COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP<BR>  (000's)    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<!-- User-specified TAGGED TABLE -->
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TH WIDTH="22%" ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2001</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2002</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2003</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2004</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>YEAR<BR>
ENDED<BR>
12/31/2005</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
<TH COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=1><B>NINE&nbsp;MONTHS<BR>
ENDED<BR>
9/30/2006</B></FONT><HR NOSHADE></TH>
<TH WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=1>&nbsp;</FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2><B>FIXED CHARGES</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Interest expense&#151;net of capitalized interest</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>7,945</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>36,284</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>19,776</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>13,002</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>11,747</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>8,005</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Interest capitalized</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>4,400</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>800</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>100</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Estimated interest in rental expense</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>268</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>207</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>475</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>759</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>1,095</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>1,008</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Fixed charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>12,613</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>37,291</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>20,351</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>13,761</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>12,842</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>9,013</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2><B>EARNINGS</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Pretax income (loss)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(66,913</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(91,843</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>140,743</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(89,660</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(67,518</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(43,786</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Plus: Fixed Charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>12,613</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>37,291</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>20,351</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>13,761</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>12,842</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>9,013</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Less: Capitalized interest</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(4,400</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(800</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(100</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Plus: Amortization of capitalized interest</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>291</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>786</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>858</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>888</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>885</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>664</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Earnings</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(58,409</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(54,566</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>161,852</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(75,011</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(53,791</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(34,109</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="White" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>8.0</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 ALIGN="RIGHT"><HR NOSHADE SIZE=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCEEFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="22%"><FONT SIZE=2>Dollar amount of deficiency</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(71,022</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(91,857</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>&#151;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(88,772</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(66,633</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="2%"><FONT SIZE=2>$</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2>(43,122</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"><FONT SIZE=2>)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2>1</FONT></P>

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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_lh2282_1">RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES COGENT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP (000's)</A></FONT><BR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>a2175620zex-23_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
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<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT SIZE=2><B>Exhibit 23.1  </B></FONT></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2><A
NAME="lc2282_consent_of_independent___lc202330"> </A>
<A NAME="toc_lc2282_1"> </A>
<BR></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><B>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm    <BR>    </B></FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>We
consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" in the Registration Statement (Form&nbsp;S-3) and related Prospectus of Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc. for
the registration of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, warrants and depositary shares and to the incorporation by reference therein of our reports dated March&nbsp;13, 2006, with
respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc., Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc. management's assessment of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Cogent Communications Group,&nbsp;Inc., included in its Annual Report
(Form&nbsp;10-K) for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2005, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. </FONT></P>

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<TD WIDTH="3%"><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%"><FONT SIZE=2>/s/ Ernst&nbsp;&amp; Young LLP</FONT></TD>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>McLean,
VA<BR>
January&nbsp;22, 2007 </FONT></P>

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<FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#toc_lc2282_1">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</A></FONT><BR>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>6
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