





                                   EXHIBIT 1
                                   ---------

                  AGREEMENT AS TO JOINT FILING OF SCHEDULE 13G
                  --------------------------------------------


Each of the undersigned hereby affirms that it is individually eligible to use
Schedule 13G, and agrees that this Schedule 13G is filed on its behalf.


Date: February 8, 1994


                      SMITH BARNEY TRUST COMPANY



                      By: /s/ Brian T. McGirl                         
                         ---------------------------------------------
                         Name:  Brian T. McGirl
                         Title:   President


                      THE TRAVELERS INC.



                      By: /s/ Mary Barnes Jenkins                    
                         --------------------------------------------
                         Name:  Mary Barnes Jenkins
                         Title:   Assistant Secretary




























