v2.4.0.6
Fair Value Measurement
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value Measurement
26. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Effective January 1, 2008, the Group adopted ASC subtopic 820-10 (“ASC 820-10”), Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure: Overall. ASC 820-10 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Although the adoption of ASC 820-10 did not impact the Group’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flow, ASC 820-10 requires additional disclosures to be provided on fair value measurement.

 

ASC 820-10 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 — Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

ASC 820-10 describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

In accordance with ASC 820-10, the Company measures trading securities and available-for-sale investments at fair value. The respective available-for-sale investments are classified within Level 3 as its valuation is based on a model utilizing unobservable inputs which require significant management judgment and estimation.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

 

     Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2011 Using         
     Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		      Significant Other
Observable  Inputs
(Level 2)		      Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)		      Fair Value at December 31, 2011  
     (RMB)      (RMB)      (RMB)      (RMB)      (US$)  

Available-for-sale investments

      —           —           386,851,118         386,851,118         61,464,453   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total

      —           —           386,851,118         386,851,118         61,464,453   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

 

     Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2010 Using         
     Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)		      Significant Other
Observable  Inputs
(Level 2)		      Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)		      Fair Value at December 31, 2010  
     (RMB)      (RMB)      (RMB)      (RMB)  

Available-for-sale investments

      —           —           423,302,661         423,302,661   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total

      —           —           423,302,661         423,302,661   
  

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

  

 

The following table summarizes the valuation of the available-for-sale investments:

 

     Amount  
     (RMB)  

Fair value of available-for-sale investment as at January 1, 2010

      450,966,634   

Unrealized gain in fair value of Series A Preferred Shares in MET (see Note 12)

      (73,032 ) 

Unrealized loss in fair value of Series C Preferred Shares in 51.com (see Note 12)

      (14,467,019 ) 

Transfer in and/or out of Level 3

      —     

Effect of exchange rate change

      (13,123,922 ) 
  

 

 

  

Fair value of available-for-sale investment as at December 31, 2010

      423,302,661   

Unrealized loss in fair value of Series A Preferred Shares in MET (see Note 12)

      4,893,132   

Unrealized loss in fair value of Series C Preferred Shares in 51.com (see Note 12)

      (20,890,689 ) 

Transfer in and/or out of Level 3

   

Effect of exchange rate change

      (20,453,986 ) 
  

 

 

  

Fair value of available-for-sale investment as at December 31, 2011

      386,851,118   
  

 

 

  

Fair value of available-for-sale investment as at December 31, 2011 (US$)

      61,464,453   
  

 

 

  

The fair value of available-for-sale investment in Series C Preferred Share of 51.com as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 was estimated using an enterprise value allocation (“EVA”) model.

The EVA model requires inputs of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility and the probability of occurrence under three different scenarios (which is based on management reasonable estimation), namely 1) an initial public offering occurs (“IPO”), 2) 51.com liquidates (“Liquidation”) and 3) 51.com’s preferred share are redeemed at maturity (“Redemption”). For the expected volatilities, the Company has made reference to historical volatilities of several comparable companies. The risk-free rate is based on the yield of U.S. Dollar China Sovereign Bond as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 with the term corresponding to the maturity of the preferred shares.

The fair value of the Series C Preferred Share of 51.com was estimated using the following assumptions:

 

     December 31,  
     2010     2011  

Risk-free interest rates

      1.27 %      0.72 % 

Expected volatility

      38.04 %      50.92 % 

Probabilities of different scenarios:

     

- IPO

      50 %      25 % 

- Liquidation

      25 %      25 % 

- Redemption

      25 %      50 % 

 

The fair value of the 100% equity interest of 51.com was determined based on an independent valuation using an income approach.

In September 2009, the Company made an investment in MET’s Series A Preferred Shares with both redemption and conversion features. This investment is recognized as an available-for-sale investment and its fair value was estimated using an enterprise value allocation (“EVA”) model as of December 31, 2011.

The EVA model requires inputs of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility and the probability of occurrence under three different scenarios (which is based on management reasonable estimation), namely 1) an initial public offering occurs (“IPO”), 2) MET liquidates (“Liquidation”) and 3) MET’s preferred share are redeemed at maturity (“Redemption”). For the expected volatilities, the Company has made reference to historical volatilities of several comparable companies. The risk-free rate is based on the yield of U.S. Dollar China Sovereign Bond as of December 31, 2011 with the term corresponding to the maturity of the preferred shares.

The fair value of the MET’s Series A Preferred Shares was estimated using the following assumptions:

 

     December 31,  
     2010     2011  

Risk-free interest rates

      1.87 %      0.35 % 

Expected volatility

      61.71 %      52.36 % 

Probabilities of different scenarios:

     

- IPO

      50 %      —     

- Liquidation

      25 %      25 % 

- Redemption

      25 %      75 % 

The fair value of the 100% equity interest of MET was determined based on an independent valuation using an income approach.

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company measures acquired intangible assets, goodwill and impairment of intangible assets at fair value. These assets are classified within Level 3 because they are valued using an income approach using discounted cash flows derived on management’s assumptions and estimates as further discussed in Notes 2.9, 2.10, and 7.

 

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized as below:

 

    Fair Value at
December 31, 2010		     Total impairment
loss recognized for
the year ended
December 31, 2010		     Fair Value at
December 31, 2011		     Total impairment loss
recognized for the year
ended December 31,
2011		  
    (RMB)           (RMB)     (RMB)  

Acquired intangible assets-software

     1,146,029        —          —          —     

Goodwill

     15,977,373        —          —          —     

KOK 3 game software

     —          46,557,669        —          —     

The above impairment loss was included in “Impairment of intangible assets” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.