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Stock-Based Compensation
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May 04, 2013
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| Stock-Based Compensation |
NOTE 3. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock Plan Activity
Under
our 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 1996 Plan, we granted stock
options, stock bonuses and other awards to our employees, directors
and consultants as deemed appropriate by the
Board. Options granted were subject to different vesting
terms as determined by the Board and the maximum term of options
granted was 10 years. On June 14, 2006, the 1996 Plan
expired and was replaced with the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, or
the 2006 Plan. Upon the expiration of the 1996 Plan, no
shares had been granted to consultants and 732,456 shares out of an
aggregate of 18,300,000 shares of common stock were authorized and
available for grant.
Under
our 2006 Plan, we granted stock options, stock bonuses and other
awards to our employees, directors and consultants as deemed
appropriate by the Board. Options granted were subject
to different vesting terms as determined by the Board and the
maximum term of options granted was 10 years. On June 5,
2012, the 2006 Plan was terminated and replaced with the 2012
Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2012 Plan. The 2012 Plan
was approved by the Board on March 16, 2012 and by our shareholders
on June 5, 2012. There were 942,602 shares out of an
aggregate of 3,082,456 shares of common stock authorized and
available for grant upon the termination of the 2006
Plan.
The
2012 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options,
non-statutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted
stock unit awards, stock appreciation rights, performance stock
awards and other forms of equity compensation to our employees,
consultants and directors as deemed appropriate by the
Board. Both incentive and non-statutory stock options
granted by us under the 2012 Plan must carry an exercise price of
at least 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the
date of grant. Incentive stock options must carry an
exercise price of at least 110% of the fair market value of our
common stock on the date of grant for persons possessing 10% or
more of the total combined voting power of all classes of
stock. Options granted may be subject to different
vesting terms as determined by the Board and the maximum term of
options granted is 8 years. In addition, the maximum
number of shares of common stock available for future issuance may
not exceed the sum of (a) 942,602 and 34,976 shares of common
stock remaining available for issuance under the 2006 Plan and the
1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan, or the 1996
NEDSOP, respectively, as of June 5, 2012, (b) an additional
3,100,000 shares and (c) the number of shares subject to stock
awards as of June 5, 2012 under the 2006 Plan and the 1996
NEDSOP pursuant to the terms of the 2006 Plan and the 1996
NEDSOP. As of the end of the first quarter of fiscal
2013, 4,676,349 shares were available for future grants under the
2012 Plan. All awards to date under the 2012 Plan have
been granted to our employees and directors, and none have been
granted to consultants.
Under
the 1996 NEDSOP, we granted stock options to non-employee
directors. Options granted were subject to different
vesting terms as determined by the Board and the maximum term of
options granted was 10 years. On June 5, 2012, the 1996
NEDSOP was terminated. Upon the termination of the 1996
NEDSOP, no shares had been granted to anyone for their role as a
consultant to the company and 34,976 shares out of an aggregate of
720,000 shares of common stock were authorized and available for
grant.
In
June 1996, the Board adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or
the Stock Purchase Plan. The Stock Purchase Plan
provides for the issuance of up to 1,350,000 shares of common stock
to our employees. All eligible employees are granted
identical rights to purchase common stock for each Board authorized
offering under the Stock Purchase Plan. Rights granted
pursuant to any offering under the Stock Purchase Plan terminate
immediately upon cessation of an employee’s employment for
any reason. In general, an employee may reduce their
contribution or withdraw from participation in an offering at any
time during the purchase period for such
offering. Employees receive a 15% discount on shares
purchased under the Stock Purchase Plan. Rights granted
under the Stock Purchase Plan are not transferable and may be
exercised only by the person to whom such rights are
granted. The initial offering under the Stock Purchase
Plan commenced October 24, 1996 and terminated
December 31, 1996. Subsequent offerings have
occurred every six months commencing January 1,
1997. As of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013, 652,254
shares could still be sold to
employees under the Stock Purchase Plan. Compensation
expense for the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012 was $89,000
and $42,000, respectively, related to the fair value of the rights
granted to participants under the plan.
In
June 2012, we granted non-employee directors an aggregate of 21,008
shares of restricted common stock under the 2012
Plan. In March 2012 and June 2011, we granted
non-employee directors an aggregate of 515 and 25,387 shares of
restricted common stock, respectively, under the 2006
Plan. Restricted shares generally vest in one
installment in the year subsequent to the grant
year. All awarded common shares remain restricted (i.e.,
not transferable by the holders) until such time as the recipient
is no longer a member of our Board. The value of these
grants is expensed over the vesting period. During the
first quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012, $50,000 and $49,000, respectively, was
expensed.
In
April 2012, we granted an independent consultant 2,525 shares of
restricted common stock under the 2006 Plan. This grant
was substantially similar to the restricted common stock granted to
non-employee directors described above except that vesting occurred
in full after providing six months of continuous service to the
company. As of the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2012, we had recorded
the entire $25,000 charge related to this
grant.
In
March 2012, we granted Lisa Harper an option to purchase 100,000
shares of our common stock under the 2006 Plan. This
100,000 share option is subject to a service condition as well as a
performance condition that the company achieves a defined earnings
target in fiscal year 2012. The defined earnings target
was achieved and certified by the Compensation Committee of the
Board on March 4, 2013.
In
March 2011, in connection with her appointment as Chief Executive
Officer, we granted Lisa Harper an option to purchase 500,000
shares of our common stock under the 2006 Plan. This
500,000 share option vested only upon a vesting determination which
was made by the Compensation Committee of the Board on May
23,
2013. The option would have terminated on the day
following the third anniversary of the date of grant if the vesting
determination had not been made. The vesting
determination had to be made at any time on or before the third
anniversary of the date of grant when the Compensation Committee of
the Board certified that the weighted average per share closing
price of the company’s common stock for any trailing 90
trading days equaled or exceeded twice the closing price per share
on the date of grant.
In March 2011, we granted certain employees the option to purchase
an aggregate of 214,000 shares of our common stock, net of
forfeitures, under the 2006 Plan. These share options
were subject to four-year vesting, but vesting occurred in full
upon the occurrence of the vesting determination by the
Compensation Committee of the Board on May 23,
2013, as described above. As of the end of the
first quarter of fiscal 2013, we had recorded the entire $1.1
million charge related to this grant, including $0.1 million
related to the accelerated option vesting.
Prior
to and effective as of the effective time of the proposed Merger
with Sycamore discussed in more detail in “NOTE 1 –
Organization and Basis of Presentation” referred to as the
"Effective Time", we will take all necessary action to accelerate
the vesting of each outstanding option under our 1996 Plan, 1996
NEDSOP, 2006 Plan and 2012 Plan, collectively referred to as
the "Stock Plans". At the "Effective Time", each outstanding option
under a Stock Plan will vest and be cancelled and converted into
the right to receive the excess, if any, of the per share Merger
consideration over the exercise price of the option, multiplied by
the number of shares subject to such option, less all applicable
tax withholdings. Prior to the Effective Time, we will
take all necessary action to accelerate the vesting of each share
of restricted stock granted and outstanding under the Stock Plans,
and each such share of restricted stock will be treated as a share
of common stock for purposes of the Merger Agreement. We will
terminate our Employee Stock Purchase Plan prior to the Effective
Time and will not permit any new offering period to begin prior to
the Effective Time. All statements below that refer to
compensation expense expected to be recognized over weighted
average periods do not consider the anticipated vesting
acceleration related to the proposed Merger.
The
following table summarizes stock options outstanding under all of
our plans as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal
2013:
The
total fair value of shares vested during the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012 is $1.4
million and $0.9 million, respectively.
Cash
proceeds, tax benefits and intrinsic values related to total stock
options exercised during the first
quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012 are provided in the
following table (in thousands):
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Expense We account for stock-based
compensation expense by estimating the fair value of stock options
granted, except for certain stock options granted in March 2011
that are subject to the vesting determination described above,
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing formula and a single option
award approach. The fair value is then amortized over
the requisite vesting periods of the awards. As
stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately
expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated
forfeitures.
We
estimate the fair values of the share options granted in March
2011, that were subject to the vesting determination, using a Monte
Carlo simulation valuation model. Prior to full
vesting that occurred upon the vesting determination on May
23,
2013, the
fair values of the options to purchase the aggregate of
214,000 shares, net of forfeitures, were
amortized over the vesting period determined by this
model. The entire fair value of the 500,000 share
option was recognized as compensation expense during fiscal
2011.
The
effect of recording stock-based compensation for the first quarter
of fiscal 2013 and 2012 was as follows (in thousands):
For
the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012, $248,000 and $161,000,
respectively, of stock-based compensation expense was recorded as a
component of cost of goods sold and the remainder, $0.7 and $0.8
million, respectively, was charged to selling, general and
administrative expense.
As
of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012, we had $5.3 million and $8.0
million, respectively, of unrecognized expense related to
non-vested stock option grants (with the exception of Lisa Harper’s 100,000 stock options
granted in March 2012 that were subject to the performance
condition, and the aggregate of 214,000 stock options granted in March 2011 that were
subject to the vesting determination), which are expected to
be recognized over weighted average periods of 2.36 years and 2.95
years, respectively.
As
of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012, we had
$132,000 and $319,000, respectively, of unrecognized expense
related to Lisa Harper’s option
to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock granted in March
2012 that were subject to the performance condition, which
are expected to be recognized over weighted average periods of 2.92
years and 3.92 years, respectively. This option
to purchase 100,000 shares has a
$3.44 weighted average fair value at grant
date.
As
of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013, we did not have any
unrecognized expense related to the options to purchase an
aggregate of 214,000 shares of our common stock granted in March
2011 that were subject to the vesting determination made by the
Compensation Committee of the Board on May 23,
2013. As of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2012,
we had $0.4 million of unrecognized expense related to these
options which were expected to be recognized over a weighted
average period of 2.92 years.
As
of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2013 and 2012, we had
$17,000 and $38,000, respectively, of unrecognized expense related
to restricted stock grants, which are expected to be recognized
over weighted average periods of 0.09 years and 0.13 years,
respectively.
Calculation of Fair Value of Options The
Black-Scholes option valuation model used to determine the fair
value of stock-based compensation for all options, except
for those granted in March 2011 that
were subject to the vesting determination, incorporates
various assumptions including the expected term of awards,
volatility of stock price, risk-free rates of return and dividend
yield. The expected term of an award is generally no
less than the option vesting period and is based on our historical
experience. Expected volatility is based upon the
historical volatility of our stock price. The risk-free
interest rate is approximated using rates available on U.S.
Treasury securities with a remaining term equal to the
option’s expected life. The dividend yield is
based on the expected dividend yield as of the date of option
grant.
The
following weighted average assumptions were used in the
Black-Scholes option valuation model for stock options
granted:
A
Monte Carlo simulation was
used to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation for
the stock options granted in March
2011 that were subject to the vesting
determination. This risk neutral model is based on
projections of stock price paths and incorporates various
assumptions including the early
exercise behavior, volatility of stock price, risk-free
rates of return and dividend yield. Expected volatility
is based upon the historical volatility of our stock
price. The risk-free interest rate is approximated using
rates available on U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining term
equal to the option’s contractual life. The
dividend yield is based on the expected dividend yield as of the
date of option grant.
The
following weighted average assumptions were used in the
Monte Carlo simulation valuation
model for the stock options
granted in March 2011 that were subject to the vesting
determination:
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