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Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Statement [line items]      
Gross deferred tax assets $ 8,051 $ 7,832 $ 8,344
Deferred tax assets 3,739 3,743  
Gross deferred tax liabilities (6,998) (7,159) (7,552)
Deferred tax liabilities (2,686) (3,070)  
Net deferred tax balance 1,053 673 792
Movement in deferred tax balance [roll forward]      
Net deferred tax balance at beginning of period 673 792  
Credited/(charged) to income 655 309  
Charged to equity 1 (35)  
Credited/(charged) to other comprehensive income (43) (317)  
Impact of business combinations (244) (46)  
Other movements 11 (30)  
Net deferred tax balance at end of period 1,053 673 792
Offsetting of deferred tax assets and liabilities within the same tax jurisdiction 4,312 4,089  
Deferred tax assets 3,739 3,743  
Deferred tax liabilities (2,686) (3,070)  
Property, plant and equipment [member]      
Statement [line items]      
Gross deferred tax assets 158 125 189
Gross deferred tax liabilities (343) (381) (430)
Net deferred tax balance (185) (256) (241)
Movement in deferred tax balance [roll forward]      
Net deferred tax balance at beginning of period (256) (241)  
Credited/(charged) to income 69 (27)  
Credited/(charged) to other comprehensive income (2)    
Other movements 4 12  
Net deferred tax balance at end of period (185) (256) (241)
Intangible assets [member]      
Statement [line items]      
Gross deferred tax assets 1,726 1,307 1,351
Gross deferred tax liabilities (4,785) (4,704) (5,269)
Net deferred tax balance (3,059) (3,397) (3,918)
Movement in deferred tax balance [roll forward]      
Net deferred tax balance at beginning of period (3,397) (3,918)  
Credited/(charged) to income 628 567  
Impact of business combinations (300) (58)  
Other movements 10 12  
Net deferred tax balance at end of period (3,059) (3,397) (3,918)
Pensions and other benefit obligations of associates [member]      
Statement [line items]      
Gross deferred tax assets 739 1,026 1,137
Gross deferred tax liabilities (420) (591) (340)
Net deferred tax balance 319 435 797
Movement in deferred tax balance [roll forward]      
Net deferred tax balance at beginning of period 435 797  
Credited/(charged) to income (5) (22)  
Credited/(charged) to other comprehensive income (104) (323)  
Other movements (7) (17)  
Net deferred tax balance at end of period 319 435 797
Inventories [member]      
Statement [line items]      
Gross deferred tax assets 2,214 2,273 2,502
Gross deferred tax liabilities (138) (148) (159)
Net deferred tax balance 2,076 2,125 2,343
Movement in deferred tax balance [roll forward]      
Net deferred tax balance at beginning of period 2,125 2,343  
Credited/(charged) to income (43) (215)  
Other movements (6) (3)  
Net deferred tax balance at end of period 2,076 2,125 2,343
Tax loss carryforwards [member]      
Statement [line items]      
Gross deferred tax assets 425 374 507
Gross deferred tax liabilities     (10)
Net deferred tax balance 425 374 497
Movement in deferred tax balance [roll forward]      
Net deferred tax balance at beginning of period 374 497  
Credited/(charged) to income 5 (121)  
Impact of business combinations 55 12  
Other movements (9) (14)  
Net deferred tax balance at end of period 425 374 497
Other assets, provisions and accruals [member]      
Statement [line items]      
Gross deferred tax assets 2,789 2,727 2,658
Gross deferred tax liabilities (1,312) (1,335) (1,344)
Net deferred tax balance 1,477 1,392 1,314
Movement in deferred tax balance [roll forward]      
Net deferred tax balance at beginning of period 1,392 1,314  
Credited/(charged) to income 1 127  
Charged to equity 1 (35)  
Credited/(charged) to other comprehensive income 63 6  
Impact of business combinations 1    
Other movements 19 (20)  
Net deferred tax balance at end of period $ 1,477 $ 1,392 $ 1,314