<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-26-060391.txt : 20260513
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-26-060391.hdr.sgml : 20260513
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20260513172827
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-26-060391
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		19
FILED AS OF DATE:		20260513
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20260513

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001408443
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			A8
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-295860
		FILM NUMBER:		26974743

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1111 BOUL. DR.-FREDERIK-PHILIPS, STE 420
		CITY:			MONTREAL
		STATE:			A8
		ZIP:			H4M 2X6
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(514) 336-0444

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1111 BOUL. DR.-FREDERIK-PHILIPS, STE 420
		CITY:			MONTREAL
		STATE:			A8
		ZIP:			H4M 2X6
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>tm2614252-1_s3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>S-3
<TEXT>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>tm2614252-1_s3 - none - 5.7692305s</title>
  </head>
  <body style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:595.31pt;">
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:27pt;width:541.31pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May&#160;13, 2026</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:0.5pt; text-align:right; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Registration No. 333-&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;</font>&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:1.7pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:1.2pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 1.2pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.71pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">UNITED STATES</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font>
          <br >
          <font style="font-size:9pt;letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Washington, D.C. 20549</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:7pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 7pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:4.7pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:16.5pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">FORM S-3</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">UNDER</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 5.00000000000001pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:9.21pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:16.5pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:-1.5pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:4.7pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 4.70000000000002pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <table style="width:541.31pt;margin-top:2.5pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10.77pt;white-space:normal;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.66pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Qu&#233;bec</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:1.8pt; text-align:center; line-height:8pt;font-weight:normal;font-size:8pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(State or other jurisdiction of</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">incorporation or organization) </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.65pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Not applicable</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:1.8pt; text-align:center; line-height:8pt;font-weight:normal;font-size:8pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(I.R.S. Employer</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Identification Number)</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:10.2pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">1111 Dr.&#160;Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Montr&#233;al, Qu&#233;bec CA H4M 2X6</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">(514) 336-0444</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:1pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices) </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Joseph Oliveto</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Chief Executive Officer</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Milestone Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.</font> <br ><font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">6210 Ardrey Kell Road</font><br ><font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Suite 650</font><br ><font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Charlotte, NC 28277</font><br ><font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">(514) 336-0444</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font></div>
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:3.2pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Copies to:</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:541.31pt;margin-top:3pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10.77pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:264.66pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center; line-height:10.78pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Ryan S. Sansom</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Cooley LLP</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">500 Boylston Street, 14th Floor</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Boston, MA 02116</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">(617) 937-2300</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:264.65pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center; line-height:10.78pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Francois Paradis</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">1000 De La Gaucheti&#232;re Street West,</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Suite 1100</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Montr&#233;al, Qu&#233;bec CA H3B 4W5</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">(514) 904-8100</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:8.51pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:4.7pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&#160;415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: &#9746; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule&#160;462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&#160;462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule&#160;462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.&#160;&#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule&#160;413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:541.31pt;height:31.5699999999999pt;margin-top:3pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8.97000000000003pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.66pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:18pt; line-height:9pt; text-align:left; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Large accelerated filer</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:9pt; text-align:left; margin-left:138pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9744; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.65pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:9pt; text-align:left; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Accelerated filer</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:9pt; text-align:left; margin-left:120pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9744; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:8.97000000000003pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.66pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:18pt; line-height:9pt; text-align:left; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Non-accelerated filer</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:9pt; text-align:left; margin-left:138pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9746; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.65pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:9pt; text-align:left; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Smaller reporting company</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:9pt; text-align:left; margin-left:120pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9746; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:8.97000000000003pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.66pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.65pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:9pt; text-align:left; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Emerging growth company</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:9pt; text-align:left; margin-left:120pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9744;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:6.2pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:2.5pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&#160;8(a) of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section&#160;8(a), may determine.</font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:3.2pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 3.20000000000005pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:1.3pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 1.29999999999995pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;height:660pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXPLANATORY NOTE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are filing this registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a &#8220;shelf registration&#8221; process. Under this registered &#8220;shelf,&#8221; in the future, we may, from time to time, sell any combination of the securities described herein, in one or more offerings, up to a maximum offering price of $300,000,000. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This registration statement contains two prospectuses: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a base prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale by the registrant of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $300,000,000 of our common shares, preferred shares, debt securities and/or warrants; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a sales agreement prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale by the registrant of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $100,000,000 of our common shares that may be issued and sold from time to time under a Controlled Equity Offering</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">SM</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> Sales Agreement, or the sales agreement, with Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co., as sales agent. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus other than the shares under the sales agreement will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus. The sales agreement prospectus immediately follows the base prospectus. The $100,000,000 of common shares that may be offered, issued and sold under the sales agreement prospectus is included in the $300,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by the registrant under the base prospectus. Upon termination of the sales agreement, any portion of the $100,000,000 included in the sales agreement prospectus that is not previously sold is available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus, and if no shares are sold under the sales agreement, the full $300,000,000 of securities may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;margin-bottom:35.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;min-height:775.71pt;page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="position:absolute;top:738.85pt;left:48.64pt;height:30pt;width:706.02pt;transform-origin:0pt -0pt;transform:rotate(-90deg) translate(0%, 0%);">
        <div style="text-align:justify; width:706pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.08pt;">The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</font><font style="color:#000000;letter-spacing:-0.08pt;"> </font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;min-height:706pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:87.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 13, 2026</font><font style="font-weight:normal;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="position:relative;margin-top:26pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <img src="lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg]" height="49" width="253" >
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:18pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">$300,000,000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Shares</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Preferred Shares</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Debt Securities</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">From time to time, we may offer and sell up to $300,000,000 of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. We may also offer securities as may be issuable upon conversion, redemption, repurchase, exchange or exercise of any securities registered hereunder, including any applicable anti-dilution provisions. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities, we will provide specific terms of the securities offered in a supplement to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference, before you invest in any of the securities being offered. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will sell these securities directly to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers, on a continuous or delayed basis. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; in this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts or over-allotment options will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common shares trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol &#8220;MIST.&#8221; On May&#160;12, 2026, the last reported sale price of our common shares was $1.90 per share. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to any other listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or any securities market or other exchange of the securities, if any, covered by the prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus as described on page <a href="#tRIFA">5</a> of this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:8pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The date of this prospectus is &#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199; &#8199;&#8199;, 2026.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="TOC">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:333pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:245.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;text-align:center;" colspan="4">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Page </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tATP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tATP">1</a></font><a href="#tATP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tSUM"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SUMMARY </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tSUM">2</a></font><a href="#tSUM"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tRIFA"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tRIFA">5</a></font><a href="#tRIFA"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tSNRF"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tSNRF">6</a></font><a href="#tSNRF"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tUOP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tUOP">8</a></font><a href="#tUOP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDOSC"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDOSC">9</a></font><a href="#tDOSC"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDODS"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDODS">12</a></font><a href="#tDODS"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDOW"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDOW">18</a></font><a href="#tDOW"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt;">
                <a href="#tMDBT"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT (QU&#201;BEC) </font>
                  <br >
                  <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">AND THE DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tMDBT">21</a></font><a href="#tMDBT"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tLOOS"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tLOOS">33</a></font><a href="#tLOOS"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tPOD"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tPOD">36</a></font><a href="#tPOD"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tLEMA"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tLEMA">38</a></font><a href="#tLEMA"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tEXP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">EXPERTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tEXP">38</a></font><a href="#tEXP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tWYCF"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tWYCF">39</a></font><a href="#tWYCF"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tIOCI"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tIOCI">40</a></font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:24.5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">i</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tATP">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:112pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus is a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration process. Under this shelf registration statement, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total aggregate offering price of $300,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each time we sell securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading &#8220;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,&#8221; before investing in any of the securities offered. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Neither we, nor any agent, underwriter or dealer has authorized any person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. This prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus and the information incorporated herein by reference contain summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221;</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tSUM">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="border:1pt #000 solid;margin-top:3.85pt;min-height:694pt;margin-left:57.66pt;width:480pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17.5pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SUMMARY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the risks of investing in our securities discussed under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should also carefully read the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements and related notes, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, before making an investment decision.</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to &#8220;Milestone,&#8221; &#8220;company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Company Overview</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative cardiovascular medicines. Our approved product CARDAMYST</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">TM</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> (etripamil) nasal spray is available in the United States and is the first and only U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or &#8220;FDA,&#8221; approved self-administered treatment for use by patients anywhere, anytime an attack of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, or &#8220;PSVT,&#8221; occurs. We continue to seek, either directly or through collaboration with our partners, marketing approval from regulatory agencies responsible for regions outside the United States. We are also developing etripamil for the indication of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate, or &#8220;AFib-RVR.&#8221; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are currently focusing our efforts and financial resources on (i)&#160;the commercialization of CARDAMYST</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">TM</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> (etripamil) nasal spray for the treatment of PSVT, (ii)&#160;the development of etripamil for the treatment of AFib-RVR and (iii)&#160;corporate development activities that have the potential to increase company value through strategic collaborations. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Corporate Information</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We were incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act in 2003 and continued under the Business Corporations Act (Qu&#233;bec) in 2017. Our principal executive offices are located at 1111 Dr.&#160;Frederik-Philips Blvd., Suite 420, Montr&#233;al, Qu&#233;bec, Canada H4M 2X6, and our telephone number is (514) 336-0444. In January&#160;2017, we incorporated our wholly owned subsidiary, Milestone Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Our U.S. offices are located at 6210 Ardrey Kell Rd, Suite 650, Charlotte, NC 28277 and our telephone number is (704) 848-5316. Our corporate website address is www.milestonepharma.com. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this prospectus. We have included our website in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;12b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. We may remain a smaller reporting company until we have a non-affiliate public float in excess of $250&#160;million and annual revenues in excess of $100&#160;million, or a non-affiliate public float in excess of $700&#160;million, each as determined on an annual basis. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The Securities We May Offer</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may offer common shares, preferred shares, various series of debt securities and/or warrants to purchase any of such securities, either individually or in combination, up to a total aggregate offering price of $300,000,000 from time to time in one or more offerings under this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the relevant offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable: </font>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.1316282072803E-14pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">2</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="border:1pt #000 solid;margin-top:3.85pt;min-height:694pt;margin-left:57.66pt;width:480pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17.5pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">designation or classification; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">maturity; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">original issue discount, if any; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">rates and times of payment of interest or dividends, if any; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">redemption, conversion, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">conversion or exchange prices or rates, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ranking; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">restrictive covenants, if any; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">voting or other rights, if any; and </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">important U.S. federal income tax and Canadian federal income tax considerations. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell the securities directly to investors or indirectly through underwriters, dealers or agents. We, and our underwriters, dealers or agents reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities through underwriters, dealers or agents, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement: </font>
          </div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the names of those underwriters, dealers or agents; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">details regarding over-allotment options, if any; and </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the estimated net proceeds to us. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Common Shares</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue common shares from time to time. Under our articles, each holder of common shares is entitled to receive notice of, to attend and to vote at, all annual and special meetings of our shareholders. Each common share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at all meetings, other than meetings at which only holders of another particular class or series have the right to vote. Subject and subordinate to the prior rights and privileges of the holders of our preferred shares ranking before common shares, the holders of common shares are entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by our board of directors. Subject and subordinate to the prior payment to the holders of our preferred shares ranking before common shares, in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary, or other distribution of our assets among our shareholders for the purposes of winding-up our affairs, the holders of common shares are entitled to share pro&#160;rata in the distribution of our remaining property and assets. The holders of common shares have no preemptive, conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common shares. There is no provision in our articles requiring the holders of common shares to contribute additional capital or permitting or restricting the issuance of additional securities or any other material restrictions. The rights and privileges of the holders of common shares will be subject to and may be adversely affected by, the rights and privileges of the holders of any series of preferred shares that we may designate in the future or any other class or series of shares that may be created and that would rank senior to the common shares. </font>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.1316282072803E-14pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="border:1pt #000 solid;margin-top:3.85pt;min-height:694pt;margin-left:57.66pt;width:480pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17.5pt;margin-bottom:24pt; margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Preferred Shares</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to our articles, we may issue preferred shares at any time and from time to time, in one or more series. Under our articles, we are authorized to issue, without shareholder approval, an unlimited number of preferred shares, issuable in one or more series, and, subject to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act (Qu&#233;bec), or the QBCA, having such designations, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions, including dividend and voting rights and calculation methods, as our board of directors may determine, and such rights and privileges, including voting, dividend, asset distribution and return of capital rights, may be superior to those of the common shares. Any convertible preferred shares we may issue will be convertible into our common shares or exchangeable for our other securities. Conversion may be automatic, mandatory or at the holder&#8217;s option and would be at prescribed conversion rates. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If we sell any series of preferred shares under this prospectus, we will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of such series of preferred shares, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, in the articles of amendment containing a description of such series. Before issuing a series of preferred shares, we will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, any articles and certificates of amendment that describe the terms of the series of preferred shares that we are offering. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of preferred shares being offered, as well as the complete articles and certificates of amendment that contain the terms of the applicable series of preferred shares. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Debt Securities</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. The senior debt securities will rank equally with any other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner described in the instrument governing the debt, to all of our senior indebtedness. Convertible debt securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares or other securities. Conversion may be automatic, mandatory or at the holder&#8217;s option and would be at prescribed conversion rates. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The debt securities issued under this prospectus will be issued under one or more documents called indentures, which are contracts between us and a national banking association or other eligible party, as trustee. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the debt securities. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. A form of indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Warrants</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue warrants for the purchase of common shares, preferred shares and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common shares, preferred shares and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. Forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants being offered have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue. Warrants may be issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of warrants being offered.</font>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.1316282072803E-14pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tRIFA">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:476pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926032415/mist-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025</a>, any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before deciding whether to purchase any of the securities being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Each of the risk factors described in the documents referenced above could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities, and the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">5</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tSNRF">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference contain forward-looking statements. These are based on our management&#8217;s current beliefs, expectations and assumptions about future events, conditions and results and on information currently available to us. Discussions containing these forward- looking statements may be found, among other places, in the Sections entitled &#8220;Business,&#8221; &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and &#8220;Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations&#8221; contained in the documents incorporated herein. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as &#8220;aim,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;assume,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;contemplate,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;design,&#8221; &#8220;due,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;goal,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;objective,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;positioned,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;target,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;would&#8221; or the negative or plural of those terms, and similar expressions intended to identify statements about the future, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these statements. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any statements in this prospectus, or incorporated by reference herein, about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and are forward-looking statements. Within the meaning of Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act and Section&#160;21E of the Exchange Act, these forward-looking statements include statements regarding: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our expectations regarding the commercialization of CARDAMYST&#8482; (etripamil) nasal spray for the conversion of acute symptomatic episodes of PSVT to sinus rhythm in adults as well as our plans to develop and commercialize our product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the initiation, timing, progress, and results of our current and future clinical trials of etripamil, including our Phase&#160;3 clinical trial of etripamil for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular rate, and of our research and development programs; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to develop and, if approved by regulatory authorities, commercialize etripamil in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan through our license agreement with Everest Medicines, formerly partnered with Corxel Pharmaceuticals; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, and needs for additional financing; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to establish collaborations or obtain additional funding; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain regulatory approval of our current products for new indications and/or of our future product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our expectations regarding the potential market size and the rate and degree of market acceptance of etripamil and any future product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to fund our working capital requirements and expectations regarding the sufficiency of our capital resources; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business, etripamil, and any future product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our intellectual property position and the duration of our patent rights; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our expectations regarding government and third-party payor coverage and reimbursement; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to compete in the markets we serve; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the impact of government laws and regulations; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">developments relating to our competitors and our industry; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the effects of international trade policies, including tariffs, sanctions, and trade barriers; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">6</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:284pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">other factors that may impact our financial results; and other risks and uncertainties, including those listed under the caption &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other filings we make with the SEC. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The foregoing list of risks is not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein may include additional factors that could harm our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in, or implied by, any forward- looking statements. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur at all. You should refer to the &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; section contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward- looking statements. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">You should read this prospectus and the documents that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements in this prospectus by these cautionary statements. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">7</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tUOP">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:464pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby. Except as described in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses that we may authorize to be provided to you in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered hereby, if any, for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to invest in or acquire businesses or technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have no current plans, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus our intended use for the net proceeds received from the sale of any securities sold pursuant to the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus. Pending these uses, we plan to invest these net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing investments, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">8</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tDOSC">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following is a description of the material terms of our common shares and preferred shares as set forth in our articles. The following description of our share capital is intended as a summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles and all amendments thereto, which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and to the applicable provisions of the QBCA.</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">General</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our share capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares, no par value per share, and an unlimited number of preferred shares, no par value per share. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Common Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Outstanding Shares</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As of March&#160;31, 2026, we had 117,794,417 common shares issued and outstanding, which were held by approximately 21 shareholders of record. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Voting Rights</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under our articles, each holder of common shares is entitled to receive notice of, to attend and to vote at all meetings of our shareholders, except meetings at which only holders of another particular class or series shall have the right to vote. At each such meeting at which a holder of common shares is entitled to vote, each common share shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Dividends</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject and subordinate to the prior rights of the holders of our preferred shares ranking before the common shares, the holders of common shares are entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by our board of directors. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Liquidation</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject and subordinate to the prior payment to the holders of our preferred shares ranking before the common shares, in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up or other distribution of our assets among our shareholders for the purposes of winding-up our affairs, the holders of common shares are entitled to share pro&#160;rata in the distribution of our remaining property and assets. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Rights and Preferences</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The holders of common shares have no preemptive, conversion rights or other subscription rights. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common shares. There is no provision in our articles requiring the holders of common shares to contribute additional capital or permitting or restricting the issuance of additional securities or any other material restrictions. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common shares will be subject to and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any series of preferred shares that we may designate in the future or any other class or series of shares that may be created and that would rank senior to the common shares. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Preferred Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We do not have any preferred shares issued and outstanding. Under our articles, we are authorized to issue, without shareholder approval, an unlimited number of preferred shares, issuable in one or more series, and, subject to the provisions of the QBCA, having such designations, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions, including voting, dividend, asset distribution and return of capital rights, as our board of directors may determine, and such rights and privileges, including voting, dividend, asset distribution and return of capital rights, may be superior to those of the common shares. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">9</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to the filing with the applicable enterprise registrar of the articles of amendment containing a description of such series of preferred shares and the issuance of the certificate of amendment by the enterprise registrar, preferred shares could be issued relatively quickly with terms designed to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred shares may have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common shares and may adversely affect the voting power of holders of common shares and reduce the likelihood that common shareholders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation, dissolution, winding-up or other distribution of assets. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our board of directors will fix the designations, voting powers, preferences and rights of each series, as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of the preferred shares of each series that we offer under this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplements in the articles of amendment relating to that series. Before issuing a series of preferred shares, we will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, any articles and certificate of amendment that describes the terms of such series of preferred shares. The description of such series of preferred shares in any applicable registration statement, prospectus supplement or report filed with the SEC will include, to the extent applicable: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the title and stated value; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the number of shares we are offering; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the liquidation preference per share; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the purchase price per share; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the dividend rate per share, dividend period and payment dates and method of calculation for dividends; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our right, if any, to defer payment of dividends and the maximum length of any such deferral period; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.09pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.09pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the provisions for a sinking fund, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any listing of the preferred shares on any securities exchange or market; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the preferred shares will be convertible into our common shares or other securities of ours, including depositary shares and warrants, and, if applicable, the conversion period, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and under what circumstances it may be adjusted; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the preferred shares will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange period, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and under what circumstances it may be adjusted; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">voting rights, if any, of the preferred shares; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">preemption rights, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether interests in the preferred shares will be represented by depositary shares; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a discussion of any material or special U.S. and Canadian federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred shares; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred shares as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">10</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:50pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any limitations on issuances of any class or series of preferred shares ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred shares being issued as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications or restrictions of the preferred shares. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Section&#160;191 of the QBCA provides for a general rule that a special resolution that favours certain shareholders of a class or series of shares or changes prejudicially the rights attaching to all the shares of a class or series of shares must be approved by the shareholders of that class or series. The same applies to a special resolution authorizing the articles to be amended in order to allow the board of directors to change prejudicially the rights attaching to all the shares of a class or series of shares without shareholder authorization. Such approval is given by a special resolution adopted separately by the holders of each class or series of shares concerned, whether or not the shares otherwise carry voting rights. Such approval is not required if (i)&#160;the special resolution changes prejudicially in the same manner the rights attaching to all the shares issued by the corporation or (ii)&#160;under the amendment to the articles authorized by the special resolution, it is only possible to change prejudicially the rights attaching to all the shares issued by the corporation. This general rule in Section&#160;191 of the QBCA may give rise to separate class or series votes in addition to any other vote or approval requirement set out in the QBCA or the articles. Therefore, to the extent provided for in the QBCA, the holders of preferred shares or series of preferred shares, as holders of distinct class or series of shares, would in certain circumstances have the right to vote separately as a class or as a series, as the case may be. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Options</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As of March&#160;31, 2026, 13,146,497 common shares were issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.60 per common share. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Transfer Agent and Registrar</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is Computershare Investor Services Inc., with an address of 650 de Maisonneuve Blvd W., 7th Floor, Montr&#233;al, Quebec, H3A 3T2. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Nasdaq Global Select Market Listing</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common shares are listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol&#160;&#8220;MIST&#8221;. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Advance Notice Procedures and Shareholder Proposals</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, shareholders may make shareholder proposals for matters, including the nomination of a director, to be considered at the annual meeting of shareholders. Such proposals must be sent to us in advance of any proposed meeting by delivering a timely written notice in proper form to our registered office in accordance with the requirements of the QBCA. The notice must include information on the business the shareholder intends to bring before the meeting. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In addition, the QBCA and our bylaws require that shareholders provide us with advance notice of their intention to nominate any persons for election to our board of directors at a meeting of shareholders. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These provisions in the QBCA and our bylaws could have the effect of delaying the nomination of certain persons for director that are favored by the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">11</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tDODS">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will issue the debt securities under the indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act. We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the indenture is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">General</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as &#8220;discount securities,&#8221; which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with &#8220;original issue discount,&#8221; or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the title of the series of debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any limit upon the aggregate principal amount that may be issued; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the maturity date or dates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the form of the debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the applicability of any guarantees; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the debt securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if the price (expressed as a&#160;percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such debt securities will be issued is a price other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such debt securities that is convertible into another security or the method by which any such portion shall be determined; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">12</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.29pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.29pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder&#8217;s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the debt securities of that series and any security for our obligations with respect to such debt securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of debt securities of that series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the debt securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a global security or securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which such global security or securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities; and the depositary for such global security or securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon which such debt securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at our option or the holders&#8217; option) conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of debt securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the covenants applicable to the particular debt securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation, merger or sale covenant; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the events of default with respect to the securities and any change in the right of the trustee or the holders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such securities to be due and payable; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of the indenture; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of the indenture both with and without the consent of holders of debt securities issued under the indenture; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether interest will be payable in cash or additional debt securities at our or the holders&#8217; option and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we will pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the debt securities of the series to any holder that is not a &#8220;United States person&#8221; for federal tax purposes; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the debt securities of the series; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">13</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, any other additions or changes in the provisions of the indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Conversion or Exchange Rights</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares or our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of our common shares or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Consolidation, Merger or Sale</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets (other than a subsidiary of ours) must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or the debt securities, as appropriate. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Events of Default under the Indenture</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any series of debt securities, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90&#160;days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any series of debt securities as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to such series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the debt securities or the indenture, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90&#160;days after we receive written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such is a notice of default thereunder, from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">14</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to the terms of the indenture, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred by the trustee in compliance with the request; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90&#160;days after the notice, request and offer. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Modification of Indenture; Waiver</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt securities of any series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to comply with the provisions described above under &#8220;Description of Debt Securities &#8212; Consolidation, Merger or Sale;&#8221; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to add to our covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the indenture; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">15</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided above under &#8220;Description of Debt Securities&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;General&#8221; to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under any indenture by a successor trustee; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In addition, under the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">extending the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any series of any debt securities; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">reducing the&#160;percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Discharge</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">provide for payment; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">pay principal of and premium and interest on any debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">maintain paying agencies; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">hold monies for payment in trust; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">recover excess money held by the trustee; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">compensate and indemnify the trustee; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">appoint any successor trustee. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Form, Exchange and Transfer</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to that series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any book-entry securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">16</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:4.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:4.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15&#160;days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:3.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:3.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:9.63pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Information Concerning the Trustee</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Payment and Paying Agents</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two&#160;years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Governing Law</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is applicable. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">17</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tDOW">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and in any related free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common shares, preferred shares or debt securities and may be issued in one or more series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Warrants may be offered and issued independently or together with common shares, preferred shares or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have filed forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants that may be offered as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, if any, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectuses, and the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">General</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of warrants being offered, including, to the extent applicable: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the title of such securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the offering price or prices and aggregate number of warrants offered; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the currency or currencies for which the warrants may be purchased; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at which, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase common shares or preferred shares, the number of shares of common shares or preferred shares, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which, and the currency in which, these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the effect of any arrangement, amalgamation, merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of any rights to force the exercise of the warrants; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">18</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:42pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a discussion of any material or special U.S. and Canadian federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase common shares or preferred shares, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up or to exercise voting rights, if any. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Exercise of Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent in connection with the exercise of the warrant. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Governing Law</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the warrants and warrant agreements, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to the warrants or warrant agreements, will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, or, generally, with respect to, among other things, corporate law operations, in which case the QBCA may be applicable. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">19</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:512pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">20</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tMDBT">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">MATERIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT (QU&#201;BEC) AND THE DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are governed by the QBCA, which is generally similar to laws applicable to U.S. corporations. Significant differences between the QBCA and the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL, which governs companies incorporated in the State of Delaware, include the differences summarized below. This summary is not an exhaustive review of the two statutes, and reference should be made to the full text of both statutes for particulars of the differences. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-bottom:5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Number and Election of Directors</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, the board of directors must consist of at least one director. The number of directors shall be fixed by the bylaws of the corporation, unless the certificate of incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number of directors shall only be made by an amendment of the certificate of incorporation. Under the DGCL, directors are elected at annual stockholder meetings by plurality vote of the stockholders, unless a shareholder&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;adopted bylaw prescribes a different required vote. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, the board of directors of a corporation must consist of at least three members, at least two of whom must not be officers or employees of the corporation or an affiliate of the corporation, so long as the corporation remains a &#8220;reporting issuer&#8221; for purposes of the QBCA, which includes a corporation that has made a distribution of securities to the public. Under the QBCA, directors are elected by the shareholders, in the manner and for the term, not exceeding three&#160;years, set out in the corporation&#8217;s bylaws. Our bylaws provide that our directors are elected at each annual meeting of shareholders at which such an election is required. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Removal of Directors</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except (i)&#160;unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, in the case of a corporation whose board of directors is classified, stockholders may effect such removal only for cause, or (ii)&#160;in the case of a corporation having cumulative voting, if less than the entire board of directors is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against his removal would be sufficient to elect him if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board of directors, or, if there are classes of directors, at an election of the class of directors of which he is a part. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, unless the articles of a corporation provide for cumulative voting (which is not the case for us), shareholders of the corporation may, by resolution passed by a majority of the vote cast thereon at a special meeting of shareholders, remove any or all directors from office and may elect any qualified person to fill the resulting vacancy. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">21</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Vacancies on the Board of Directors</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office (even though less than a quorum) or by a sole remaining director unless (i)&#160;otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation or (ii)&#160;the certificate of incorporation directs that a particular class of stock is to elect such director, in which case a majority of the other directors elected by such class, or a sole remaining director elected by such class, will fill such vacancy. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, vacancies that exist on the board of directors may generally be filled by the board if the remaining directors constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum, the remaining directors shall call a meeting of shareholders to fill the vacancy. If the directors refuse or fail to call a meeting or if there are no directors then in office, the meeting may be called by any shareholder. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Board of Director Quorum and Vote Requirements</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, a majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business unless the certificate of incorporation or bylaws require a greater number. The bylaws may lower the number required for a quorum to one-third the number of directors, but no less.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:6pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, the board of directors may take action by the majority vote of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present unless the certificate of incorporation or bylaws require a greater vote. </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, subject to the corporation&#8217;s bylaws, a majority of the directors in office constitutes a quorum at any meeting of the board. Our bylaws also provide that a majority of the directors in office constitutes a quorum at any meeting of the board.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:6pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, a quorum of directors may exercise all the powers of the directors despite any vacancy on the board. </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Transactions with Directors and Officers</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The DGCL generally provides that no transaction between a corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between a corporation and any other corporation or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers, are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the board or committee which authorizes the transaction, or solely because any such director&#8217;s or officer&#8217;s votes are counted for such purpose, if (i)&#160;the material facts as to the director&#8217;s or officer&#8217;s interest and as to the transaction are known to </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, every director or officer of a corporation must disclose the nature and value of any interest he or she has in a contract or transaction to which the corporation is a party. For the purposes of this rule, &#8220;interest&#8221; means any financial stake in a contract or transaction that may reasonably be considered likely to influence decision-making. Furthermore, a proposed contract or a proposed transaction, including related negotiations, is considered a contract or transaction. In addition, a director or an officer must disclose any contract or transaction to which the corporation and any of the following are a party: (i)&#160;an associate of the director or officer; (ii)&#160;a group </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">22</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the board of directors or the committee, and the board or committee in good faith authorizes the transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum (ii)&#160;the material facts as to the director&#8217;s or officer&#8217;s interest and as to the transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii)&#160;the transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the board of directors, a committee or the stockholders. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">of which the director or officer is a director or officer; or (iii)&#160;a group in which the director or officer or an associate of the director or officer has an interest. Such disclosure is required even for a contract or transaction that does not require approval by the board of directors. If a director is required to disclose his or her interest in a contract or transaction, such director is not allowed to vote on any resolution to approve, amend or terminate the contract or transaction or be present during deliberations concerning the approval, amendment or termination of such contract or transaction, unless the contract or transaction (i)&#160;relates primarily to the remuneration of the director or an associate of the director as a director, officer, employee or mandatory of the corporation or an affiliate of the corporation, (ii)&#160;is for indemnity or liability insurance under the QBCA, or (iii)&#160;is with an affiliate of the corporation, and the sole interest of the director is as a director or officer of the affiliate.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:6pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If a director or officer does not disclose his or her interest in accordance with the QBCA, or (in the case of a director) votes in respect of a resolution on a contract or transaction in which he or she is interested contrary to the QBCA, the corporation or a shareholder may ask the court to declare the contract or transaction null and to require the director or officer to account to the corporation for any profit or gain realized on it by the director or officer or the associates of the director or officer, and to remit the profit or gain to the corporation, according to the conditions the court considers appropriate. However, the contract or transaction may not be declared null if it was approved by the board of directors and the contract or transaction was in the interest of the corporation when it was approved, </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;white-space:normal;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">nor may the director or officer concerned, in such a case, be required to account for any profit or gain realized or to remit the profit or gain to the corporation. In addition, the contract or transaction may not be declared null if it was approved by ordinary resolution by the shareholders entitled to vote who do not have an interest in the contract or transaction, the required disclosure was made to the shareholders in a sufficiently clear manner and the contract or transaction was in the best interests of the corporation when it was approved, and if the director or officer acted honestly and in good faith, he or she may not be required to account for the profit or gain realized and to remit the profit or gain to the corporation. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Limitation on Liability of Directors</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, a corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation may include a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation and its stockholders for damages arising from a breach of fiduciary duty as a director. However, no provision can limit the liability of a director for:</font>
              </div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">intentional or negligent payment of unlawful dividends or stock purchases or redemptions; or</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The QBCA does not permit the limitation of a director&#8217;s liability as the DGCL does. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 19.833pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Indemnification of Directors and Officers</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 19.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The DGCL permits indemnification for derivative suits only for expenses (including legal fees) and only if the person is not found liable, unless a </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 19.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, a corporation must indemnify a director or officer, a former director or officer or a person who acts or acted at the </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">24</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">court determines the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to the indemnification. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">corporation&#8217;s request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity of another group (who is referred to in this document as an indemnifiable person) against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the indemnifiable person on the exercise of the person&#8217;s functions or arising from any investigative or other proceeding in which the person is involved if:</font>
              </div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the person acted honestly and loyally in the interest of the corporation or other group, and</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of a proceeding enforceable by a monetary penalty, the person had reasonable grounds for believing the person&#8217;s conduct was lawful.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style="margin-top:8pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The QBCA also provides that a corporation must advance moneys to an indemnifiable person for the costs, charges and expenses incurred in connection with such proceeding.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:8pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In the case of a derivative action, indemnity may be made only with court approval. </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 19.583pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Call and Notice of Shareholder Meetings</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 19.583pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, an annual or special stockholder meeting is held on such date, at such time and at such place as may be designated by the board of directors or any other person authorized to call such meeting under the corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation or bylaws. If an annual meeting for election of directors is not held on the date designated or an action by written consent to elect directors in lieu of an annual meeting has not been taken within 30&#160;days after the date designated for the annual meeting, or if no date has been designated, for a period of 13&#160;months after the later of the last annual meeting or the last action by written consent to elect directors in lieu of an annual meeting, the </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 19.583pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, an annual meeting of shareholders must be held no later than 15&#160;months after holding the last preceding annual meeting. Under the QBCA, the directors of a corporation may call a special meeting at any time. In addition, holders of not less than 10% of the issued shares of a corporation that carry the right to vote at a meeting sought to be held may requisition the directors to call a meeting of shareholders for the purposes stated in the requisition. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">25</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:8.5pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;white-space:normal;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Delaware Court of Chancery may summarily order a meeting to be held upon the application of any stockholder or director. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Shareholder Action by Written Consent</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, a majority of the stockholders of a corporation may act by written consent without a meeting unless such action is prohibited by the corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, a written resolution signed by all the shareholders of a corporation who would have been entitled to vote on the resolution at a meeting is effective to approve the resolution. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Shareholder Nominations and Proposals</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Not applicable. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, a shareholder entitled to vote at a shareholders&#8217; meeting may submit a shareholder proposal relating to matters which the shareholder wishes to propose and discuss at an annual shareholders&#8217; meeting and, subject to such shareholder&#8217;s compliance with the prescribed time periods and other requirements of the QBCA pertaining to shareholder proposals, the corporation is required to include such proposal in the information circular pertaining to any annual meeting at which it solicits proxies, subject to certain exceptions. Notice of such a proposal must be provided to the corporation at least 90&#160;days before the anniversary date of the notice of meeting for the last annual shareholders&#8217; meeting.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:6pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In addition, the QBCA requires that any shareholder proposal that includes nominations for the election of directors must be signed by one or more holders of shares representing in the aggregate not less than five per cent of the shares or five per cent of the shares of a class of shares of the corporation entitled to vote at the meeting to which the proposal is to be presented.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:6pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our bylaws require shareholders wishing to nominate directors or propose business for a meeting of shareholders to give timely advance notice in writing, as described in our bylaws. </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">26</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Shareholder Quorum and Vote Requirements</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, quorum for a stock corporation is a majority of the shares entitled to vote at the meeting unless the certificate of incorporation or bylaws specify a different quorum, but in no event may a quorum be less than one-third of the shares entitled to vote. Unless the DGCL, certificate of incorporation or bylaws provide for a greater vote, generally the required vote under the DGCL is a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy, except for the election of directors which requires a plurality of the votes cast. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, unless the bylaws otherwise provide, the holders of a majority of the shares of a corporation entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders, whether present in person or represented by proxy, constitute a quorum. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Generally, under the DGCL, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock entitled to vote is required to approve a proposed amendment to the certificate of incorporation, following the adoption of the amendment by the board of directors of the corporation, provided that the certificate of incorporation may provide for a greater vote. Under the DGCL, holders of outstanding shares of a class or series are entitled to vote separately on an amendment to the certificate of incorporation if the amendment would have certain consequences, including changes that adversely affect the rights and preferences of such class or series. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, amendments to the articles generally require the approval of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution. Specified amendments may also require the separate approval of other classes of shares. If the amendment is of a nature affecting a particular class or series in a manner requiring a separate class or series vote, that class or series is entitled to vote on the amendment whether or not it otherwise carries the right to vote. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Amendment of Bylaws</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, after a corporation has received any payment for any of its stock, the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws shall be vested in the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however, that any corporation may, in its certificate of incorporation, provide that bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the board of directors. The fact that such power has been conferred upon the board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, the directors may, by resolution, make, amend or repeal any bylaws that regulates the business or affairs of the corporation. Where the directors make, amend or repeal a bylaw, they are required under the QBCA to submit that action to the shareholders at the next meeting of shareholders and the shareholders may ratify, reject or amend that action by simple majority, or ordinary resolution. If the action is rejected by shareholders, or the directors of a corporation do not submit the action to the shareholders at the next meeting of </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">27</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;white-space:normal;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">shareholders, the action in respect of the bylaws will cease to be effective, and no subsequent resolution of the directors to make, amend or repeal a bylaw having substantially the same purpose or effect will be effective until it is confirmed. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Votes on Amalgamations, Mergers, Consolidations and Sales of Assets</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The DGCL provides that, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, the adoption of a merger agreement requires the approval of a majority of the outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote thereon. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, certain extraordinary corporate actions, such as amalgamations (other than with certain affiliated corporations), continuances and sales, leases or exchanges of the property of a corporation if as a result of such alienation the corporation would be unable to retain a significant part of its business activities, and other extraordinary corporate actions such as liquidations, dissolutions and (if ordered by a court) arrangements, are required to be approved by &#8220;special resolution.&#8221;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:6pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A &#8220;special resolution&#8221; is a resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by the shareholders who voted in respect of the resolution or signed by all shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution. In specified cases, a special resolution to approve the extraordinary corporate action is also required to be approved separately by the holders of a class or series of shares, including in certain cases a class or series of shares not otherwise carrying voting rights. </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Dissenter&#8217;s Rights of Appraisal</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, a stockholder of a Delaware corporation generally has the right to dissent to a, merger or consolidation in which the Delaware corporation is participating, subject to specified procedural requirements, including that such dissenting stockholder does not vote in favor of the merger or consolidation. However, the DGCL does not confer appraisal rights, in certain circumstances, including if the dissenting stockholder owns shares traded on a national securities exchange and will </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The QBCA provides that shareholders of a corporation are entitled to exercise dissent rights (called &#8220;the right to demand the repurchase of shares&#8221;) and to be paid the fair value of their shares in connection with specified matters, including:</font>
              </div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:10pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:10pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a squeeze out transaction;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">amalgamation with another corporation (other than with certain affiliated corporations);</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">amendment to the corporation&#8217;s articles to add, change or </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">28</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center; line-height:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center; line-height:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">receive publicly traded shares in the merger or consolidation. Under the DGCL, a stockholder asserting appraisal rights does not receive any payment for his or her shares until the court determines the fair value or the parties otherwise agree to a value. The costs of the proceeding may be determined by the court and assessed against the parties as the court deems equitable under the circumstances. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="margin-left:20pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">remove any provisions restricting or constraining the transfer of shares;</font>
              </div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">amendment to the corporation&#8217;s articles to add, change or remove any restriction upon the businesses or businesses that the corporation may carry on;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">continuance under the laws of another jurisdiction;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">alienation of the property of the corporation or of its subsidiaries if, as a result of such alienation, the corporation is unable to retain a significant part of its business activity;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a court order permitting a shareholder to exercise his right to demand the repurchase of his shares in connection with an application to the court for an order approving an arrangement proposed by the corporation;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">certain amendments to the articles of a corporation which require a separate class or series vote by a holder of shares of any class or series. </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 25.583pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Oppression Remedy</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 25.583pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The DGCL does not provide for a similar remedy. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 25.583pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The QBCA provides an oppression remedy (called &#8220;rectification of abuse of power or iniquity&#8221;) that enables a court to make any order, whether interim or final, to rectify matters that are oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to the interests of any securityholder, director or officer of the corporation if an application is made to a court by an &#8220;applicant&#8221;. An &#8220;applicant&#8221; with respect to a corporation means any of the following:</font>
              </div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a present or former registered holder or beneficiary of securities of the corporation or any of its affiliates;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a present or former officer or director of the corporation or any of its affiliates; and</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8201;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">29</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.75pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other person who in the discretion of the court has the interest required to make the application.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style="margin-top:8pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The oppression remedy provides the court with very broad and flexible powers to intervene in corporate affairs to protect shareholders and other complainants. While conduct that is in breach of fiduciary duties of directors or that is contrary to the legal right of a complainant will normally trigger the court&#8217;s jurisdiction under the oppression remedy, the exercise of that jurisdiction does not depend on a finding of a breach of those legal and equitable rights. Furthermore, the court may order a corporation to pay the interim expenses of an applicant seeking an oppression remedy, but the applicant may be held accountable for interim costs on final disposition of the complaint (as in the case of a derivative action as described in &#8220;Shareholder Derivative Actions&#8221; below). </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Shareholder Derivative Actions</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the DGCL, stockholders may bring derivative actions on behalf of, and for the benefit of the corporation. The plaintiff in a derivative action on behalf of the corporation either must be or have been a stockholder of the corporation at the time of the transaction or must be a stockholder who became a stockholder by operation of law in the transaction regarding which the stockholder complains. A stockholder may not sue derivatively on behalf of the corporation unless the stockholder first makes demand on the corporation that it bring suit and the demand is refused, unless it is shown that making the demand would have been a futile act. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, a shareholder of a corporation may apply to a Qu&#233;bec court for leave to bring an action in the name of, and on behalf of, the corporation or any subsidiary, or to intervene in an existing action to which the corporation or any of its subsidiaries is a party, for the purpose of prosecuting, defending or discontinuing an action on behalf of the corporation or its subsidiary. Under the QBCA, no action may be brought and no intervention in an action may be made unless a court is satisfied that:</font>
              </div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:10pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the shareholder has given the required 14-day notice to the directors of the corporation or the subsidiary of the shareholder&#8217;s intention to apply to the court if the directors do not bring, diligently prosecute or defend or discontinue the action;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">30</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.75pt 0pt 2.833pt 0pt; width:156pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the shareholder is acting in good faith; and</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style=" float:left; margin-left:8pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:8pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:16pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">it appears to be in the interests of the corporation or the relevant subsidiary that the action be brought, prosecuted, defended or discontinued.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
              <div style="margin-top:8pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA, the court in a derivative action may make any order it thinks fit. In addition, under the QBCA, a court may order the corporation or its relevant subsidiary to pay the shareholder&#8217;s interim costs, including reasonable legal fees and disbursements. </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 5.75pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Anti-Takeover and Ownership Provisions</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 5.75pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless an issuer opts out of the provisions of Section&#160;203 of the DGCL, Section&#160;203 generally prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a &#8220;business combination&#8221; with a holder of 15% or more of the corporation&#8217;s voting stock (as defined in Section&#160;203), referred to as an interested stockholder, for a period of three&#160;years after the date of the transaction in which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder, except as otherwise provided in Section&#160;203. For these purposes, the term &#8220;business combination&#8221; includes mergers, assets sales and other similar transactions with an interested stockholder. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 5.75pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">While the QBCA does not contain specific anti- takeover provisions with respect to &#8220;business combinations,&#8221; rules and policies of certain Canadian securities regulatory authorities, including Multilateral Instrument 61&#8201;&#8211;&#8201;101 &#8212; Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions, or Multilateral Instrument 61-101, contain requirements in connection with, among other things, &#8220;related party transactions&#8221; and &#8220;business combinations&#8221;, including, among other things, any transaction by which an issuer directly or indirectly engages in the following with a related party: acquires, sells, leases or transfers an asset, acquires the related party, acquires or issues treasury securities, amends the terms of a security if the security is owned by the related party or assumes or becomes subject to a liability or takes certain other actions with respect to debt.</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:6pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The term &#8220;related party&#8221; includes directors, senior officers and holders of more than 10% of the voting rights attached to all outstanding voting securities of the issuer or holders of a sufficient number of any securities of the issuer to materially affect control of the issuer.</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8201;</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">31</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:395.5pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;text-align:left;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">QBCA </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:156pt;white-space:normal;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Multilateral Instrument 61&#8201;&#8211;&#8201;101 requires, subject to certain exceptions, the preparation of a formal valuation relating to certain aspects of the transaction and more detailed disclosure in the proxy material sent to security holders in connection with a related party transaction including related to the valuation. Multilateral Instrument 61&#8201;&#8211;&#8201;101 also requires, subject to certain exceptions, that an issuer not engage in a related party transaction unless the shareholders of the issuer, other than the related parties, approve the transaction by a simple majority of the votes cast</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">32</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tLOOS">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depositary or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the &#8220;holders&#8221; of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names, as &#8220;indirect holders&#8221; of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Book-Entry Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Global securities will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for global securities, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Street Name Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may terminate a global security or issue securities that are not issued in global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in &#8220;street name.&#8221; Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not legal holders, of those securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Legal Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee or third party employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">33</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture, or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Special Considerations for Indirect Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">how it handles securities payments and notices; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether it imposes fees or charges; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">how it would handle a request for the holders&#8217; consent, if ever required; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary&#8217;s rules and procedures will affect these matters. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Global Securities</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under &#8220;&#8212; Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.&#8221; As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued as a global security, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Special Considerations for Global Securities</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As an indirect holder, an investor&#8217;s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor&#8217;s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">34</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:14pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If securities are issued only as global securities, an investor should be aware of the following: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non- global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in the global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the depositary&#8217;s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor&#8217;s interest in the global security; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary&#8217;s actions or for its records of ownership interests in the global security, nor will we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in the global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">financial institutions that participate in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in the global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own names, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, a global security will terminate when the following special situations occur: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90&#160;days; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and neither we nor any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">35</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tPOD">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. We may distribute securities from time to time in one or more transactions: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at negotiated prices. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may also sell equity securities covered by this registration statement in an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;415 under the Securities Act. Such offering may be made into an existing trading market for such securities in transactions at other than a fixed price on or through the facilities of Nasdaq or any other securities exchange or quotation or trading service on which such securities may be listed, quoted or traded at the time of sale. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Such at the market offerings, if any, may be conducted by underwriters acting as principal or agent. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents&#8217; or underwriters&#8217; compensation; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any public offering price; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by an overallotment or other option. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities, and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">36</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:236pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related to any offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All securities we may offer, other than common shares, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time. These transactions may be effected on any exchange or over-the-counter market or otherwise. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any underwriters or agents who are qualified market makers on Nasdaq may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on Nasdaq in accordance with Rule&#160;103 of Regulation&#160;M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker&#8217;s bid, however, the passive market maker&#8217;s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">37</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tLEMA">&#8203;</a><a name="tEXP">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:456pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless the applicable prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the validity of the securities in respect of which this prospectus, and any supplement thereto, is being delivered and certain legal matters with respect to Canadian law will be passed upon by Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP, Montr&#233;al, Canada. Certain matters in respect of U.S. securities laws may be opined upon by Cooley LLP. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXPERTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">38</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tWYCF">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:396pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities we are offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">You may read our SEC filings, including this registration statement, over the Internet at the SEC&#8217;s website at www.sec.gov. We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and we must file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These reports, proxy statements and other information are available on the website of the SEC referred to above. We also maintain a website at www.milestonepharma.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">39</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tIOCI">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:70pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The SEC file number for the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus is 001-38899. The documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus contain important information that you should read about us. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following documents are incorporated by reference into this document: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926032415/mist-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025, filed with the SEC on March&#160;20, 2026</a>; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the information specifically incorporated by reference in our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926032415/mist-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025, which was filed with the SEC on March&#160;20, 2026</a>, from our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926052880/tm2616218d1_def14a.htm">Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule&#160;14A relating to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which was filed with the SEC on April&#160;30, 2026</a>; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three&#160;months ended March&#160;31, 2026, which was filed with the SEC on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926059752/mist-20260331x10q.htm">May&#160;13, 2026</a>; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926001099/tm261989d1_8k.htm">January&#160;6, 2026</a>, <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926003038/tm262948d1_8k.htm">January&#160;13, 2026</a> and <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926006483/tm263973d1_8k.htm">January&#160;26, 2026</a>, to the extent the information in such reports is filed and not furnished; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the description of our common shares contained in our Registration Statement on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465919027182/a18-41190_88a12b.htm">Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on May&#160;6, 2019</a>, including any amendments or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Notwithstanding the statements in the preceding paragraphs, no document, report or exhibit (or portion of any of the foregoing) or any other information that we have &#8220;furnished&#8221; to the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act shall be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus all documents (other than current reports furnished under Item&#160;2.02 or Item&#160;7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items) that are filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections&#160;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i)&#160;after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, or (ii)&#160;after the date of this prospectus but prior to the termination of the offering. These documents include periodic reports, such as Annual Reports on Form&#160;10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus, including exhibits that are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. You should direct any requests for documents to Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., Attn: Company Secretary; 1111 Dr.&#160;Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montr&#233;al, Qu&#233;bec, Canada H4M 2X6. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of the document to the extent that a statement contained in this document or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes the statement.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">40</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;min-height:775.71pt;page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="position:absolute;top:738.85pt;left:48.64pt;height:30pt;width:706.02pt;transform-origin:0pt -0pt;transform:rotate(-90deg) translate(0%, 0%);">
        <div style="text-align:justify; width:706pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.08pt;">The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</font><font style="color:#000000;letter-spacing:-0.08pt;"> </font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;min-height:706pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:87.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Subject to Completion, dated May&#160;13, 2026.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS</font> <br ><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(To Prospectus Dated &#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199; &#8199;&#8199;, 2026) </font></div>
        <div style="position:relative;margin-top:10pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <img src="lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg]" height="49" width="253" >
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Up to $100,000,000</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have entered into a Controlled Equity Offering</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">SM</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> Sales Agreement, or the sales agreement, with Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co., or Cantor, dated May&#160;13, 2026, relating to the sale of our common shares offered by this prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the sales agreement, under this prospectus, we may offer and sell common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 from time to time through Cantor, acting as our sales agent. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common shares are listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, under the trading symbol &#8220;MIST.&#8221; On May&#160;12, 2026, the last reported sale price of our common shares on Nasdaq was $1.90&#160;per share. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Sales of our common shares, if any, under this prospectus may be made in sales deemed to be &#8220;at the market offerings&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Cantor is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of our common shares, but will act as our sales agent and use commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the common shares requested to be sold by us, consistent with its normal sales and trading practices, on mutually agreed terms between Cantor and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Cantor will be entitled to compensation under the terms of the sales agreement at a fixed commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold under the sales agreement. See &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; beginning on page <a href="#tPOD1">12</a> for additional information regarding Cantor&#8217;s compensation. In connection with the sale of our common shares on our behalf, Cantor will be deemed to be an &#8220;underwriter&#8221; within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of Cantor will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to Cantor with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; under federal securities laws and as such, have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and may elect to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements in future filings. See &#8220;Prospectus Summary&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company and a Non-Accelerated Filer.&#8221; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors,&#8221; beginning on page <a href="#tRIFA1">5</a> of this prospectus and the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:41pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:20pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.36pt;">Cantor</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.36pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:41pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The date of this prospectus is &#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199; &#8199;&#8199;, 2026.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="TOC2">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:387.5pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:203.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;text-align:center;" colspan="4">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Page </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tATP1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tATP1">1</a></font><a href="#tATP1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tPROSP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</font> </a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <a href="#tPROSP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">2</font></a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tOFFG"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">THE OFFERING</font> </a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <a href="#tOFFG"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4</font></a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tRIFA1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tRIFA1">5</a></font><a href="#tRIFA1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tSNRF1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tSNRF1">7</a></font><a href="#tSNRF1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDIL"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DILUTION </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDIL">9</a></font><a href="#tDIL"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tUOP1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tUOP1">11</a></font><a href="#tUOP1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tPOD1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tPOD1">12</a></font><a href="#tPOD1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tLEMA1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tLEMA1">13</a></font><a href="#tLEMA1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tEXP1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">EXPERTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tEXP1">14</a></font><a href="#tEXP1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tSOPA"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITIES </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tSOPA">15</a></font><a href="#tSOPA"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tWYCF1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tWYCF1">16</a></font><a href="#tWYCF1"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tIOCI1"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tIOCI1">17</a></font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">i</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tATP1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:32pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This document is part of a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and is in two parts. Under the shelf registration statement we may offer shares of our common shares, preferred shares, debt securities and warrants, including common shares or preferred shares upon conversion of debt securities, common shares upon conversion of preferred shares, or common shares, preferred shares or debt securities upon the exercise of warrants, having an aggregate offering price of up to a total dollar amount of $300,000,000. Under this prospectus, we may offer common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 from time to time under this prospectus at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus describes the terms of this offering of our common shares and also adds to and updates information contained in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference into this prospectus that was filed with the SEC before the date of this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date (for example, a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus), the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Neither we nor Cantor have authorized any person to provide any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We and Cantor take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein is accurate only as of the respective dates thereof, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our securities. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus including the documents incorporated by reference herein in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the sections entitled &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information&#8221; and &#8220;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference&#8221; in this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are not, and Cantor is not, making an offer to sell our shares in any jurisdiction where the offer and sale is not permitted. The distribution of this prospectus and this offering in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, this offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. This prospectus does not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities offered by this prospectus by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offer or solicitation. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to &#8220;Milestone,&#8221; &#8220;company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; or similar references refer to Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tPROSP">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="border:1pt #000 solid;margin-top:3.85pt;min-height:694pt;margin-left:57.66pt;width:480pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17.5pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This summary highlights certain information about us, this offering and selected information contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in our common shares. For a more complete understanding of our company and this offering, we encourage you to read and consider carefully the more detailed information in this prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus and the information included in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, including the information under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus and under similar headings in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K and in subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus along with our consolidated financial statements and notes to those consolidated financial statements, before making an investment decision.</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this prospectus to &#8220;Milestone,&#8221; &#8220;company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary Milestone Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Company Overview</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative cardiovascular medicines. Our approved product CARDAMYST</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">TM</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> (etripamil) nasal spray is available in the United States and is the first and only U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or &#8220;FDA,&#8221; approved self-administered treatment for use by patients anywhere, anytime an attack of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, or &#8220;PSVT,&#8221; occurs. We continue to seek, either directly or through collaboration with our partners, marketing approval from regulatory agencies responsible for regions outside the United States. We are also developing etripamil for the indication of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate, or &#8220;AFib-RVR.&#8221; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are currently focusing our efforts and financial resources on (i)&#160;the commercialization of CARDAMYST</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;">TM</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> (etripamil) nasal spray for the treatment of PSVT, (ii)&#160;the development of etripamil for the treatment of AFib-RVR and (iii)&#160;corporate development activities that have the potential to increase company value through strategic collaborations. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Corporate Information</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We were incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act in 2003 and continued under the Business Corporations Act (Qu&#233;bec) in 2017. Our principal executive offices are located at 1111 Dr.&#160;Frederik-Philips Blvd., Suite 420, Montr&#233;al, Qu&#233;bec, Canada H4M 2X6, and our telephone number is (514) 336-0444. In January&#160;2017, we incorporated our wholly owned subsidiary, Milestone Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Our U.S. offices are located at 6210 Ardrey Kell Rd, Suite 650, Charlotte, NC 28277 and our telephone number is (704) 848-5316. Our corporate website address is www.milestonepharma.com. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this prospectus. We have included our website in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company and a Non-Accelerated Filer</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, meaning that the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates is less than $700&#160;million and our annual revenue was less than $100&#160;million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i)&#160;the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates is less than $250&#160;million or (ii)&#160;our annual revenue was less than $100&#160;million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available as of the determination date and the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates is less than $700&#160;million. As a smaller reporting company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company, we may present only the two most recent fiscal&#160;years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding </font>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.1316282072803E-14pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">2</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="border:1pt #000 solid;margin-top:3.85pt;min-height:694pt;margin-left:57.66pt;width:480pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17.5pt;min-height:660pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">executive compensation. If investors consider our common shares less attractive as a result of our election to use the scaled-back disclosure permitted for smaller reporting companies, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our share price may be more volatile. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Additionally, as a non-accelerated filer, we may continue to rely on the exception from compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section&#160;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended. </font>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.1316282072803E-14pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tOFFG">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="border:1pt #000 solid;margin-top:3.85pt;min-height:694pt;margin-left:57.66pt;width:480pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17.5pt;margin-bottom:11pt; margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">THE OFFERING</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="width:168pt;">
            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Common Shares Offered by Us</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-left:192pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:264pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="width:168pt;">
            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Common Shares to be Outstanding After This Offering</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-left:192pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:264pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Up to 170,425,995 common shares, assuming sales of 52,631,578 common shares in this offering at an assumed offering price of $1.90 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common shares on Nasdaq on May&#160;12, 2026. The actual number of shares issued will vary depending on the sales prices at which our common shares are sold under this offering. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="width:168pt;">
            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Plan of Distribution</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-left:192pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:264pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8220;At the market offering&#8221; that may be made from time to time through our sales agent, Cantor. See &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; on page&#160;<a href="#tPOD1">12</a> of this prospectus. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="width:168pt;">
            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Use of Proceeds</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-left:192pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:264pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. See &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; on page <a href="#tUOP1">11</a> of this prospectus. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="width:168pt;">
            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Risk Factors</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-left:192pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:264pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investing in our common shares involves significant risks. See &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; on page <a href="#tRIFA1">5</a> of this prospectus, and under similar headings in other documents that we have filed or that are filed after the date hereof and incorporated by reference into this prospectus. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="width:168pt;">
            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Symbol</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div style="margin-left:192pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:264pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8220;MIST&#8221; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The number of our common shares to be outstanding after this offering is based on an aggregate of 117,794,417 common shares outstanding as of March&#160;31, 2026, and excludes the following: </font>
          </div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">13,146,497 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.60 per share; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1,482,710 common shares reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan, as well as any future increases in the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">671,000 common shares reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Inducement Plan, or the 2021 Plan, as well as any future increases in the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">2,145,794 common shares reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Employee Share Purchase Plan, or the ESPP, as well as any future increases in the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">16,412,925 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of&#8201;$0.001 per share; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">up to 16,613,940 common shares, of which (a)&#160;11,427,055 common shares are issuable upon the conversion of Milestone&#8217;s senior secured convertible promissory notes, or the Notes, and (b)&#160;5,186,885 additional common shares, which represents the maximum number of additional common shares issuable in connection with an adjustment to the conversion rate of the Notes if a holder of Notes exercises its conversion right upon the occurrence of certain transactions; </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">up to 15,705,662 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding Series&#160;A common warrants, at an exercise price of $1.50 per share; and </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
          <div style=" margin-top:5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
            <!--blacklining:none;-->
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">up to 34,335,669 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding Series&#160;B common warrants, at an exercise price of $1.875 per share. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of outstanding options, pre-funded warrants or Notes after March&#160;31, 2026.</font>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-left:12pt;width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
            <br >
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.1316282072803E-14pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tRIFA1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our common shares, you should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described below and under the section titled &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926032415/mist-20251231x10k.htm">our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025</a>, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus in their entirety, as updated or superseded by the risks and uncertainties described under similar headings in the other documents that are filed after the date hereof and incorporated by reference into this prospectus, together with other information in this prospectus, the information and documents incorporated by reference herein, and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our shares, and the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations. Please also read carefully the section below titled &#8220;Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.&#8221; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Additional Risks Related to This Offering</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">You may experience immediate and substantial dilution.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The offering price per share in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value per share of our common shares outstanding prior to this offering. Assuming that an aggregate of 52,631,578 of our common shares are sold at a price of $1.90 per share, the last reported sale price of our common shares on Nasdaq on May&#160;12, 2026, for aggregate gross proceeds of $100,000,000, and after deducting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, you would experience immediate dilution of $1.13&#160;per share, representing the difference between our as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2026 after giving effect to this offering at the assumed offering price. The exercise of outstanding share options would result in further dilution of your investment. See the section entitled &#8220;Dilution&#8221; below for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you would incur if you participate in this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Because the sales of the shares offered hereby will be made directly into the market or in negotiated transactions, the prices at which we sell these shares will vary and these variations may be significant. Purchasers of the shares we sell, as well as our existing shareholders, will experience significant dilution if we sell shares at prices significantly below the price at which they invested. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional common shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing shareholders. The price per share at which we sell additional common shares, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common shares, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The actual number of shares we will issue and gross proceeds resulting from those sales in this offering, at any one time or in total, is uncertain.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to certain limitations in the sales agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver an issuance notice to Cantor at any time throughout the term of the offering under this prospectus. The number of shares that are sold by Cantor after delivering an issuance notice will fluctuate based on the market price of the common shares during the sales period and limits we set with Cantor in any instruction to sell shares, and the demand for our common shares during the sales period. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate based on the market price of our common shares during the sales period, it is not possible at this stage to predict the number of shares or the gross proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales, if any, that will be ultimately issued. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">5</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:372pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The common shares offered hereby will be sold in &#8220;at the market offerings,&#8221; and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold, and there is no minimum or maximum sales price. Investors may experience a decline in the value of their shares as a result of share sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Our management will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering and might apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways with which you do not agree and in ways that may impair the value of your investment.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. Pending these uses, we expect to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing obligations, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States. Our management has broad discretion as to the use of these proceeds and you will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of these proceeds. We might apply these proceeds in ways with which you do not agree, or in ways that do not yield a favorable return. If our management applies these proceeds in a manner that does not yield a significant return, if any, on our investment of these net proceeds, it could compromise our ability to pursue our growth strategy and adversely affect the market price of our common shares. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">6</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tSNRF1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our strategy, future financial condition, future operations, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth, are forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as &#8220;aim,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;assume,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;contemplate,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;design,&#8221; &#8220;due,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;goal,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;objective,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;positioned,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;target,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;would&#8221; and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks described in the section titled &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and elsewhere in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein, or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. Within the meaning of Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act and Section&#160;21E of the Exchange Act, these forward-looking statements include statements regarding: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our expectations regarding the commercialization of CARDAMYST&#8482; (etripamil) nasal spray for the conversion of acute symptomatic episodes of PSVT to sinus rhythm in adults as well as our plans to develop and commercialize our product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the initiation, timing, progress, and results of our current and future clinical trials of etripamil, including our Phase&#160;3 clinical trial of etripamil for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular rate, and of our research and development programs; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to develop and, if approved by regulatory authorities, commercialize etripamil in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan through our license agreement with Everest Medicines, formerly partnered with Corxel Pharmaceuticals; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, and needs for additional financing; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to establish collaborations or obtain additional funding; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain regulatory approval of our current products for new indications and/or of our future product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our expectations regarding the potential market size and the rate and degree of market acceptance of etripamil and any future product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to fund our working capital requirements and expectations regarding the sufficiency of our capital resources; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business, etripamil, and any future product candidates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our intellectual property position and the duration of our patent rights; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our expectations regarding government and third-party payor coverage and reimbursement; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to compete in the markets we serve; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the impact of government laws and regulations; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">developments relating to our competitors and our industry; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">7</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:172pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the effects of international trade policies, including tariffs, sanctions, and trade barriers; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">other factors that may impact our financial results; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our anticipated use of proceeds from this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The foregoing list of risks is not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein, or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering may include additional factors that could harm our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein, or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur at all. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the section entitled &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus, as may be updated from time to time by our future filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for us in connection with this offering. You should carefully review all of these factors. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, do not protect any forward-looking statements that we make in connection with this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein, or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for us in connection with this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein, or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for us in connection with this offering may also contain estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets for certain diseases, including data regarding the estimated size of those markets. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">8</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tDIL">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DILUTION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investors purchasing our common shares in this offering may experience substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of their common shares. Our historical net tangible book value as of March&#160;31, 2026 was $34.8&#160;million, or $0.30 per common share. Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our total tangible assets, less total liabilities, by the number of common shares outstanding as of March&#160;31, 2026. Dilution with respect to net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of common shares in this offering and the net tangible book value per share of our common shares immediately after this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">After giving effect to the sale of 52,631,578 common shares in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $1.90 per share, the last reported sale price of our common shares on Nasdaq on May&#160;12, 2026, and after deducting estimated commissions and offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March&#160;31, 2026 would have been $131.5 million, or $0.77 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.47 per share to existing shareholders and immediate dilution of $1.13 per share to investors purchasing our common shares in this offering at the public offering price. The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis: </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:82pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:386.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Assumed public offering price per share </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:13.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">1.90 </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:386.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Net tangible book value per share as of March&#160;31, 2026</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:13.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">0.30</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:386.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Increase in adjusted net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:13.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">0.47</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:386.59pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;">
              <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of March&#160;31, 2026, after giving effect to this offering </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:13.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">0.77 </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:386.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Dilution per share to investors purchasing our common shares in this offering </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:13.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">1.13</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8.4pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The table above assumes for illustrative purposes that an aggregate of 52,631,578 common shares are sold during the term of the sales agreement with Cantor at a price of $1.90 per share, the last reported sale price of our common shares on Nasdaq on May&#160;12, 2026, for aggregate gross proceeds of $100.0&#160;million. The shares subject to the sales agreement with Cantor are being sold from time to time at various prices. An increase of&#8201; $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $1.90&#160;per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our common shares in the aggregate amount of $100.0&#160;million during the term of the sales agreement with Cantor is sold at that price, would increase our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering to $0.86 per share and would increase the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering to $2.04 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. A decrease of&#8201; $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $1.90 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our common shares in the aggregate amount of $100.0 million during the term of the sales agreement with Cantor is sold at that price, would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering to $0.57 per share and would decrease the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering to $0.33 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. This information is supplied for illustrative purposes only. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The above discussion and table are based on 117,794,417 common shares outstanding as of March&#160;31, 2026, and exclude: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">13,146,497 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.60 per share; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1,482,710 common shares reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan, as well as any future increases in the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.39pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.39pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">671,000 common shares reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Inducement Plan, or the 2021 Plan, as well as any future increases in the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">9</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:320pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">2,145,794 common shares reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Employee Share Purchase Plan, or the ESPP, as well as any future increases in the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">16,412,925 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding pre-funded warrants, at an exercise price of&#8201;$0.001 per share; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">up to 16,613,940 common shares, of which (a)&#160;11,427,055 common shares are issuable upon the conversion of Milestone&#8217;s senior secured convertible promissory notes, or the Notes, and (b)&#160;5,186,885 additional common shares, which represents the maximum number of additional common shares issuable in connection with an adjustment to the conversion rate of the Notes if a holder of Notes exercises its conversion right upon the occurrence of certain transactions; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">up to 15,705,662 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding Series&#160;A common warrants, at an exercise price of $1.50 per share; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">up to 34,335,669 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding Series&#160;B common warrants, at an exercise price of $1.875 per share. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To the extent that outstanding options, pre-funded warrants or Notes outstanding as of March&#160;31, 2026 have been or may be exercised, new options or other securities are issued under our equity incentive plans or other additional common shares issued, investors purchasing our common shares in this offering may experience further dilution. We will require more capital to pursue our preclinical and clinical activities, regulatory approval and the commercialization of our current or future drug candidates. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our shareholders. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">10</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tUOP1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:468pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue and sell common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 from time to time. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. There can be no assurance that we will sell any shares under or fully utilize the sales agreement with Cantor as a source of financing. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily for working capital and general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to invest in or acquire businesses or technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have no current plans, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions as of the date of this prospectus. Pending these uses, we expect to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing obligations, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">11</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tPOD1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have entered into the sales agreement, with Cantor, under which we may offer and sell up to $100.0&#160;million of our common shares from time to time through Cantor acting as our sales agent. Sales of our common shares, if any, under this prospectus will be made by any method that is deemed to be an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each time we wish to issue and sell our common shares under the sales agreement, we will notify Cantor of the number of shares to be issued, the dates on which such sales are anticipated to be made, any limitation on the number of shares to be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. Once we have so instructed Cantor, unless Cantor declines to accept the terms of such notice, Cantor has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to solicit offers to purchase the common shares under the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the sales agreement. The obligations of Cantor under the sales agreement to sell our common shares are subject to a number of conditions that we must meet. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The settlement of sales of shares between us and Cantor is generally anticipated to occur on the first trading day following the date on which the sale was made. Sales of our common shares as contemplated in this prospectus will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and Cantor may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will pay Cantor a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds we receive from each sale of our common shares under the sales agreement. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse Cantor for the fees and expenses of its counsel, payable upon execution of the sales agreement, in an amount not to exceed $100,000 and certain ongoing fees and expenses. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding any commissions or expense reimbursement payable to Cantor under the terms of the sales agreement, will be approximately $250,000. The remaining sale proceeds, after deducting any other transaction fees, will equal our net proceeds from the sale of such shares. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Cantor will provide written confirmation to us before the open on Nasdaq on the day following each day on which our common shares are sold under the sales agreement. Each confirmation will include the number of shares sold on that day, the aggregate gross proceeds of such sales and the proceeds to us. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In connection with the sale of our common shares on our behalf, Cantor will be deemed to be an &#8220;underwriter&#8221; within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of Cantor will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to indemnify Cantor against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. We have also agreed to contribute to payments Cantor may be required to make in respect of such liabilities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The offering of our common shares pursuant to the sales agreement will terminate upon the termination of the sales agreement as permitted therein. We and Cantor may each terminate the sales agreement at any time upon ten (10) trading days&#8217; prior notice. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This summary of the material provisions of the sales agreement does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. A copy of the sales agreement is filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2026 filed with the SEC on May 13, 2026 and incorporated by reference in this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Cantor and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking, financial advisory and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they may in the future receive customary fees. In the course of its business, Cantor may actively trade our securities for its own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, Cantor may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus may be made available in electronic format on a website maintained by Cantor, and Cantor may distribute this prospectus electronically. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">12</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tLEMA1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:536pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Certain legal matters in connection with this offering relating to U.S. law will be passed upon for us by Cooley LLP. The validity of the issuance of our common shares offered in this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP, Montr&#233;al, Canada. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the sales agent by Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, New&#160;York, New York, with respect to U.S. law, and by McCarthy T&#233;trault LLP, Toronto, Canada, with respect to Canadian law. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">13</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tEXP1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:560pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXPERTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">14</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tSOPA">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:420pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF LIABILITIES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are incorporated under the laws of Canada and continued under the laws of the Province of Qu&#233;bec. Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, several of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons&#8217; assets may be located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons or to enforce against them or against us, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof. In addition, investors should not assume that the courts of Canada (i)&#160;would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us, our officers or directors, or other said persons, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or other laws of the United States or (ii)&#160;would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us or such directors, officers or experts predicated upon the United States federal securities laws or any securities or other laws of any state or jurisdiction of the United States. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In addition, there is doubt as to the applicability of the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities law to original actions instituted in Canada. It may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to assert U.S. securities laws claims in original actions instituted in Canada. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">15</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tWYCF1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:396pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities we are offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">You may read our SEC filings, including this registration statement, over the Internet at the SEC&#8217;s website at www.sec.gov. We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and we must file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These reports, proxy statements and other information are available on the website of the SEC referred to above. We also maintain a website at www.milestonepharma.com, at which you may access these materials free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">16</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tIOCI1">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:18pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The SEC allows the Company to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; the information that is filed by the Company with the SEC, which means that the Company can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The documents incorporated by reference are: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926032415/mist-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025, filed with the SEC on March&#160;20, 2026</a>; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the information specifically incorporated by reference in our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926032415/mist-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025, which was filed with the SEC on March&#160;20, 2026</a>, from our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926052880/tm2616218d1_def14a.htm">Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule&#160;14A relating to our 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which was filed with the SEC on April&#160;30, 2026</a>; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three&#160;months ended March&#160;31, 2026, which was filed with the SEC on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926059752/mist-20260331x10q.htm">May&#160;13, 2026</a>; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926001099/tm261989d1_8k.htm">January&#160;6, 2026</a>, <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926003038/tm262948d1_8k.htm">January&#160;13, 2026</a> and <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926006483/tm263973d1_8k.htm">January&#160;26, 2026</a>, to the extent the information in such reports is filed and not furnished; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the description of our common shares contained in our Registration Statement on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465919027182/a18-41190_88a12b.htm">Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on May&#160;6, 2019</a>, including any amendments or reports filed for the purposes of updating this description. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Notwithstanding the statements in the preceding paragraphs, no document, report or exhibit (or portion of any of the foregoing) or any other information that we have &#8220;furnished&#8221; to the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act shall be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All documents we file with the SEC pursuant to Sections&#160;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, other than any information furnished pursuant to Item&#160;2.02, Item&#160;7.01 or Item&#160;9.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K (unless we specifically state in such Current Report that such information is to be considered &#8220;filed&#8221; under the Exchange Act, or otherwise specifically incorporate the information by reference into this prospectus or any other filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act), on or after the date of this prospectus until the earlier of the date on which all of the securities registered hereunder have been sold or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part has been withdrawn, shall be deemed incorporated by reference in this prospectus and to be a part of this prospectus from the date of filing of those documents. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded, for purposes of this prospectus, to the extent that a statement contained in or omitted from this prospectus, or in any other subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. Except as set forth in the parenthetical in the immediately preceding paragraph, nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate information furnished, but not filed, with the SEC pursuant to Item&#160;2.02 or Item&#160;7.01 of Form 8-K. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Upon written or oral request, we will provide, without charge, to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of a prospectus is delivered, upon such person&#8217;s written or oral request, a copy of any and all of the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the information that this prospectus incorporates. Requests should be directed to Milestone Investor Relations at Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1111 Dr.&#160;Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite 420, Montr&#233;al, Qu&#233;bec, Canada H4M 2X6, or send an email to Milestone Investor Relations at ir@milestonepharma.com. You may also find these documents in the &#8220;Investors &amp; Media&#8221; section of our website, </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">www.milestonepharma.com</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">. The information on our website is not incorporated into this prospectus.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">17</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.8pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 2.8pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="position:relative;margin-top:75.96pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <img src="lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg]" height="49" width="253" >
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:78.26pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Up to $100,000,000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:84pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:84pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.24pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.24pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:84pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:20pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:18pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.36pt;">Cantor</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.36pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:84pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199; &#8199;&#8199;, 2026 </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:86.47pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 86.47pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.8pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 2.79999999999995pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PART II</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the offering of the securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee and FINRA filing fee. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:115.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SEC registration fee </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">41,430 </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">FINRA filing fee </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">
                <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;">(1)</font>
                </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Accounting fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">
                <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;">(1)</font>
                </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Legal fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">
                <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;">(1)</font>
                </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Transfer agent fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">
                <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;">(1)</font>
                </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Trustee fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">
                <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;">(1)</font>
                </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Printing and miscellaneous expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="font-size:7.5pt;">
                <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;">(1)</font>
                </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 3.25pt 0pt; width:411.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Total </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:24pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:3.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;">(1)</font>
              </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:5.8pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 108pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-top:8.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(1)</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:8.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and, accordingly, cannot be estimated at this time. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indemnification of Officers and Directors</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under the QBCA and our bylaws, we must indemnify our current or former directors and officers, agents or any other individuals who act or has acted at our request as a director or officer of a related entity, against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individual in connection with any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which such individual is involved because of his or her association with us or such a related entity. The QBCA also provides that we must also make an advance payment to such individual for costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with such a proceeding, provided, however, that such individual shall repay such advance payment if he or she does not fulfill the conditions described below. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The QBCA provides for such indemnification if the following conditions are met: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the individual acted with honesty and loyalty in our interests, or, as the case may be, in the interests of the other entity for which the individual acted as director or officer or in a similar capacity at our request; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of a proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the individual had reasonable grounds for believing that his or her conduct was lawful; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.29pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.29pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the individual was not judged by the court to have committed an intentional or gross fault. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In the case of actions by or on behalf of the Company, the Company may make such advance payments or indemnify such individuals against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by such individual in connection with such actions, only if (i)&#160;the person fulfills the conditions set forth above and (ii)&#160;a court approves such advance payments or indemnification. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The QBCA and our bylaws authorize us to purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of each of our current or former directors or officers and other agents and each person who acts or acted at our request as a director, officer or other agents or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In addition, we have entered, or intend to enter, into separate indemnity agreements with each of our directors and officers pursuant to which we agree to indemnify and hold harmless our directors and officers against any and all liability, loss, damage, cost or expense in accordance with the terms and conditions of the QBCA and our bylaws. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-1</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The Registrant has purchased and currently intends to maintain insurance on behalf of each and every person who is or was a director or officer of the Registrant against any loss arising from any claim asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, subject to certain exclusions. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The underwriting agreement, if any, entered into with respect to an offering of securities registered hereunder will provide for indemnification by any underwriters of any offering, our directors and officers who sign the registration statement and our controlling persons for some liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXHIBIT INDEX</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:368.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:9pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.167pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Exhibit</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Number </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.167pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Description of Document </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1.1* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Underwriting Agreement. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926059752/mist-20260331xex10d3.htm">Controlled Equity Offering</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926059752/mist-20260331xex10d3.htm">SM</a></font><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465926059752/mist-20260331xex10d3.htm"> Sales Agreement, by and between Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co., dated May&#160;13, 2026 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.3 to the Registrant&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-38899), filed with the SEC on May 13, 2026).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465919029792/a18-41190_11ex3d1.htm">Amended Articles of Incorporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38899), filed with the SEC on May&#160;15, 2019).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000110465919029792/a18-41190_11ex3d2.htm">Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.2 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38899), filed with the SEC on May&#160;15, 2019).</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1408443/000104746919002654/a2238612zex-4_1.htm">Form of Common Share Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit&#160;4.1 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-230846), filed with the SEC on April&#160;29, 2019).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.2* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Specimen Preferred Share Certificate and Certificate of Designation of Preferred Share. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.3 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d2_ex4-3.htm">Form of Indenture, between the Registrant and one or more trustees to be named.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.4* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Debt Securities. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.5 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d2_ex4-5.htm">Form of Common Share Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.6 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d2_ex4-6.htm">Form of Preferred Share Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.7 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d2_ex4-7.htm">Form of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">5.1</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d2_ex5-1.htm">Opinion of Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d2_ex23-1.htm">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d2_ex5-1.htm">Consent of Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP (included in Exhibit&#160;5.1).</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">24.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a href="#tSIG">Power of Attorney (included on signature page). </a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">25.1** </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Indenture. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">107 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm">Filing Fee Table.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:12.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 108pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">*</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To be filed by amendment or by a report filed under the Exchange Act and incorporated herein by reference, if applicable. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">**</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To be filed, if applicable, in accordance with the requirements of Section&#160;305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Rule&#160;5b-3 thereunder. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Undertakings</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-2</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-left:40pt; width:416pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To include any prospectus required by Section&#160;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20&#160;percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">provided, however</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13 or Section&#160;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement or are contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) that is part of this registration statement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post- effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">bona fide</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> offering thereof. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule&#160;430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule&#160;415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x)&#160;for the purpose of providing the information required by Section&#160;10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule&#160;430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">bona fide</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> offering thereof. </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Provided, however</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (i)&#160;any preliminary </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-3</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:304pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424; (ii)&#160;any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; (iii)&#160;the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and (iv)&#160;any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">bona fide</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> offering thereof. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a)&#160;of Section&#160;310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section&#160;305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-4</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tSIG">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SIGNATURES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Montr&#233;al, Province of Qu&#233;bec, Canada, on May&#160;13, 2026. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:63pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:214.81pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:0pt;" colspan="4">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:214.81pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:14.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:14.38pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">By:</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:14.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:214.81pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Joseph Oliveto </font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 214.81pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Joseph Oliveto </font>
                <br >
                <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">President and Chief Executive Officer</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:9.19pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Joseph Oliveto and Amit Hasija, and each of them, his or her true and lawful agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to (i)&#160;act on, sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement together with all schedules and exhibits thereto and any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule&#160;462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, together with all schedules and exhibits thereto, (ii)&#160;act on, sign and file such certificates, instruments, agreements and other documents as may be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, (iii)&#160;act on and file any supplement to any prospectus included in this registration statement or any such amendment or any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule&#160;462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (iv)&#160;take any and all actions which may be necessary or appropriate to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby approving, ratifying and confirming all that such agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact or any of his or her substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:266.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;min-height:9.25pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Signature </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Title </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Date </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:50.75pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:18.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Joseph Oliveto</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Joseph Oliveto </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:18.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">President, Chief Executive Officer and Director</font>
              <br >
              <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(Principal Executive Officer)</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:18.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:60pt; white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Amit Hasija</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Amit Hasija </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 5.333pt 0pt; width:254.79pt;vertical-align:bottom;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Corporate Development </font>
              <br >
              <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:57.21pt;white-space:nowrap;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Robert J. Wills</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Robert J. Wills </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chairman of the Board </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Stuart Duty</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Stuart Duty </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Seth Fischer</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Seth Fischer </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:37.5pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Lisa M. Giles</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Lisa M. Giles </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-5</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:480.5pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;height:130.5pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;min-height:9.25pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Signature </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Title </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Date </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:50.75pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:18.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Joseph Papa</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Joseph Papa </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:18.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:18.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:justify;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style=" width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Andrew Saik</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Andrew Saik </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style=" width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style=" width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:justify;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:37.5pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style=" width:120pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Michael Tomsicek</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 120pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Michael Tomsicek </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style=" width:254.79pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style=" width:57.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:justify;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;13, 2026</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-6</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style=" width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:484pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED U.S. REPRESENTATIVE OF THE REGISTRANT</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the Securities Act, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. has signed this registration statement or amendment thereto on the 13th day of May, 2026. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:63pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:214.81pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:0pt;" colspan="4">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:214.81pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:14.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:14.38pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">By:</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:3pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:14.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:214.81pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Joseph Oliveto</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 214.81pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Joseph Oliveto </font>
                <br >
                <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">President and Chief Executive Officer</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-7</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
  </body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.3
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2614252d2_ex4-3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.3
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">.,</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Iss</B>u<B>er</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>AND</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>[TRUSTEE],<BR>
Trustee</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin: 0 auto; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INDENTURE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Dated
as of [&#9679;], 20__</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin: 0 auto; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Debt
Securities</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin: 0 auto; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 1</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">DEFINITIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Definitions
    of Terms</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 2</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Designation
    and Terms of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of
    Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Denominations:
    Provisions for Payment</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution
    and Authentications</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration
    of Transfer and Exchange</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temporary
    Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mutilated,
    Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cancellation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Benefits
    of Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authenticating
    Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global
    Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CUSIP
    Numbers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 3</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice
    of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
    Upon Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sinking
    Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction
    of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Redemption
    of Securities for Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 4</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
    of Principal, Premium and Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Maintenance
    of Office or Agency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paying
    Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appointment
    to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>(continued)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 5</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company
    to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preservation
    of Information; Communications With Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports
    by the Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reports
    by the Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 6</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Events
    of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collection
    of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Application
    of Moneys Collected</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Limitation
    on Suits</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rights
    and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Control
    by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Undertaking
    to Pay Costs</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 7</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
    Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
    Rights of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trustee
    Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May&nbsp;Hold
    Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Moneys
    Held in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation
    and Reimbursement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Reliance
    on Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disqualification;
    Conflicting Interests</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
    Trustee Required; Eligibility</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation
    and Removal; Appointment of Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acceptance
    of Appointment By Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Merger,
    Amalgamation, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Preferential
    Collection of Claims Against the Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice
    of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>(continued)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 8</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence
    of Action by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proof
    of Execution by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Who
    May&nbsp;be Deemed Owners</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
    Securities Owned by Company Disregarded</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions
    Binding on Future Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 9</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
    Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
    Indentures with Consent of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect
    of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
    Affected by Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Execution
    of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 10</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">SUCCESSOR ENTITY</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company
    May&nbsp;Consolidate, Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Successor
    Entity Substituted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 11</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction
    and Discharge of Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Discharge
    of Obligations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deposited
    Moneys to be Held in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment
    of Moneys Held by Paying Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Repayment
    to Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 12</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;12.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
    Recourse</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>(continued)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1pt; text-align: center; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="4" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">article 13</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">32</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effect
    on Successors and Assigns</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Actions
    by Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Surrender
    of Company Powers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notices</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Governing
    Law; Jury Trial Waiver</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Treatment
    of Securities as Debt</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificates
    and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payments
    on Business Days</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conflict
    with Trust Indenture Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Counterparts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Separability</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compliance
    Certificates</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Patriot
    Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Force
    Majeure</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Table
    of Contents; Headings</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>INDENTURE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Indenture</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,
dated as of [&#9679;], 20__, among <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B></FONT>, a corporation
existing under the laws of the province of Qu&eacute;bec (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), and [<FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Trustee</B></FONT>],
as trustee (the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,
for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance
of debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued
from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated
by the certificate of the Trustee;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,
to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, each of the Company and
the Trustee has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,
all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company and the Trustee, in accordance with its terms, have been
done.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now,
Therefore</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, in consideration of the premises and
the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, the Company and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree as follows for the equal
and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>DEFINITIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;1.01
Definitions of Terms</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
terms defined in this Section&nbsp;(except as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or
unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective
meanings specified in this Section&nbsp;and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture
that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (except as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise
requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date
of the execution of this instrument.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Authenticating
Agent</I></B>&rdquo; means the Trustee or an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by
the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.10.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Bankruptcy
Law</I></B>&rdquo; means Title 11, U.S. Code, any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors<B>, the <I>Bankruptcy and Insolvency
Act</I> (Canada) or the <I>Companies&rsquo; Creditors Arrangement Act</I> (Canada), in each case if applicable or as amended or replaced
from time to time</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Board
of Directors</I></B>&rdquo; means the board of directors (or the functional equivalent thereof) of the Company or any duly authorized
committee of such board.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Board
Resolution</I></B>&rdquo; means a copy of a resolution certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company to have been
duly adopted by the Board of Directors (or duly authorized committee thereof) and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Business
Day</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions
in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated
by law, executive order or regulation to close.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after
the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture
Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6; Options: NewSection -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->1<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;
means Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the province of Qu&eacute;bec and, subject to the provisions
of Article&nbsp;Ten hereof, shall also include its successors and assigns.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Corporate
Trust Office</I></B>&rdquo; means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which office at the date hereof is located at .</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Custodian</I></B>&rdquo;
means any receiver, receiver manager, interim receiver, trustee, monitor, assignee, sequestrator, liquidator or similar official under
any Bankruptcy Law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Defaulted
Interest</I></B>&rdquo; has the meaning set forth in Section&nbsp;2.03.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Depositary</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global
Security, The Depository Trust Company, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section&nbsp;2.01
or 2.11.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Event
of Default</I></B>&rdquo; means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section&nbsp;6.01, continued
for the period of time, if any, therein designated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Exchange
Act</I></B>&rdquo; means the United States Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated
by the Commission thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
term &ldquo;<B><I>given</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>mailed</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>notify</I></B>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<B><I>sent</I></B>&rdquo;
with respect to any notice to be given to a Securityholder pursuant to this Indenture, shall mean notice (x)&nbsp;given to the Depositary
(or its designee) pursuant to the standing instructions from the Depositary or its designee, including by electronic mail in accordance
with accepted practices or procedures at the Depositary (in the case of a Global Security) or (y)&nbsp;mailed to such Securityholder
by first class mail, postage prepaid, at its address as it appears on the Security Register (in the case of a definitive Security). Notice
so &ldquo;given&rdquo; shall be deemed to include any notice to be &ldquo;mailed&rdquo; or &ldquo;delivered,&rdquo; as applicable, under
this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Global
Security</I></B>&rdquo; means a Security issued to evidence all or a part of any series of Securities which is executed by the Company
and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction, all in accordance
with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Governmental
Obligations</I></B>&rdquo; means securities that are (a)&nbsp;direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which
its full faith and credit is pledged or (b)&nbsp;obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United
States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated
maturity of the Securities, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to
any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian
for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized
to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect
of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary
receipt.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>herein</I></B>&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;<B><I>hereof</I>&rdquo;</B> and &ldquo;<B><I>hereunder</I></B>&rdquo;, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture
as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section&nbsp;or other subdivision.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;
means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;2.01.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Interest
Payment Date</I></B>&rdquo;, when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date
specified in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date
on which an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial
officer, a chief operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any
assistant treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; means a certificate signed by any Officer. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for
in Section&nbsp;13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Opinion
of Counsel</I></B>&rdquo; means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or
counsel for the Company, that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements
provided for in Section&nbsp;13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Outstanding</I></B>&rdquo;,
when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;8.04, as of any particular time,
all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a)&nbsp;Securities
theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have
previously been canceled; (b)&nbsp;Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations
in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall
have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that
if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have
been given as provided in Article&nbsp;Three, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and
(c)&nbsp;Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to
the terms of Section&nbsp;2.07.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Person</I></B>&rdquo;
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated
organization, any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Predecessor
Security</I></B>&rdquo; of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that
evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section&nbsp;2.07
in lieu of a mutilated<B>,</B> lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, lost, destroyed
or stolen Security.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Responsible
Officer</I></B>&rdquo; when used with respect to the Trustee means any officer within the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee (or any
successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any
of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such
matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and in each case who shall have direct
responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>&rdquo;
has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities
Act</I></B>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Securityholder</I></B>&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;<B><I>holder of Securities</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>registered holder</I></B>&rdquo;, or other similar term, means the Person
or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security is registered on the Security Register kept for that purpose in accordance with
the terms of this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Security
Register</I></B>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<B><I>Security Registrar</I></B>&rdquo; shall have the meanings as set forth in Section&nbsp;2.05.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Subsidiary</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total
voting power of shares of capital stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence
of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers, general partners or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled,
directly or indirectly, by (i)&nbsp;such Person; (ii)&nbsp;such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or (iii)&nbsp;one
or more Subsidiaries of such Person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;
means <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>,
and, subject to the provisions of Article&nbsp;Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is
more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each such Person. The term
 &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that
series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<B><I>Trust
Indenture Act</I></B>&rdquo; means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&ldquo;U.S.A.
Patriot Act&rdquo;</I></B> means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub. L. 107-56, as amended and signed into law October&nbsp;26, 2001.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUE,
DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.01
Designation and Terms of Securities</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may
be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities
of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&nbsp;</B>the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&nbsp;</B>any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of that series);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(3)&nbsp;</B>the
maturity date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(4)&nbsp;</B>the
form of the Securities of the series including the form of the certificate of authentication for such series;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(5)&nbsp;</B>the
applicability of any guarantees;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(6)&nbsp;</B>whether
or not the Securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(7)&nbsp;</B>whether
the Securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(8)&nbsp;</B>if
the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such Securities will be issued is a price other
than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity
thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities that is convertible into another security or the method
by which any such portion shall be determined;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(9)&nbsp;</B>the
interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue,
the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(10)&nbsp;</B>the
Company&rsquo;s right, if any, to defer the payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(11)
</B>if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, the Company
may at its option, redeem the series of Securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those
redemption provisions;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(12)
</B>the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which the Company is obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking
fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the Securityholder&rsquo;s option to purchase, the series of Securities
and the currency or currency unit in which the Securities are payable;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(13)
</B>the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable, if other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars
($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(14)
</B>any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security for the
obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing
of Securities of that series;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(15)
</B>whether the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities; the terms
and conditions, if any, upon which such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual Securities;
and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(16)
</B>if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon
which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will
be calculated and may be adjusted, any automatic, mandatory or optional (at the Company&rsquo;s option or the holders&rsquo; option)
conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange,
which may, without limitation, include the payment of cash as well as the delivery of securities;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(17)
</B>if other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.01;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(18)
</B>additions to or changes in the covenants applicable to the series of Securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation,
arrangement, amalgamation, merger or sale covenant;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(19)
</B>additions to or changes in the Events of Default with respect to the Securities and any change in the right of the Trustee or the
Securityholders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such Securities to be due and payable;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(20)
</B>additions to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(21)
</B>additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(22)
</B>additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of this Indenture both with and without the consent of Securityholders
of Securities issued under this Indenture;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(23)
</B>the currency of payment of Securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(24)
</B>whether interest will be payable in cash or additional Securities at the Company&rsquo;s or the Securityholders&rsquo; option and
the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(25)
</B>the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and
principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a &ldquo;United States person&rdquo; for federal
tax purposes;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(26)
</B>any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(27)
</B>any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the Securities, any other additions or changes
in the provisions of this Indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution
or in any indentures supplemental hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate
record of such action shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or
prior to the delivery of the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
of any particular series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal
is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different
dates on which such interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.02
Form&nbsp;of Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Securities of any series and the Trustee&rsquo;s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially
of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth
in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends
or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions
of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any
rule&nbsp;or regulation of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.03
Denominations: Provisions for Payment</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral
multiple thereof, subject to Section&nbsp;2.01(a)(13). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates
and at the rate specified with respect to that series. Subject to Section&nbsp;2.01(a)(23), the principal of and the interest on the
Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption or repurchase thereof prior to maturity, and any cash
amount due upon conversion or exchange thereof, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the
time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose. Each Security shall
be dated the date of its authentication in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.04. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis
of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities
of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close
of business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion
thereof is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment
Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security
as provided in Section&nbsp;3.03.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities
of the same series (herein called &ldquo;Defaulted Interest&rdquo;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the
relevant regular record date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election,
as provided in clause (1)&nbsp;or clause (2)&nbsp;below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&nbsp;</B>The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor
Securities) are registered in the Security Register at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest
proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust
for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special
record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the
proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall
promptly notify in writing the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice
of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be sent, to each Securityholder not less than
10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor
having been sent as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered in the Security Register on such special record date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&nbsp;</B>The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements
of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after
notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable
by the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof, the term &ldquo;regular record date&rdquo; as used in this Section&nbsp;with respect to a series
of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the
month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest
Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such
date is a Business Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange
for or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried
by such other Security.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.04
Execution and Authentications</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been an Officer (at the time of execution), notwithstanding the
fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an
officer of the Company for any reason. The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange
rule&nbsp;or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such
signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that
the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with
a written order of the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance
with such written order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the Company&rsquo;s delivery of any such authentication order to the Trustee at any time after the initial issuance of Securities under
this Indenture, the Trustee shall be provided with, and (subject to Sections 315(a)&nbsp;through 315(d)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act)
shall be fully protected in relying upon, (1)&nbsp;an Opinion of Counsel or reliance letter and (2)&nbsp;an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
stating that all conditions precedent to the execution, authentication and delivery of such Securities are in conformity with the provisions
of this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect
the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.05
Registration of Transfer and Exchange</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>Securities
of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, for other
Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor
the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers
not contemporaneously outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The
Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose a register or registers (herein referred
to as the &ldquo;Security Register&rdquo;) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register
the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article&nbsp;provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection
by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed
as authorized by Board Resolution or Supplemental Indenture (the &ldquo;Security Registrar&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute,
the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or
Securities of the same series as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company initially appoints the Trustee as Security Registrar for each series of Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so
required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company
or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder&rsquo;s duly authorized attorney in writing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>Except
as provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series or repurchase, conversion or exchange of less than
the entire principal amount of a Security, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.06, Section&nbsp;3.03(b)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;9.04 not involving
any transfer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->8<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>The
Company and the Security Registrar shall not be required (i)&nbsp;to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during
a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the sending of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding
Securities of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such sending, nor (ii)&nbsp;to register the transfer
of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption or surrendered for repurchase, but not validly
withdrawn, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part or not surrendered for repurchase, as the
case may be. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section&nbsp;2.11 hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed
under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between
or among Depositary participants or beneficial owners of interests in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates
and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture,
and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.06
Temporary Securities</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pending
the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary
Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in
the form of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be
appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed
by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect,
as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities
of such series and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to
the Securityholders), at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such
office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities
of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until
further written notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.07
Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding
sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company&rsquo;s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new
Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security,
or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security
shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and,
in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction
of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant&rsquo;s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such
substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance
of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that
may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
case any Security that has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead
of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated
Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require
to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the
destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->9<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Every
replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of
the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone,
and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same
series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive
with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful)
any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to
the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.08
Cancellation</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, repurchase, exchange (including in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.07),
registration of transfer or conversion shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent (or any other applicable agent), be delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu
thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of
such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence of such request the
Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the
Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or
satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.09
Benefits of Indenture</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nothing
in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties
hereto and the holders of the Securities any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under
any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the
parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.10
Authenticating Agent</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">So
long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding, there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities
which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption, repurchase or conversion thereof, and Securities so authenticated
shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee
hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication
by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that
has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under
which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws
to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating
Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may
at any time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination
to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent,
the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon
acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if
originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->10<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.11
Global Securities</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>If
the Company shall establish pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security,
then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security
that (i)&nbsp;shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding
Securities of such series, (ii)&nbsp;shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii)&nbsp;shall be delivered
by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction (or if the Depositary names the Trustee as its custodian,
retained by the Trustee), and (iv)&nbsp;shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: &ldquo;Except as otherwise provided
in Section&nbsp;2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary
or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>Notwithstanding
the provisions of Section&nbsp;2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided
in Section&nbsp;2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected
or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>If
at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90
days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred
and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary or from the Trustee, this Section&nbsp;2.11 shall no longer
be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section&nbsp;2.04, the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate
principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition,
the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that
the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such event the Company will execute
and, subject to Section&nbsp;2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company,
will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations,
and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations,
the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global
Security pursuant to this Section&nbsp;2.11(c)&nbsp;shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary,
pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver
such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.12
CUSIP Numbers</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company in issuing the Securities may use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo;
numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Securityholders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation
is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that
reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected
by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>REDEMPTION
OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.01
Redemption</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established
for such series pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->11<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.02
Notice of Redemption</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>In
case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series
in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall
cause the Trustee to, give written notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing (or
with regard to any Global Security held in book entry form, by electronic mail in accordance with the applicable procedures of the Depositary),
a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such
Securityholders, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein
provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case,
failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect
in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other
series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms
of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate evidencing
compliance with any such restriction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
such notice of redemption shall identify the Securities to be redeemed (including CUSIP numbers, if any), specify the date fixed for
redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption
price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company, upon presentation and surrender of such
Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said
date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is from a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities
of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular
Securities to be so redeemed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount
thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities
of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>If
less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days&rsquo; notice (unless
a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount
of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Securities to be redeemed shall be selected, by lot, on a pro rata basis,
or in such other manner as the Company shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a
portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities
of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the
numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular
series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the
Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given
by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee
or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom,
sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.03
Payment Upon Redemption</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>If
the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as provided in Section&nbsp;3.02, the Securities or portions of Securities
of the series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice
at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption and interest on such
Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default
in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and
surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities
shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to, but excluding,
the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an Interest Payment Date, the interest installment payable on
such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.03).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->12<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>Upon
presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate
and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the Securityholder thereof, at the expense of the Company,
a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so
presented.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.04
Sinking Fund</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
provisions of Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except
as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;2.01 for Securities of such series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory
sinking fund payment,&rdquo; and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is
herein referred to as an &ldquo;optional sinking fund payment&rdquo;. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash
amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section&nbsp;3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied
to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.05
Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company (i)&nbsp;may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii)&nbsp;may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have
been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted
optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking
fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for
by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and
credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the
sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.06
Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory
to the Trustee), the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking
fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering
and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date
the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date shall be selected in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;3.02, and
the Company shall cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided
in Section&nbsp;3.02. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Section&nbsp;3.03.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>COVENANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.01
Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that
series at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal
on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn
on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar
wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15
days prior to the relevant payment date. Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established
with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall
appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire
instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.02
Maintenance of Office or Agency</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">So
long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency with respect to each such
series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section&nbsp;4.02, where (i)&nbsp;Securities
of that series may be presented for payment, (ii)&nbsp;Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration
of transfer and exchange, and (iii)&nbsp;notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this
Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written
notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office
or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall
fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and
demands. The Company initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.03
Paying Agents</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>If
the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will
cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject
to the provisions of this Section:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&nbsp;</B>that
it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities
of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit
of the Persons entitled thereto;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&nbsp;</B>that
it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(3)&nbsp;</B>that
it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2)&nbsp;above, upon the written
request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(4)&nbsp;</B>that
it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>If
the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of
the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of
that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee
of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one
or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest
on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest
so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless
such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>Notwithstanding
anything in this Section&nbsp;to the contrary, (i)&nbsp;the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section&nbsp;is subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;11.05, and (ii)&nbsp;the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums
were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company
or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.04
Appointment to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;7.10,
a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo;
LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.01
Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a)&nbsp;within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section&nbsp;2.03)
a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as
of such regular record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that
the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b)&nbsp;at such other
times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form
and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no
such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.02
Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders
of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section&nbsp;5.01 and as to the names and addresses of
holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section&nbsp;5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>Securityholders
may communicate as provided in Section&nbsp;312(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations
under Section&nbsp;312(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;312(b)&nbsp;of the Trust
Indenture Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.03
Reports by the Company</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
Company will at all times comply with Section&nbsp;314(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act. The Company covenants and agrees to provide
(which delivery may be via electronic mail) to the Trustee within 30 days, after the Company files the same with the Commission, copies
of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the
Commission may from time to time by rules&nbsp;and regulations prescribe) that the Company is required to file with the Commission pursuant
to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to
the Trustee any correspondence filed with the Commission or any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential
treatment by the Commission; and provided further, that so long as such filings by the Company are available on the Commission&rsquo;s
Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR), or any successor system, such filings shall be deemed to have been
filed with the Trustee for purposes hereof without any further action required by the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a failure
by the Company to file annual reports, information and other reports with the Commission within the time period prescribed thereof by
the Commission shall not be deemed a breach of this Section&nbsp;5.03.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>Delivery
of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and
the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable
from information contained therein including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which the Trustee
is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate). The Trustee is under no duty to examine any such reports, information
or documents delivered to the Trustee or filed with the Commission via EDGAR to ensure compliance with the provision of this Indenture
or to ascertain the correctness or otherwise of the information or the statements contained therein. The Trustee shall have no responsibility
or duty whatsoever to ascertain or determine whether the above referenced filings with the Commission on EDGAR (or any successor system)
has occurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.04
Reports by the Trustee</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>If
required by Section&nbsp;313(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee, within sixty (60) days after each May&nbsp;1, shall send
to the Securityholders a brief report dated as of such May&nbsp;1, which complies with Section&nbsp;313(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture
Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall comply with Section&nbsp;313(b)&nbsp;and 313(c)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>A
copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each
securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the
Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>REMEDIES
OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.01
Events of Default</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>Whenever
used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, &ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo; means any one or more of the following
events that has occurred and is continuing:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&nbsp;</B>the
Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall
become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest
payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the
payment of interest for this purpose;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&nbsp;</B>the
Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same
shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking
or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities
in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium,
if any;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(3)&nbsp;</B>the
Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement
that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series)
for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such
notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo; hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified
mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time
Outstanding;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(4)&nbsp;</B>the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i)&nbsp;commences a voluntary case, (ii)&nbsp;consents to the entry
of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii)&nbsp;consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially
all of its property or (iv)&nbsp;makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(5)&nbsp;</B>a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i)&nbsp;is for relief against the Company in an involuntary
case or proceeding, (ii)&nbsp;appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii)&nbsp;orders the
liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>In
each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4)&nbsp;or clause (5)&nbsp;above), unless the principal
of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25%
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to
the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest
on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall
be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4)&nbsp;or clause (5)&nbsp;above occurs, the principal of
and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration
or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>At
any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have
been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered
as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder,
by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i)&nbsp;the Company
has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series
and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration
(with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon
overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit)
and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.06, and (ii)&nbsp;any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect
to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of
that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section&nbsp;6.06.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings
shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined
adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee
shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and
the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.02
Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
Company covenants that (i)&nbsp;in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a
series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall
have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 days, or (ii)&nbsp;in case it shall default in
the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable,
whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the Trustee,
the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall
have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be,
with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under
applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee
under Section&nbsp;7.06.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>If
the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and
unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree
against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the
manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>In
case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings
affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action
therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of
claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of
Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution
of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and
receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the
amount payable to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby
authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee
shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section&nbsp;7.06.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>All
rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that
series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other
proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of
an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section&nbsp;7.06,
be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this
Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights,
either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained
in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested
in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nothing
contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any Securityholder
thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.03
Application of Moneys Collected</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article&nbsp;with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the
following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or
premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially
paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">FIRST:
To the payment of costs and expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.06;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECOND:
To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in
respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according
to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 23 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->18<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">THIRD:
To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.04
Limitation on Suits</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any
suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or
trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless (i)&nbsp;such Securityholder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice
of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default,
as hereinbefore provided; (ii)&nbsp;the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then
Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee
hereunder; (iii)&nbsp;such Securityholder or Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the
costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; (iv)&nbsp;the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of
such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v)&nbsp;during such
90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent
with the request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything contained herein to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due
dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such
holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security
of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall
have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the
rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder,
or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all
holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder
and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.05
Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>Except
as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article&nbsp;to the Trustee or to the Securityholders
shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee
or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and
agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>No
delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of
Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such
default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article&nbsp;or
by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee
or by the Securityholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->19<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.06
Control by Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance
with Section&nbsp;8.04, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available
to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction
shall not be in conflict with any rule&nbsp;of law or with this Indenture or subject the Trustee in its sole discretion to personal liability.
Subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee
in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee&rsquo;s
duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders
not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section&nbsp;8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series
waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 with
respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on,
any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration
(unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has
been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section&nbsp;6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be
deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall
be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.07
Undertaking to Pay Costs</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Securities by such holder&rsquo;s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have
agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or
in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an
undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo;
fees and expenses, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses
made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit
instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or
premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established
pursuant to this Indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
7</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE TRUSTEE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.01
Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events
of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities
of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read
into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has
not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested
in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the
circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>No
provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&nbsp;</B>prior
to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events
of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(A)&nbsp;</B>the
duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions
of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such
duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(B)&nbsp;</B>in
the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely,
as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished
to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any
provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine
whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 25 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->20<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ii)&nbsp;</B>the
Trustee shall not be liable to any Securityholder or to any other Person for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible
Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent
facts;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(iii)&nbsp;</B>the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction
of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(iv)&nbsp;</B>none
of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for
believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate
indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(v)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers or duties hereunder;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(vi)&nbsp;</B>The
permissive right of the Trustee to do things enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as a duty of the Trustee; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(vii)&nbsp;</B>No
Trustee shall have any duty or responsibility for any act or omission of any other Trustee appointed with respect to a series of Securities
hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.02
Certain Rights of Trustee</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;7.01:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be
genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>Any
request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument
signed in the name of the Company by any authorized Officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically
prescribed herein);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the opinion or written advice of such counsel or, if requested, any Opinion of Counsel shall be
full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance
thereon;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered
to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably acceptable to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred
therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of
Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that
series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise,
as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within
the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(f)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents or inquire as to the performance
by the Company of one of its covenants under this Indenture, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section&nbsp;8.04);
provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred
by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded
to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require security or indemnity reasonably acceptable to the Trustee against such
costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the
Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(g)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with
due care by it hereunder;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(h)&nbsp;</B>In
no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising
out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents,
acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or
malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use
reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable
under the circumstances;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&nbsp;</B>In
no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever
(including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or
damage and regardless of the form of action; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(j)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee agrees to accept and act upon instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by unsecured e-mail, facsimile transmission
or other similar unsecured electronic methods; provided, however, that such instructions or directions shall be signed by an authorized
representative of the party providing such instructions or directions. If the party elects to give the Trustee e-mail or facsimile instructions
(or instructions by a similar electronic method) and the Trustee in its discretion elects to act upon such instructions, the Trustee&rsquo;s
understanding of such instructions shall be deemed controlling. The Trustee shall not be liable for any losses, costs or expenses arising
directly or indirectly from the Trustee&rsquo;s reliance upon and compliance with such instructions notwithstanding such instructions
conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction. The party providing electronic instructions agrees to assume all
risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee, including without limitation
the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk or interception and misuse by third parties. The Trustee may
request that the Company deliver an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized
at such time to furnish the Trustee with Officer&rsquo;s Certificates, Company Orders and any other matters or directions pursuant to
this Indenture;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(k)&nbsp;</B>The
rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified,
are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and under the Securities, and each agent,
custodian or other person employed to act under this Indenture; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(l)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default (other than an Event of Default constituting the failure
to pay the interest on, or the principal of, the Securities if the Trustee also serves as the paying agent for such Securities) until
the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
shall have obtained actual knowledge.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 27 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.03
Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same. The Trustee shall not be responsible for any statement in any registration statement, prospectus, or
any other document in connection with the sale of Securities. The Trustee shall not be responsible for any rating on the Securities or
any action or omission of any rating agency.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities, except, as applicable in each
case, in connection with the Trustee&rsquo;s signature thereon.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities,
or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.04
May&nbsp;Hold Securities</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities
with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.05
Moneys Held in Trust</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;11.05, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held
in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by
law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the
Company to pay thereon.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.06
Compensation and Reimbursement</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
Company shall pay to the Trustee for each of its capacities hereunder from time to time compensation for its services as the Company
and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee&rsquo;s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation
of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred
by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee&rsquo;s agents and counsel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The
Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder against any loss, liability or expense (including the
cost of defending itself and including the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee&rsquo;s agents and counsel) incurred by
it except as set forth in Section&nbsp;7.06(c)&nbsp;in the exercise or performance of its powers, rights or duties under this Indenture
as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify in writing the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Company
shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel and the Company shall
pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent
shall not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the
Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>The
Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director,
employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through negligence or bad faith.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>To
ensure the Company&rsquo;s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all funds or
property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of or interest on particular Securities. When the
Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;6.01(4)&nbsp;or (5), the
expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for services in connection therewith are to
constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;7.06 shall survive the termination
of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 28 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->23<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.07
Reliance on Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;7.01, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem
it reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action
hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence
or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate delivered
to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the
Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.08
Disqualification; Conflicting Interests</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Trustee has or shall acquire any &ldquo;conflicting interest&rdquo; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;310(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture
Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section&nbsp;310(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture
Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.09
Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a
corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers,
having a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination
by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
such corporation or other Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid
supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other
Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company
may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee.
In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section&nbsp;7.10.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.10
Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written
notice thereof to the Company and the Securityholders of such series. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly
appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board
of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor
trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the sending of such notice of resignation, the
resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities
of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months
may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such
court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>In
case at any time any one of the following shall occur:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&nbsp;</B>the
Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder
who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 29 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->24<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ii)&nbsp;</B>the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request
therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(iii)&nbsp;</B>the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding,
or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control
of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">then,
in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument,
in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed
and one copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least
six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal
of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice of resignation, if any, as it may
deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying in writing each of the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee
for such series with the prior written consent of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>Any
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any
of the provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in
Section&nbsp;7.11.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>Any
successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section&nbsp;may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all
of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.11
Acceptance of Appointment by Successor</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the
resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the
successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of any amounts due to it pursuant to the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.06,
promptly execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring
Trustee and shall promptly and duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,
the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall promptly execute and deliver
an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i)&nbsp;shall contain such provisions
as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
trustee relates, (ii)&nbsp;shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is
not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii)&nbsp;shall add to or change any of the provisions of this
Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it
being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust,
that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered
by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder;
and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective
to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the
duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities
of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee,
such retiring Trustee shall promptly and duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such
supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those
series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 30 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->25<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>Upon
request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a)&nbsp;or (b)&nbsp;of this Section,
as the case may be.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>No
successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>Upon
acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall send written notice of the succession
of such trustee hereunder to the Securityholders. If the Company fails to send such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment
by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be sent at the expense of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.12
Merger, Amalgamation, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
corporation into which the Trustee may be merged, amalgamated or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, amalgamation, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all
or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee, including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture,
shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.08
and eligible under the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.09, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but
not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, amalgamation, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating
Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had
itself authenticated such Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.13
Preferential Collection of Claims Against the Company</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Trustee shall comply with Section&nbsp;311(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section&nbsp;311(b)&nbsp;of
the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section&nbsp;311(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture
Act to the extent included therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.14
Notice of Default</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if such Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee
shall send to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section&nbsp;313(c)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act notice
of the Event of Default within the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
or written notice of it is received by the Trustee, unless such Event of Default has been cured; <I>provided, however</I>, that, except
in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected
in withholding such notice if and so long as the Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of
such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 31 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->26<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
8</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE SECURITYHOLDERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.01
Evidence of Action by Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Whenever
in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver
or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage
of that series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such
holders of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such
series for the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record
at the close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders
of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall
be computed as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the
record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six
months after the record date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.02
Proof of Execution by Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.01, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization)
or his or her agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following
manner:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The
fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The
ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section&nbsp;as it shall deem necessary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.03
Who May&nbsp;be Deemed Owners</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Prior
to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar
may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Security Registrar as the absolute
owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon
made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium,
if any, and (subject to Section&nbsp;2.03) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee
nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.04
Certain Securities Owned by Company Disregarded</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any
direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on
the Securities of that series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company
or any other obligor on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such
determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent
or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned
that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish
to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee&rsquo;s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a
Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other
obligor. In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection
to the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 32 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->27<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.05
Actions Binding on Future Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section&nbsp;8.01, of the taking of any action by the
holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture
in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities
the holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided
in Section&nbsp;8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of
any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security
issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in
regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount
of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon
the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
9</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>SUPPLEMENTAL
INDENTURES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.01
Supplemental Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and
at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act
as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>to
cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>to
comply with Article&nbsp;Ten hereof;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>to
add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series
of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities,
stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series),
to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions
or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>to
add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication,
and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(f)&nbsp;</B>to
make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(g)&nbsp;</B>to
provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section&nbsp;2.01,
to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities,
or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(h)&nbsp;</B>to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 33 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->28<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&nbsp;</B>to
comply with any requirements of the Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust
Indenture Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate
agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental
indenture that affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section&nbsp;may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent
of the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section&nbsp;9.02.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.02
Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Securityholders</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
the consent (evidenced as provided in Section&nbsp;8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized
by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto
(which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing
in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not
covered by Section&nbsp;9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that
no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a)&nbsp;extend
the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of
payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b)&nbsp;reduce the aforesaid percentage of
Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section&nbsp;to approve the particular
form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.03
Effect of Supplemental Indentures</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article&nbsp;Nine or of Section&nbsp;10.01, this Indenture
shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations
of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series
affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications, amendments
and supplements, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and
conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.04
Securities Affected by Supplemental Indentures</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
of any series affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant
to the provisions of this Article&nbsp;9 or of Section&nbsp;10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such
form meets the requirements of any securities exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental
indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of
Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated
by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->29<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.05
Execution of Supplemental Indentures</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Upon
the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon
the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall
join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee&rsquo;s
own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be
obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.01, shall receive an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article&nbsp;is
authorized or permitted by the terms of this Article&nbsp;and that all conditions precedent to the execution of the supplemental indenture
have been complied with; provided, however, that such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection
with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Promptly
after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Company
shall (or shall direct the Trustee to) send a written notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture,
to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of
the Company to send, or cause the sending of, such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the
validity of any such supplemental indenture.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
10</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>SUCCESSOR
ENTITY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;10.01
Company May&nbsp;Consolidate, Etc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nothing
contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation, arrangement, amalgamation, or merger of the Company with or into any other
Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations, arrangements, amalgamations, or mergers in which the
Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition
of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other Person (whether
or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors); provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that,
upon any such consolidation, arrangement, amalgamation, or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction)
or any such sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition (other than a sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition to a Subsidiary
of the Company), the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series
in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the
covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01
to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of
the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the
entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such
property.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;10.02
Successor Entity Substituted</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>In
case of any such consolidation, arrangement, amalgamation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption
by the successor entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of
the obligations set forth under Section&nbsp;10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed
to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor
corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>In
case of any such consolidation, arrangement, amalgamation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology
and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>Nothing
contained in this Article&nbsp;Ten shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation, arrangement, amalgamation
or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by
purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 35 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->30<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
11</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>SATISFACTION
AND DISCHARGE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.01
Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
at any time: (a)&nbsp;the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated
and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen
and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section&nbsp;2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations
have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged
from such trust, as provided in Section&nbsp;11.05); or (b)&nbsp;all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or
are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption,
and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations
or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a
written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore
delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of
maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to
such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 7.10, 11.05 and 13.04, that shall survive until
the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date and thereafter,
and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction
of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.02
Discharge of Obligations</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
at any time all such Securities of a particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become
due and payable as described in Section&nbsp;11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as
trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that
series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become
due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid
all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then, after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations,
as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall
cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10, 11.05 and 13.04 hereof
that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid, provided that, after such Securities shall mature and be paid, Sections
7.06 and 11.05 shall survive.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.03
Deposited Moneys to be Held in Trust</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be
available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to
the holders of the particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have
been deposited with the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.04
Payment of Moneys Held by Paying Agents</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent
under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall
be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 36 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->31<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.05
Repayment to Company</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment
of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by
the holders of such Securities for at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on
such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned
or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the Company on May&nbsp;31 of each year or upon the Company&rsquo;s request or (if then
held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further
liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment
shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
12</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>IMMUNITY
OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;12.01
No Recourse</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No
recourse under or upon any obligation, undertaking, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based
thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, founder, shareholder, officer or director, past, present
or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such
predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule&nbsp;of law, or by the enforcement of any
assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely
corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators,
founders, shareholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them,
because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, undertakings, covenants or agreements
contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name
and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every
such incorporator, founder, shareholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized,
or under or by reason of the obligations, undertakings, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities
or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture
and the issuance of such Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
13</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS
PROVISIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.01
Effect on Successors and Assigns</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors
and assigns, whether so expressed or not.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.02
Actions by Successor</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Any
act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer
of the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any
corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 37 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->32<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.03
Surrender of Company Powers</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the
powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any of its successor
corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.04
Notices</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted
to be given, made or served by the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying or other agent under this Indenture or by the holders
of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first
class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: . Any
notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon
the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.05
Governing Law; Jury Trial Waiver</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Indenture and each Security shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, except
to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EACH
PARTY HERETO, AND EACH HOLDER OF A SECURITY BY ACCEPTANCE THEREOF, HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW,
ANY RIGHT IT MAY&nbsp;HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THIS INDENTURE.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.06
Treatment of Securities as Debt</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of
this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.07
Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>Upon
any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other
than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.12) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and, if
requested, an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except
that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision
of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>Each
certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
in this Indenture (other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.12 of this Indenture or Section&nbsp;314(a)(1)&nbsp;of
the Trust Indenture Act) shall include (i)&nbsp;a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant
or condition; (ii)&nbsp;a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or
opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii)&nbsp;a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made
such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant
or condition has been complied with; and (iv)&nbsp;a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or
covenant has been complied with.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.08
Payments on Business Days</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Except
as provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security
or the date of redemption of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may
be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption,
and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 38 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->33<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.09
Conflict with Trust Indenture Act</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Section&nbsp;318(c)&nbsp;of
the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.10
Counterparts</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute
but one and the same instrument. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages&nbsp;by facsimile or PDF transmission
shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original
Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures
for all purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.11
Separability</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to
be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions
of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable
provision had never been contained herein or therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.12
Compliance Certificates</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were
outstanding, an officer&rsquo;s certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Event of Default that occurred during such
fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal
accounting officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company&rsquo;s performance
under this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;13.12,
such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If
the officer of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such an Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such
Event of Default and its status.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.13
U.S.A Patriot Act</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section&nbsp;326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions
and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that
identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture
agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements
of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.14
Force Majeure</B>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
no event shall the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying agent or any other agent under this Indenture be responsible or liable
for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces
beyond its control, including without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances,
nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions or utilities, communications or computer (software
and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying agent or any other agent under this
Indenture shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as
soon as practicable under the circumstances.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.15
Table of Contents; Headings.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
table of contents and headings of the articles and sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are
not intended to be considered a part hereof, and will not modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 39 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->34<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, the parties hereto have caused
this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
    Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 4%; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>[Trustee]</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">,
    as Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 0.25pt; padding-right: 0.5pt; padding-left: 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 40 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CROSS-REFERENCE
TABLE (1)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;of
                           Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended</B></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; border-bottom: black 0.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;of
                           Indenture</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">310(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.09</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">310(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.08</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">310(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">311(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">311(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">311(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">312(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.02(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">312(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.02(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">312(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.02(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.03</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.07(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.07(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(f)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.07</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">316(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.06</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">316(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">316(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">317(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.02</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">317(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.03</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">318(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.09</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 25%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)
This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its
terms or provisions.</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 41; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.5
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2614252d2_ex4-5.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.5
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.5</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>and</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U><B>,
As Warrant Agent</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Common Share<BR>
Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Dated
As Of <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc. Form&nbsp;of Common Share Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>This
Common Share Warrant Agreement</B></FONT> (this &ldquo;<B><I>Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), dated as of [&#9679;], between <B>MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS
INC.</B>, a corporation existing under the laws of the province of Qu&eacute;bec (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), and [&#9679;],
a [corporation] [national banking association] organized and existing under the laws of [&#9679;] and having a corporate trust office
in [&#9679;], as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,</B></FONT>
the Company proposes to sell [If Warrants are sold with other securities &mdash;[title of such other securities being offered] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Other
Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) with] warrant certificates evidencing one or more warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo; or, individually,
a &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant</I></B>&rdquo;) representing the right to purchase common shares, no par value per share, in the capital of the
Company (such common shares, the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), such warrant certificates and other warrant certificates
issued pursuant to this Agreement being herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Certificates</I></B>&rdquo;; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,
</B></FONT>the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection
with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant Certificates, and, in this Agreement, the
Company wishes to set forth, among other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates and the terms and conditions on which
they may be issued, registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and replaced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now
Therefore,</B></FONT> in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUANCE
OF WARRANTS AND EXECUTION AND<BR>
DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>1.1
Issuance of Warrants. </B></FONT>[<B><I>If Warrants alone</I></B> &mdash;Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or
more Warrants.] [<B><I>If Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued in connection with the issuance
of the Other Securities but shall be separately transferable and each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] Each Warrant
evidenced thereby shall represent the right, subject to the provisions contained herein and therein, to purchase one Warrant Security.
[<B><I>If Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued with the Other Securities and each Warrant
Certificate will evidence [&#9679;] Warrants for each [US$[&#9679;] principal amount] [[&#9679;] shares] of Other Securities issued.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.2 Execution and Delivery
of Warrant Certificates.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Each
Warrant Certificate, whenever issued, shall be in registered form substantially in the form set forth in <B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B> hereto,
shall be dated the date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have such letters, numbers, or other marks of identification
or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the officers of the Company executing the
same may approve (execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this
Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule&nbsp;or
regulation of any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be listed, or to conform to usage. The Warrant Certificates shall be signed
on behalf of the Company by any of its present or future chief executive officers, presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents,
chief financial officers, chief legal officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers, controllers, assistant controllers, secretaries or assistant
secretaries, as authorized by the board of directors of the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Board</I></B>&rdquo;). Such signatures may be manual
or facsimile signatures of such authorized officers and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B></FONT>No
Warrant Certificate shall be valid for any purpose, and no Warrant evidenced thereby shall be exercisable, until such Warrant Certificate
has been countersigned by the manual signature of the Warrant Agent. Such signature by the Warrant Agent upon any Warrant Certificate
executed by the Company shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate so countersigned has been duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B></FONT>In
case any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by facsimile signature shall
cease for any reason to be such officer before the Warrant Certificates so signed shall have been countersigned and delivered by the Warrant
Agent, such Warrant Certificates may be countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who signed such Warrant Certificates
ceased to be such officer of the Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the
actual date of the execution of such Warrant Certificate, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of the execution
of this Agreement any such person was not such officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B></FONT>The
term &ldquo;<B><I>holder</I></B>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<B><I>holder of a Warrant Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; as used herein shall mean any person
in whose name at the time any Warrant Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>1.3
Issuance of Warrant Certificates. </B></FONT>Warrant Certificates evidencing the right to purchase Warrant Securities may be executed
by the Company and delivered to the Warrant Agent upon the execution of this Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The Warrant Agent
shall, upon receipt of Warrant Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company, countersign such Warrant Certificates and shall deliver
such Warrant Certificates to or upon the order of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>WARRANT
PRICE, DURATION AND EXERCISE OF WARRANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>2.1
Warrant Price. </B></FONT>During the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, each Warrant shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement
and the applicable Warrant Certificate, entitle the holder thereof to purchase the number of Warrant Securities specified in the applicable
Warrant Certificate at an exercise price of $[&#9679;] per Warrant Security, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events,
as hereinafter provided. Such purchase price per Warrant Security is referred to in this Agreement as the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price.</I></B>&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>2.2
Duration of Warrants. </B></FONT>Each Warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as specified herein, on or after [the
date thereof] [&#9679;] and at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;] or such later date as the Company may designate by
notice to the Warrant Agent and the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed to their addresses as set forth in the record books of the
Warrant Agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Expiration Date</I></B>&rdquo;). Each Warrant not exercised at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time,
on the Expiration Date shall become void, and all rights of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under this Agreement
shall cease to have any force or effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.3 Exercise of Warrants.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B></FONT>During
the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered
form by providing certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful money
of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire
transfer in immediately available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised
to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office, provided that such exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such
payment by the Warrant Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the form of election to purchase Warrant Securities set forth on the reverse
side of the Warrant Certificate properly completed and duly executed. The date on which payment in full of the Warrant Price is received
by the Warrant Agent shall, subject to receipt of the Warrant Certificate in accordance with this Section&nbsp;2.3(a), be deemed to be
the date on which the Warrant is exercised; provided, however, that if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment
in full of the Warrant Price, the transfer books for the Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be closed,
no such receipt of such Warrant Certificates and no such payment of such Warrant Price shall be effective to constitute the person so
designated to be named as the holder of record of such Warrant Securities on such date, but shall be effective to constitute such person
as the holder of record of such Warrant Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next succeeding day on which the
transfer books for the Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be opened, and the certificates for the
Warrant Securities in respect of which such Warrants are then exercised shall be issuable as of the date on such next succeeding day on
which the transfer books shall next be opened, and until such date the Company shall be under no duty to deliver any certificate for such
Warrant Securities. The Warrant Agent shall deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Warrant Price in an account of the Company
maintained with it and shall advise the Company by telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for the exercise of Warrants is
received of the amount so deposited to its account. The Warrant Agent shall promptly confirm such telephone advice to the Company in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B></FONT>The
Warrant Agent shall, from time to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Securities with
respect to which Warrants were exercised, (ii)&nbsp;the instructions of each holder of the Warrant Certificates evidencing such Warrants
with respect to delivery of the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled upon such exercise, (iii)&nbsp;delivery of Warrant
Certificates evidencing the balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant Securities after such exercise, and (iv)&nbsp;such
other information as the Company shall reasonably require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B></FONT>As
soon as practicable after the exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall issue to or upon the order of the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled, in fully registered form, registered in such name or
names as may be directed by such holder. If fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate are exercised, the Company
shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing
Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B></FONT>The
Company shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer
involved in the issue of the Warrant Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required
to issue or deliver any Warrant Security until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the Company&rsquo;s
satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Prior
to the issuance of any Warrants, there shall have been reserved, and the Company shall at all times through the Expiration Date keep reserved,
out of its authorized but unissued Warrant Securities, a number of shares sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>OTHER
PROVISIONS RELATING TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.1
No Rights as Warrant Securityholder Conferred by Warrants or Warrant Certificates. </B></FONT>No Warrant Certificate or Warrant evidenced
thereby shall entitle the holder thereof to any of the rights of a holder of Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right
to receive the payment of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities or to exercise any voting rights, except to the
extent expressly set forth in this Agreement or the applicable Warrant Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.2
Lost, Stolen, Mutilated or Destroyed Warrant Certificates. </B></FONT>Upon receipt by the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to it and the Company of the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and/or indemnity reasonably
satisfactory to the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate
to the Warrant Agent for cancellation, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Warrant Agent that such Warrant Certificate
has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign
and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate of
the same tenor and evidencing Warrants for a like number of Warrant Securities. Upon the issuance of any new Warrant Certificate under
this Section&nbsp;3.2, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may
be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith.
Every substitute Warrant Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall represent an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately
with any and all other Warrant Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.2 are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or
destroyed Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.3
Holder of Warrant Certificate May&nbsp;Enforce Rights. </B></FONT>Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement, any holder
of a Warrant Certificate, without the consent of the Warrant Agent, the holder of any Warrant Securities or the holder of any other Warrant
Certificate, may, in such holder&rsquo;s own behalf and for such holder&rsquo;s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any
suit, action or proceeding against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, such holder&rsquo;s right to exercise
the Warrants evidenced by such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate in the manner provided in such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate and
in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.4 Adjustments.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B></FONT>In
case the Company shall at any time subdivide its issued and outstanding Warrant Securities into a greater number of shares, the Warrant
Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision shall be proportionately reduced and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable
under the Warrants shall be proportionately increased. Conversely, in case the issued and outstanding Warrant Securities shall be consolidated
into a smaller number of shares, the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such consolidation shall be proportionately increased
and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the Warrants shall be proportionately decreased.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B></FONT>If
at any time or from time to time the holders of Warrant Securities (or any shares or other securities at the time receivable upon the
exercise of the Warrants) shall have received or become entitled to receive, without payment therefor,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&nbsp;</B></FONT>the
Warrant Securities or any shares or other securities which are at any time directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for
the Warrant Securities, or any rights or options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing by way of dividend
or other distribution;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(ii)&nbsp;</B></FONT>any
cash paid or payable otherwise than as a cash dividend paid or payable out of the Company&rsquo;s current or retained earnings;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(iii)&nbsp;</B></FONT>any
evidence of the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(iv)&nbsp;</B></FONT>the
Warrant Securities or additional shares or other securities or property (including cash) by way of spinoff, split-up, reclassification,
consolidation of shares or similar corporate reorganization (other than Warrant Securities issued as a share split or adjustments in respect
of which shall be covered by the terms of Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;above), then and in each such case, the holder of each Warrant shall,
upon the exercise of the Warrant, be entitled to receive, in addition to the number of Warrant Securities receivable thereupon, and without
payment of any additional consideration therefore, the amount of shares and other securities and property (including cash and indebtedness
or rights to subscribe for or purchase indebtedness) which such holder would hold on the date of such exercise had such holder been the
holder of record of such Warrant Securities as of the date on which holders of the Warrant Securities received or became entitled to receive
such shares or all other additional shares and other securities and property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B></FONT>In
case of (i)&nbsp;any reclassification, capital reorganization, or change in the Warrant Securities (other than as a result of a subdivision,
consolidation, or stock dividend provided for in Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;or Section&nbsp;3.4(b)&nbsp;above), (ii)&nbsp;share exchange,
amalgamation, merger or similar transaction of the Company with or into another person or entity (other than a share exchange, amalgamation,
merger or similar transaction in which the Company is the acquiring or surviving corporation and which does not result in any change in
the Warrant Securities other than the issuance of additional Warrant Securities) or (iii)&nbsp;the sale, exchange, lease, transfer or
other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety (in any such case, a &ldquo;<B><I>Reorganization
Event</I></B>&rdquo;), then, as a condition of such Reorganization Event, lawful provisions shall be made, and duly executed documents
evidencing the same from the Company, its successor or assignee shall be delivered to the holders of the Warrants, so that the holders
of the Warrants shall have the right at any time prior to the expiration of the Warrants to purchase, at a total price equal to that payable
upon the exercise of the Warrants, the kind and amount of shares and other securities and property receivable in connection with such
Reorganization Event by a holder of the same number of Warrant Securities as were purchasable by the holders of the Warrants immediately
prior to such Reorganization Event. In any such case appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of
the holders of the Warrants so that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable with respect to any shares or other securities
and property deliverable upon exercise the Warrants, and appropriate adjustments shall be made to the Warrant Price payable hereunder
provided the aggregate purchase price shall remain the same. In the case of any transaction described in clauses (ii)&nbsp;or (iii)&nbsp;above
(other than in the case of an amalgamation in accordance with the <I>Business Corporations Act</I> (Qu&eacute;bec), the Company shall
thereupon be relieved of any further obligation hereunder or under the Warrants, and the Company as the predecessor corporation may thereupon
or at any time thereafter be dissolved, wound up or liquidated. Such successor or assuming entity thereupon may cause to be signed, and
may issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Warrants issuable hereunder which heretofore shall not
have been signed by the Company, and may execute and deliver securities in its own name, in fulfillment of its obligations to deliver
Warrant Securities upon exercise of the Warrants. All the Warrants so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit
under this Agreement as the Warrants theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Agreement as though all of
such Warrants had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. In any case of any such Reorganization Event, such changes in phraseology
and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Warrants thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive
a written opinion of legal counsel as conclusive evidence that any such Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B></FONT>The
Company may, at its option, at any time until the Expiration Date, reduce the then current Warrant Price to any amount deemed appropriate
by the Board for any period not exceeding twenty consecutive days (as evidenced in a resolution adopted by such Board), but only upon
giving the notices required by Section&nbsp;3.5 at least ten days prior to taking such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Except
as herein otherwise expressly provided, no adjustment in the Warrant Price shall be made by reason of the issuance of Warrant Securities,
or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Warrant Securities, or securities carrying the right to purchase any of the foregoing
or for any other reason whatsoever.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(f)&nbsp;</B></FONT>No
fractional Warrant Securities shall be issued upon the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant shall be exercised at one time by
the same holder, the number of whole Warrant Securities, which shall be issuable upon such exercise, shall be computed on the basis of
the aggregate number of Warrant Securities purchased pursuant to the Warrants so exercised. Instead of any fractional Warrant Security
which would otherwise be issuable upon exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in
an amount equal to the same fraction of the last reported sale price (or bid price if there were no sales) per Warrant Security, in either
case as reported on the principal registered national securities exchange on which the Warrant Securities are listed or admitted to trading
on the business day that next precedes the day of exercise or, if the Warrant Securities are not then listed or admitted to trading on
any registered national securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin
Board Service (the &ldquo;<B><I>OTC Bulletin Board</I></B>&rdquo;) operated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority,&nbsp;Inc.
(&ldquo;<B><I>FINRA</I></B>&rdquo; ) or, if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low
asked prices as reported on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system on such date, or if on any such date the
Warrant Securities are not listed or admitted to trading on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin
Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, an amount equal to the same fraction of
the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that
purpose at the close of business on the business day that next precedes the day of exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(g)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Whenever
the Warrant Price then in effect is adjusted as herein provided, the Company shall mail to each holder of the Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s
address as it shall appear on the books of the Company a statement setting forth the adjusted Warrant Price then and thereafter effective
under the provisions hereof, together with the facts, in reasonable detail, upon which such adjustment is based.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(h)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein, in no event shall the Warrant Price, as adjusted in accordance with the terms hereof, be less than the
par value per Warrant Security (if the Warrant Security has par value).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.5
Notice to Warrantholders. </B></FONT>In case the Company shall (a)&nbsp;effect any dividend or distribution described in Section&nbsp;3.4(b),
(b)&nbsp;effect any Reorganization Event, (c)&nbsp;make any distribution on or in respect of the Warrant Securities in connection with
the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, or (d)&nbsp;reduce the then current Warrant Price pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d),
then the Company shall mail to each holder of Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s address as it shall appear on the books of the Warrant Agent,
at least ten days prior to the applicable date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the record date for such dividend or distribution,
or, if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of record of Warrant Securities that will be entitled to such dividend
or distribution are to be determined, (y)&nbsp;the date on which such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is
expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Warrant Securities of record shall be entitled to
exchange their Warrant Securities for securities or other property deliverable upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation
or winding up, or (z)&nbsp;the first date on which the then current Warrant Price shall be reduced pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d). No
failure to mail such notice nor any defect therein or in the mailing thereof shall affect any such transaction or any adjustment in the
Warrant Price required by Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.6
</B></FONT>[If the Warrants are Subject to Acceleration by the Company,&nbsp;Insert &mdash; Acceleration of Warrants by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B></FONT>At
any time on or after [&#9679;], the Company shall have the right to accelerate any or all Warrants at any time by causing them to expire
at the close of business on the day next preceding a specified date (the &ldquo;<B><I>Acceleration Date</I></B>&rdquo;), if the Market
Price (as hereinafter defined) of the Warrant Securities equals or exceeds [&#9679;] percent ([&#9679;]%) of the then effective Warrant
Price on any twenty Trading Days (as hereinafter defined) within a period of thirty consecutive Trading Days ending no more than five
Trading Days prior to the date on which the Company gives notice to the Warrant Agent of its election to accelerate the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B></FONT>&ldquo;<B><I>Market
Price</I></B>&rdquo; for each Trading Day shall be, if the Warrant Security is listed or admitted to trading on any registered national
securities exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way (or, if no such price is reported, the average of the reported closing
bid and asked prices, regular way) of one Warrant Security, in either case as reported on the principal registered national securities
exchange on which the Warrant Security is listed or admitted to trading or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any registered national
securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board operated by FINRA,
or if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on any other
U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, or if on any such date the Warrant Securities are not listed or admitted to trading
on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation
medium or inter-dealer quotation system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected
from time to time by the Company for that purpose. &ldquo;<B><I>Trading Day</I></B>&rdquo; shall be each Monday through Friday, other
than any day on which securities are not traded in the system or on the exchange that is the principal market for the Warrant Securities,
as determined by the Board. In the event of an acceleration of less than all of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall select the Warrants
to be accelerated by lot, pro rata or in such other manner as it deems, in its discretion, to be fair and appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Notice
of an acceleration specifying the Acceleration Date shall be sent by mail first class, postage prepaid, to each registered holder of a
Warrant Certificate representing a Warrant accelerated at such holder&rsquo;s address appearing on the books of the Warrant Agent not
more than sixty days nor less than thirty days before the Acceleration Date. Such notice of an acceleration also shall be given no more
than twenty days, and no less than ten days, prior to the mailing of notice to registered holders of Warrants pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.6,
by publication at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Any
Warrant accelerated may be exercised until [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the business day next preceding the Acceleration Date. The
Warrant Price shall be payable as provided in Article&nbsp;2.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>EXCHANGE
AND TRANSFER OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.1
Exchange and Transfer of Warrant Certificates. </B></FONT>Upon surrender at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent, Warrant Certificates
evidencing Warrants may be exchanged for Warrant Certificates in other denominations evidencing such Warrants or the transfer thereof
may be registered in whole or in part; provided that such other Warrant Certificates evidence Warrants for the same aggregate number of
Warrant Securities as the Warrant Certificates so surrendered. The Warrant Agent shall keep, at its corporate trust office, books in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it shall register Warrant Certificates and exchanges and transfers of outstanding
Warrant Certificates, upon surrender of the Warrant Certificates to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office for exchange or registration
of transfer, properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of registration of transfer and written instructions for transfer,
all in form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Warrant Certificates, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in connection with any such exchange or registration of transfer. Whenever any Warrant Certificates are so
surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver
to the person or persons entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates duly authorized and executed by the Company, as
so requested. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any exchange or registration of transfer which will result in the issuance
of a Warrant Certificate evidencing a Warrant for a fraction of a Warrant Security or a number of Warrants for a whole number of Warrant
Securities and a fraction of a Warrant Security. All Warrant Certificates issued upon any exchange or registration of transfer of Warrant
Certificates shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same obligations and entitled to the same benefits under this
Agreement as the Warrant Certificate surrendered for such exchange or registration of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.2
Treatment of Holders of Warrant Certificates. </B></FONT>The Company, the Warrant Agent and all other persons may treat the registered
holder of a Warrant Certificate as the absolute owner thereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights represented
by the Warrants evidenced thereby, any notice to the contrary notwithstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>4.3
Cancellation of Warrant Certificates. </B></FONT>Any Warrant Certificate surrendered for exchange, registration of transfer or exercise
of the Warrants evidenced thereby shall, if surrendered to the Company, be delivered to the Warrant Agent and all Warrant Certificates
surrendered or so delivered to the Warrant Agent shall be promptly canceled by the Warrant Agent and shall not be reissued and, except
as expressly permitted by this Agreement, no Warrant Certificate shall be issued hereunder in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof. The
Warrant Agent shall deliver to the Company from time to time or otherwise dispose of canceled Warrant Certificates in a manner satisfactory
to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE WARRANT AGENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.1
Warrant Agent. </B></FONT>The Company hereby appoints [&#9679;] as Warrant Agent of the Company in respect of the Warrants and the Warrant
Certificates upon the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and [&#9679;] hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant
Agent shall have the powers and authority granted to and conferred upon it in the Warrant Certificates and hereby and such further powers
and authority to act on behalf of the Company as the Company may hereafter grant to or confer upon it. All of the terms and provisions
with respect to such powers and authority contained in the Warrant Certificates are subject to and governed by the terms and provisions
hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>5.2
Conditions of Warrant Agent&rsquo;s Obligations. </B></FONT>The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations herein set forth upon the terms
and conditions hereof, including the following to all of which the Company agrees and to all of which the rights hereunder of the holders
from time to time of the Warrant Certificates shall be subject:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;Compensation
and Indemnification. </B></FONT>The Company agrees promptly to pay the Warrant Agent the compensation to be agreed upon with the Company
for all services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable
counsel fees) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct by the Warrant Agent in connection with the services rendered
hereunder by the Warrant Agent. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent, arising out of or
in connection with its acting as Warrant Agent hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim of
such liability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;Agent
for the Company. </B></FONT>In acting under this Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting
solely as agent of the Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the holders of
Warrant Certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;Counsel.
</B></FONT>The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and the written advice
of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;Documents.
</B></FONT>The Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in
reliance upon any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably
believed by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;Certain
Transactions. </B></FONT>The Warrant Agent, and its officers, directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest
in, Warrants, with the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder, and, to the extent permitted
by applicable law, it or they may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as
depositary, trustee or agent for, any committee or body of holders of Warrant Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely
as if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee
under any indenture to which the Company is a party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(f)&nbsp;No
Liability for Interest. </B></FONT>Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent shall have no liability for interest on
any monies at any time received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(g)&nbsp;No
Liability for Invalidity. </B></FONT>The Warrant Agent shall have no liability with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or any
of the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(h)&nbsp;No
Responsibility for Representations. </B></FONT>The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any of the recitals or representations herein
or in the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon), all of which are made solely by the
Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&nbsp;No
Implied Obligations. </B></FONT>The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such duties as are herein and in the Warrant Certificates
specifically set forth and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates against the
Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense
or liability, the payment of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent shall
not be accountable or under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates authenticated by
the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds
of the Warrant Certificates. The Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the performance
of its covenants or agreements contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from
a holder of a Warrant Certificate with respect to such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty
or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or, except as provided in Section&nbsp;6.2 hereof,
to make any demand upon the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.3 Resignation, Removal
and Appointment of Successors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B></FONT>The
Company agrees, for the benefit of the holders from time to time of the Warrant Certificates, that there shall at all times be a Warrant
Agent hereunder until all the Warrants have been exercised or are no longer exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B></FONT>The
Warrant Agent may at any time resign as agent by giving written notice to the Company of such intention on its part, specifying the date
on which its desired resignation shall become effective; provided that such date shall not be less than three months after the date on
which such notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees. The Warrant Agent hereunder may be removed at any time by the filing with
it of an instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying such removal and the intended date when it shall become
effective. Such resignation or removal shall take effect upon the appointment by the Company, as hereinafter provided, of a successor
Warrant Agent (which shall be a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to exercise corporate
trust powers) and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Warrant Agent. The obligation of the Company under Section&nbsp;5.2(a)&nbsp;shall
continue to the extent set forth therein notwithstanding the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B></FONT>In
case at any time the Warrant Agent shall resign, or shall be removed, or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt
or insolvent, or shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or under any other
applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver,
custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or
shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become
due, or shall take corporate action in furtherance of any such action, or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction
in the premises shall have been entered in respect of the Warrant Agent in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now
or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by a court
having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
sequestrator (or similar official) of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge or control
of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation, a successor
Warrant Agent, qualified as aforesaid, shall be appointed by the Company by an instrument in writing, filed with the successor Warrant
Agent. Upon the appointment as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment,
the Warrant Agent shall cease to be Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Any
successor Warrant Agent appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the Company an instrument
accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Warrant Agent, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become
vested with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations of such predecessor with like effect as if originally
named as Warrant Agent hereunder, and such predecessor, upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon become
obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and such successor Warrant Agent shall be entitled to receive, all monies, securities and
other property on deposit with or held by such predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B></FONT>Any
corporation into which the Warrant Agent hereunder may be merged, amalgamated or converted or any corporation with which the Warrant Agent
may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any amalgamation, merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent
shall be a party, or any corporation to which the Warrant Agent shall sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all the assets and
business of the Warrant Agent, provided that it shall be qualified as aforesaid, shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.1
Amendment. </B></FONT>This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto, without the consent of the holder of any Warrant Certificate,
for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, or of curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein, or making
any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem necessary
or desirable; provided that such action shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.2
Notices and Demands to the Company and Warrant Agent. </B></FONT>If the Warrant Agent shall receive any notice or demand addressed to
the Company by the holder of a Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent shall promptly
forward such notice or demand to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.3
Addresses. </B></FONT>Any communication from the Company to the Warrant Agent with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to [&#9679;],
Attention: [&#9679;] and any communication from the Warrant Agent to the Company with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to
Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1111 Dr.&nbsp;Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite&nbsp;420, Montr&eacute;al, Qu&eacute;bec, Canada H4M 2X6,
Attention: [&#9679;] (or such other address as shall be specified in writing by the Warrant Agent or by the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.4
Governing Law. </B></FONT>This Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.5
Delivery of Prospectus. </B></FONT>The Company shall furnish to the Warrant Agent sufficient copies of a prospectus meeting the requirements
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the Warrant Securities deliverable upon exercise of the Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;),
and the Warrant Agent agrees that upon the exercise of any Warrant, the Warrant Agent will deliver to the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of the Warrant Securities issued upon such exercise, a Prospectus.
The Warrant Agent shall not, by reason of any such delivery, assume any responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of such Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.6
Obtaining of Governmental Approvals. </B></FONT>The Company will from time to time take all action which may be necessary to obtain and
keep effective any and all permits, consents and approvals of governmental agencies and authorities and securities act filings under United
States Federal and state laws (including without limitation a registration statement in respect of the Warrants and Warrant Securities
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended), which may be or become requisite in connection with the issuance, sale, transfer, and delivery
of the Warrant Securities issued upon exercise of the Warrants, the issuance, sale, transfer and delivery of the Warrants or upon the
expiration of the period during which the Warrants are exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.7
Persons Having Rights Under the Agreement. </B></FONT>Nothing in this Agreement shall give to any person other than the Company, the Warrant
Agent and the holders of the Warrant Certificates any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.8
Headings. </B></FONT>The descriptive headings of the several Articles and Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only
and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.9
Counterparts. </B></FONT>This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which as so executed shall be deemed to
be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>6.10
Inspection of Agreement. </B></FONT>A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the principal corporate trust
office of the Warrant Agent for inspection by the holder of any Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent may require such holder to submit
such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate for inspection by it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof,</B></FONT> the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MILESTONE
    PHARMACEUTICALS INC.,</B> as Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 46%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Attest:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Countersigned</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;],
    as Warrant Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Attest:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[SIGNATURE PAGE TO MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
COMMON SHARE WARRANT AGREEMENT]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 3.7in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<B><I>Form&nbsp;of Legend if Warrants are not immediately exercisable.</I></B>]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[Prior to [&#9679;], Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate cannot be exercised.]</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EXERCISABLE ONLY IF COUNTERSIGNED BY THE WARRANT
AGENT AS PROVIDED HEREIN</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">VOID AFTER [&#9679;] P.M., [City] time, ON [&#9679;].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WARRANT CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING<BR>
WARRANTS TO PURCHASE<BR>
COMMON SHARE, NO PAR VALUE PER SHARE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No.&nbsp;[&#9679;]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;] Warrants</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This certifies that [&#9679;] or registered assigns
is the registered owner of the above indicated number of Warrants, each Warrant entitling such owner to purchase, at any time [after [&#9679;]
p.m., [City] time, [on [&#9679;] and] on or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;], [&#9679;] common shares, no par value per
share, in the capital of MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;) (such common shares, the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) on the following basis: during the period from [&#9679;], through and including [&#9679;], the exercise price
per Warrant Security will be $[&#9679;], subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined) (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Price</I></B>&rdquo;). The Holder may exercise the Warrants evidenced hereby by providing certain information set forth on the back hereof
and by paying in full, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York
Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect
to which this Warrant is exercised to the Warrant Agent (as hereinafter defined) and by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the
purchase form on the back hereof duly executed, at the corporate trust office of [name of Warrant Agent], or its successor as warrant
agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;), which is, on the date hereof, at the address specified on the reverse hereof, and
upon compliance with and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term &ldquo;<B><I>Holder</I></B>&rdquo; as
used herein shall mean the person in whose name at the time this Warrant Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained
by the Warrant Agent for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;4 of the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate
may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered form. Upon any exercise of fewer than all of the Warrants
evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there shall be issued to the Holder hereof a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the
number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate is issued under and in
accordance with the Warrant Agreement dated as of [&#9679;] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and
the Warrant Agent and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all of which terms and provisions
the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance hereof. Copies of the Warrant Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned
office of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Transfer of this Warrant Certificate may be registered
when this Warrant Certificate is surrendered at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent by the registered owner or such owner&rsquo;s
assigns, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After countersignature by the Warrant Agent and
prior to the expiration of this Warrant Certificate, this Warrant Certificate may be exchanged at the corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for Warrant Certificates representing Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not entitle the
Holder hereof to any of the rights of a holder of the Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive payments
of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities (except to the extent set forth in the Warrant Agreement) or to exercise
any voting rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Reference is hereby made to the further provisions
of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if
set forth at this place.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or
obligatory for any purpose until countersigned by the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof</B></FONT>, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed in its name and on its behalf by the facsimile signatures
of its duly authorized officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 46%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC., as Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Attest:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>Countersigned</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;], as Warrant Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>Attest:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[REVERSE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Instructions for Exercise of Warrant)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To exercise any Warrants evidenced
hereby for Warrant Securities (as hereinafter defined), the Holder must pay, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash
or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
the Warrant Price in full for Warrants exercised, to [&#9679;] [address of Warrant Agent], Attention: [&#9679;], which payment must specify
the name of the Holder and the number of Warrants exercised by such Holder. In addition, the Holder must complete the information required
below and present this Warrant Certificate in person or by mail (certified or registered mail is recommended) to the Warrant Agent at
the appropriate address set forth above. This Warrant Certificate, completed and duly executed, must be received by the Warrant Agent
within five business days of the payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(To be executed upon exercise of Warrants)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned hereby irrevocably
elects to exercise <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> Warrants, evidenced by
this Warrant Certificate, to purchase &nbsp;<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>&nbsp;common
shares, no par value per share, in the capital of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. (such common shares, the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;)
and represents that the undersigned has tendered payment for such Warrant Securities, in lawful money of the United States of America,
[in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available
funds], to the order of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., c/o [insert name and address of Warrant Agent], in the amount of $<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>
in accordance with the terms hereof. The undersigned requests that said Warrant Securities be in fully registered form in the authorized
denominations, registered in such names and delivered all as specified in accordance with the instructions set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the number of Warrants
exercised is less than all of the Warrants evidenced hereby, the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants
for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised be issued and delivered to the undersigned unless otherwise specified in the
instructions below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please Print</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Insert Social Security or Other Identifying
    Number of Holder)</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature Guaranteed:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Signature must conform in all respects to name
of holder as specified on the face of this Warrant Certificate and must bear a signature guarantee by a FINRA member firm).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant may be exercised at the following
addresses: By hand at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[&#9679;]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By mail at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[Instructions as to form and delivery of Warrant
Securities and, if applicable, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised&mdash;complete
as appropriate.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[Form&nbsp;of assignment to be executed if Warrant
Holder desires to transfer Warrant]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>For
Value Received</B></FONT><B>, </B><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>
hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Please print name and address including zip code)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please print Social Security or other identifying number</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">the right represented by the within Warrant to
purchase <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>
[Title of Warrant Securities] of <B>Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B> to which the within Warrant relates and appoints <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>
attorney to transfer such right on the books of the Warrant Agent with full power of substitution in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(Signature must conform in
all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature
    Guaranteed</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.6
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2614252d2_ex4-6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.6
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc.&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>and&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>_____________,
As Warrant Agent&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Preferred Share<BR>
Warrant Agreement&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Dated
As Of __________</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc. Form&nbsp;of Preferred Share Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>This
Preferred Share Warrant Agreement</B></FONT> (this &ldquo;<B><I>Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), dated as of [&#9679;], between <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B></FONT>, a corporation existing under the laws of the province of Qu&eacute;bec (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;),
and [&#9679;], a [corporation] [national banking association] organized and existing under the laws of [&#9679;] and having a corporate
trust office in [&#9679;], as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,</B></FONT>
the Company proposes to sell [<B><I>If Warrants are sold with other securities &mdash; </I></B>[title of such other securities being offered]
(the &ldquo;<B><I>Other Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) with] warrant certificates evidencing one or more warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;
or, individually, a &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant</I></B>&rdquo;) representing the right to purchase [title of Preferred Share purchasable through
exercise of Warrants], no par value per share, in the capital of the Company (such preferred shares, the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;),
such warrant certificates and other warrant certificates issued pursuant to this Agreement being herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Certificates</I></B>&rdquo;; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,
</B></FONT>the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection
with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant Certificates, and, in this Agreement, the
Company wishes to set forth, among other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates and the terms and conditions on which
they may be issued, registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and replaced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now
Therefore,</B></FONT> in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUANCE
OF WARRANTS AND EXECUTION AND<BR>
DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.1 Issuance of Warrants.
</B>[<B><I>If Warrants alone</I></B> &mdash;Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] [<B><I>If Other
Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued in connection with the issuance of the Other Securities but
shall be separately transferable and each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] Each Warrant evidenced thereby shall
represent the right, subject to the provisions contained herein and therein, to purchase one Warrant Security. [<B><I>If Other Securities
and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued with the Other Securities and each Warrant Certificate will evidence [&#9679;]
Warrants for each [US$[&#9679;] principal amount] [[&#9679;] shares] of Other Securities issued.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.2 Execution and Delivery
of Warrant Certificates.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>Each Warrant
Certificate, whenever issued, shall be in registered form substantially in the form set forth in <B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B> hereto, shall be
dated the date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have such letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation
and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the officers of the Company executing the same may approve
(execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as
may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation of
any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be listed, or to conform to usage. The Warrant Certificates shall be signed on behalf
of the Company by any of its present or future chief executive officers, presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, chief financial
officers, chief legal officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers, controllers, assistant controllers, secretaries or assistant secretaries,
as authorized by the board of directors of the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Board</I></B>&rdquo;). Such signatures may be manual or facsimile
signatures of such authorized officers and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>No Warrant Certificate
shall be valid for any purpose, and no Warrant evidenced thereby shall be exercisable, until such Warrant Certificate has been countersigned
by the manual signature of the Warrant Agent. Such signature by the Warrant Agent upon any Warrant Certificate executed by the Company
shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate so countersigned has been duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>In case any
officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by facsimile signature shall cease for
any reason to be such officer before the Warrant Certificates so signed shall have been countersigned and delivered by the Warrant Agent,
such Warrant Certificates may be countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who signed such Warrant Certificates ceased
to be such officer of the Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the actual
date of the execution of such Warrant Certificate, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of the execution
of this Agreement any such person was not such officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>The term &ldquo;<B><I>holder</I></B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B><I>holder of a Warrant Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; as used herein shall mean any person in whose name at the time any Warrant
Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.3 Issuance of Warrant
Certificates. </B>Warrant Certificates evidencing the right to purchase Warrant Securities may be executed by the Company and delivered
to the Warrant Agent upon the execution of this Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The Warrant Agent shall, upon receipt of Warrant
Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company, countersign such Warrant Certificates and shall deliver such Warrant Certificates
to or upon the order of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>WARRANT
PRICE, DURATION AND EXERCISE OF WARRANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.1 Warrant Price. </B>During
the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, each Warrant shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement and the applicable Warrant Certificate,
entitle the holder thereof to purchase the number of Warrant Securities specified in the applicable Warrant Certificate at an exercise
price of $[&#9679;] per Warrant Security, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, as hereinafter provided. Such purchase
price per Warrant Security is referred to in this Agreement as the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price.</I></B>&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.2 Duration of Warrants.
</B>Each Warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as specified herein, on or after [the date thereof] [&#9679;] and at
or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;] or such later date as the Company may designate by notice to the Warrant Agent and
the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed to their addresses as set forth in the record books of the Warrant Agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Expiration
Date</I></B>&rdquo;). Each Warrant not exercised at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the Expiration Date shall become void, and
all rights of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under this Agreement shall cease to have any force or effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.3 Exercise of Warrants.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>During the period
specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered form by providing
certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful money of the United States
of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately
available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised to the Warrant Agent at
its corporate trust office, provided that such exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such payment by the Warrant
Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the form of election to purchase Warrant Securities set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant
Certificate properly completed and duly executed. The date on which payment in full of the Warrant Price is received by the Warrant Agent
shall, subject to receipt of the Warrant Certificate in accordance with this Section&nbsp;2.3(a), be deemed to be the date on which the
Warrant is exercised; provided, however, that if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment in full of the Warrant
Price, the transfer books for the Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be closed, no such receipt of
such Warrant Certificates and no such payment of such Warrant Price shall be effective to constitute the person so designated to be named
as the holder of record of such Warrant Securities on such date, but shall be effective to constitute such person as the holder of record
of such Warrant Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next succeeding day on which the transfer books for the
Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be opened, and the certificates for the Warrant Securities in
respect of which such Warrants are then exercised shall be issuable as of the date on such next succeeding day on which the transfer books
shall next be opened, and until such date the Company shall be under no duty to deliver any certificate for such Warrant Securities. The
Warrant Agent shall deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Warrant Price in an account of the Company maintained with it and
shall advise the Company by telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for the exercise of Warrants is received of the amount
so deposited to its account. The Warrant Agent shall promptly confirm such telephone advice to the Company in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The Warrant
Agent shall, from time to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Securities with respect
to which Warrants were exercised, (ii)&nbsp;the instructions of each holder of the Warrant Certificates evidencing such Warrants with
respect to delivery of the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled upon such exercise, (iii)&nbsp;delivery of Warrant Certificates
evidencing the balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant Securities after such exercise, and (iv)&nbsp;such other information
as the Company shall reasonably require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>As soon as practicable
after the exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall issue to or upon the order of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such
Warrant the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled, in fully registered form, registered in such name or names as may be
directed by such holder. If fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate are exercised, the Company shall execute,
and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for
the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>The Company
shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer involved
in the issue of the Warrant Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required to issue
or deliver any Warrant Security until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the Company&rsquo;s
satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>Prior to the
issuance of any Warrants, there shall have been reserved, and the Company shall at all times through the Expiration Date keep reserved,
out of its authorized but unissued Warrant Securities, a number of shares sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>OTHER
PROVISIONS RELATING TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.1 No Rights as Warrant
Securityholder Conferred by Warrants or Warrant Certificates. </B>No Warrant Certificate or Warrant evidenced thereby shall entitle the
holder thereof to any of the rights of a holder of Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive the payment
of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities or to exercise any voting rights, except to the extent expressly set
forth in this Agreement or the applicable Warrant Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.2 Lost, Stolen, Mutilated
or Destroyed Warrant Certificates. </B>Upon receipt by the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it and the Company of
the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and/or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to
the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate to the Warrant Agent
for cancellation, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Warrant Agent that such Warrant Certificate has been acquired by
a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver,
in exchange for or in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate of the same tenor
and evidencing Warrants for a like number of Warrant Securities. Upon the issuance of any new Warrant Certificate under this Section&nbsp;3.2,
the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation
thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith. Every substitute Warrant
Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed Warrant Certificate shall
represent an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed Warrant Certificate shall
be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately with any and
all other Warrant Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.2 are exclusive and shall
preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.3 Holder of Warrant Certificate
May&nbsp;Enforce Rights. </B>Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement, any holder of a Warrant Certificate, without the
consent of the Warrant Agent, the holder of any Warrant Securities or the holder of any other Warrant Certificate, may, in such holder&rsquo;s
own behalf and for such holder&rsquo;s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the
Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, such holder&rsquo;s right to exercise the Warrants evidenced by such holder&rsquo;s
Warrant Certificate in the manner provided in such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate and in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.4 Adjustments.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>In case the
Company shall at any time subdivide its issued and outstanding Warrant Securities into a greater number of shares, the Warrant Price in
effect immediately prior to such subdivision shall be proportionately reduced and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the
Warrants shall be proportionately increased. Conversely, in case the issued and outstanding Warrant Securities shall be consolidated into
a smaller number of shares, the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such consolidation shall be proportionately increased and
the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the Warrants shall be proportionately decreased.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>If at any time
or from time to time the holders of the Warrant Securities (or any shares or other securities at the time receivable upon the exercise
of the Warrants) shall have received or become entitled to receive, without payment therefore,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(i)&nbsp;</B>the Warrant
Securities or any shares or other securities which are at any time directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for the Warrant
Securities, or any rights or options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing by way of dividend or other
distribution;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(ii)&nbsp;</B>any cash
paid or payable otherwise than in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Securities or as a cash dividend paid or payable out of the
Company&rsquo;s current or retained earnings;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(iii)&nbsp;</B>any evidence
of the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(iv)&nbsp;</B>the Warrant
Securities or additional share or other securities or property (including cash) by way of spinoff, split-up, reclassification, consolidation
of shares or similar corporate reorganization (other than the Warrant Securities issued as a share split or adjustments in respect of
which shall be covered by the terms of Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;above), then and in each such case, the holder of each Warrant shall,
upon the exercise of the Warrant, be entitled to receive, in addition to the number of Warrant Securities receivable thereupon, and without
payment of any additional consideration therefore, the amount of shares and other securities and property (including cash and indebtedness
or rights to subscribe for or purchase indebtedness) which such holder would hold on the date of such exercise had such holder been the
holder of record of such Warrant Securities as of the date on which holders of the Warrant Securities received or became entitled to receive
such shares or all other additional shares and other securities and property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>In case of (i)&nbsp;any
reclassification, capital reorganization, or change in the Warrant Securities (other than as a result of a subdivision, consolidation,
or stock dividend provided for in Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;or Section&nbsp;3.4(b)&nbsp;above), (ii)&nbsp;share exchange, amalgamation,
merger or similar transaction of the Company with or into another person or entity (other than a share exchange, amalgamation, merger
or similar transaction in which the Company is the acquiring or surviving corporation and which does not result in any change in the Warrant
Securities other than the issuance of additional Warrant Securities) or (iii)&nbsp;the sale, exchange, lease, transfer or other disposition
of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety (in any such case, a &ldquo;<B><I>Reorganization
Event</I></B>&rdquo;), then, as a condition of such Reorganization Event, lawful provisions shall be made, and duly executed documents
evidencing the same from the Company, its successor [or assignee] shall be delivered to the holders of the Warrants, so that the holders
of the Warrants shall have the right at any time prior to the expiration of the Warrants to purchase, at a total price equal to that payable
upon the exercise of the Warrants, the kind and amount of shares and other securities and property receivable in connection with such
Reorganization Event by a holder of the same number of Warrant Securities as were purchasable by the holders of the Warrants immediately
prior to such Reorganization Event. In any such case appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of
the holders of the Warrants so that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable with respect to any shares or other securities
and property deliverable upon exercise the Warrants, and appropriate adjustments shall be made to the Warrant Price payable hereunder
provided the aggregate purchase price shall remain the same. In the case of any transaction described in clauses (ii)&nbsp;or (iii)&nbsp;above
(other than in the case of an amalgamation in accordance with the <I>Business Corporations Act</I> (Qu&eacute;bec), the Company shall
thereupon be relieved of any further obligation hereunder or under the Warrants, and the Company as the predecessor corporation may thereupon
or at any time thereafter be dissolved, wound up or liquidated. Such successor or assuming entity thereupon may cause to be signed, and
may issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Warrants issuable hereunder which heretofore shall not
have been signed by the Company, and may execute and deliver securities in its own name, in fulfillment of its obligations to deliver
Warrant Securities upon exercise of the Warrants. All the Warrants so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit
under this Agreement as the Warrants theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Agreement as though all of
such Warrants had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. In any case of any such Reorganization Event, such changes in phraseology
and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Warrants thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive
a written opinion of legal counsel as conclusive evidence that any such Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>The Company
may, at its option, at any time until the Expiration Date, reduce the then current Warrant Price to any amount deemed appropriate by the
Board for any period not exceeding twenty consecutive days (as evidenced in a resolution adopted by such Board), but only upon giving
the notices required by Section&nbsp;3.5 at least ten days prior to taking such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>Except as herein
otherwise expressly provided, no adjustment in the Warrant Price shall be made by reason of the issuance of <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">any
securities of the Company or for any other reason whatsoever.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&nbsp;</B>No fractional
Warrant Securities shall be issued upon the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant shall be exercised at one time by the same
holder, the number of whole Warrant Securities which shall be issuable upon such exercise shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate
number of Warrant Securities purchased pursuant to the Warrants so exercised. Instead of any fractional Warrant Security which would otherwise
be issuable upon exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in an amount equal to the
same fraction of the last reported sale price (or bid price if there were no sales) per Warrant Security, in either case as reported on
the principal registered national securities exchange on which the Warrant Securities are listed or admitted to trading on the business
day that next precedes the day of exercise or, if the Warrant Securities are not then listed or admitted to trading on any registered
national securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board Service (the
 &ldquo;<B><I>OTC Bulletin Board</I></B>&rdquo;) operated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority,&nbsp;Inc. (&ldquo;<B><I>FINRA</I></B>&rdquo;
) or, if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on any other
U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system on such date, or if on any such date the Warrant Securities are not listed or admitted
to trading on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S.
quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, an amount equal to the same fraction of the average of the closing bid and asked prices
as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that purpose at the close of business on the business
day that next precedes the day of exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&nbsp;</B>Whenever the
Warrant Price then in effect is adjusted as herein provided, the Company shall mail to each holder of the Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s
address as it shall appear on the books of the Company a statement setting forth the adjusted Warrant Price then and thereafter effective
under the provisions hereof, together with the facts, in reasonable detail, upon which such adjustment is based.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&nbsp;</B>Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein, in no event shall the Warrant Price, as adjusted in accordance with the terms hereof, be less than the
par value per Warrant Security (if the Warrant Security has par value).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.5 Notice to Warrantholders.
</B>In case the Company shall (a)&nbsp;effect any dividend or distribution described in Section&nbsp;3.4(b), (b)&nbsp;effect any Reorganization
Event, (c)&nbsp;make any distribution on or in respect of the Warrant Securities in connection with the dissolution, liquidation or winding
up of the Company, or (d)&nbsp;reduce the then current Warrant Price pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d), then the Company shall mail to each
holder of Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s address as it shall appear on the books of the Warrant Agent, at least ten days prior to the
applicable date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the record date for such dividend or distribution, or, if a record is
not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of record of Warrant Securities that will be entitled to such dividend or distribution
are to be determined, (y)&nbsp;the date on which such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected to become
effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Warrant Securities of record shall be entitled to exchange their Warrant
Securities for securities or other property deliverable upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up, or (z)&nbsp;the
first date on which the then current Warrant Price shall be reduced pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d). No failure to mail such notice nor
any defect therein or in the mailing thereof shall affect any such transaction or any adjustment in the Warrant Price required by Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.6 </B>[If the Warrants
are Subject to Acceleration by the Company,&nbsp;Insert &mdash; Acceleration of Warrants by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>At any time
on or after [&#9679;], the Company shall have the right to accelerate any or all Warrants at any time by causing them to expire at the
close of business on the day next preceding a specified date (the &ldquo;<B><I>Acceleration Date</I></B>&rdquo;), if the Market Price
(as hereinafter defined) of the Warrant Securities equals or exceeds [&#9679;] percent ([&#9679;]%) of the then effective Warrant Price
on any twenty Trading Days (as hereinafter defined) within a period of thirty consecutive Trading Days ending no more than five Trading
Days prior to the date on which the Company gives notice to the Warrant Agent of its election to accelerate the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>&ldquo;<B><I>Market
Price</I></B>&rdquo; for each Trading Day shall be, if the Warrant Security is listed or admitted to trading on any registered national
securities exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way (or, if no such price is reported, the average of the reported closing
bid and asked prices, regular way) of the Warrant Security, in either case as reported on the principal registered national securities
exchange on which the Warrant Security is listed or admitted to trading or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any registered national
securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board operated by FINRA,
or if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on any other
U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, or if on any such date the Warrant Securities are not listed or admitted to trading
on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation
medium or inter-dealer quotation system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected
from time to time by the Company for that purpose. &ldquo;Trading Day&rdquo; shall be each Monday through Friday, other than any day on
which securities are not traded in the system or on the exchange that is the principal market for the Warrant Securities, as determined
by the Board. In the event of an acceleration of less than all of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall select the Warrants to be accelerated
by lot, pro rata or in such other manner as it deems, in its discretion, to be fair and appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>Notice of an
acceleration specifying the Acceleration Date shall be sent by mail first class, postage prepaid, to each registered holder of a Warrant
Certificate representing a Warrant accelerated at such holder&rsquo;s address appearing on the books of the Warrant Agent not more than
sixty days nor less than thirty days before the Acceleration Date. Such notice of an acceleration also shall be given no more than twenty
days, and no less than ten days, prior to the mailing of notice to registered holders of Warrants pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.6, by
publication at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>Any Warrant
accelerated may be exercised until [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the business day next preceding the Acceleration Date. The Warrant
Price shall be payable as provided in Article&nbsp;2.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>EXCHANGE
AND TRANSFER OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.1 </B>Exchange and Transfer
of Warrant Certificates. Upon surrender at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants may
be exchanged for Warrant Certificates in other denominations evidencing such Warrants or the transfer thereof may be registered in whole
or in part; provided that such other Warrant Certificates evidence Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities as the
Warrant Certificates so surrendered. The Warrant Agent shall keep, at its corporate trust office, books in which, subject to such reasonable
regulations as it may prescribe, it shall register Warrant Certificates and exchanges and transfers of outstanding Warrant Certificates,
upon surrender of the Warrant Certificates to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office for exchange or registration of transfer,
properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of registration of transfer and written instructions for transfer, all in
form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of
Warrant Certificates, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge
that may be imposed in connection with any such exchange or registration of transfer. Whenever any Warrant Certificates are so surrendered
for exchange or registration of transfer, an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver to the person
or persons entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates duly authorized and executed by the Company, as so requested.
The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any exchange or registration of transfer which will result in the issuance of a Warrant
Certificate evidencing a Warrant for a fraction of a Warrant Security or a number of Warrants for a whole number of Warrant Securities
and a fraction of a Warrant Security. All Warrant Certificates issued upon any exchange or registration of transfer of Warrant Certificates
shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same obligations and entitled to the same benefits under this Agreement
as the Warrant Certificate surrendered for such exchange or registration of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.2 Treatment of Holders
of Warrant Certificates. </B>The Company, the Warrant Agent and all other persons may treat the registered holder of a Warrant Certificate
as the absolute owner thereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights represented by the Warrants evidenced
thereby, any notice to the contrary notwithstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.3 Cancellation of Warrant
Certificates. </B>Any Warrant Certificate surrendered for exchange, registration of transfer or exercise of the Warrants evidenced thereby
shall, if surrendered to the Company, be delivered to the Warrant Agent and all Warrant Certificates surrendered or so delivered to the
Warrant Agent shall be promptly canceled by the Warrant Agent and shall not be reissued and, except as expressly permitted by this Agreement,
no Warrant Certificate shall be issued hereunder in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof. The Warrant Agent shall deliver to the Company
from time to time or otherwise dispose of canceled Warrant Certificates in a manner satisfactory to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE WARRANT AGENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.1 Warrant Agent. </B>The
Company hereby appoints [&#9679;] as Warrant Agent of the Company in respect of the Warrants and the Warrant Certificates upon the terms
and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and [&#9679;] hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant Agent shall have the powers
and authority granted to and conferred upon it in the Warrant Certificates and hereby and such further powers and authority to act on
behalf of the Company as the Company may hereafter grant to or confer upon it. All of the terms and provisions with respect to such powers
and authority contained in the Warrant Certificates are subject to and governed by the terms and provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.2 Conditions of Warrant
Agent&rsquo;s Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations herein set forth upon the terms and conditions hereof, including
the following to all of which the Company agrees and to all of which the rights hereunder of the holders from time to time of the Warrant
Certificates shall be subject:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;Compensation and
Indemnification. </B>The Company agrees promptly to pay the Warrant Agent, in addition to the compensation to be agreed upon with the
Company<B>[,] </B>for all services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses
(including reasonable counsel fees) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct by the Warrant Agent in connection with
the services rendered hereunder by the Warrant Agent. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent,
arising out of or in connection with its acting as Warrant Agent hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against
any claim of such liability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;Agent for the Company.
</B>In acting under this Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting solely as agent of the
Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the holders of Warrant Certificates
or beneficial owners of Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;Counsel. </B>The
Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and the written advice of such counsel
shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith
and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;Documents. </B>The
Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in reliance upon
any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed
by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&nbsp;Certain Transactions.
</B>The Warrant Agent, and its officers, directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest in, Warrants, with
the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder, and, to the extent permitted by applicable law,
it or they may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as depositary, trustee
or agent for, any committee or body of holders of Warrant Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely as if it were not the
Warrant Agent hereunder. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee under any indenture
to which the Company is a party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&nbsp;No Liability for
Interest. </B>Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent shall have no liability for interest on any monies at any time
received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&nbsp;No Liability for
Invalidity. </B>The Warrant Agent shall have no liability with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or any of the Warrant Certificates
(except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&nbsp;No Responsibility
for Representations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any of the recitals or representations herein or in the Warrant
Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon), all of which are made solely by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(i)&nbsp;No Implied Obligations.
</B>The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such duties as are herein and in the Warrant Certificates specifically set forth
and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates against the Warrant Agent. The Warrant
Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense or liability, the payment
of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent shall not be accountable or under
any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates authenticated by the Warrant Agent and delivered
by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds of the Warrant Certificates. The
Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the performance of its covenants or agreements
contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from a holder of a Warrant Certificate
with respect to such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty or responsibility to initiate or attempt
to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or, except as provided in Section&nbsp;6.2 hereof, to make any demand upon the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.3 Resignation, Removal
and Appointment of Successors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The Company
agrees, for the benefit of the holders from time to time of the Warrant Certificates, that there shall at all times be a Warrant Agent
hereunder until all the Warrants have been exercised or are no longer exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The Warrant
Agent may at any time resign as agent by giving written notice to the Company of such intention on its part, specifying the date on which
its desired resignation shall become effective; provided that such date shall not be less than three months after the date on which such
notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees. The Warrant Agent hereunder may be removed at any time by the filing with it of an
instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying such removal and the intended date when it shall become effective.
Such resignation or removal shall take effect upon the appointment by the Company, as hereinafter provided, of a successor Warrant Agent
(which shall be a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to exercise corporate trust
powers) and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Warrant Agent. The obligation of the Company under Section&nbsp;5.2(a)&nbsp;shall
continue to the extent set forth therein notwithstanding the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>In case at any
time the Warrant Agent shall resign, or shall be removed, or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent,
or shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or under any other applicable Federal
or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, custodian, liquidator,
assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or shall make an assignment
for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or shall take corporate
action in furtherance of any such action, or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been
entered in respect of the Warrant Agent in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or
any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the
premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or similar
official) of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Warrant Agent
or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation, a successor Warrant Agent, qualified
as aforesaid, shall be appointed by the Company by an instrument in writing, filed with the successor Warrant Agent. Upon the appointment
as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment, the Warrant Agent shall cease
to be Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>Any successor
Warrant Agent appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the Company an instrument accepting
such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Warrant Agent, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested
with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations of such predecessor with like effect as if originally
named as Warrant Agent hereunder, and such predecessor, upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon become
obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and such successor Warrant Agent shall be entitled to receive, all monies, securities and
other property on deposit with or held by such predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>Any corporation
into which the Warrant Agent hereunder may be merged, amalgamated, or converted or any corporation with which the Warrant Agent may be
consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any amalgamation, merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall
be a party, or any corporation to which the Warrant Agent shall sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all the assets and business
of the Warrant Agent, provided that it shall be qualified as aforesaid, shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without
the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.1 Amendment. </B>This
Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto, without the consent of the holder of any Warrant Certificate, for the purpose of curing
any ambiguity, or of curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein, or making any other provisions with
respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem necessary or desirable; provided
that such action shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.2 Notices and Demands
to the Company and Warrant Agent. </B>If the Warrant Agent shall receive any notice or demand addressed to the Company by the holder of
a Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent shall promptly forward such notice or
demand to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.3 Addresses. </B>Any
communication from the Company to the Warrant Agent with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to [&#9679;], Attention: [&#9679;]
and any communication from the Warrant Agent to the Company with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to Milestone Pharmaceuticals
Inc. 1111 Dr.&nbsp;Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite&nbsp;420, Montr&eacute;al, Qu&eacute;bec, Canada H4M 2X6, Attention: [&#9679;] (or
such other address as shall be specified in writing by the Warrant Agent or by the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.4 Governing Law. </B>This
Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of
New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.5 Delivery of Prospectus.
</B>The Company shall furnish to the Warrant Agent sufficient copies of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, relating to the Warrant Securities deliverable upon exercise of the Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;),
and the Warrant Agent agrees that upon the exercise of any Warrant, the Warrant Agent will deliver to the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of the Warrant Securities issued upon such exercise, a Prospectus.
The Warrant Agent shall not, by reason of any such delivery, assume any responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of such Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.6 Obtaining of Governmental
Approvals. </B>The Company will from time to time take all action which may be necessary to obtain and keep effective any and all permits,
consents and approvals of governmental agencies and authorities and securities act filings under United States Federal and state laws
(including without limitation a registration statement in respect of the Warrants and Warrant Securities under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended), which may be or become requisite in connection with the issuance, sale, transfer, and delivery of the Warrant Securities
issued upon exercise of the Warrants, the issuance, sale, transfer and delivery of the Warrants or upon the expiration of the period during
which the Warrants are exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.7 Persons Having Rights
Under the Agreement. </B>Nothing in this Agreement shall give to any person other than the Company, the Warrant Agent and the holders
of the Warrant Certificates any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.8 Headings. </B>The descriptive
headings of the several Articles and Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the
meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.9 Counterparts. </B>This
Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which as so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.10 Inspection of Agreement.
</B>A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the principal corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent for
inspection by the holder of any Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent may require such holder to submit such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate
for inspection by it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof,</B></FONT> the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC., as Company</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Attest:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Countersigned</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>[&#9679;],
    as Warrant Agent</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Attest:&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">[SIGNATURE
PAGE TO MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. PREFERRED SHARE WARRANT AGREEMENT]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 5.9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[<B><I>Form&nbsp;of Legend if Warrants are not <BR>
immediately exercisable.</I></B>]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 5.9pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[Prior to [&#9679;], Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate <BR>
cannot be exercised.]</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EXERCISABLE ONLY IF COUNTERSIGNED BY THE WARRANT
AGENT AS PROVIDED HEREIN&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">VOID AFTER [&#9679;] P.M., [City] time, ON [&#9679;].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WARRANT CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING<BR>
WARRANTS TO PURCHASE<BR>
[TITLE OF WARRANT SECURITIES]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No.&nbsp;[&#9679;]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[&#9679;] Warrants</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This certifies that [&#9679;] or registered assigns
is the registered owner of the above indicated number of Warrants, each Warrant entitling such owner to purchase, at any time [after [&#9679;]
p.m., [City] time, [on [&#9679;] and] on or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;], [&#9679;] [TITLE OF WARRANT SECURITIES],
no par value per share, in the capital of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;) (such [preferred shares],
 &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) on the following basis: during the period from [&#9679;], through and including [&#9679;],
the exercise price per Warrant Security will be $[&#9679;], subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter
defined) (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price</I></B>&rdquo;). The Holder may exercise the Warrants evidenced hereby by providing certain information
set forth on the back hereof and by paying in full, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or
official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], the Warrant Price for each
Warrant Security with respect to which this Warrant is exercised to the Warrant Agent (as hereinafter defined) and by surrendering this
Warrant Certificate, with the purchase form on the back hereof duly executed, at the corporate trust office of [name of Warrant Agent],
or its successor as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;), which is, on the date hereof, at the address specified
on the reverse hereof, and upon compliance with and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter
defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term &ldquo;<B><I>Holder</I></B>&rdquo; as
used herein shall mean the person in whose name at the time this Warrant Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained
by the Warrant Agent for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;4 of the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate
may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered form. Upon any exercise of fewer than all of the Warrants
evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there shall be issued to the Holder hereof a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the
number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate is issued under and in
accordance with the Warrant Agreement dated as of [&#9679;] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and
the Warrant Agent and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all of which terms and provisions
the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance hereof. Copies of the Warrant Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned
office of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Transfer of this Warrant Certificate may be registered
when this Warrant Certificate is surrendered at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent by the registered owner or such owner&rsquo;s
assigns, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">After countersignature by the Warrant Agent and prior to the expiration
of this Warrant Certificate, this Warrant Certificate may be exchanged at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent for Warrant
Certificates representing Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not entitle the
Holder hereof to any of the rights of a holder of the Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive payments
of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities (except to the extent set forth in the Warrant Agreement) or to exercise
any voting rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Reference is hereby made to the further provisions
of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if
set forth at this place.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or
obligatory for any purpose until countersigned by the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In Witness Whereof</B></FONT>,
the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed in its name and on its behalf by the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B>, as Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>COUNTERSIGNED</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;], as Warrant Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[REVERSE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Instructions for Exercise of Warrant)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To exercise any Warrants evidenced
hereby for Warrant Securities (as hereinafter defined), the Holder must pay, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash
or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
the Warrant Price in full for Warrants exercised, to [&#9679;] [address of Warrant Agent], Attention: [&#9679;], which payment must specify
the name of the Holder and the number of Warrants exercised by such Holder. In addition, the Holder must complete the information required
below and present this Warrant Certificate in person or by mail (certified or registered mail is recommended) to the Warrant Agent at
the appropriate address set forth above. This Warrant Certificate, completed and duly executed, must be received by the Warrant Agent
within five business days of the payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(To be executed upon exercise of Warrants)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned hereby irrevocably
elects to exercise ______ Warrants, evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, to purchase _______ [TITLE OF WARRANT SECURITIES], no par value
per share, in the capital of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. (such [preferred shares], the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;),
and represents that the undersigned has tendered payment for such Warrant Securities, in lawful money of the United States of America,
[in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available
funds], to the order of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., c/o [insert name and address of Warrant Agent], in the amount of $_________ in
accordance with the terms hereof. The undersigned requests that said Warrant Securities be in fully registered form in the authorized
denominations, registered in such names and delivered all as specified in accordance with the instructions set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the number of Warrants
exercised is less than all of the Warrants evidenced hereby, the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants
for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised be issued and delivered to the undersigned unless otherwise specified in the
instructions below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Please Print</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Address:</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Insert Social Security or Other Identifying Number<BR>
of Holder)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature Guaranteed:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Signature must conform in all respects to name
of holder as specified on the face of this Warrant Certificate and must bear a signature guarantee by a FINRA member firm).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant may be exercised at the following
addresses: By hand at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[&#9679;]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By mail at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[Instructions as to form and delivery of Warrant
Securities and, if applicable, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised&mdash;complete
as appropriate.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 19 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[Form&nbsp;of assignment to be executed if Warrant
Holder desires to transfer Warrant]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>For
Value Received</B></FONT><B>,</B> ______________ hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Please print name and address including zip code)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Please print Social Security or other identifying number</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">the right represented by the within Warrant to
purchase __________ [Title of Warrant Securities] of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. to which the within Warrant relates and appoints ____________________
attorney to transfer such right on the books of the Warrant Agent with full power of substitution in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(Signature must conform in
all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature
    Guaranteed</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.7
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2614252d2_ex4-7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.7
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.7</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>and</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>,
As Warrant Agent</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Debt Securities<BR>
Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Dated
As Of __________</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc. Form&nbsp;of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>This
Debt Securities Warrant Agreement</B></FONT> (this &ldquo;<B><I>Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), dated as of [&#9679;], between <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B></FONT>, a corporation organized under the laws of the province of Qu&eacute;bec (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;),
and [&#9679;], a [corporation] [national banking association] organized and existing under the laws of [&#9679;] and having a corporate
trust office in [&#9679;], as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas</B></FONT>,
the Company has entered into an indenture dated as of [&#9679;] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;), with [&#9679;], as trustee
(such trustee, and any successors to such trustee, herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;), providing for the issuance
from time to time of its debt securities, to be issued in one or more series as provided in the Indenture (the &ldquo;<B><I>Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,</B></FONT>
the Company proposes to sell [<B><I>If Warrants are sold with other securities </I></B><I>&mdash;</I>[title of such other securities being
offered] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Other Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) with] warrant certificates evidencing one or more warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;
or, individually, a &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant</I></B>&rdquo;) representing the right to purchase [title of Debt Securities purchasable through
exercise of Warrants] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), such warrant certificates and other warrant certificates
issued pursuant to this Agreement being herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Certificates</I></B>&rdquo;; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,
</B></FONT>the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection
with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant Certificates, and, in this Agreement, the
Company wishes to set forth, among other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates and the terms and conditions on which
they may be issued, registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and replaced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now
Therefore,</B></FONT> in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUANCE
OF WARRANTS AND EXECUTION AND<BR>
DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.1 Issuance of Warrants.
</B>[<B><I>If Warrants alone</I></B> &mdash; Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] [<B><I>If Other
Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash; Warrant Certificates will be issued in connection with the issuance of the Other Securities but
shall be separately transferable and each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] Each Warrant evidenced thereby shall
represent the right, subject to the provisions contained herein and therein, to purchase one Warrant Debt Security. [<B><I>If Other Securities
and Warrants</I></B> &mdash; Warrant Certificates will be issued with the Other Securities and each Warrant Certificate will evidence
[&#9679;] Warrants for each [$[&#9679;] principal amount] [[&#9679;] shares] of Other Securities issued.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.2 Execution and Delivery
of Warrant Certificates.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>Each Warrant
Certificate, whenever issued, shall be in registered form substantially in the form set forth in <B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B> hereto, shall be
dated the date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have such letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation
and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the officers of the Company executing the same may approve
(execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as
may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation of
any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be listed, or to conform to usage. The Warrant Certificates shall be signed on behalf
of the Company by any of its present or future chief executive officers, presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, chief financial
officers, chief legal officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers, controllers, assistant controllers, secretaries or assistant secretaries,
as authorized by the board of directors of the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Board</I></B>&rdquo;). Such signatures may be manual or facsimile
signatures of such authorized officers and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>No Warrant Certificate
shall be valid for any purpose, and no Warrant evidenced thereby shall be exercisable, until such Warrant Certificate has been countersigned
by the manual signature of the Warrant Agent. Such signature by the Warrant Agent upon any Warrant Certificate executed by the Company
shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate so countersigned has been duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>In case any
officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by facsimile signature shall cease for
any reason to be such officer before the Warrant Certificates so signed shall have been countersigned and delivered by the Warrant Agent,
such Warrant Certificates may be countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who signed such Warrant Certificates ceased
to be such officer of the Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the actual
date of the execution of such Warrant Certificate, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of the execution
of this Agreement any such person was not such officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>The term &ldquo;<B><I>holder</I></B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B><I>holder of a Warrant Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; as used herein shall mean any person in whose name at the time any Warrant
Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.3 Issuance of Warrant
Certificates. </B>Warrant Certificates evidencing the right to purchase Warrant Debt Securities may be executed by the Company and delivered
to the Warrant Agent upon the execution of this Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The Warrant Agent shall, upon receipt of Warrant
Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company, countersign such Warrant Certificates and shall deliver such Warrant Certificates
to or upon the order of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>WARRANT
PRICE, DURATION AND EXERCISE OF WARRANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.1 Warrant Price. </B>During
the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, each Warrant shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement and the applicable Warrant Certificate,
entitle the holder thereof to purchase the principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities specified in the applicable Warrant Certificate
at an exercise price of [&#9679;]% of the principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities [plus accrued amortization, if any, of the original
issue discount of the Warrant Debt Securities] [plus accrued interest, if any, from the most recent date from which interest shall have
been paid on the Warrant Debt Securities or, if no interest shall have been paid on the Warrant Debt Securities, from the date of their
initial issuance.] [The original issue discount ($[&#9679;] for each $1,000 principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities) will be amortized
at a [&#9679;]% annual rate, computed on a[n] [semi-] annual basis [using a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months].] Such purchase
price for the Warrant Debt Securities is referred to in this Agreement as the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.2 Duration of Warrants.
</B>Each Warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as specified herein, on or after [the date thereof] [&#9679;] and at
or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;] or such later date as the Company may designate by notice to the Warrant Agent and
the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed to their addresses as set forth in the record books of the Warrant Agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Expiration
Date</I></B>&rdquo;). Each Warrant not exercised at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the Expiration Date shall become void, and
all rights of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under this Agreement shall cease to have any force or effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.3 Exercise of Warrants.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>During the period
specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Debt Securities in registered form
by providing certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful money of
the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer
in immediately available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant Debt Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised to
the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office, provided that such exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such payment
by the Warrant Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the form of election to purchase Warrant Debt Securities set forth on the reverse
side of the Warrant Certificate properly completed and duly executed. The date on which payment in full of the Warrant Price is received
by the Warrant Agent shall, subject to receipt of the Warrant Certificate, in accordance with this Section&nbsp;2.3(a), be deemed to be
the date on which the Warrant is exercised; provided, however, that if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment
in full of the Warrant Price, the transfer books for the Warrant Debt Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall
be closed, no such receipt of such Warrant Certificates and no such payment of such Warrant Price shall be effective to constitute the
person so designated to be named as the holder of record of such Warrant Debt Securities on such date, but shall be effective to constitute
such person as the holder of record of such Warrant Debt Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next succeeding
day on which the transfer books for the Warrant Debt Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be opened, and the
certificates for the Warrant Debt Securities in respect of which such Warrants are then exercised shall be issuable as of the date on
such next succeeding day on which the transfer books shall next be opened, and until such date the Company shall be under no duty to deliver
any certificate for such Warrant Debt Securities. The Warrant Agent shall deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Warrant Price
in an account of the Company maintained with it and shall advise the Company by telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for
the exercise of Warrants is received of the amount so deposited to its account. The Warrant Agent shall promptly confirm such telephone
advice to the Company in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The Warrant
Agent shall, from time to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Debt Securities with
respect to which Warrants were exercised, (ii)&nbsp;the instructions of each holder of the Warrant Certificates evidencing such Warrants
with respect to delivery of the Warrant Debt Securities to which such holder is entitled upon such exercise, (iii)&nbsp;delivery of Warrant
Certificates evidencing the balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant Debt Securities after such exercise, and (iv)&nbsp;such
other information as the Company or the Trustee shall reasonably require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>As soon as practicable
after the exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall issue pursuant to the Indenture, in authorized denominations, to or upon the order
of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant the Warrant Debt Securities to which such holder is entitled, in fully
registered form, registered in such name or names as may be directed by such holder. If fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by such
Warrant Certificate are exercised, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign
and deliver, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>The Company
shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer involved
in the issue of the Warrant Debt Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required to
issue or deliver any Warrant Debt Securities until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the Company&rsquo;s
satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>Prior to the
issuance of any Warrants, there shall have been reserved, and the Company shall at all times through the Expiration Date keep reserved,
out of its authorized but unissued Warrant Debt Securities, a number of shares sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>OTHER
PROVISIONS RELATING TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.1 No Rights as Holder
of Warrant Debt Securities Conferred by Warrants or Warrant Certificates. </B>No Warrant Certificate or Warrant evidenced thereby shall
entitle the holder thereof to any of the rights of a holder of Warrant Debt Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive
the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Warrant Debt Securities or to enforce any of the covenants
in the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.2 Lost, Stolen, Mutilated
or Destroyed Warrant Certificates. </B>Upon receipt by the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it and the Company of
the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and/or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to
the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate to the Warrant Agent
for cancellation, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Warrant Agent that such Warrant Certificate has been acquired by
a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver,
in exchange for or in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate of the same tenor
and evidencing Warrants for a like principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities. Upon the issuance of any new Warrant Certificate under
this Section&nbsp;3.2, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may
be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith.
Every substitute Warrant Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall represent an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately
with any and all other Warrant Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.2 are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or
destroyed Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.3 Holder of Warrant Certificate
May&nbsp;Enforce Rights.</B> Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement, any holder of a Warrant Certificate, without the
consent of the Warrant Agent, , the Trustee, the holder of any Warrant Debt Securities or the holder of any other Warrant Certificate,
may, in such holder&rsquo;s own behalf and for such holder&rsquo;s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action
or proceeding against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, such holder&rsquo;s right to exercise the Warrants
evidenced by such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate in the manner provided in such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificates and in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.4 Amalgamation, Merger,
Sale, Conveyance or Lease.</B> In case of (a)&nbsp;any share exchange, amalgamation, merger or similar transaction of the Company with
or into another person or entity (other than a share exchange, merger or similar transaction in which the Company is the acquiring or
surviving corporation) or (b)&nbsp;the sale, exchange, lease, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties
and assets of the Company as an entirety (in any such case, a &ldquo;<B><I>Reorganization Event</I></B>&rdquo;), then, as a condition
of such Reorganization Event, lawful provisions shall be made, and duly executed documents evidencing the same from the Company&rsquo;s
successor or assignee shall be delivered to the holders of the Warrants, so that such successor shall succeed to and be substituted for
the Company, and assume all the Company&rsquo;s obligations under, this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company shall thereupon (other
than in the case of an amalgamation in accordance with the <I>Business Corporations Act </I>(Qu&eacute;bec)) be relieved of any further
obligation hereunder or under the Warrants, and the Company as the predecessor corporation may thereupon or at any time thereafter be
dissolved, wound up or liquidated. Such successor or assuming entity thereupon may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its own
name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Warrants issuable hereunder which heretofore shall not have been signed by the Company,
and may execute and deliver securities in its own name, in fulfillment of its obligations to deliver Warrant Debt Securities upon exercise
of the Warrants. All the Warrants so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Agreement as the Warrants
theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Agreement as though all of such Warrants had been issued at the
date of the execution hereof. In any case of any such Reorganization Event, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance)
may be made in the Warrants thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive a written opinion of legal counsel
as conclusive evidence that any such Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.5 Notice to Warrantholders.
</B>In case the Company shall (a)&nbsp;effect any Reorganization Event or (b)&nbsp;make any distribution on or in respect of the [title
of Warrant Debt Securities] in connection with the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, then the Company shall mail
to each holder of Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s address as it shall appear on the books of the Warrant Agent, at least ten days prior
to the applicable date hereinafter specified, a notice stating the date on which such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or
winding up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of [title of Warrant Debt Securities]
of record shall be entitled to exchange their [title of Warrant Debt Securities] for securities or other property deliverable upon such
Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. No failure to mail such notice nor any defect therein or in the mailing
thereof shall affect any such transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>EXCHANGE
AND TRANSFER OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.1 </B>Exchange and Transfer
of Warrant Certificates. Upon surrender at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants may
be exchanged for Warrant Certificates in other denominations evidencing such Warrants or the transfer thereof may be registered in whole
or in part; provided that such other Warrant Certificates evidence Warrants for the same aggregate principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities
as the Warrant Certificates so surrendered. The Warrant Agent shall keep, at its corporate trust office, books in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it shall register Warrant Certificates and exchanges and transfers of outstanding Warrant
Certificates, upon surrender of the Warrant Certificates to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office for exchange or registration
of transfer, properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of registration of transfer and written instructions for transfer,
all in form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Warrant Certificates, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in connection with any such exchange or registration of transfer. Whenever any Warrant Certificates are so
surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver
to the person or persons entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates duly authorized and executed by the Company, as
so requested. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any exchange or registration of transfer which will result in the issuance
of a Warrant Certificate evidencing a Warrant for a fraction of a Warrant Debt Security or a number of Warrants for a whole number of
Warrant Debt Securities and a fraction of a Warrant Debt Security. All Warrant Certificates issued upon any exchange or registration of
transfer of Warrant Certificates shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same obligations and entitled to the same
benefits under this Agreement as the Warrant Certificate surrendered for such exchange or registration of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.2 Treatment of Holders
of Warrant Certificates. </B>The Company, the Warrant Agent and all other persons may treat the registered holder of a Warrant Certificate
as the absolute owner thereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights represented by the Warrants evidenced
thereby, any notice to the contrary notwithstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.3 Cancellation of Warrant
Certificates. </B>Any Warrant Certificate surrendered for exchange, registration of transfer or exercise of the Warrants evidenced thereby
shall, if surrendered to the Company, be delivered to the Warrant Agent and all Warrant Certificates surrendered or so delivered to the
Warrant Agent shall be promptly canceled by the Warrant Agent and shall not be reissued and, except as expressly permitted by this Agreement,
no Warrant Certificate shall be issued hereunder in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof. The Warrant Agent shall deliver to the Company
from time to time or otherwise dispose of canceled Warrant Certificates in a manner satisfactory to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE WARRANT AGENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.1 Warrant Agent. </B>The
Company hereby appoints [&#9679;] as Warrant Agent of the Company in respect of the Warrants and the Warrant Certificates upon the terms
and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and [&#9679;] hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant Agent shall have the powers
and authority granted to and conferred upon it in the Warrant Certificates and hereby and such further powers and authority to act on
behalf of the Company as the Company may hereafter grant to or confer upon it. All of the terms and provisions with respect to such powers
and authority contained in the Warrant Certificates are subject to and governed by the terms and provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.2 Conditions of Warrant
Agent&rsquo;s Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations herein set forth upon the terms and conditions hereof, including
the following to all of which the Company agrees and to all of which the rights hereunder of the holders from time to time of the Warrant
Certificates shall be subject:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;Compensation and
Indemnification. </B>The Company agrees promptly to pay the Warrant Agent the compensation to be agreed upon with the Company for all
services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable
counsel fees) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct by the Warrant Agent in connection with the services rendered
hereunder by the Warrant Agent. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent, arising out of or
in connection with its acting as Warrant Agent hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim of
such liability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;Agent for the Company.
</B>In acting under this Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting solely as agent of the
Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the holders of Warrant Certificates
or beneficial owners of Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;Counsel. </B>The
Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and the written advice of such counsel
shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith
and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;Documents. </B>The
Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in reliance upon
any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed
by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&nbsp;Certain Transactions.
</B>The Warrant Agent, and its officers, directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest in, Warrants, with
the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder, and, to the extent permitted by applicable law,
it or they may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as depositary, trustee
or agent for, any committee or body of holders of Warrant Debt Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely as if it were
not the Warrant Agent hereunder. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee under any
indenture to which the Company is a party, including, without limitation, as Trustee under the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&nbsp;No Liability for
Interest. </B>Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent shall have no liability for interest on any monies at any time
received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&nbsp;No Liability for
Invalidity. </B>The Warrant Agent shall have no liability with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or any of the Warrant Certificates
(except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&nbsp;No Responsibility
for Representations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any of the recitals or representations herein or in the Warrant
Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon), all of which are made solely by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(i)&nbsp;No Implied Obligations.
</B>The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such duties as are herein and in the Warrant Certificates specifically set forth
and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates against the Warrant Agent. The Warrant
Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense or liability, the payment
of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent shall not be accountable or under
any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates authenticated by the Warrant Agent and delivered
by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds of the Warrant Certificates. The
Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the performance of its covenants or agreements
contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from a holder of a Warrant Certificate
with respect to such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty or responsibility to initiate or attempt
to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or, except as provided in Section&nbsp;6.2 hereof, to make any demand upon the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 6 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.3 Resignation, Removal
and Appointment of Successors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&nbsp;</B>The Company
agrees, for the benefit of the holders from time to time of the Warrant Certificates, that there shall at all times be a Warrant Agent
hereunder until all the Warrants have been exercised or are no longer exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&nbsp;</B>The Warrant
Agent may at any time resign as agent by giving written notice to the Company of such intention on its part, specifying the date on which
its desired resignation shall become effective; provided that such date shall not be less than three months after the date on which such
notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees. The Warrant Agent hereunder may be removed at any time by the filing with it of an
instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying such removal and the intended date when it shall become effective.
Such resignation or removal shall take effect upon the appointment by the Company, as hereinafter provided, of a successor Warrant Agent
(which shall be a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to exercise corporate trust
powers) and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Warrant Agent. The obligation of the Company under Section&nbsp;5.2(a)&nbsp;shall
continue to the extent set forth therein notwithstanding the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&nbsp;</B>In case at any
time the Warrant Agent shall resign, or shall be removed, or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent,
or shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or under any other applicable Federal
or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, custodian, liquidator,
assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or shall make an assignment
for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, or shall take corporate
action in furtherance of any such action, or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been
entered in respect of the Warrant Agent in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or
any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the
premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or similar
official) of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Warrant Agent
or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation, a successor Warrant Agent, qualified
as aforesaid, shall be appointed by the Company by an instrument in writing, filed with the successor Warrant Agent. Upon the appointment
as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment, the Warrant Agent shall cease
to be Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&nbsp;</B>Any successor
Warrant Agent appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the Company an instrument accepting
such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Warrant Agent, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested
with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations of such predecessor with like effect as if originally
named as Warrant Agent hereunder, and such predecessor, upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon become
obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and such successor Warrant Agent shall be entitled to receive, all monies, securities and
other property on deposit with or held by such predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&nbsp;</B>Any corporation
into which the Warrant Agent hereunder may be amalgamated., merged or converted or any corporation with which the Warrant Agent may be
consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any amalgamation, merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall
be a party, or any corporation to which the Warrant Agent shall sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all the assets and business
of the Warrant Agent, provided that it shall be qualified as aforesaid, shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without
the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.1 Amendment. </B>This
Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto, without the consent of the holder of any Warrant Certificate, for the purpose of curing
any ambiguity, or of curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein, or making any other provisions with
respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem necessary or desirable; provided
that such action shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.2 Notices and Demands
to the Company and Warrant Agent. </B>If the Warrant Agent shall receive any notice or demand addressed to the Company by the holder of
a Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent shall promptly forward such notice or
demand to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.3 Addresses. </B>Any
communication from the Company to the Warrant Agent with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to [&#9679;], Attention: [&#9679;]
and any communication from the Warrant Agent to the Company with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to Milestone Pharmaceuticals
Inc., 1111 Dr.&nbsp;Frederik-Philips Boulevard, Suite&nbsp;420, Montr&eacute;al, Qu&eacute;bec, Canada H4M 2X6, Attention: [&#9679;] (or
such other address as shall be specified in writing by the Warrant Agent or by the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.4 Governing Law. </B>This
Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of
New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.5 Delivery of Prospectus.
</B>The Company shall furnish to the Warrant Agent sufficient copies of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, relating to the Warrant Debt Securities deliverable upon exercise of the Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;),
and the Warrant Agent agrees that upon the exercise of any Warrant, the Warrant Agent will deliver to the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of the Warrant Debt Securities issued upon such exercise, a Prospectus.
The Warrant Agent shall not, by reason of any such delivery, assume any responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of such Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.6 Obtaining of Governmental
Approvals. </B>The Company will from time to time take all action which may be necessary to obtain and keep effective any and all permits,
consents and approvals of governmental agencies and authorities and securities act filings under United States Federal and state laws
(including without limitation a registration statement in respect of the Warrants and Warrant Debt Securities under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended), which may be or become requisite in connection with the issuance, sale, transfer, and delivery of the Warrant Debt
Securities issued upon exercise of the Warrants, the issuance, sale, transfer and delivery of the Warrants or upon the expiration of the
period during which the Warrants are exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.7 Persons Having Rights
Under the Agreement. </B>Nothing in this Agreement shall give to any person other than the Company, the Warrant Agent and the holders
of the Warrant Certificates any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.8 Headings. </B>The descriptive
headings of the several Articles and Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the
meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.9 Counterparts. </B>This
Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which as so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts
shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.10 Inspection of Agreement.
</B>A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the principal corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent for
inspection by the holder of any Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent may require such holder to submit such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate
for inspection by it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 8 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof,</B></FONT> the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC., as Company</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Attest:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Countersigned</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>[&#9679;],
    as Warrant Agent</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Attest:&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[SIGNATURE PAGE TO MILESTONE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
DEBT SECURITIES WARRANT AGREEMENT]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<B><I>Form&nbsp;of
    Legend if Warrants are not immediately <BR>
    exercisable.</I></B>]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[Prior
    to [&#9679;], Warrants evidenced by this<BR>
    Warrant Certificate cannot be exercised.]</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EXERCISABLE ONLY IF COUNTERSIGNED BY THE WARRANT
AGENT AS PROVIDED HEREIN</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">VOID AFTER [&#9679;] P.M., [City] time, ON [&#9679;].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WARRANT CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING<BR>
WARRANTS TO PURCHASE<BR>
[TITLE OF WARRANT DEBT SECURITIES]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">No.&nbsp;[&#9679;]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;] Warrants</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This certifies that [&#9679;] or registered assigns
is the registered owner of the above indicated number of Warrants, each Warrant entitling such owner to purchase, at any time [after [&#9679;]
p.m., [City] time, [on [&#9679;] and] on or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;], $[&#9679;] principal amount of [TITLE OF
WARRANT DEBT SECURITIES] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;)
issued or to be issued under the Indenture (as hereinafter defined), on the following basis: during the period from [&#9679;], through
and including [&#9679;], each Warrant shall entitle the Holder thereof, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, to purchase the principal
amount of Warrant Debt Securities stated in the Warrant Certificate at the warrant price (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price</I></B>&rdquo;)
of [&#9679;]% of the principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities [plus accrued amortization, if any, of the original issue discount of
the Warrant Debt Securities] [plus accrued interest, if any, from the most recent date from which interest shall have been paid on the
Warrant Debt Securities or, if no interest shall have been paid on the Warrant Debt Securities, from the date of their original issuance].
[The original issue discount ($[&#9679;] for each $1,000 principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities) will be amortized at a [&#9679;]%
annual rate, computed on a[n] [semi-]annual basis [using a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months]. The Holder may exercise the
Warrants evidenced hereby by providing certain information set forth on the back hereof and by paying in full, in lawful money of the
United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer
in immediately available funds], the Warrant Price for each Warrant Debt Security with respect to which this Warrant is exercised to the
Warrant Agent (as hereinafter defined) and by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the purchase form on the back hereof duly executed,
at the corporate trust office of [name of Warrant Agent], or its successor as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;),
which is, on the date hereof, at the address specified on the reverse hereof, and upon compliance with and subject to the conditions set
forth herein and in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term &ldquo;<B><I>Holder</I></B>&rdquo; as
used herein shall mean the person in whose name at the time this Warrant Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained
by the Warrant Agent for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;4 of the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate
may be exercised to purchase Warrant Debt Securities in the principal amount of $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof in registered
form. Upon any exercise of fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there shall be issued to the Holder hereof
a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the aggregate principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate is issued under and in
accordance with the Warrant Agreement dated as of [&#9679;] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and
the Warrant Agent and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all of which terms and provisions
the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance hereof. Copies of the Warrant Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned
office of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrant Debt Securities to be issued and delivered
upon the exercise of Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate will be issued under and in accordance with an Indenture, dated as
of [&#9679;] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and [&#9679;], as trustee (such trustee, and any successors
to such trustee, the &ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;)] and will be subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Debt
Securities and in the Indenture. Copies of the Indenture, including the form of the Warrant Debt Securities, are on file at the corporate
trust office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Transfer of this Warrant Certificate may be registered
when this Warrant Certificate is surrendered at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent by the registered owner or such owner&rsquo;s
assigns, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After countersignature by the Warrant Agent and
prior to the expiration of this Warrant Certificate, this Warrant Certificate may be exchanged at the corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for Warrant Certificates representing Warrants for the same aggregate principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not entitle the
Holder hereof to any of the rights of a holder of the Warrant Debt Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive payments
of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Warrant Debt Securities or to enforce any of the covenants of the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Reference is hereby made to the further provisions
of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if
set forth at this place.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or
obligatory for any purpose until countersigned by the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In Witness
Whereof</B></FONT>, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed in its name and on its behalf by the facsimile signatures of its
duly authorized officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</B>, as Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>COUNTERSIGNED</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[&#9679;], as Warrant Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[REVERSE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Instructions for Exercise of Warrant)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To exercise any Warrants evidenced
hereby for Warrant Debt Securities (as hereinafter defined), the Holder must pay, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in
cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
the Warrant Price in full for Warrants exercised, to [&#9679;] [address of Warrant Agent], Attention: [&#9679;], which payment must specify
the name of the Holder and the number of Warrants exercised by such Holder. In addition, the Holder must complete the information required
below and present this Warrant Certificate in person or by mail (certified or registered mail is recommended) to the Warrant Agent at
the appropriate address set forth above. This Warrant Certificate, completed and duly executed, must be received by the Warrant Agent
within five business days of the payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(To be executed upon exercise of Warrants)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned hereby irrevocably
elects to exercise ______ Warrants, evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, to purchase _______ $[&#9679;] principal amount of the [TITLE
OF WARRANT DEBT SECURITIES] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. and represents
that the undersigned has tendered payment for such Warrant Debt Securities, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash
or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
to the order of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc., c/o [insert name and address of Warrant Agent], in the amount of $_________ in accordance
with the terms hereof. The undersigned requests that said principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities be in fully registered form in the
authorized denominations, registered in such names and delivered all as specified in accordance with the instructions set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the number of Warrants
exercised is less than all of the Warrants evidenced hereby, the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants
for the aggregate principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised be issued and delivered to the undersigned unless
otherwise specified in the instructions below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Please Print</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Address:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Insert Social Security or Other Identifying Number<BR>
of Holder)</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature Guaranteed:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Signature must conform in all respects to name
of holder as specified on the face of this Warrant Certificate and must bear a signature guarantee by a FINRA member firm).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant may be exercised at the following
addresses: By hand at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[&#9679;]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By mail at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[Instructions as to form and delivery of Warrant
Debt Securities and, if applicable, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised&mdash;complete
as appropriate.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[Form&nbsp;of assignment to be executed if Warrant
Holder desires to transfer Warrant]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>For
Value Received</B></FONT><B>,</B> ______________ hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 49%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 49%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Please print name and address including zip code)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Please print Social Security or other identifying number</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">the right represented by the within Warrant
to purchase <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>
aggregate principal amount of [Title of Warrant Debt Securities] of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. to which the within Warrant
relates and appoints <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>
attorney to transfer such right on the books of the Warrant Agent with full power of substitution in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.5pt; width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 1.25pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(Signature must conform in
all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature
    Guaranteed</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 0.25pt 0.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm2614252d2_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">llp</FONT></B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1000 De La Gaucheti&egrave;re Street West<BR>
    Suite 1100<BR>
    Montr&eacute;al, Qu&eacute;bec, Canada&nbsp;&nbsp;H3B&nbsp;4W5<BR>
    514.904.8100&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">main</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">514.904.8101&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">facsimile&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="tm2614252d2_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Montr&eacute;al&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Toronto&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Calgary&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ottawa&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Vancouver&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">New&nbsp;York</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May 13, 2026</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1111
Dr. Frederik-Philips Boulevard<BR>
Suite 420<BR>
Montreal, Qu</FONT>&eacute;bec<BR>
H4M 2X6</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Dear Sirs/Mesdames:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Re: <U>Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. - Registration Statement
on Form S-3</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have acted as Canadian counsel to Milestone
Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the &ldquo;<B>Corporation</B>&rdquo;), a corporation governed by the&nbsp;<I>Business Corporations Act </I>(Qu&eacute;bec),
in connection with the Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;) filed by the Corporation
on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B>SEC</B>&rdquo;) for the registration of the sale by the
Corporation from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the &ldquo;<B>Securities Act</B>&rdquo;), of up to $300,000,000 in aggregate amount of the following securities of the Corporation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">common shares of the Corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Common Shares</B>&rdquo;);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">preferred shares of the Corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Preferred Shares</B>&rdquo;);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">debt securities of the Corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Debt Securities</B>&rdquo;); and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">warrants to acquire Common Shares, Preferred Shares and/or Debt Securities (the &ldquo;<B>Warrants</B>&rdquo;).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Registration Statement includes two prospectuses,
(i) a base prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Base Prospectus</B>&rdquo;) and (ii) a sales agreement prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>ATM Prospectus</B>&rdquo;),
relating to the issuance and sale of Common Shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 under the Sales Agreement
dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Corporation and Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co. (such agreement, the &ldquo;<B>Sales Agreement</B>&rdquo;
and such shares, the &ldquo;<B>ATM Shares</B>&rdquo;). The Common Shares, the Preferred Shares, the Debt Securities, the Warrants and
the ATM Shares are collectively referred to herein as the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><IMG SRC="tm2614252d2_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">Page 2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have examined the Registration Statement, the
Base Prospectus, the ATM Prospectus and the Sales Agreement and all such corporate and public records, statutes and regulations and have
made such investigations and have reviewed such other documents as we have deemed relevant and necessary and have considered such questions
of law as we have considered relevant and necessary in order to give the opinions hereinafter set forth. As to various questions of fact
material to such opinions which were not independently established, we have relied upon a certificate of an officer of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Where our opinion expressed herein refers to the
Common Shares or the ATM Shares having been issued as being &ldquo;fully-paid and non-assessable&rdquo; common shares of the Corporation,
such opinion assumes that all required consideration (in whatever form) has been paid or provided. No opinion is expressed as to the adequacy
of any consideration received.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are qualified to practice law in the Province
of Qu&eacute;bec and these opinions are rendered solely with respect to the Province of Qu&eacute;bec and the federal laws of Canada applicable
in the Province of Qu&eacute;bec and, as they relate to the legally binding nature of and enforceability of the Debt Securities and the
Warrants, the laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For the purposes of the opinions set forth below,
we have assumed without independent investigation or verification by us that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the ATM Prospectus and any amendments thereto (including
post-effective amendments) will have become effective and such effectiveness shall not have been terminated or rescinded;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Securities will have the terms described in and will otherwise be issued as described in the Registration
Statement or in a prospectus supplement and a prospectus supplement will have been prepared and filed with the SEC regarding the Securities
offered thereby;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">all Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities
laws and in the manner specified in the Registration Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">there shall not have occurred any change in law affecting the validity or enforceability of such Securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any Warrants or Debt Securities will be governed by the laws of the State of New York;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="tm2614252d2_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Page 3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any Securities (other than Common Shares and the Preferred Shares) issued by the Corporation are to be
issued pursuant to a definitive agreement or certificate evidencing the terms thereof (a &ldquo;<B>Securities Agreement</B>&rdquo;); and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">none of the terms of any Securities to be established subsequent to the date hereof, nor the issuance
and delivery of such Securities, nor the execution, delivery and performance by the Corporation of any Securities Agreement, nor the compliance
by the Corporation with the terms of such Securities, will violate any applicable law or regulation or will result in a violation of any
provision of any instrument or agreement then binding upon the Corporation, or any restriction imposed by any court or governmental body
having jurisdiction over the Corporation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have also assumed (a) the legal capacity of all individuals, the genuineness of all signatures, the veracity of the information contained
therein, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to authentic or original documents of all documents
submitted to us as certified, conformed, electronic, photostatic or facsimile copies</FONT> and (b) the completeness, truth and accuracy
of all facts set forth in the official public records, certificates and documents supplied by public officials or otherwise conveyed to
us by public officials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On the basis of the foregoing and subject to the
qualifications hereinafter expressed, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">when (i)&nbsp;all requisite corporate action, including the adoption of appropriate resolutions of the
Board of Directors of the Corporation or a duly authorized committee thereof (the &ldquo;<B>Authorizing Resolutions</B>&rdquo;), has been
taken by the Corporation to authorize the issuance of any Common Shares and the consideration to be received therefor, and (ii)&nbsp;certificates
evidencing such shares have been duly executed, countersigned, issued and delivered, against payment therefor of the consideration specified
in such Authorizing Resolutions, in the manner described in such Authorizing Resolutions, such Common Shares will be validly issued, fully
paid and non-assessable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">when (i)&nbsp;all requisite corporate action, including the adoption of Authorizing Resolutions, has been
taken by the Corporation to establish the terms of and to authorize the issuance of any Preferred Shares and the consideration to be received
therefor, (ii)&nbsp;all actions described in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above with respect to the Common Shares issuable upon the conversion of
such Preferred Shares have been taken (to the extent applicable); and (iii)&nbsp;certificates evidencing such shares have been duly executed,
countersigned, issued and delivered, against payment therefor of the consideration specified in such Authorizing Resolutions, in the manner
described in such Authorizing Resolutions, such Preferred Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="tm2614252d2_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Page 4</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">when (i)&nbsp;all requisite corporate action, including the adoption of Authorizing Resolutions, has been
taken by the Corporation to establish the terms of and to authorize the issuance of any Debt Securities and to authorize the Securities
Agreement relating thereto; (ii)&nbsp;all actions described in paragraph (a)&nbsp;and/or (b)&nbsp;above with respect to the Common Shares
and/or Preferred Shares issuable upon the conversion or exercise of such Debt Securities have been taken (to the extent applicable); and
(iii)&nbsp;the applicable Securities Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the parties thereto and the instruments evidencing
such Warrants have been duly executed, countersigned, issued and delivered in accordance with the applicable Securities Agreement and
in the manner described in such Authorizing Resolutions, such Debt Securities will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Corporation,
enforceable against the Corporation in accordance with their terms;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">when (i)&nbsp;all requisite corporate action, including the adoption of Authorizing Resolutions, has been
taken by the Corporation to establish the terms of and to authorize the issuance of any series of Warrants and the consideration to be
received therefor and to authorize the Securities Agreement relating thereto; (ii)&nbsp;all actions described in paragraph (a), (b)&nbsp;and/or
(c)&nbsp;above with respect to the Common Shares, the Preferred Shares and/or the Debt Securities issuable upon the exercise of such Warrants
have been taken (to the extent applicable); and (iii)&nbsp;the applicable Securities Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by
the parties thereto and certificates evidencing such Warrants have been duly executed, countersigned, issued and delivered, against payment
therefor of the consideration specified in such Authorizing Resolutions, in accordance with the applicable Securities Agreement and in
the manner described in such Authorizing Resolutions, such Warrants will be valid and legally binding obligations of the Corporation,
enforceable against the Corporation in accordance with their terms; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">when (i)&nbsp;all requisite corporate action, including the adoption of Authorizing Resolutions, has been
taken by the Corporation to authorize the issuance of any ATM Shares and the consideration to be received therefor, (ii)&nbsp;certificates
or other statements of ownership evidencing such shares have been duly executed and countersigned (to the extent applicable), and the
ATM Shares have been issued and delivered, against payment therefor of the consideration specified in such Authorizing Resolutions, in
the manner described in such Authorizing Resolutions, and (iii) sold and issued against payment therefor in accordance with the Sales
Agreement, the Registration Statement and the ATM Prospectus, such ATM Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><IMG SRC="tm2614252d2_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Page 5</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing opinions are subject to the following
qualifications and limitations:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer
and conveyance, receivership, preference, moratorium, arrangement or winding up laws or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect,
and related regulations and judicial doctrines, relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights and remedies generally;
and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">enforceability may be limited by equitable principles, whether such equitable principles are considered
at law or in equity, including the principle that equitable remedies such as specific performance and injunction may only be granted in
the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name wherever it appears in the Registration Statement and the
prospectus contained therein. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required
under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Yours very truly,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(signed)
Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP</I></FONT><BR>
<BR>
</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tm2614252d2_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.5in; text-align: right">Exhibit 23.1</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.5in; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration
Statement on Form S-3 of Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc. of our report dated March 20, 2026 relating to the consolidated financial statements,
which appears in Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We also consent to the incorporation by reference in the prospectus
dated May 13, 2026 (the Prospectus) that is part of the Registration Statement on Form S-3 referred to above, of our report dated March
20, 2026 relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We also consent to the references to us under the heading &ldquo;Experts&rdquo;
in such Registration Statement and Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Montreal, Canada<BR>
May 13, 2026</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns:ix="http://www.xbrl.org/2013/inlineXBRL" xmlns:ixt="http://www.xbrl.org/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-02-26" xmlns:ixt-sec="http://www.sec.gov/inlineXBRL/transformation/2015-08-31" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026" xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026">
  <head>
    <title>EX-FILING FEES</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div style="display: none">
      <ix:header>
        <ix:hidden>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-394">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:SubmissnTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-395">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FeeExhibitTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-396">EX-FILING FEES</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-397">0001408443</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-398">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingTableNa" contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOfferingTableNa" xsi:nil="true"></ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OffsetTableNa" contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">N/A</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa" contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">N/A</ix:nonNumeric>
          <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="7" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-402">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="7" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-403">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="7" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-404">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="7" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-405">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
        </ix:hidden>
        <ix:references>
          <link:schemaRef xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026/ffd-2026.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/>
        </ix:references>
        <ix:resources>
          <xbrli:context id="rc">
            <xbrli:entity>
              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</xbrli:identifier>
            </xbrli:entity>
            <xbrli:period>
              <xbrli:startDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:startDate>
              <xbrli:endDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:endDate>
            </xbrli:period>
          </xbrli:context>
          <xbrli:context id="offrl_1">
            <xbrli:entity>
              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</xbrli:identifier>
              <xbrli:segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                  <dei:lineNo>1</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
              </xbrli:segment>
            </xbrli:entity>
            <xbrli:period>
              <xbrli:startDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:startDate>
              <xbrli:endDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:endDate>
            </xbrli:period>
          </xbrli:context>
          <xbrli:context id="offrl_2">
            <xbrli:entity>
              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</xbrli:identifier>
              <xbrli:segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                  <dei:lineNo>2</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
              </xbrli:segment>
            </xbrli:entity>
            <xbrli:period>
              <xbrli:startDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:startDate>
              <xbrli:endDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:endDate>
            </xbrli:period>
          </xbrli:context>
          <xbrli:context id="offrl_3">
            <xbrli:entity>
              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</xbrli:identifier>
              <xbrli:segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                  <dei:lineNo>3</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
              </xbrli:segment>
            </xbrli:entity>
            <xbrli:period>
              <xbrli:startDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:startDate>
              <xbrli:endDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:endDate>
            </xbrli:period>
          </xbrli:context>
          <xbrli:context id="offrl_4">
            <xbrli:entity>
              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</xbrli:identifier>
              <xbrli:segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                  <dei:lineNo>4</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
              </xbrli:segment>
            </xbrli:entity>
            <xbrli:period>
              <xbrli:startDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:startDate>
              <xbrli:endDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:endDate>
            </xbrli:period>
          </xbrli:context>
          <xbrli:context id="offrl_5">
            <xbrli:entity>
              <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</xbrli:identifier>
              <xbrli:segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                  <dei:lineNo>5</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
              </xbrli:segment>
            </xbrli:entity>
            <xbrli:period>
              <xbrli:startDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:startDate>
              <xbrli:endDate>2026-05-12</xbrli:endDate>
            </xbrli:period>
          </xbrli:context>
          <xbrli:unit id="USD">
            <xbrli:measure>iso4217:USD</xbrli:measure>
          </xbrli:unit>
          <xbrli:unit id="pure">
            <xbrli:measure>xbrli:pure</xbrli:measure>
          </xbrli:unit>
          <xbrli:unit id="Shares">
            <xbrli:measure>xbrli:shares</xbrli:measure>
          </xbrli:unit>
        </ix:resources>
      </ix:header>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 99%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt; text-align: center;">
        <tr>
          <td colspan="4" style="padding-bottom: .5em">
            <p>
              <b>Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</b>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding-bottom: .25em">
            <p>
              <b>
                <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-466">S-3</ix:nonNumeric>
              </b>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td style="padding-bottom: .25em">
            <p>
              <b>
                <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="rc" id="ixv-467">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</ix:nonNumeric>
              </b>
            </p>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOfferingTableNa">&#9744;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; font-size: 16px;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 12%;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 2%;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 12%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 14%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Class Title </b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 2%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 5%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount Registered</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 15%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 5%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Fee Rate</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount of Registration Fee</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 1%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward Form Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward File Number</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Carry Forward Initial Effective Date</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward</b>
            </p>
          </th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Newly Registered Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-468">Equity</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-469">Common Shares, no par value per share</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-470">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-471">Equity</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-472">Preferred Shares, no par value per share </ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_2" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-473">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-474">Debt</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-475">Debt Securities</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_3" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-476">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-477">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-478">Warrants</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_4" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-479">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-480">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		1
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-481">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-482">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-483">300,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="7" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-484">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-485">41,430.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fees Previously Paid
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Carry Forward Securities
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;">
            <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-486">300,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;">
            <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-487">41,430.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fees Previously Paid:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalPreviouslyPaidAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-488">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fee Offsets:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-489">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Net Fee Due:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-490">41,430.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offering Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-491">1.a. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon the conversion or exercise of, or in exchange for, other securities offered hereby.

1.b. There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of common shares, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred shares, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common shares, preferred shares or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $300,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $300,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The $300,000,000 of securities registered hereunder includes $100,000,000 of common shares that may be offered, issued and sold pursuant to that certain Controlled Equity OfferingSM, dated May 13, 2026 by and between the registrant and Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common shares, preferred shares and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred shares or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of common shares and preferred shares as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of share splits, share dividends or similar transactions.

1.c. The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b under the heading "Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure" of Part II, Item 16, of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center;  border: 1px solid black;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 10%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 16%;">
				Registrant or Filer Name
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Form or Filing Type
			</th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
				File Number
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Initial Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 8%;">
				Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 9%;">
				Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source
			</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rule 457(p)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 3: Combined Prospectuses</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; border: 1px solid black;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 4%">
            <!-- Note column -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 14%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 25%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Class Title</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 14%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount of Securities Previously Registered</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 18%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Form Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>File Number</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Initial Effective Date</b>
            </p>
          </th>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2;">
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>tm2614252d2_ex5-1img001.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 tm2614252d2_ex5-1img001.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$       #_VP!#  $! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_
MVP!# 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$!
M 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0$! 0'_P  1"  O ( # 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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MR4^!O@;_ (*2_P#!-2";X8Z3X$MOV]?V3M'NF;P5=>%O$6C>#OC5\+M"+/\
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M2LRP\,'B(SE&ZI0G*I>\4_>FVXRLVG:[N]#SL3Q3G-;(>%\A<\%AL/PG3K+
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0&;.45+%3@Y4JD4G926O_V0$!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
<TEXT>
begin 644 lg_milestonepharma-4c.jpg
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M%!04%!04%!04%/_  !$( $T!B@,!$0 "$0$#$0'_Q "^   " @,! 0$
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M(+[<=Q,N8L>*4! +::_C*6:?BG4$_/(FC],%Q]07+IAL5T<?L-KQ>R0<>LC
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M87#8)@]V6*^,=I-4D^R/IKSWM[W%MN6W^9;%6V"W)2MN(\\Z\M3["V4@!3*
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A_>/_ "2.-I_ !IR_$0<Z=&Y.S6=7IZ-"$:$(T(1H0O_9

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.26.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 12, 2026</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001408443<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissnTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.26.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 12, 2026 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1', window );">Offering: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Shares, no par value per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2', window );">Offering: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Preferred Shares, no par value per share <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3', window );">Offering: 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt Securities<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4', window );">Offering: 4</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Warrants<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5', window );">Offering: 5</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 41,430.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">1.a. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon the conversion or exercise of, or in exchange for, other securities offered hereby.

1.b. There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of common shares, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred shares, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common shares, preferred shares or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $300,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $300,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The $300,000,000 of securities registered hereunder includes $100,000,000 of common shares that may be offered, issued and sold pursuant to that certain Controlled Equity OfferingSM, dated May 13, 2026 by and between the registrant and Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common shares, preferred shares and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred shares or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of common shares and preferred shares as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of share splits, share dividends or similar transactions.

1.c. The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b under the heading "Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure" of Part II, Item 16, of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection o<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_Rule457oFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>14
<FILENAME>R3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.26.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>May 12, 2026 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt', window );">Total Offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt', window );">Previously Paid Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt', window );">Total Fee Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">41,430.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt', window );">Total Offset Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt', window );">Net Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 41,430.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_NetFeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlFeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOfferingAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOffsetAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>15
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
.report table.authRefData{
	background-color: #def;
	border: 2px solid #2F4497;
	font-size: 1em;
	position: absolute;
}

.report table.authRefData a {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report table.authRefData p {
	margin-top: 0px;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide {
	background-color: #2F4497;
	padding: 1px 3px 0px 0px;
	text-align: right;
}

.report table.authRefData .hide a:hover {
	background-color: #2F4497;
}

.report table.authRefData .body {
	height: 150px;
	overflow: auto;
	width: 400px;
}

.report table.authRefData table{
	font-size: 1em;
}

/* Report Styles */
.pl a, .pl a:visited {
	color: black;
	text-decoration: none;
}

/* table */
.report {
	background-color: white;
	border: 2px solid #acf;
	clear: both;
	color: black;
	font: normal 8pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}

.report hr {
	border: 1px solid #acf;
}

/* Top labels */
.report th {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

.report th.void	{
	background-color: transparent;
	color: #000000;
	font: bold 10pt Helvetica, Arial, san-serif;
	text-align: left;
}

.report .pl {
	text-align: left;
	vertical-align: top;
	white-space: normal;
	width: 200px;
	white-space: normal; /* word-wrap: break-word; */
}

.report td.pl a.a {
	cursor: pointer;
	display: block;
	width: 200px;
	overflow: hidden;
}

.report td.pl div.a {
	width: 200px;
}

.report td.pl a:hover {
	background-color: #ffc;
}

/* Header rows... */
.report tr.rh {
	background-color: #acf;
	color: black;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Calendars... */
.report .rc {
	background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

/* Even rows... */
.report .re, .report .reu {
	background-color: #def;
}

.report .reu td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

/* Odd rows... */
.report .ro, .report .rou {
	background-color: white;
}

.report .rou td {
	border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}

.report .rou table td, .report .reu table td {
	border-bottom: 0px solid black;
}

/* styles for footnote marker */
.report .fn {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* styles for numeric types */
.report .num, .report .nump {
	text-align: right;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

.report .nump {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

.report .nump {
	padding: 0px 0.4em 0px 2em;
}

/* styles for text types */
.report .text {
	text-align: left;
	white-space: normal;
}

.report .text .big {
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	width: 17em;
}

.report .text .more {
	display: none;
}

.report .text .note {
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.report .text .small {
	width: 10em;
}

.report sup {
	font-style: italic;
}

.report .outerFootnotes {
	font-size: 1em;
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>16
<FILENAME>Show.js
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
// Edgar(tm) Renderer was created by staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.  Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment are not subject to domestic copyright protection. 17 U.S.C. 105.
var Show={};Show.LastAR=null,Show.showAR=function(a,r,w){if(Show.LastAR)Show.hideAR();var e=a;while(e&&e.nodeName!='TABLE')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e||e.nodeName!='TABLE'){var ref=((window)?w.document:document).getElementById(r);if(ref){e=ref.cloneNode(!0);
e.removeAttribute('id');a.parentNode.appendChild(e)}}
if(e)e.style.display='block';Show.LastAR=e};Show.hideAR=function(){Show.LastAR.style.display='none'};Show.toggleNext=function(a){var e=a;while(e.nodeName!='DIV')e=e.nextSibling;if(!e.style){}else if(!e.style.display){}else{var d,p_;if(e.style.display=='none'){d='block';p='-'}else{d='none';p='+'}
e.style.display=d;if(a.textContent){a.textContent=p+a.textContent.substring(1)}else{a.innerText=p+a.innerText.substring(1)}}}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>18
<FILENAME>FilingSummary.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<FilingSummary>
  <Version>3.26.1</Version>
  <ProcessingTime/>
  <ReportFormat>html</ReportFormat>
  <ContextCount>6</ContextCount>
  <ElementCount>21</ElementCount>
  <EntityCount>1</EntityCount>
  <FootnotesReported>false</FootnotesReported>
  <SegmentCount>1</SegmentCount>
  <ScenarioCount>0</ScenarioCount>
  <TuplesReported>false</TuplesReported>
  <UnitCount>2</UnitCount>
  <MyReports>
    <Report instance="tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R1.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995210 - Document - Submission</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Submission</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>1</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R2.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995211 - Document - Offerings</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Offerings</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>2</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report instance="tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm">
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <HtmlFileName>R3.htm</HtmlFileName>
      <LongName>995215 - Document - Fees Summary</LongName>
      <ReportType>Sheet</ReportType>
      <Role>http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable</Role>
      <ShortName>Fees Summary</ShortName>
      <MenuCategory>Cover</MenuCategory>
      <Position>3</Position>
    </Report>
    <Report>
      <IsDefault>false</IsDefault>
      <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
      <LongName>All Reports</LongName>
      <ReportType>Book</ReportType>
      <ShortName>All Reports</ShortName>
    </Report>
  </MyReports>
  <InputFiles>
    <File doctype="EX-FILING FEES" original="tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm">tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm</File>
  </InputFiles>
  <SupplementalFiles/>
  <BaseTaxonomies>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="3">http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026</BaseTaxonomy>
    <BaseTaxonomy items="35">http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026</BaseTaxonomy>
  </BaseTaxonomies>
  <HasPresentationLinkbase>false</HasPresentationLinkbase>
  <HasCalculationLinkbase>false</HasCalculationLinkbase>
</FilingSummary>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>JSON
<SEQUENCE>20
<FILENAME>MetaLinks.json
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
{
 "version": "2.2",
 "instance": {
  "tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm": {
   "dts": {
    "inline": {
     "local": [
      "tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm"
     ]
    },
    "schema": {
     "remote": [
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xl-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xlink-2003-12-31.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd",
      "http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/deprecated-2009-12-16.xsd",
      "https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd",
      "https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026/ffd-2026.xsd"
     ]
    }
   },
   "keyStandard": 21,
   "keyCustom": 0,
   "axisStandard": 1,
   "axisCustom": 0,
   "memberStandard": 1,
   "memberCustom": 0,
   "hidden": {
    "total": 12,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026": 10,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026": 2
   },
   "contextCount": 6,
   "entityCount": 1,
   "segmentCount": 1,
   "elementCount": 107,
   "unitCount": 2,
   "baseTaxonomies": {
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026": 35,
    "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026": 3
   },
   "report": {
    "R1": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable",
     "longName": "995210 - Document - Submission",
     "shortName": "Submission",
     "isDefault": "true",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "1",
     "firstAnchor": null,
     "uniqueAnchor": null
    },
    "R2": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
     "longName": "995211 - Document - Offerings",
     "shortName": "Offerings",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "2",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "offrl_1",
      "name": "ffd:Rule457oFlg",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "offrl_1",
      "name": "ffd:Rule457oFlg",
      "unitRef": null,
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": "en-US",
      "decimals": null,
      "ancestors": [
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    },
    "R3": {
     "role": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable",
     "longName": "995215 - Document - Fees Summary",
     "shortName": "Fees Summary",
     "isDefault": "false",
     "groupType": "Fee_Exhibit",
     "subGroupType": "",
     "menuCat": "Cover",
     "order": "3",
     "firstAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "rc",
      "name": "ffd:TtlOfferingAmt",
      "unitRef": "USD",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "2",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     },
     "uniqueAnchor": {
      "contextRef": "rc",
      "name": "ffd:TtlOfferingAmt",
      "unitRef": "USD",
      "xsiNil": "false",
      "lang": null,
      "decimals": "2",
      "ancestors": [
       "p",
       "td",
       "tr",
       "table",
       "div",
       "body",
       "html"
      ],
      "reportCount": 1,
      "baseRef": "tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees.htm",
      "first": true,
      "unique": true
     }
    }
   },
   "tag": {
    "ffd_AggtRedRpPricFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "AggtRedRpPricFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased Price, Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased, FY"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AggtRedRpPricPrrFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "AggtRedRpPricPrrFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased Price, Prior Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Redeemed or Repurchased, Prior FY"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AggtSalesPricFsclYr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "AggtSalesPricFsclYr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Aggregate Sales Price, Fiscal Year",
        "terseLabel": "Aggregate Sales Price"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtRedCdts": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "AmtRedCdts",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Redemption Credits",
        "terseLabel": "Redemption Credits"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtSctiesRcvd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "AmtSctiesRcvd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Securities Received",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Securities Received",
        "documentation": "Amount of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_AmtSctiesRegd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "AmtSctiesRegd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Amount of Securities Registered",
        "terseLabel": "Amount Registered",
        "documentation": "The amount of securities being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CeasedOprsDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CeasedOprsDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Ceased Operations Date",
        "terseLabel": "Ceased Operations Date"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_CfwdFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CfwdFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward Form Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6). This should be an EDGAR submission type (S-3, S-3/A, S-3ASR, etc.), which means there is a fixed set of possible responses. Note that while the XBRL response should be an EDGAR submission type, the human-readable Ex. 107 could include a simpler label (e.g., \"Form S-3\" in the human-readable and \"S-3ASR\" in the XBRL)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrevslyPdFee": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CfwdPrevslyPdFee",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Previously Paid Fee",
        "terseLabel": "Filing Fee Previously Paid in Connection with Unsold Securities to be Carried Forward",
        "documentation": "The fee previously paid in connection with the securities being brought forward from the prior shelf registration statement on which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrrFctvDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CfwdPrrFctvDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward Prior Effective Date",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward Initial Effective Date",
        "documentation": "The initial effective date of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CfwdPrrFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CfwdPrrFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Carry Forward File Number",
        "terseLabel": "Carry Forward File Number",
        "documentation": "The EDGAR File Number of the prior shelf registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under 415(a)(6). If the prior registration statement has a Securities Act File Number and an Investment Company Act File Number, the Securities Act File Number should be used."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsItemAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsItemAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus Item [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different references to earlier prospectuses on a single fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CmbndPrspctsTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CmbndPrspctsTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Table"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CombinedProspectusTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Combined Prospectus Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_CshPdByRegistrantInTx": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CshPdByRegistrantInTx",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash Paid by Registrant in Transaction",
        "terseLabel": "Cash Consideration Paid",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash consideration paid by registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction being registered (in a 457(f) calculation)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r12"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_CshRcvdByRegistrantInTx": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "CshRcvdByRegistrantInTx",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Cash Received by Registrant in Transaction",
        "terseLabel": "Cash Consideration Received",
        "documentation": "Amount of cash consideration received by registrant in connection with the exchange or other transaction being registered (in a 457(f) calculation)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r12"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityCentralIndexKey": {
     "xbrltype": "centralIndexKeyItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026",
     "localname": "EntityCentralIndexKey",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Central Index Key",
        "terseLabel": "Central Index Key",
        "documentation": "A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "dei_EntityRegistrantName": {
     "xbrltype": "normalizedStringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026",
     "localname": "EntityRegistrantName",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Entity Registrant Name",
        "terseLabel": "Registrant Name",
        "documentation": "The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r0"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Registration Fee",
        "documentation": "Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeExhibitTp": {
     "xbrltype": "feeExhibitTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeeExhibitTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Exhibit Type",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Exhibit Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_FeeIntrstAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeeIntrstAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Interest Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Interest Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeeNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Note",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeNoteMaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeeNoteMaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Note Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Note MAOP"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeeRate": {
     "xbrltype": "percentItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeeRate",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Rate",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Rate",
        "documentation": "The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeesOthrRuleFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeesOthrRuleFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fees, Other Rule [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Other Rule",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using a rule other than 457(a), 457(o), or 457(f) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FeesSummaryLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fees Summary [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Fees Summary:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FnlPrspctsFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FnlPrspctsFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Final Prospectus [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Final Prospectus"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_FormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "FormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_GnlInstrIIhiFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "GnlInstrIIhiFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "General Instruction II.H,I [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "General Instruction II.H,I"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrCity": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrCity",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, City",
        "terseLabel": "City"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStatOrCtryCd": {
     "xbrltype": "stateOrCountryCodeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStatOrCtryCd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, State or Country Code",
        "terseLabel": "State or Country Code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStrt1": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStrt1",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Street 1",
        "terseLabel": "Street 1"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrStrt2": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrStrt2",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Street 2",
        "terseLabel": "Street 2"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrBizAdrZipCd": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "IssrBizAdrZipCd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Business Address, Zip Code",
        "terseLabel": "Zip Code"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_IssrNm": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "IssrNm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Issuer Name",
        "terseLabel": "Issuer Name"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "MaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "documentation": "The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_MaxOfferingPricPerScty": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "MaxOfferingPricPerScty",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Maximum Offering Price per Security",
        "terseLabel": "Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Unit",
        "documentation": "The maximum offering price per share/unit being registered."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NetFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "monetaryItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "NetFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Net Fee"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NetSalesAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "NetSalesAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Net Sales Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Net Sales"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvDsclsr": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "NrrtvDsclsr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative Disclosure"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvMaxAggtAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "NrrtvMaxAggtAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure, Maximum Aggregate Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative - Max Aggregate Offering Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Narrative Disclosure, Maximum Aggregate Offering Price",
        "terseLabel": "Narrative - Max Aggregate Offering Price"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OfferingAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different security offerings on a single fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OfferingLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OfferingNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Note",
        "terseLabel": "Offering Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingSctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OfferingSctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Class Title",
        "documentation": "The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingSctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OfferingSctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type",
        "documentation": "Type of securities: \"Asset-backed Securities\", \"ADRs/ADSs\", \"Debt\", \"Debt Convertible into Equity\", \"Equity\", \"Face Amount Certificates\", \"Limited Partnership Interests\", \"Mortgage Backed Securities\", \"Non-Convertible Debt\", \"Unallocated (Universal) Shelf\", \"Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities\", \"Other\""
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OfferingTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OfferingTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OfferingTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OfferingTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offering Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Offering Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_OffsetAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Offset",
        "documentation": "A sequence number (1, 2, 3...) used to distinguish different offsets as applied to a fee bearing submission."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmInitlFilgDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetClmInitlFilgDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claim Initial Filing Date",
        "terseLabel": "Initial Filing Date",
        "documentation": "The initial filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid for a claimed offset. If the offset fee was paid with an amendment, do not provide the amendment date under this element; instead, provide the date of the initial filing (i.e. the \"parent\" filing) ."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetClmdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claimed Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The amount of offsetting fees being claimed."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetClmdInd": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetClmdInd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Claimed Indicator",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Claimed"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetExpltnForClmdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetExpltnForClmdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Explanation for Claimed Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Explanation for Claimed Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Offset:",
        "label": "Offset [Line Items]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Note",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source",
        "documentation": "The fee previously paid from which an offset is being derived."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior File Number",
        "terseLabel": "File Number",
        "documentation": "The EDGAR File Number of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid. If the offset filing for the offset has a Securities Act File Number and an Investment Company Act File Number, the Securities Act File Number should be used."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFilerNm": {
     "xbrltype": "filerNameItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFilerNm",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Filer Name",
        "terseLabel": "Registrant or Filer Name",
        "documentation": "The name of the registrant that filed the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form or Filing Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the offset filing."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrNbOfUnsoldScties": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal8ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrNbOfUnsoldScties",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Unsold Number of Securities",
        "terseLabel": "Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The number of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are associated with the claimed offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrSctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The title of the class of securities from which offset fees were derived."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrSctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrSctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "Type of securities: \"Asset-backed Securities\", \"ADRs/ADSs\", \"Debt\", \"Debt Convertible into Equity\", \"Equity\", \"Face Amount Certificates\", \"Limited Partnership Interests\", \"Mortgage Backed Securities\", \"Non-Convertible Debt\", \"Unallocated (Universal) Shelf\", \"Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities\", \"Other\""
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetPrrUnsoldOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Prior Unsold Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed",
        "documentation": "The aggregate offering amount of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are associated with the claimed offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetSrcFilgDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetSrcFilgDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Source Filing Date",
        "terseLabel": "Filing Date",
        "documentation": "The filing date of the earlier registration statement with which the earlier (offsetting) fee was paid in an offset."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5",
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Offset Payment:",
        "label": "Offset [Table]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_OffsetTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "OffsetTableNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Offset Table [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Offset Table N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_PrevslyPdFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "PrevslyPdFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable",
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Fee Previously Paid [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Fee Previously Paid"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_RegnFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "RegnFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Registration File Number",
        "terseLabel": "Registration File Number"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_RptgFsclYrEndDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "RptgFsclYrEndDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Reporting Fiscal Year End Date",
        "terseLabel": "Reporting FY End Date"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule011Flg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule011Flg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 0-11 [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 0-11"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule011a2OffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule011a2OffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "terseLabel": "Rule 0-11(a)(2) Offset",
        "label": "Rule 0-11(a)(2) Offset [Flag]"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_Rule415a6Flg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule415a6Flg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 415(a)(6) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 415(a)(6)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming a 415(a)(6) carryforward."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r2"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429AggtOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429AggtOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Aggregate Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered",
        "documentation": "The maximum aggregate offering amount of unsold securities registered on the prior registration statement that are carried forward under Rule 429. Only applicable if 457(o) was used in the fee calculation for the prior registration statement."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429CmbndPrspctsFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429CmbndPrspctsFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Combined Prospectus [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 429",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using a combined prospectus under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429EarlierFileNb": {
     "xbrltype": "fileNumberItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429EarlierFileNb",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Earlier File Number",
        "terseLabel": "File Number",
        "documentation": "The Securities Act File Number of the earlier effective registration statement(s) from which securities may be offered and sold using the combined prospectus pursuant to Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429EarlierFormTp": {
     "xbrltype": "formTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429EarlierFormTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Earlier Form Type",
        "terseLabel": "Form Type",
        "documentation": "The Form Type of the earlier registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under Rule 429. This should be an EDGAR submission type (S-3, S-3/A, S-3ASR, etc.), which means there is a fixed set of possible responses. Note that while the XBRL response should be an EDGAR submission type, the human-readable Ex. 107 could include a simpler label (e.g., \"Form S-3\" in the human-readable and \"S-3ASR\" in the XBRL)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429InitlFctvDt": {
     "xbrltype": "dateItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429InitlFctvDt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Initial Effective Date",
        "terseLabel": "Initial Effective Date",
        "documentation": "The filing date of the earlier registration statement from which unsold securities are carried forward under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429NbOfUnsoldScties": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429NbOfUnsoldScties",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Number Of Unsold Securities",
        "terseLabel": "Amount of Securities Previously Registered",
        "documentation": "The number of securities registered on the prior registration statement that are carried forward under Rule 429."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r3"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429PrspctsNote": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429PrspctsNote",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Prospectus Note",
        "terseLabel": "Combined Prospectus Note"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429SctyTitl": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTitleItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429SctyTitl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Security Title",
        "terseLabel": "Security Class Title"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule429SctyTp": {
     "xbrltype": "securityTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule429SctyTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesByCmbndPrspctsTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 429 Security Type",
        "terseLabel": "Security Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457aFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457aFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(a) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(a)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(a) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r4"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457bOffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457bOffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(b) Offset [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(b) Offset",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming an offset under Rule 457(b) or 0-11(a)(2)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r5"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457fFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457fFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(f) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(f)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(f) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457oFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457oFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(o) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(o)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r7"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457pOffsetFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457pOffsetFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(p) Offset [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(p) Offset",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is claiming an offset under Rule 457(p)."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r8"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457rFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457rFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(r) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(r)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r9"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457sFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457sFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(s) Flag",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(s)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r10"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Rule457uFlg": {
     "xbrltype": "booleanItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Rule457uFlg",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Rule 457(u) [Flag]",
        "terseLabel": "Rule 457(u)",
        "documentation": "Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(u) to calculate the registration fee due."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r11"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iAxis": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Scties424iAxis",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Axis]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Scties424iLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I:"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Scties424iTable": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Scties424iTable",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/securities424iTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities, 424I [Table]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities, 424I Table"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_Securities424iTableNa": {
     "xbrltype": "naItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "Securities424iNa",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Securities 424I [N/A]",
        "terseLabel": "Securities 424I N/A"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_SubmissionLineItems": {
     "xbrltype": "stringItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "SubmissionLineItems",
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Submission [Line Items]",
        "terseLabel": "Items"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_SubmissnTp": {
     "xbrltype": "submissionTypeItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "SubmissnTp",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/submissionTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Submission Type",
        "terseLabel": "Submission Type"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_TermntnCmpltnWdrwl": {
     "xbrltype": "textBlockItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TermntnCmpltnWdrwl",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOffsetTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Termination / Completion / Withdrawal Statement",
        "terseLabel": "Termination / Withdrawal Statement"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_TtlFeeAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TtlFeeAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Fee Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Fee Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlFeeAndIntrstAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TtlFeeAndIntrstAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Fee and Interest Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Fee and Interest Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlOfferingAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TtlOfferingAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Offering Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Offering"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlOffsetAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TtlOffsetAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Offset Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Total Offset Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TtlPrevslyPdAmt",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Previously Paid Amount",
        "terseLabel": "Previously Paid Amount"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TtlTxValtn": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TtlTxValtn",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesSummaryTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Total Transaction Valuation",
        "terseLabel": "Total Transaction Valuation"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r1"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_TxValtn": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "TxValtn",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Transaction Valuation",
        "terseLabel": "Transaction Valuation"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": []
    },
    "ffd_ValSctiesRcvd": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "ValSctiesRcvd",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Value of Securities Received",
        "terseLabel": "Value of Securities Received",
        "documentation": "Value of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form)"
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    },
    "ffd_ValSctiesRcvdPerShr": {
     "xbrltype": "nonNegativeDecimal4lItemType",
     "nsuri": "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026",
     "localname": "ValSctiesRcvdPerShr",
     "presentation": [
      "http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/role/document/feesOfferingTable"
     ],
     "lang": {
      "en-us": {
       "role": {
        "label": "Value of Securities Received, Per Share",
        "terseLabel": "Value of Securities Received, Per Share",
        "documentation": "Value per share of securities to be received by the registrant (or cancelled upon issuance of securities to be registered on the form). This is included in the explanation of 457(f) fee calculation."
       }
      }
     },
     "auth_ref": [
      "r6"
     ]
    }
   }
  }
 },
 "std_ref": {
  "r0": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Section": "12",
   "Subsection": "b-2"
  },
  "r1": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230"
  },
  "r2": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "415",
   "Subsection": "a"
  },
  "r3": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "429"
  },
  "r4": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457"
  },
  "r5": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "b"
  },
  "r6": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "f"
  },
  "r7": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "o"
  },
  "r8": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "p"
  },
  "r9": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "r"
  },
  "r10": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "s"
  },
  "r11": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Section": "457",
   "Subsection": "u"
  },
  "r12": {
   "role": "http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Name": "Securities Act",
   "Number": "230",
   "Subsection": "f",
   "Section": "457"
  }
 }
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>ZIP
<SEQUENCE>21
<FILENAME>0001104659-26-060391-xbrl.zip
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 0001104659-26-060391-xbrl.zip
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%#P     !

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>22
<FILENAME>tm2614252d1_ex-filingfees_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026"
  xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
    <link:schemaRef
      xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2026/ffd-2026.xsd"
      xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="rc">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2026-05-12</startDate>
            <endDate>2026-05-12</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_1">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>1</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2026-05-12</startDate>
            <endDate>2026-05-12</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_2">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>2</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2026-05-12</startDate>
            <endDate>2026-05-12</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_3">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>3</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2026-05-12</startDate>
            <endDate>2026-05-12</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_4">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>4</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2026-05-12</startDate>
            <endDate>2026-05-12</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <context id="offrl_5">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001408443</identifier>
            <segment>
                <xbrldi:typedMember dimension="ffd:OfferingAxis">
                    <dei:lineNo>5</dei:lineNo>
                </xbrldi:typedMember>
            </segment>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2026-05-12</startDate>
            <endDate>2026-05-12</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="pure">
        <measure>pure</measure>
    </unit>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-394">S-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <ffd:SubmissnTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-395">S-3</ffd:SubmissnTp>
    <ffd:FeeExhibitTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-396">EX-FILING FEES</ffd:FeeExhibitTp>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="rc" id="ixv-397">0001408443</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="rc" id="ixv-398">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:OfferingTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOfferingTableNa" xsi:nil="true"/>
    <ffd:OffsetTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">N/A</ffd:OffsetTableNa>
    <ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">N/A</ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_1"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-402"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_2"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-403"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-404"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-405"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-466">S-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="rc" id="ixv-467">Milestone Pharmaceuticals Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-468">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-469">Common Shares, no par value per share</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-470">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-471">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-472">Preferred Shares, no par value per share </ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-473">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-474">Debt</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-475">Debt Securities</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-476">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-477">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-478">Warrants</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-479">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-480">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-481">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-482">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-483"
      unitRef="USD">300000000.00</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-484"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-485"
      unitRef="USD">41430.00</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOfferingAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-486" unitRef="USD">300000000.00</ffd:TtlOfferingAmt>
    <ffd:TtlFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-487" unitRef="USD">41430.00</ffd:TtlFeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-488" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOffsetAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-489" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOffsetAmt>
    <ffd:NetFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-490" unitRef="USD">41430.00</ffd:NetFeeAmt>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-491">1.a. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon the conversion or exercise of, or in exchange for, other securities offered hereby.

1.b. There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of common shares, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred shares, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common shares, preferred shares or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $300,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $300,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The $300,000,000 of securities registered hereunder includes $100,000,000 of common shares that may be offered, issued and sold pursuant to that certain Controlled Equity OfferingSM, dated May 13, 2026 by and between the registrant and Cantor Fitzgerald &amp;amp; Co. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common shares, preferred shares and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred shares or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of common shares and preferred shares as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of share splits, share dividends or similar transactions.

1.c. The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b under the heading "Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure" of Part II, Item 16, of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.</ffd:OfferingNote>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
