EXHIBIT 1

      JOINT FILING AGREEMENT AMONG FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC.,
        ORKNEY HOLDINGS, INC., ERIC F. BILLINGS, AND EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN

     WHEREAS, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) under the Securities and Exchange
Act of 1934 (the "Act"),  only one joint  statement and any  amendments  thereto
need to be filed  whenever  one or more  persons  are  required  to file  such a
statement or any  amendments  thereto  pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Act with
respect to the same securities, provided that said persons agree in writing that
such statement or amendments thereto is filed on behalf of each of them;

     NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

     FRIEDMAN,  BILLINGS,  RAMSEY GROUP,  INC.,  ORKNEY HOLDINGS,  INC., ERIC F.
BILLINGS, AND EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN hereby agree, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k)
under the Act, to file a statement on Schedule  13G relating to their  ownership
of Common Stock of the Issuer and do hereby  further  agree that said  statement
shall be filed on behalf of each of them.


                                      FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC.

Dated:     February 13, 2002          By: /s/ EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN
                                      ---------------------------------
                                      Name:  Emanuel J. Friedman
                                      Title: Chairman



                                      ORKNEY HOLDINGS, INC.

Dated:     February 13, 2002         By: /s/ KURT R. HARRINGTON
                                     -----------------------------------
                                     Name:  Kurt R. Harrington
                                     Title: President



Dated:    February 13, 2002           /s/ ERIC F. BILLINGS
                                      ----------------------------------
                                      Eric F. Billings



Dated:   February 13, 2002           /s/ EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN
                                     ----------------------------------
                                      Emanuel J. Friedman




