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INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL (Block) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Goodwil And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure Text Block | 4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL Goodwill and certain intangible assets are not amortized for book purposes. They may be, however, amortized for tax purposes. The Company accounts for its acquired broadcasting licenses as indefinite-lived intangible assets and, similar to goodwill, these assets are reviewed at least annually for impairment. At the time of each review, if the fair va lue is less than the carrying value of goodwill and certain intangibles (such as broadcasting licenses), then a charge is recorded to the results of operations. Subsequent to the Company’s annual impairment test conducted during the second quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a $0.7 million impairment charge related to a potential disposal of assets in one of its markets. The following table presents the changes in broadcasting licenses.
|  | Broadcasting Licenses
|  | Carrying Amount
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
|  | (amounts in thousands)
Broadcasting licenses balance as of January 1, |  | $ | 2,649,959 |  | $ | 823,195
Disposition of an FCC broadcasting license to facilitate the CBS Merger |  |  | - |  |  | (13,500)
Consolidation (deconsolidation) of a VIE - 2017 Charlotte Acquisition |  |  | - |  |  | (15,738)
Acquisition of radio stations - 2017 Charlotte Acquisition |  |  | - |  |  | 17,174
Acquisition of radio stations - CBS Radio Merger |  |  | - |  |  | 1,880,400
Disposition of FCC broadcasting licenses - EMF Sale |  |  | - |  |  | (54,661)
Acquisition of a radio station - Beasley Transaction |  |  | - |  |  | 35,944
Acquisition of radio stations - iHeartMedia Transaction |  |  | - |  |  | 50,621
Disposition of radio stations - iHeartMedia Transaction |  |  | - |  |  | (7,462)
Assets held for sale - Bonneville Transaction |  |  | - |  |  | (66,014)
Acquisition of radio stations - Emmis Acquisition |  |  | 12,785 |  |  | -
Acquisition of a radio station - Jerry Lee Transaction |  |  | 27,346 |  |  | -
Loss on impairment |  |  | (702) |  |  | -
Disposition of a radio station - WXTU Transaction |  |  | (25,607) |  |  | -
Ending period balance |  | $ | 2,663,781 |  | $ | 2,649,959
The following table presents the changes in goodwill.
|  | Goodwill Carrying Amount
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
|  | (amounts in thousands)
Goodwill balance before cumulative loss |  |  |  |  |
on impairment as of January 1, | $ | 988,056 |  | $ | 158,333
Accumulated loss on impairment as of January 1, |  | (126,056) |  |  | (125,615)
Goodwill beginning balance after cumulative loss |  |  |  |  |
on impairment as of January 1, |  | 862,000 |  |  | 32,718
Loss on impairment during year |  | - |  |  | (441)
Acquisition of radio stations - 2017 Charlotte Acquisition |  |  | - |  |  | 43
Acquisition of radio stations - CBS Radio Merger |  | - |  |  | 820,961
Disposition of goodwill - EMF sale |  |  | - |  |  | (266)
Acquisition of a radio station - Beasley Transaction |  |  | - |  |  | 289
Acquisition of radio stations -iHeartMedia Transaction |  |  | - |  |  | 11,700
Disposition of radio stations - iHeartMedia Transaction |  |  | - |  |  | (14)
Assets held for sale - Bonneville Transaction |  | - |  |  | (2,990)
Disposition of a radio station - WXTU Transaction |  |  | (8,623) |  |  | -
Measurement period adjustments to acquired goodwill |  | (6,651) |  |  | -
Acquisition of radio stations - Emmis Acquisition |  | 332 |  |  | -
Acquisition of a radio station - Jerry Lee Transaction |  |  | 24,396 |  |  | -
Ending period balance | $ | 871,454 |  | $ | 862,000
Broadcasting Licenses Impairment Test The Company performs its annual broadcasting license impairment test during the second quarter of each year by evaluating its broadcasting licenses for impairment at the market level using the Greenfield method. During the second quarter of the current year and each of the past several years, t he Company completed its annual impairment test for broadcasting licenses and determined that the fair value of its broadcasting licenses was greater than the amount reflected in the balance sheet for each of the Company’s markets and, accordingly, no impairment was recorded. All of the Company’s broadcasting licenses, with the exception of the broadcasting licenses acquired in the Jerry Lee Transaction du ring the third quarter of the current year, were subject to the annual impairment test conducted in the second quarter of the current year. For the station acquired in the Jerry Lee Transaction, similar valuation techniques that were used in the annual impair ment testing process were applied to the valuation of the broadcasting licenses under purchase price accounting. The valuation of the acquired broadcasting licenses approximates fair value. E ach market’s broadcasting licenses are combined into a single unit of accounting for purposes of testing impairment, as the broadcasting licenses in each market are operated as a single asset. The Company determines the fair value of the broadcasting licenses in each of its markets by relying on a discounted cash flow approach (a 10-year income model) assuming a start-up scenario in which the only assets held by an investor are broadcasting licenses. The Company’s fair value analysis contains assumptions based upon past experience, reflects expectations of industry observers and includes judgments about future performance using industry normalized information for an average station within a certain market. These as sumptions inc lude, but are not limited to: (i) the discount rate; (ii) the market share and profit margin of an average station within a market, based upon market size and station type; (iii) the forecast growth rate of each radio market; (iv) the estimated ca pital start-up costs and losses inc urred during the early years; (v) the likely media competition within the market area; (vi) the tax rate; and (vii) future terminal values. The methodology used by the Company in determining its key estimates and assumpti ons was applied consistently to each market. Of the seven variables identified above, the Company believes that the assumptions in items (i) through (iii) above are the most important and sensitive in the determination of fair value. The following table reflects the estimates and assumptions used in the second quarter of each year.
| Estimates And Assumptions
| Second |  | Second
| Quarter |  | Quarter
| 2018 |  | 2017
Discount rate | 9.00% |  | 9.25%
Operating profit margin ranges expected |  |  |
for average stations in the markets |  |  |
where the Company operates | 22% to 37% |  | 19% to 40%
Long-term revenue growth rate range |  |  |
of the Company's markets | 0.5% to 1.0% |  | 1.0% to 2.0%
The Company has made reasonable estimates and assumptions to calculate the fair value of its broadcasting licenses. T hese estimates and assumptions could be materially different from actual results. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the industry or the Company, or if events occur or circumstances change that would reduce the fair value of the Company’s broadcasting licenses below the amount reflected in the balance sheet, the Company may be required to conduct an interim test and possibly recognize impairment charges, which may be material, in future periods. There were no events or circumstances since the Company’s second quarter annual license impairment test that indicated an interim review of broadcasting licenses was required. Goodwill Impairment Test The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test during the second quarter of each year. The amended accounting guidance for accounting for goodwill impairment eliminated the second step of the goodwill impairment test, which reduced the cost and complexity of evaluating goodwill for impairment. The Company adopted this amended accounting gui dance in the second quarter of 2017. Under the former accounting guidance, the second step of the impairment test required the Company to compute the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and l iabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Under the amended guidance, if the carrying amount of goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company will consider the goodwill to be impaired. In prior years, the Company determined that each individual radio market wa s a reporting unit and the Company assessed goodwill in each of the Company’s markets. Under the amended guidance, i f the fa ir value of any reporting unit wa s less than the amount reflected on the balance sheet, the Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. As a result of the change to a single operating segment, the Company reassessed its reporting unit determination. Following the Company’s Merger with CBS Radio in November 2017, the Company’s radio broadcasting operations increased from 28 radio mark ets to 48 radio markets. Each market is a component one level beneath the single operating segment. Because each market is economically similar, all 48 markets have been aggregated into a single reporting unit for the goodwill impairment assessment. In response to the realignment in the Company’s operating segments and reporting units, the Company considered whether the event represented a triggering event for interim goodwill impairment testing. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, and prior to con ducting the current year annual impairment testing described below, the Company made an evaluation, based on factors such as each reporting unit’s total market share and changes in operating cash flow margins, and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units exceeded their carrying values at the time of the realignment. Current Year Methodology In connection with the Company’s current year annual impairment assessment, the Company used an income approach in computing the fair value of the Company. This approach utilized a discounted cash flow method by projecting the Company’s income over a specified time and capitalizing at an appropriate market rate to arrive at an indication of the most proba ble selling price. Management believes that this approach is commonly used and is an appropriate methodology for valuing the Company. Factors contributing to the determination of the Company’s operating performance were historical performance and/or mana gement’s estimates of future performance. Prior Year Methodology In connection with the Company’s prior year annual impairment assessment, t he Company first assessed qualitative factors to determine whether it was necessary to perform a quantitative asse ssment for each reporting unit. These qualitative factors included, but were not limited to: (i) macroeconomic conditions; (ii) radio broadcasting industry considerations; (iii) financial performance of reporting units; (iv) Company-specific events; and (v) a sustained decrease in the Company’s share price. If the quantitative assessment was necessary, the Company determined the fair value of the goodwill allocated to each reporting unit. To determine the fair value, the Company used a market approach a nd, when appropriate, an income approach in computing the fair value of each reporting unit. The market approach calculated the fair value of each market’s radio stations by analyzing recent sales and offering prices of similar properties expressed as a mu ltiple of cash flow. The income approach utilized a discounted cash flow method by projecting the subject property’s income over a specified time and capitalizing at an appropriate market rate to arrive at an indication of the most probable selling price. Management believes that these approaches are commonly used and appropriate methodologies for valuing broadcast radio stations. Factors contributing to the determination of the reporting unit’s operating performance were historical performance and/or man agement’s estimates of future performance. The Assumptions And Results The following table reflects the estimates and assumptions used in the second quarter of each year:
| Estimates And Assumptions
| Second |  | Second
| Quarter |  | Quarter
| 2018 |  | 2017
Discount rate | 9.00% |  | 9.25%
Long-term revenue growth rate range |  |  |
of the Company (or its markets) | 1.0% |  | 1.0% to 2.0%
Market multiple used in the market |  |  |
valuation approach | not applicable |  | 7.5x to 8.0x
During the second quarter of the current year, the Company’s quantitative assessment indicated that the fair value of goodwill exceeded the carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the Company. Accordingly, the Company did not recognize an impairment charge during the second quarter of 2018. During the second quarter of the prior year, the Company’s quantitative assessment indicated that the goodwill allocated to its Boston, Massachusetts market was impaired. The amount by which the carrying value e xceeded the fair value was larger than the amount of goodwill allocated to this specific reporting unit. As a result, the Company determined the entire carrying amount of goodwill for this specific reporting unit was impaired and recorded an impairment lo ss during the second quarter of 2017 in the amount of $0.4 million. All of the Company’s goodwill, with the exception of the goodwill acquired in the Jerry Lee Transaction during the third quarter of the current year, was subject to the annual impairment test conducted in the second quarter of the current year. For the station acquired in the Jerry Lee Transaction, similar valuation techniques that were used in the annual impairment testing process were applied to the valuation of the goodwill under purchase price accounting. The valuation of the acquired goodwill approximates fair value. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the industry or the Company, or if events occur or circumstances change that would reduce the fair value of the Company’s goodwill below the amount reflected in the balance sheet, the C ompany may be required to conduct an interim test and possibly recognize impairment charges, which could be material, in future periods. There were no events or circumstances since the Company’s second quarter annual goodwill test that indicated an interim review of goodwill was required.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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