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SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY
Class B Common Stock
Shares of Class B common stock are transferable only to Joseph M. Field, David J. Field, certain of their family members, their estates and trusts for any of their benefit. Upon any other transfer, shares of Class B common stock automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.
Dividends
The Company's quarterly dividend program has been suspended since 2020. As such, the Company did not pay any dividends during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022. Any future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors based upon the relevant factors at the time of such consideration, including, without limitation, compliance with the restrictions set forth in the Company's Credit Facility and the Notes.
Under the Old Credit Facility, the Old 2027 Notes and the Old 2029 Notes, the Company may be restricted in the amount available for dividends, share repurchases, investments, and debt repurchases in the future based upon its Consolidated Net First-Lien Leverage Ratio. The amount available can increase over time based upon the Company’s financial performance and used when its Consolidated Net First-Lien Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to the maximum Secured Leverage Ratio permitted at the time. There are certain other limitations that apply to its use.
Dividend Equivalents
The Company’s grants of restricted stock units ("RSUs") include the right, upon vesting, to receive a cash payment equal to the aggregate amount of dividends, if any, that holders would have received on the shares of common stock underlying their RSUs if such RSUs had been vested during the period.
The following table presents the amounts accrued and unpaid on unvested RSUs:
As of December 31,
Dividend Equivalent LiabilitiesBalance Sheet Location20232022
(amounts in thousands)
Short-termOther current liabilities$1 $229 
Long-termOther long-term liabilities19 1 
Total$20 $230 
Deemed Stock Repurchase When RSUs Vest
Upon vesting of RSUs, a tax obligation is created for both the employer and the employee. Unless employees elect to pay their tax withholding obligations in cash, the Company withholds shares of stock in an amount sufficient to cover their tax withholding obligations. The withholding of these shares by the Company is deemed to be a repurchase of its stock. The following table provides summary information on the deemed repurchase of vested RSUs:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(amounts in thousands)
Shares of stock deemed repurchased28 23 
Amount recorded as financing activity$129 $1,883 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On May 10, 2022 the Company approved an amendment and restatement of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) to increase the number of shares available for issuance thereunder.
The Company’s ESPP allows participants to purchase the Company’s stock at a price equal to 85% of the market value of such shares on the purchase date. The maximum number of shares authorized to be issued under the amended ESPP is 66,667. Pursuant to this plan, the Company does not record compensation expense to the employee as income subject to tax on the difference between the market value and the purchase price, as this plan was designed to meet the requirements of Section 423(b) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"). The Company recognizes the 15% discount in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as non-cash compensation expense. Following the purchase of shares under the ESPP for the first quarter of 2020, the Company temporarily suspended the ESPP. The ESPP resumed on July 1, 2021 and suspended again effective January 1, 2023. The following table presents the amount of shares purchased and non-cash compensation expense recognized in connection with the ESPP:
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(amounts in thousands)
Number of shares purchased— 19 
Non-cash compensation expense recognized
$— $64 
Share Repurchase Program
On November 2, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors announced a share repurchase program (the “2017 Share Repurchase Program”) to permit the Company to purchase up to $100.0 million of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock through open market purchases. Shares repurchased by the Company under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program will be at the discretion of the Company based upon the relevant factors at the time of such consideration, including, without limitation, compliance with the restrictions set forth in the Company’s Old Credit Facility, the Old 2027 Notes and the Old 2029 Notes.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not repurchase any shares under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program.