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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Operations      
Net Income – Linde plc $ 2,501 $ 2,285 $ 4,381
Less: income from discontinued operations, net of tax and noncontrolling interests (4) (102) (108)
Add: Noncontrolling interests from continuing operations 125 89 15
Income From Continuing Operations (Including Noncontrolling Interests) 2,622 2,272 4,288
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Cost Reduction Programs and other charges, net of payments 258 (236) 40
Amortization of merger-related inventory step-up 0 12 368
Tax Act income tax charge, net 0 0 (61)
Depreciation and amortization 4,626 4,675 1,830
Deferred income taxes, excluding Tax Act (369) (303) (187)
Share-based compensation 133 95 62
Net gain on sale of businesses, net of tax 0 (108) (2,923)
Non-cash charges and other 152 (127) 175
Working capital      
Accounts receivable 19 80 (124)
Contract assets and liabilities, net 90 87 0
Inventory 18 (81) (4)
Prepaid and other current assets 128 (72) 43
Payables and accruals 109 (174) 287
Pension contributions (91) (94) (87)
Long-term assets, liabilities and other (266) 93 (53)
Net cash provided by operating activities 7,429 6,119 3,654
Investing      
Capital expenditures (3,400) (3,682) (1,883)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (68) (225) (25)
Divestitures and asset sales, net of cash divested 482 5,096 5,908
Cash acquired in merger transaction 0 0 1,363
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities (2,986) 1,189 5,363
Financing      
Short-term debt borrowings (repayments) – net 1,198 224 208
Long-term debt borrowings 2,796 99 8
Long-term debt repayments (2,681) (1,583) (3,124)
Issuances of ordinary shares 47 72 77
Purchases of ordinary shares (2,457) (2,658) (599)
Cash dividends – Linde plc shareholders (2,028) (1,891) (1,166)
Noncontrolling interest transactions and other (220) (3,260) (402)
Net cash used for financing activities (3,345) (8,997) (4,998)
Discontinued Operations      
Cash provided by operating activities 0 69 48
Cash used for investing activities 0 (60) (23)
Cash provided by financing activities 0 5 2
Net cash provided by discontinued operations 0 14 27
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (44) (77) (60)
Change in cash and cash equivalents 1,054 (1,752) 3,986
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning-of-period 2,700 4,466 617
Cash and cash equivalents, including discontinued operations 3,754 2,714 4,603
Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations 0 (14) (137)
Cash and cash equivalents, end-of-period 3,754 2,700 4,466
Supplemental Data      
Income taxes paid 1,066 1,357 757
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest (Note 7) $ 322 $ 275 $ 214