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Income Taxes - Net Deferred Tax Liabilities and Valuation Allowances (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Deferred Tax Liabilities          
Fixed assets       $ 3,430 $ 3,539
Goodwill       173 145
Other intangible assets       3,703 3,688
Subsidiary/equity investments       609 664
Other       791 789
Deferred tax liabilities       8,706 8,825
Deferred Tax Assets          
Carryforwards       386 441
Benefit plans and related       814 721
Inventory       70 72
Accruals and other       1,243 1,167
Total gross deferred tax assets       2,513 2,401
Less: Valuation allowances $ (222) $ (237) $ (237) (243) (222)
Total net deferred tax assets       2,270 2,179
Other long-term assets       268 243
Deferred credits       6,704 6,889
Total deferred tax liabilities       6,436 6,646
Deferred tax liability, right-of-use lease assets       255  
Deferred tax asset - pension, OPEB       560 446
Deferred tax asset, lease liabilities       255 255
Deferred tax asset - research and development       $ 63 $ 81
Valuation Allowance [Abstract]          
Valuation allowances (222) (237) (76)    
Income tax (charge) benefit (21) (31) (51)    
Valuation Allowances And Reserves, Additions For Business Acquisitions 0 18 (121)    
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance, Write-offs 2 26 7    
Valuation Allowances And Reserves Translation Adjustments (2) 2 4    
Valuation allowances (243) $ (222) $ (237)    
Linde AG          
Valuation Allowance [Abstract]          
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance, Write-offs $ 26