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Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]      
Unrecognized income tax benefits, January 1 $ 472 $ 319 $ 54
Additions for tax positions of prior years 35 151 104
Reductions for tax positions of prior years (34) (3) (7)
Additions for current year tax positions 11 33 179
Reductions for settlements with taxing authorities (39) (26) (3)
Foreign currency translation and other   (2) (8)
Foreign currency translation and other 7    
Unrecognized income tax benefits, December 31 452 472 319
Expenses (Income) for interest and penalties on tax reserves (29) (1) $ (32)
Accrued interest and penalties 99 65  
Linde AG      
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]      
Additions for tax positions of prior years $ 66    
Additions for current year tax positions   $ 167