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Share-Based Compensation (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2019
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2020
€ / shares
Oct. 31, 2018
shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Share-based compensation expense | $ $ 133 $ 95 $ 62    
Share-based compensation expense related income tax benefit | $ $ 79 $ 42 $ 30    
Service period 3 years        
Closing stock price (in dollars per share) $ 263.51        
Stock Options          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Weighted-average fair values of options granted (in dollars per share) $ 17.37 $ 23.38 $ 19.29    
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised | $ $ 264 $ 219 $ 113    
Cash received from option exercises | $ 36 64 66    
Total cash tax benefit | $ 70 $ 56 $ 30    
Unrecognized compensation expense | $ $ 17        
Weighted average performance period (years) 1 year        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]          
Dividend yield 2.20% 2.00% 2.10%    
Volatility 15.80% 14.30% 14.40%    
Risk-free interest rate 0.60% 2.38% 2.67%    
Expected term years 6 years 6 years 5 years    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]          
Outstanding at January 1, 2018 (in shares) | shares 9,297,000        
Granted (in shares) | shares 1,155,000        
Exercised (in shares) | shares (2,205,000)        
Cancelled or expired (in shares) | shares (180,000)        
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 (in shares) | shares 8,067,000 9,297,000      
Exercisable at December 31, 2018 (in shares) | shares 5,707,000        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]          
Outstanding at January 1, 2018 (in dollars per share) $ 127.04        
Granted (in dollars per share) 173.16        
Exercised (in dollars per share) 115.34        
Cancelled or expired (in dollars per share) 162.97        
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 (in dollars per share) 136.05 $ 127.04      
Exercisable at December 31, 2018 (in dollars per share) $ 123.93        
Average Remaining Life (years) [Abstract]          
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 6 years        
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 5 years        
Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]          
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | $ $ 1,028        
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 | $ $ 797        
Replacement Stock Options          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Weighted-average fair values of options granted (in dollars per share) $ 160.08        
PX Performance Based Awards          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Service period 3 years        
Unrecognized compensation expense | $ $ 42        
Granted (in dollars per share) $ 174.70        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]          
Granted (in shares) | shares 224,045        
Performance Shares ROC          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Granted (in dollars per share) $ 161.56 168.47      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]          
Granted (in shares) | shares     0    
Performance Shares TSR          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Granted (in dollars per share) $ 198.61 215.85 $ 0    
Restricted Stock          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Unrecognized compensation expense | $ $ 21        
Granted (in dollars per share) $ 174.95 $ 165.04 $ 144.86    
Equity Plan 2009 Praxair, Inc. Long-term Incentive Plan For Employees          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Number of shares authorized for grant (in shares) | shares 5,117,443        
Authorized for issuance as RS, RSU or PSU (in shares) | shares 1,406,647        
Long Term Incentive Plan 2018          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Number of shares authorized for grant (in shares) | shares 277,553       473,128
Service period 4 years        
Exercisable period 1 year        
Exercise price (in EUR/USD per share) | (per share) $ 1.92     € 1.67  
Minimum          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Service period 1 year        
Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]          
Percentage of shares issues in settlement of a vested award 0.00%        
Maximum          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Additional General Disclosures [Abstract]          
Exercisable period 10 years        
Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]          
Percentage of shares issues in settlement of a vested award 200.00%