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Share-based compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Share Based Payments [Abstract]  
Schedule of Activities in RSUs, RSAs and Other Contingently Issuable Shares Outstanding and Related Information
Activity in the Group's RSUs, RSAs, and other contingently issuable shares outstanding and related information is as follows:
RSUsRSAsOther
Number of
RSUs
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
Number of
Awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
Number of
Awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
US$US$US$
Outstanding at January 1, 2019100,383 63.87 61,880 90.65   
Granted715,224 137.15 — — 162,320 145.21 
Forfeited(48,754)118.96 — — — — 
Released(128,503)98.52 (20,600)90.65 — — 
Outstanding at December 31, 2019638,350 134.79 41,280 90.65 162,320 145.21 
Granted1,127,149 161.50 — — 34,450 145.14 
Forfeited(91,613)143.13 — — — — 
Released(353,693)138.66 (41,280)90.65 (40,580)145.21 
Outstanding at December 31, 20201,320,193 155.98   156,190 145.19 
Granted793,337 277.21 — — 22,988 261.00 
Forfeited(175,751)190.26 — — — — 
Released(512,583)178.19 — — (70,458)182.98 
Outstanding at December 31, 20211,425,196 211.25   108,720 145.19 
Schedule of Activity in Stock Options Outstanding and Related Information
Activity in the stock options outstanding and related information is as follows:
Options
Number of
options
Weighted
average
exercise price
US$
Outstanding at January 1, 201912,243,526 77.63 
Granted4,152,565 147.11 
Forfeited(719,860)105.01 
Exercised(3,478,660)49.41 
Expired(43,799)117.79 
Outstanding at December 31, 201912,153,772 107.68 
Granted2,356,040 180.12 
Forfeited(855,051)131.30 
Exercised(4,556,908)78.87 
Expired(56,565)146.69 
Outstanding at December 31, 20209,041,288 138.60 
Granted2,164,070 315.86 
Forfeited(414,317)191.43 
Exercised(2,074,572)96.12 
Expired(21,121)196.25 
Outstanding at December 31, 20218,695,348 190.19 
Exercisable at December 31, 20195,553,650 84.18 
Exercisable at December 31, 20204,022,751 113.91 
Exercisable at December 31, 20214,453,983 152.64 
Summary of Stock Options Outstanding
The stock options outstanding at December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 are comprised of the following:
202120202019
Range of exercise prices (US$)Number of
options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Number of
options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Number of
options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
1.65to45.003,533 1.8195,207 0.32,130,161 0.9
45.01to90.00415,340 0.21,243,833 1.22,482,270 2.2
90.01to135.001,659,359 1.82,234,257 2.72,946,838 3.4
135.01to180.003,076,253 2.53,671,417 3.53,318,423 4.1
180.01to498.983,540,863 3.71,696,574 3.61,276,080 3.7
8,695,348 2.79,041,288 2.912,153,772 2.9
Summary of Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Models
The following table lists the inputs to the Black-Scholes option-pricing models used for stock options for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
202120202019
Expected volatility (%)
34.1 – 43.1
30.0 – 42.8
30.1 – 35.2
Risk-free interest rate (%)
0.2 – 1.1
0.1 – 1.7
1.4 – 2.6
Expected life of stock options (years)
2.6 – 4.8
2.6 – 4.8
2.5 – 4.8
Weighted-average share price (US$)283.15 162.82 136.09 
Summary of Impact of Changes on Stock Options Expense for Options Granted The following table shows the impact of these changes on stock option expense for the options granted in 2021:
2021
(in € millions)
Actual stock option expense56 
Stock option expense increase/(decrease) under the following
   assumption changes
Volatility decreased by 10%(13)
Volatility increase by 10%16 
Expected life decrease by 1 year(8)
Expected life increase by 1 year
Summary of Expense Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations for Employee Share Based Payments
The expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for share-based compensation is as follows:
202120202019
(in € millions)
Cost of revenue
Research and development119 84 61 
Sales and marketing41 34 27 
General and administrative54 50 30 
Total223 176 122