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5. Capital Stock
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
5.     Capital Stock

a)     Authorized share capital

350,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share

b)     Issued share capital

On March 6, 2011, 450,000 stock options, with an exercise price of $0.10 per share, were exercised for a reduction in advances payable totalling $45,000.

On October 12, 2011, the Company announced that it had set aside 10,000,000 common shares (to be issued directly or upon the exercise incentive stock options) to allocate to individuals joining the Company in the future, such as future directors, consultants and members of management. The shares will be issued to such persons, at such price or prices as determined by the Board of Directors, or a Committee thereof duly authorized by the Board.

c)     Stock options

During the three months ended March 31, 2012:

Pursuant to the terms of the option agreement with the Chairman of the Company, as described below, 1,933,848 stock options have vested for which the Company had recognized expense of $231,948, representing the fair value as calculated using the Black-Scholes model.

During the year ended December 31, 2011:

On January 3, 2011, the Company granted a creditor, who is a relative of a Director and Officer of the Company, 20,000,000 stock options of the Company exercisable at $0.05 per share expiring November 29, 2015. The stock options were granted in exchange for providing an increase in the borrowing limit on its line of credit from $1,000,000 to $2,000,000.

Also as consideration for providing this additional financing, the Company has modified the terms of 10,000,000 stock options granted to the Creditor on March 7, 2010 and previously modified August 8, 2010. The terms have been modified as follows:

-    Increased the number of stock options granted from 10,000,000 to 20,000,000

-  Reduced the exercise price of the 20,000,000 stock options granted from $0.10 per share to $0.05 per share.

The Company valued the stock-based compensation resulting from these transactions at $1,493,702.

On March 6, 2011, the Chairman of the Company established a line of credit of up to $2.5 million with the Company for the exclusive purpose of funding the costs of a comprehensive marketing campaign. Under a related agreement, also dated as of March 6, 2011, the Chairman was granted 20,000,000 stock options of the Company exercisable at $0.125 per share, expiring March 5, 2016. Such options will vest on the basis of eight (8) options for each one ($1.00) dollar of principal borrowed to meet the costs of the sales and marketing program. The Company valued the stock-based compensation resulting from this grant at $2,400,000. During the year ended December 31, 2011, 7,624,488 stock options have vested for which the Company had recognized expense of $914,491, representing the fair value as calculated using the Black-Scholes model. To date, including those that vested in 2012 as described above, 9,171,513 stock options have vested.

Also on March 6, 2011, the Company granted 250,000 stock options to a consultant. The stock options were exercisable at $0.10 per share for five years from the date of grant. Furthermore, 200,000 stock options granted to a consultant on July 1, 2010, were modified as follows:

-  All 200,000 stock options are to vest immediately

-  The exercise price of the option was reduced from $0.25 per share to $0.10 per share.

All 450,000 of these stock options were exercised immediately after the Board of Directors approved the above described transaction. The Company valued the stock-based compensation resulting from these transactions at $44,455.

On May 4, 2011, the Company granted 1,000,000 stock options to an officer of the Company for services provided in getting the Company’s FDA submission completed. The options are exercisable at $0.20 per share for five years from the date of grant. The Company valued the stock-based compensation resulting from this grant at $210,000 and allocated this to selling, general and administration expenses.

On May 24, 2011, the Company granted 100,000 stock options to a consultant of the Company for services rendered. The options are exercisable at $0.20 per share for five years from the date of grant. The Company valued the stock-based compensation resulting from this grant at $21,000.

A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

 
Three Months Ended
Year Ended
 
March 31, 2012
December 31, 2011
 
Number of
 
Weighted Average
Number of
 
Weighted Average
 
Options
 
Exercise Price
Options
 
Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of period
62,800,000
$
0.08
13,555,000
$
0.13
Granted
-
 
-
51,350,000
 
0.08
Exercised
-
 
-
(450,00)
 
(0.10)
Expired
-
$
-
(1,655,000)
$
(0.25)
             
Outstanding, end of period
62,800,000
$
0.08
62,800,000
$
0.08
             
Exercisable, end of period
52,358,336
$
0.06
50,424,488
$
0.07

The options outstanding at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were as follows:

 
March 31, 2012
December 31, 2011
Expiry Date
Options
 
Exercise
Price
 
Intrinsic
Value
Options
 
Exercise
Price
 
Intrinsic
Value
                     
March 7, 2015
20,000,000
$
0.05
 
0.03
20,000,000
$
0.05
$
0.03
March 31, 2015
1,200,000
$
0.25
 
-
1,200,000
 
0.25
 
-
November 29, 2015
20,000,000
$
0.05
 
0.03
20,000,000
 
0.05
 
0.03
March 6, 2016
20,000,000
$
0.13
 
-
20,000,000
 
0.13
 
-
May 4, 2016
1,000,000
$
0.20
 
-
1,000,000
 
0.20
 
-
May 23, 2016
100,000
$
0.20
 
-
100,000
 
0.20
 
-
May 31, 2017
500,000
$
0.25
 
-
500,000
 
0.25
 
-
Total
62,800,000
$
0.08
 
-
62,800,000
$
0.08
   
Weighted Average Remaining
Contractual Life
3.53
       
3.78
       

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value for in-the-money options, based on the $0.08 (December 31, 2011: $0.08) closing stock price of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ over-the-counter market (OTC) on March 31, 2012. As of March 31, 2012, 40,000,000 (December 31, 2011: 40,000,000) of the stock options outstanding were in-the-money.

The Company uses the fair value method for determining stock-based compensation for all options granted during the fiscal periods. The fair value was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following weighted average assumptions (no options were granted during the period ended March 31, 2012):

 
March 31, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
       
Risk-free interest rate
-
 
1.45%
Expected life
-
 
5 years
Expected dividends
-
 
0%
Expected volatility
-
 
308%
Forfeiture rate
-
 
0%

The weighted average fair value for the options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $nil (2011: $0.07).

The compensation cost of the stock options granted was allocated as follows:

   
Three months ended
March 31, 2012
 
Three months ended
March 31, 2011
Interest expense:
       
 
Unrelated parties
$
231,948
$
1,493,702
 
Related parties
 
-
 
-
Professional fees:
       
 
Unrelated parties
$
-
$
43,936