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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 001-34841

NXP Semiconductors N.V.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Netherlands |  | 98-1144352
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. employer identification number)
60 High Tech Campus |  |
Eindhoven |  |
Netherlands |  | 5656 AG
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

| +31 | 40 | 2729999
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, EUR 0.20 par value | NXPI | The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every interactive data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based upon the closing sale price of our ordinary shares on June 26, 2020 as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, was $30.2 billion. As of February 19, 2021, the Registrant had 277,008,199 outstanding ordinary shares, excluding shares held in treasury.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2021 Annual General Meeting of shareholders (the “2021 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. The 2021 Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.

Table of Contents

Introduction and Forward Looking Statements | 1
Part I | 3
Item 1. Business | 3
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 18
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments | 31
Item 2. Propert ies | 31
Item 3. Legal Proceedings | 32
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 32
Part II | 32
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 32
Item 6. Selected Financial Data | 34
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 38
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 55
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 57
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 109
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures | 109
Item 9B. Other Information | 110
PART III | 110
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 110
Item 11. Executive Compensation | 110
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 111
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 111
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 111
Part IV | 111
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 111
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary | 114

Introduction and Forward Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Annual Report”) and certain information incorporated herein by reference contains forward-looking statements, which are provided under the “safe harbor” protection of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this Annual Report, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “forecast”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan” and “project” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, our management or third parties, identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our business strategy, financial condition, results of operations and market data, as well as any other statements that are not historical facts. These statements reflect beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by our management and information currently available to us. Although we believe that these beliefs and assumptions are reasonable, these statements are subject to numerous factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those projected. These factors, risks and uncertainties expressly qualify all subsequent oral and written forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf and include, in addition to those listed under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report, the following:
•market demand and semiconductor industry conditions;
•our ability to successfully introduce new technologies and products;
•the demand for the goods into which our products are incorporated;
•potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•trade disputes between the U.S. and China, potential increase of barriers to international trade and resulting disruptions to our established supply chains;
•our ability to generate sufficient cash, raise sufficient capital or refinance our debt at or before maturity to meet both our debt service and research and development and capital investment requirements;
•our ability to accurately estimate demand and match our production capacity accordingly or obtain supplies from third-party producers;
•our access to production from third-party outsourcing partners, and any events that might affect their business or our relationship with them;
•our ability to secure adequate and timely supply of equipment and materials from suppliers;
•our ability to avoid operational problems and product defects and, if such issues were to arise, to rectify them quickly;
•our ability to form strategic partnerships and joint ventures and successfully cooperate with our alliance partners;
•our ability to win competitive bid selection processes;
•our ability to develop products for use in our customers’ equipment and products;
•our ability to successfully hire and retain key management and senior product engineers; and
•our ability to maintain good relationships with our suppliers.
We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements and disclaim any obligation to update our view of any risks or uncertainties described herein or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report, except as required by law.
In addition, this Annual Report contains information concerning the semiconductor industry and business segments generally, which is forward-looking in nature and is based on a variety of assumptions regarding the ways in which the semiconductor industry, our market and business segments will develop. We have based these assumptions on information currently available to us, including through the market research and industry reports referred to in this Annual Report. If any one or more of these assumptions turn out to be incorrect, actual market results may differ from those predicted. While we do not know what impact any such differences may have on our business, if there are such differences, they could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition, and the trading price of our common stock.
The financial information included in this Annual Report is based on United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP), unless otherwise indicated.
1

In presenting and discussing our financial position, operating results and cash flows, management uses certain non-U.S. GAAP financial measures. These non-U.S. GAAP financial measures should not be viewed in isolation or as alternatives to the equivalent U.S. GAAP measures and should be used in conjunction with the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures. A discussion of non-U.S. GAAP measures included in this Annual Report and a reconciliation of such measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures are set forth under “Use of Certain Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures” contained in this Annual Report under Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Unless otherwise required, all references herein to “we”, “our”, “us”, “NXP” and the “Company” are to NXP Semiconductors N.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
This Annual Report includes market data and certain other statistical information and estimates that are based on reports and other publications from industry analysts, market research firms, and other independent sources, as well as management’s own good faith estimates and analyses. NXP believes these third-party reports to be reputable, but has not independently verified the underlying data sources, methodologies or assumptions. The reports and other publications referenced are generally available to the public and were not commissioned by NXP. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information.
2

Part I
Item 1. Business
Company Overview
NXP Semiconductors N.V. is a global semiconductor company and a long-standing supplier in the industry, with over 50 years of innovation and operating history. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we generated revenue of $8,612 million, compared to $8,877 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
We provide leading solutions that leverage our combined portfolio of intellectual property, deep application knowledge, process technology and manufacturing expertise in the domains of cryptography-security, high-speed interface, radio frequency (RF), mixed-signal analog-digital (mixed A/D), power management, digital signal processing and embedded system design. Our product solutions are used in a wide range of end-market applications including: automotive, industrial & Internet of Things (IoT), mobile, and communication infrastructure. We engage with leading global original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and sell products in all major geographic regions.
Our legal name is NXP Semiconductors N.V. and our commercial name is “NXP” or “NXP Semiconductors.” We were incorporated in the Netherlands in 2006 as a Dutch public company with limited liability (naamloze vennootschap). We are a holding company (the “Holding Company”) whose only material assets are the direct ownership of 100% of the shares of NXP B.V., a Dutch private company with limited liability (besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid). For additional information regarding the general development of the Company's business, see Part I, Item I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020.
Our corporate seat is in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Our principal executive office is at High Tech Campus 60, 5656 AG Eindhoven, the Netherlands, and our telephone number is +31 40 2729999. Our registered agent in the United States is NXP USA, Inc., 6501 William Cannon Dr. West, Austin, Texas 78735, United States of America, phone number +1 512 9338214.
Semiconductor Market Overview
Semiconductors perform a broad variety of functions within electronic products and systems, including processing data, sensing, storing information and converting or controlling electronic signals. Semiconductors vary significantly depending upon the specific function or application of the end product in which the semiconductor is used and the customer who is deploying it. Semiconductors also vary on a number of technical characteristics including the degree of integration, level of customization, programmability and the process technology utilized to manufacture the semiconductor. Advances in semiconductor technology have increased the functionality and performance of semiconductors, improving their features and power consumption characteristics while reducing their size and cost. These advances have resulted in growth of semiconductors and electronic content across a diverse array of products. The semiconductor market totaled $440.4 billion in 2020.
Reporting Segments
Prior to January 1, 2019, High Performance Mixed Signal (HPMS) was our sole reportable segment. Corporate and Other represented the remaining portion to reconcile to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Effective January 1, 2019, NXP removed the reference to HPMS in its organizational structure in acknowledgement of the one reportable segment representing the entity as a whole and reflects the way in which our chief operating decision maker executes operating decisions, allocates resources, and manages the growth and profitability of the Company.
End-market Exposure
Our product groups are focused on four primary end-markets that we believe are characterized by long-term, attractive growth opportunities and where we enjoy sustained, competitive differentiation through our technology leadership. The four end-markets are Automotive, Industrial & IoT, Mobile, and Communication Infrastructure & Other.
3

| Automotive | Industrial & IoT | Mobile | Comm Infra & Other
Key Applications | ADAS/Radar Connected Infotainment Vehicle Networks Electrification Secure Car Access eCockpit Body Comfort & Convenience Powertrain | Factory and Building Automation Smart Home and Building Control Home Entertainment Power and Energy Medical Smart Retail Smart Appliances | Smartphones Wearables Tablets Mobile Accessories | Wireless Basestations Enterprise Data Center Network & Security Wired and Wireless Service Provider Infrastructure Banking Cards Government ID documents Transit Cards RFID Tagging
Growth Drivers | Vehicle electrification and automation Government requirements & consumer demands for increased safety, reliability, comfort and efficiency Increase need of security across all applications | Shift from mechanical to electronic equipment Increasing processing and connectivity Increasing use of low-power nodes Energy efficiency Predictive maintenance Automation Machine Learning | Mobile Wallet/Mobile Transit Custom Interface/Power solutions | 5G development/Massive MiMo and mmwave Increasing demand for bandwidth, cloud computing IoT

i.Automotive
Growth in automotive semiconductor sales relies on global vehicle sales and production trends and the increase in semiconductor content per vehicle, which is being driven by the proliferation of electronic features throughout the vehicle. Despite the decline in vehicles sales and production in 2020 due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 (the "COVID-19 Pandemic"), the increase in semiconductor content per vehicle continued.
We believe two mega-trends will drive the semiconductor content increase in the future: Electrification and autonomy. The path to full autonomy is driving the increase of driver assistance systems in the car already today. In the same way, tight emissions regulations are accelerating the penetration of electrification.
Semiconductor content per vehicle continues to increase due to government regulation of safety and emissions, standardization of higher-end options across a greater number of vehicle classes as well as consumer demand for greater fuel efficiency, advanced safety, multimedia applications and connectivity. Automotive safety features are evolving from passive safety systems to active safety systems with Advanced Driving Assisted Systems (ADAS) such as radar and vision systems. Semiconductor content is also increasing in engine management and fuel economy applications, like Battery Management Systems (BMS). Comfort and convenience systems and user interface applications, such as a digital cockpit with multiple large interactive screens, are also areas with high semiconductor content increases. In addition, the use of networking in automotive applications continues to increase as various subsystems communicate within the automobile and with external devices and networks. Smart car access and automotive Near-Field Communication (NFC) are gaining ground in automotive as well, enabling the connection of vehicles and car keys to portable devices and the infrastructure. Data integrity and security hardware features for safeguarding memory, communication and system data are also increasing in importance.
Due to the high degree of regulatory scrutiny and safety requirements, the automotive semiconductor market is characterized by stringent qualification processes, zero defect quality processes, functionally safe design architecture, high reliability, extensive design-in timeframes and long product life cycles which results in significant barriers to entry.
ii.Industrial & IoT
The world is becoming smarter, more connected and more data driven, and the Industrial & IoT market sits at the center of this global digital transformation. The Industrial & IoT market is highly fragmented with a diverse collection of products and applications such as factory automation, power and energy, medical electronics, smart retail, smart home, smart appliances and home entertainment.
Growth in the Industrial market is driven by the replacement of traditional mechanical equipment by smart and connected electronic equipment using various sensors, processors, connectivity and security chipsets that align well with NXP’s ability to provide a complete range of processing, connectivity and secure solutions. In IoT, growth is driven by the increasing use of high-performance edge and media devices (e.g. home entertainment, connected home assistants, home control and security) and low power IoT nodes (e.g. smart
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home, hearables, health trackers) where NXP scalable solutions across the entire embedded processing spectrum are ideally suited. Working from home strongly increased in 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak and this had a positive impact on some applications (e.g. smart home devices, home entertainment and gaming consoles) within our Industrial & IoT business.
The increase in productivity with real-time insights and efficient processes for factory automation, the enhancement in consumer convenience, security and comfort for smart homes, the reduction of resource consumption and better energy efficiency for smart appliances, the increase in performance of rich media content in smart consumer devices and the need for better health prevention and monitoring solutions (wearables, smart patches and smart drug delivery devices) to help ensure the future health of millions of people are some of the key use-cases driving growth in Industrial & IoT.
Finally, with the growing number of connected devices, latency, privacy and bandwidth become critical limiting factors and Edge computing solves this by bringing the intelligence closer to the source. Security and tamper-detection capabilities are also becoming essential features of these Industrial & IoT solutions.
iii.Mobile
Mobile includes applications such as smartphones, feature phones, tablets, wearables and mobile accessories. NXP has a strong focus on mobile wallet and specialty custom analog solutions. The demand for faster speeds, improved battery life, fast charging, mobile wallet, mobile transit and authentication is driving increased semiconductor content for NXP. The growth in this market is mainly driven by the increasing attach rate of these features across devices, vendors and regions, from flagship smartphones down to feature phones, from developed countries to emerging regions. The introduction of new technologies and new use-cases around secured connectivity, high-speed interfaces and charging creates additional opportunities for NXP.
iv.Communication Infrastructure & Other
Growth in the network communication market is driven by strong demand for digital content, ubiquitous access, security, increased enterprise adoption of advanced video communication and the trend towards an increasingly global and mobile workforce. These factors have driven greater adoption of both mobile and fixed Internet services and smart devices, cloud computing environments, Internet Protocol television and online gaming. With the trend toward increasingly media-rich applications such as video sharing platforms, social networks, high definition (HD) movie downloads, video conferencing, wireless connectivity and enterprise access, Internet traffic is increasing continuously. The growth in data traffic is resulting in service providers, enterprises and consumers demanding an increase in the amount of wireless infrastructure, networking and electronic equipment. Providers of wireless infrastructure, networking and storage equipment are introducing new technologies and products with enhanced performance and functionality while reducing design and manufacturing costs. As more and more data is being exchanged and consumed by billions of connected devices, 5G, the new mobile communication technology, enables fast data transfer, low latency and reliability. 5G can support services that require immediate and uninterrupted connectivity. More bandwidth and higher frequencies are needed, requiring more compute power. More base stations are needed and massive multi-chip modules (MIMO) - which provides better throughput and better spectrum efficiency - will greatly expand the number of antennas needed. Small cells will also be deployed to improve coverage and capacity of wireless networks. The COVID-19 pandemic is showing the critical role of digital networking in today’s society. Workplaces have changed en masse from office to home. Consumers and enterprise need to adapt to changing working conditions, leading to increasing demand for better digital communication capabilities.
In secure identification solutions, the demand for applications requiring the highest security and reliability shifts towards solutions with a contactless RF interface driven by the increasing adoption of contactless ePassports, eID credentials, transportation and payment cards. Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) can be used to identify and authenticate objects and is designed to fulfill the requirements of a wide range of applications across numerous vertical markets. RFID technology is entering new markets, such as interactive gaming and toys, and various applications to track goods through the supply chain and keep track of inventory. In addition, there is an increasing demand for authentication and anti-counterfeit solutions to protect manufacturers and consumers.
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Products
We offer customers a broad portfolio of semiconductor products including microcontrollers, application processors, communication processors, connectivity chipsets, analog and interface devices, RF power amplifiers, security controllers and sensors. A key element of our strategy is to offer highly integrated and secure solutions that are increasingly sought by our customers to simplify their development efforts and shorten their time to market. We believe we have the broadest ARM processor portfolio in the industry from microcontrollers to crossover processors and from application processors to communication processors.
i.Microcontrollers
We have been a provider of MCU solutions for more than 40 years. MCUs integrate all the major components of a computing system onto a single semiconductor device. Typically, this includes a programmable processor core, memory, interface circuitry and other components. MCUs provide the digital logic, or intelligence, for electronic applications, controlling electronic equipment or analyzing sensor inputs. We are a trusted, long-term supplier of MCUs to many of our customers, especially in the automotive, smartcards and industrial markets. Our MCU product portfolio ranges from 8-bit products to higher performance 16-bit and 32-bit products with on-board flash memory. Our portfolio is highly scalable, and is coupled with our extensive software and design tools. This enables our customers to design-in and deploy our MCU families, leveraging a consistent software development environment. Due to the scalability of our portfolio we are able to help future-proof our customer’s products as their systems evolve, becoming more complex or requiring greater processing capabilities over time. For automotive applications, our microcontrollers deliver the required reliability, security and functional safety to address current and future automotive challenges. In an increasingly connected and networked society, where security is playing a more important role, our MCU families are equipped with varying security features (such as remote authentication, system/data integrity, secure communication and anomaly detection) to address different type of security risks. Our new i.MX RT crossover processors are built using applications processors chassis, delivering a high level of integration, high speed peripherals, enhanced security, and engines for enhanced user experience (for example, 2D/3D graphics), but powered by a low-power MCU core running a real-time operating system like Amazon Free RTOS or Zephyr RTOS. The i.MX RT series offers the high performing Arm Cortex-M core, real-time functionality, and MCU usability at an affordable price.
ii.Application Processors
Application processors consist of a computing core with embedded memory and special-purpose hardware and software for secure multimedia applications such as graphics and video. Our products focus on consumer devices, industrial applications and automotive applications, like driver information systems, ADAS and vehicle networking that require processing and multimedia capabilities. We provide highly integrated ARM-based i.MX application processors with integrated audio, video and graphics capability that are optimized for low-power and high-performance applications. Our i.MX family of processors are designed in conjunction with a broad suite of additional products including power management solutions, audio codecs, touch sensors and accelerometers to provide full systems solutions across a wide range of operating systems and applications. Our i.MX 8 family of applications processors is a feature and performance scalable multi-core platform that includes single, dual and quad-core families based on the Arm Cortex architecture for advanced graphics, imaging, machine vision, audio, voice, video, and safety-critical applications. Together, these products provide a family of applications processors featuring software, power and pin compatibility across single, dual and quad core implementations. Software support includes Linux and Android implementations. Our S32x Automotive Processing Platform offers scalability across products and multiple application domains based on Arm Cortex-A, Cortex-R, and Cortex-M cores with Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL-D) capabilities.
iii.Communication Processors
Communication processors combine a computing core, caches and other memories, with high-speed networking and input/output interfaces, such as Ethernet and PCI Express. Our portfolio includes 64-bit Arm-based Layerscape processors with up to 16 CPUs and Ethernet ports running at up to 100Gbps. Software support includes Linux and commercial real-time operating systems. Within enterprise and data-center communications infrastructure, our processors are used in switches, routers, SD-WAN access devices, Wi-Fi access points, and network security systems. Within service-provider communications infrastructure, our processors are used in cellular base stations, fixed wireless access Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), residential gateways,
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broadband aggregation systems, and core networking equipment. Although designed for use in communications infrastructure, these processors also find widespread use in other types of equipment, including industrial automation for control, edge computing nodes, cloud computing servers for offloading networking functions, and automobiles for communications and some ADAS functions. We also offer Layerscape Access processors, which implement baseband functions, principally for wireless systems such as 5G fixed wireless access, using programmable vector signal processors.
iv.Wireless Connectivity
We offer a broad portfolio of connectivity solutions, including Near Field Communications (NFC), Ultra-wideband (UWB), Bluetooth low-energy (BLE), Zigbee as well as Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth integrated SoCs. These products are integrated into a wide variety of end devices, such as mobile phones, wearables, enterprise access points, home gateways, voice assistants, multimedia devices, gaming consoles, printers, automotive infotainment and smart industrial devices.
v.Analog and Interface Products
We have a very broad portfolio of Analog and Interface products that are used in many markets, particularly automotive, industrial/IoT and mobile. In automotive we are the market leader in most of the applications, with integrated 77Ghz Radar solution for ADAS, battery management products for Electrification, audio processing solutions and amplifiers for car entertainment, Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), FlexRay and Ethernet solutions for in-vehicle networking and two-way secure products for secure car access. In Industrial/IoT and mobile, we are a major supplier in interface, power and high-performance analog products. Our product portfolios includes I2C/I³C, General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO), LED controllers, real-time clocks, signal and load switches, signal integrity products, wired charging solutions, fast charging solutions, DC-DC, AC-DC converters and high-performance RF amplifiers. We have also successfully engaged with leading OEMs to drive custom and semi-custom products which in turn allow us to refine and accelerate our innovation and product roadmaps.
vi.Radio Frequency Devices
NXP is the market leader in High-Performance Radio Frequency (HPRF) power amplifiers. We have an extensive portfolio of LDMOS, GaN and GaAs RF transistors. NXP’s solutions range from sub-6GHz to 40GHz and from milliwatts to kilowatts. For base stations, NXP offers a full range of solutions addressing 5G RF power amplification needs from MIMO to massive MIMO based active antenna systems for cellular and millimeter Wave (mmWave) spectrum bands. We are engaged with the majority of the largest customers in mobile base stations and in several other application areas. In low and medium Power Amplification, NXPs low noise amplifier (LNA) portfolio offers solutions to meet future design needs in a wide range of applications. Two technologies serve the LNA portfolio, each with distinct advantages for their applications. Wireless infrastructure applications and many general wireless applications are served with III-V technology LNAs. Advanced SiGe technology is utilized in LNAs designed for wireless communication, cellular, consumer, automotive and industrial applications.
vii.Security Controllers
NXP is the market leader in security controller ICs. Our security controller ICs are embedded in smart cards (ePassports, electronic ID credentials, payment cards and transportation cards), as well as in consumer electronic and smart devices, for example in smartphones, tablets and wearables. These security controller ICs are suited for applications demanding the highest security and reliability. Nearly all of our security products consist of multi-functional solutions comprised of passive RF connectivity devices facilitating information transfer from the user document to reader infrastructure; secure, tamper-proof microcontroller devices in which information is securely encrypted (“secure element”); and secure real-time operating system software products to facilitate the encryption-decryption of data, and the interaction with the reader infrastructure systems. Our solutions are developed to provide extreme levels of security of user information, undergoing stringent and continued global governmental and banking certification processes, and to deliver a high level of device performance enabling significant throughput and productivity to our customers.
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viii.Sensors
Sensors serve as a primary interface in embedded systems for advanced human interface and contextual awareness that mimic the human “5 senses” interaction with the external environment. We provide several categories of semiconductor-based environmental and inertial sensors for the Automotive market, including pressure, inertial, magnetic and gyroscopic sensors that provide orientation detection, gesture recognition, tilt to scroll functionality and position detection.
Manufacturing
We manufacture integrated circuits and discrete semiconductors through a combination of wholly owned manufacturing facilities, a manufacturing facility operated jointly with another semiconductor company and third-party foundries and assembly and test subcontractors. We manage our manufacturing assets together through one centralized organization to ensure we realize scale benefits in asset utilization, purchasing volumes and overhead leverage across businesses.
In the future, we expect to outsource an increased part of our internal demand for wafer foundry and packaging services to third-party manufacturing sources in order to increase our flexibility to accommodate increased demand.
The manufacturing of a semiconductor involves several phases of production, which can be broadly divided into “front-end” and “back-end” processes. Front-end processes take place at highly complex wafer manufacturing facilities (called fabrication plants or “wafer fabs”), and involve the imprinting of substrate silicon wafers with the precise circuitry required for semiconductors to function. The front-end production cycle requires high levels of precision and involves as many as 300 process steps. Back-end processes involve the assembly, test and packaging of semiconductors in a form suitable for distribution. In contrast to the highly complex front-end process, back-end processing is generally less complicated, and as a result we tend to determine the location of our back-end facilities based more on cost factors than on technical considerations.
We primarily focus our internal and joint venture wafer manufacturing operations on running proprietary specialty process technologies that enable us to differentiate our products on key performance features, and we generally outsource wafer manufacturing in process technologies that are available at third-party wafer foundries when it is economical to do so. In addition, we increasingly focus our in-house manufacturing on our competitive 8-inch wafer facilities, which predominantly run manufacturing processes in the 140 nanometer, 180 nanometer and 250 nanometer process nodes. This focus increases our return on invested capital and reduces capital expenditures.
Our front-end manufacturing facilities use a broad range of production processes and proprietary design methods, including complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), bipolar, bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) and double-diffused metal on silicon oxide semiconductor (DMOS) technologies. Our wafer fabs produce semiconductors with line widths ranging from 90 nanometers to 3 microns for integrated circuits and 0.5 microns to greater than 4 microns for discretes. This broad technology portfolio enables us to meet increasing demand from customers for system solutions, which require a variety of technologies.
Our back-end manufacturing facilities test and package many different types of products using a wide variety of processes. To optimize flexibility, we use shared technology platforms for our back-end assembly operations. Most of our assembly and test activities are maintained in-house.
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The following table shows selected key information with respect to our major front-end and back-end facilities:

Site |  | Ownership |  | Wafer sized used |  | Line widths used (vm) |  | Technology/Products
|  |  |  |  | (Microns) |  |
Front-end |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Singapore (SSMC)¹⁾ |  | 61.2 | % |  | 8” |  | 0.14-0.25 |  | CMOS, eNVM, Power, BCDMOS, RF
Nijmegen, the Netherlands |  | 100 | % |  | 8” |  | 0.14-1.00 |  | CMOS, BCDMOS, RF, Power MOSFET
Austin (Oak Hill), United States |  | 100 | % |  | 8” |  | 0.25-1.50 |  | CMOS, Sensors, RF, Power MOSFET
Chandler, United States |  | 100 | % |  | 8” |  | 0.25-0.50 |  | CMOS, eNVM, BCDMOS
Chandler RF, United States |  | 100 | % |  | 6” |  | 0.25-0.40 |  | GaN
Austin (Ed Bluestein), United States |  | 100 | % |  | 8” |  | 0.09-0.18 |  | CMOS, eNVM, BCDMOS, Radar
Back-end |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kaohsiung, Taiwan |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | NFC, Automotive Car-access, Micro-controllers
Bangkok, Thailand |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Automotive In-Vehicle Networking and Sensors, Banking and e-Passport modules
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Micro-processors, Micro-controllers, Power Management, Analog and Mixed Signal, RF devices
Tianjin, China |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Micro-controllers, Analog and Sensors

1) Joint venture with TSMC; we are entitled to 60% of the joint venture’s annual capacity.
We use a large number of raw materials in our front- and back-end manufacturing processes, including silicon wafers, chemicals, gases, lead frames, substrates, molding compounds and various types of precious and other metals. Our most important raw materials are the raw, or substrate, silicon wafers we use to make our semiconductors. We purchase these wafers, which must meet exacting specifications, from a limited number of suppliers in the geographic region in which our fabrication facilities are located. At our wholly owned fabrication plants, we use raw wafers ranging from 6 inches to 8 inches in size. Our SSMC wafer fab facility, which produces 8 inch wafers, is jointly owned by TSMC and ourselves. Emerging fabrication technologies employ larger wafer sizes and, accordingly, we expect that our production requirements will in the future shift towards larger substrate wafers.
We typically source our other raw materials in a similar fashion as our wafers, although our portfolio of suppliers is more diverse. Some of our suppliers provide us with materials on a just-in-time basis, which permits us to reduce our procurement costs and the negative cash flow consequences of maintaining inventories, but exposes us to potential supply chain interruptions. We purchase most of our raw materials on the basis of fixed price contracts, but generally do not commit ourselves to long-term purchase obligations, which permits us to renegotiate prices periodically.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, semiconductor supply chains have been under more pressure. As a result, there has been a tendency towards longer term contracts with suppliers in exchange for capacity. From an operational perspective, all of our manufacturing facilities continue to operate around the world in accordance with guidance issued by local and national government authorities.
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Sales, Marketing and Customers
We market our products and solutions worldwide to a variety of OEMs, Original Design Manufacturers (ODMs), contract manufacturers and distributors. We generate demand for our products by delivering product solutions to our customers, and supporting their system design-in activities by providing application architecture expertise and local field application engineering support.
Our sales and marketing teams are organized into five regions, which are EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa), the Americas, Japan, South Korea and Greater China (including Asia Pacific). These sales regions are responsible for managing customer relationships and creating demand for our solutions through the full ecosystem development, including our distributors and at our large number of mass market customers.
Our sales and marketing strategy focuses on key defined verticals in Automotive, Mobile, Industrial & IoT and Communication Infrastructure, deepening our relationship with our top OEMs and electronic manufacturing service customers, expanding our reach to our mass market customers, startups and our distribution partners and becoming their preferred supplier, which we believe assists us in reducing sales volatility in challenging markets. We have long-standing customer relationships with most of our customers. Our 10 largest OEM end customers, some of whom are supplied by distributors, in alphabetical order, are Apple, Aptiv, Bosch, Continental, Denso, Ericsson, Huawei, LG, Samsung and Visteon. We also have a strong position with our distribution partners, including our three largest, Arrow, Avnet and SAC.
Our revenue is primarily the sum of our direct sales to OEMs plus our distributors’ resale of NXP products. Avnet accounted for 17% of our revenue in 2020 and 14% in 2019. No other distributor accounted for greater than 10% of our revenue. Continental accounted for less than 10% of our revenue in 2020 and 11% in 2019. No other OEM for which we had direct sales to accounted for more than 10% revenue in 2020 or 2019.
Research and Development
We believe that our future success depends on our ability to both improve our existing products and to develop new products for both existing and new markets. We direct our research and development efforts largely to the development of new semiconductor solutions where we see significant opportunities for growth. We target applications that require stringent overall system and subsystem performance. As new and challenging applications proliferate, we believe that many of these applications will benefit from our solutions. We have assembled a global team of highly skilled semiconductor and embedded software design engineers with expertise in RF, analog, power management, interface, security and digital processing.
To outpace market growth we invest in research and development to extend or create leading market positions, with an emphasis on fast growing sizable market segments, such as ADAS, in-vehicle networks and power management, as well as Edge computing to support the successful deployment in the IoT with our cross-over processing technology, but also in emerging markets, such as massive MIMO in RF Power and mmWave for 5G. In addition, we invest a few percent of our total research and development expenditures in research activities that develop fundamental new technologies or product categories that could contribute significantly to our company's growth in the future.
We annually perform a fundamental review of our business portfolio and our related new product and technology development opportunities in order to decide on changes in the allocation of our research and development resources. For products targeting established markets, we evaluate our research and development expenditures based on clear business need and risk assessments. For break-through technologies and new market opportunities, we look at the strategic fit and synergies with the rest of our portfolio and the size of the potential addressable market. Overall, we allocate our research and development to maintain a healthy mix of emerging growth and mature businesses.
Intellectual Property
The creation and use of intellectual property is a key aspect of our strategy to differentiate ourselves in the marketplace. We seek to protect our proprietary technologies by obtaining patents, trademarks, domain names, retaining trade secrets and defending, enforcing and utilizing our intellectual property rights, where appropriate.
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We believe this strategy allows us to preserve the advantages of our products and technologies, and helps us to improve the return on our investment in research and development. We have a broad portfolio of approximately 9,500 patent families (each patent family includes all patents and patent applications originating from the same invention). To protect confidential technical information and software, we rely on copyright and trade secret law and enter into confidentiality agreements as applicable. In situations where we believe that a third party has infringed on our intellectual property, we enforce our rights through all available legal means to the extent that we determine the benefits of such actions to outweigh the costs and risks involved.
We own a number of trademarks that are used in the conduct of our business. Where we consider it desirable, we develop names for our new products and secure trademark protection. Our trademarks allow us to further distinguish our company and our products and are important in our relationships with customers, suppliers, partners and end-users.
While our patents, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights constitute valuable assets, we do not view any individual right or asset as material to our operations as a whole. We believe it is the combination of our proprietary technology, patents, know-how and other intellectual property rights and assets that creates an advantage for our business.
In addition to obtaining our own patents and other intellectual property rights, we have entered into licensing agreements and other arrangements authorizing us to use intellectual property rights, confidential technical information, software and other technology owned by third parties. We also engage, in certain instances, in licensing and selling of certain of our technology, patents and other intellectual property rights.
Competition
We compete with many different semiconductor companies, including multinational companies with integrated research and development, manufacturing, sales and marketing organizations across a broad spectrum of product lines, “fabless” semiconductor companies, and companies that are focused on a single application market segment or standard product. Most of these competitors compete with us with respect to some, but not all, of our businesses.
Our key competitors in alphabetical order include Analog Devices, Inc, Infineon Technologies AG, Maxim Integrated Products Inc., Mediatek, Microchip Technology Inc., Nordic Semiconductor ASA, Power Integrations Inc, Qorvo, Qualcomm, Inc, Renesas Electronics Corp, Silicon Laboratories, STMicroelectronics NV and Texas Instruments Incorporated.
The basis on which we compete varies across end markets and geographic regions. This includes competing on the basis of our ability to timely develop new products and the underlying intellectual property and on meeting customer requirements in terms of cost, product features, quality, warranty and availability. In addition, our system solutions businesses require in-depth knowledge of a given application market in order to develop robust system solutions and qualified customer support resources.
Seasonality
Historically, our net revenue has typically been higher in the second half of the year than in the first half of the year, accelerating in the third and fourth quarters.
Government Regulation, including Environmental Regulation
The information set forth under the “Environmental remediation” caption of Note 16 of our notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report is incorporated herein by reference. For additional discussion of certain risks associated with government and environmental regulation, see Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.
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Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors, including their ages and positions as of February 25, 2021 are as follows:

Name |  | Age |  | Position
Kurt Sievers |  | 51 |  | Executive Director, President and chief executive officer
Sir Peter Bonfield |  | 76 |  | Non-Executive Director and Chairman and Member of the Board’s Nominating and Governance Committee and of the Board’s Compensation Committee
Kenneth A. Goldman |  | 71 |  | Non-Executive Director and Member of the Board’s Nominating and Governance Committee
Josef Kaeser |  | 63 |  | Non-Executive Director and Member of the Board’s Nominating and Governance Committee
Lena Olving |  | 64 |  | Non-Executive Director and Member of the Board’s Compensation Committee
Peter Smitham |  | 78 |  | Non-Executive Director, and Chair of the Board’s Compensation Committee
Julie Southern |  | 61 |  | Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Board’s Audit Committee
Jasmin Staiblin |  | 50 |  | Non-Executive Director and Member of the Board’s Audit Committee
Gregory L. Summe |  | 64 |  | Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Board’s Nominating and Governance Committee
Karl-Henrik Sundström |  | 60 |  | Non-Executive Director and Member of the Board’s Audit Committee and the Board’s Compensation Committee

There are no family relationships among our directors or between any director and any of our executive officers.
•Kurt Sievers (1969, German). Mr. Sievers is executive director, president and chief executive officer since May 2020, after a successful track record as the president of NXP, overseeing all the company’s business lines, since 2018. Mr. Sievers joined NXP in 1995, and rapidly moved through a series of Marketing & Sales, Product Definition & Development, Strategy and General Management leadership positions across a broad number of market segments. He has been a member of the executive management team since 2009, where he has been instrumental in the definition and implementation of the NXP High-Performance Mixed Signal strategy. In 2015, Mr. Sievers was influential in the merger of NXP and Freescale Semiconductor. Mr. Sievers serves on the Board of the German National Electrical and Electronics Industry Association (ZVEI) and chairs the Advisory Board of the international trade-fair Electronica. He also serves as a board member of AENEAS, the cluster for application and technology research in Europe on nano-electronics. Mr. Sievers serves as a member of the Asia-Pacific-Committee of German Business (APA) and as a member of the Board at the German Asia-Pacific Business Association (OAV), acting as the spokesperson for the Republic of Korea. Mr. Sievers earned a master’s degree in physics and information technology from Augsburg University, Germany.
•Sir Peter Bonfield CBE FREng (1944, British). Sir Peter was appointed a non-executive director and the chairman of our board of directors in August 2010. Prior to that, Sir Peter was the chairman of the supervisory board of NXP B.V. from September 29, 2006. Sir Peter served as chief executive officer and chairman of the executive committee for British Telecom plc from 1996 to 2002 and prior to that was chairman and chief executive officer of ICL plc (now Fujitsu Services Holdings Ltd.). Sir Peter also worked in the semiconductor industry during his tenure as a divisional director at Texas Instruments Incorporated, for whom he held a variety of senior management positions around the world. In addition, Sir Peter has served as a director of twelve large technology companies. Sir Peter currently holds non-executive directorships at Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited and Imagination Technologies, is Chair of Council and Senior Pro-Chancellor at Loughborough University, Board Director at East West Institute USA and Board Mentor at CMi in London. He is Advisor to Longreach LLP in Hong Kong, Alix Partners UK LLP in London and is a Fellow of The Royal Academy of Engineering. Sir Peter is named Outstanding Director for 2019 by the Financial Times.
•Kenneth A. Goldman (1949, American). Mr. Goldman was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors effective August 6, 2010. Mr. Goldman is former chief financial officer of Yahoo!, Inc. Prior to October 2012, Mr. Goldman served as senior vice president, finance and administration, and chief financial officer of Fortinet, Inc, a provider of unified threat management solutions, from September 2007 to September 2012. From November 2006 to August 2007, Mr. Goldman served as
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executive vice president and chief financial officer of Dexterra, Inc. From August 2000 until March 2006, Mr. Goldman served as senior vice president, finance and administration, and chief financial officer of Siebel Systems, Inc., and from December 1999 to December 2003, Mr. Goldman served on the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s primary advisory group. Mr. Goldman currently serves on the board of directors of GoPro, Inc., RingCentral, Inc., Zuora, Inc., Fortinet, Inc. and several private companies, including serving as President of Hillspire, LLC. Mr. Goldman also is a member of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Foundation, and in 2015 was appointed to a three-year term on the Standards Advisory Group which advises the PCAOB. Mr. Goldman was a member of board of trustees of Cornell University from 2005 to 2013 and was designated as Emeritus Trustee. He was formerly a member of the Treasury Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession, a public committee that made recommendations in September 2008 to encourage a more sustainable auditing profession. Mr. Goldman holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School.
•Josef Kaeser (1957, German). Mr. Kaeser was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors effective September 1, 2010. Mr. Kaeser was the president and chief executive officer of Siemens AG from August 2013 until February 2021. Prior to this, from May 2006 to August 2013, he was member of the managing board and chief financial officer of Siemens AG. From 2004 to 2006, Mr. Kaeser served as chief strategy officer for Siemens AG and as the chief financial officer for the mobile communications group from 2001 to 2004. Mr. Kaeser additionally held various other positions within the Siemens group since he joined Siemens in 1980. Mr. Kaeser serves on the managing board of Daimler AG.
•Lena Olving (1956, Swedish). Mrs. Olving was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors in June 2019. She served as President and CEO of Mycronic AB (listed on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm), between 2013 and 2019 a Swedish high-tech equipment company serving the electronics industry. Before that Ms. Olving worked at Saab AB, a listed Defence and Security company, as Deputy CEO and Chief Operating Officer. Her earlier career also includes various managerial positions within Volvo Car Corporation, in total 25 years, of which 5 years in Asia Pacific and 7 years in the Executive Management Team. Ms. Olving is a board member of Assa Abloy AB, Investment AB Latour, Munters Group AB (all public listed), Chairman of Academic Work Holding AB, Chairman of the Board at the Royal Swedish Opera and ScandiNova Systems AB and board member of Stena Metall AB. She is elected as a fellow of IVA the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. She holds a Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Chalmers in Gothenburg, Sweden. In January 2018, Ms. Olving was presented H.M. The King’s Medal of the 12th size with blue ribbon for outstanding efforts within Swedish business sector. In October 2019, she was awarded IVA’s Gold Medal for pioneering and outstanding leadership within the tech sector.
•Peter Smitham (1942, British). Mr. Smitham was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors effective December 7, 2015. Mr. Smitham retired from his position as a partner of the private equity firm Permira on December 31, 2009, but until August 1, 2015, he was a member of Permira Advisers LLP, which he joined in 1985, the year the London office was founded. Mr. Smitham was the managing partner of the London office from 1994 until 1998 and led Permira’s European business from 1996 until 2000. He has worked on numerous transactions focusing on technology, including Memec Group Holdings Limited, The Roxboro Group, Solartron Group and Technology plc. Until its merger with NXP, Mr. Smitham was a director of Freescale. He joined the Freescale board in June 2007 and was a member of the Compensation and Leadership Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Freescale board. He has a degree in Geography from Swansea University, Wales, and attended the Senior Executive Program at Stanford Business School.
•Julie Southern (1959, British). Mrs. Southern was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors in October 2013. She was with Virgin Atlantic Limited (UK) from 2000 to May 2013. From 2010 to 2013 Ms. Southern was chief commercial officer and from 2000 to 2010 she was chief financial officer of Virgin Atlantic. Prior to joining Virgin Atlantic, she was group finance director at Porsche Cars Great Britain and finance and operations director at W H Smith—H J Chapman & Co Ltd. Prior to that, she was a chartered accountant at Price Waterhouse Coopers. Ms. Southern currently holds non-executive directorships at Rentokil-Initial plc, Ocado Group plc and easyJet plc, and is Chair of the respective Audit Committees. Ms. Southern is also a member of the Remuneration Committees at Ocado and easyJet.
•Jasmin Staiblin (1970, German). Mrs. Staiblin was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors in June 2019. She served between 2013 and 2018 as Chief Executive Officer of Alpiq, a
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leading Swiss energy services provider and power producer in Europe. She successfully led the company through a major transformation in a fundamentally changing energy market. She began her career in 1997 at the ABB Group, the Swedish-Swiss global technology company, starting in ABB’s group research center. From 1999 to 2005 she served in various global functions and as a member of the management team for ABB’s power technologies division. She held the position of chief executive officer of ABB Switzerland from 2006 to 2012. Ms. Staiblin is a board member of Georg Fischer AG, Schaffhausen, Rolls-Royce plc, London and Zurich Insurance Group Ltd. Ms. Staiblin studied Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany and the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. She completed her studies with a Degree in Physics and has a Master of Science in electrical engineering.
•Gregory L. Summe (1956, American). Mr. Summe was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors effective December 7, 2015. Mr. Summe is the Co-Chairman of NextGen Acquisition Corporation and the Managing Partner of Glen Capital Partners, an investment fund. Mr. Summe was the managing director and vice chairman of Global Buyout at The Carlyle Group, a leading global private equity firm, from 2009 to 2014. Prior to joining Carlyle, he was the chairman and chief executive officer of PerkinElmer, Inc., a global leader in Health Sciences, a company he led from 1998 to May 2009. He also served as a senior advisor to Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, from 2008 to 2009. He was a director of Freescale Semiconductor from 2010 until its merger with NXP in 2015 and served as Chairman of the Freescale board from 2014-2015. Prior to PerkinElmer, Mr. Summe was with AlliedSignal, now Honeywell International, serving as the president of General Aviation Avionics, president of the Aerospace Engines Group and president of the Automotive Products Group. Before joining AlliedSignal, he was the general manager of Commercial Motors at General Electric and was a partner with the consulting firm of McKinsey & Company, Inc. Mr. Summe holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Kentucky and the University of Cincinnati, and an M.B.A. with distinction from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He is in the Engineering Hall of Distinction at the University of Kentucky. Mr. Summe also serves on the board of directors of the State Street Corporation, Avantor Corporation and NextGen Acquisition Corporation and two private companies, Ohana Biosciences, and Pella Corporation.
•Karl-Henrik Sundström (1960, Swedish). Mr. Sundström was appointed a non-executive director of our board of directors in June 2019. He served as CEO of Stora Enso from 2014 until his retirement in 2019. He joined Stora Enso in August 2012 as CFO and member of the Group Leadership Team. In June 2013 he took on the role as Executive Vice President for division Paper and Wood Products. Prior to joining Stora Enso, Mr. Sundström held the role as CFO of NXP Semiconductors N.V. (2008–2012). Before that, he held several managerial positions in Ericsson, including CFO. He is member of the board of Vestas AS, Mölnlycke AB and chairman of the tax delegation for Swedish Business and Commerce and member of the board of the Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Baffin Bay Networks AB and Tracklib Holdings AB. Mr. Sundström participated in an Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School in 1997 and holds a degree in Business Administration, Finance and Accounting from the Uppsala University, Sweden.
Information about our Executive Officers
The names, ages and positions as of February 25, 2021, of our executive officers, including our chief executive officer, Mr. Sievers, are as follows:

Name |  | Age |  | Position
Kurt Sievers |  | 51 |  | Executive Director, President and chief executive officer
Peter Kelly |  | 64 |  | Executive vice president and chief financial officer
Christopher Jensen |  | 51 |  | Executive vice president and chief human resources officer
Stephen Owen |  | 60 |  | Executive vice president sales & marketing
David Reed |  | 62 |  | Executive vice president technology and operations
Jennifer Wuamett |  | 55 |  | Executive vice president and general counsel

There are no family relationships among our executive officers or between any executive officer and any of our directors.
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•Peter Kelly (1957, American). Mr. Kelly is executive vice president, chief financial officer and a member of the management team. He joined NXP in March, 2011 and serves as NXP’s chief financial officer. Mr. Kelly has over 30 years of applicable experience in the global technology industry and has extensive financial expertise having worked in financial management positions in several other companies, including as CFO of UGI Corp. and Agere Systems Inc. Mr. Kelly also serves on the board of Plexus, Corp and is on the Audit Committee and Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee.
•Christopher Jensen (1969, American). Mr. Jensen is executive vice president, chief human resources officer and a member of the management team. In this role, he is responsible for all aspects of the company’s global human resources function, driving programs and process to enable NXP’s business performance. Mr. Jensen has been with NXP since the merger of Freescale and NXP in 2015, having been a key leader in the integration of the two companies. He has extensive experience in leading the various functions across human resources, with strength in change management, compensation and benefits design, and mergers and acquisitions. Prior to Freescale, Mr. Jensen held executive human resources positions at Applied Materials and Tandem Computers. Mr. Jensen also serves as a part-time adjunct professor at Baylor University, teaching in their Executive MBA Program.
•Stephen Owen (1960, Dutch). Mr. Owen is executive vice president, global sales & marketing and member of the management team. He has extensive experience in developing business internationally and served in various marketing and sales leadership positions at NXP and Philips since 1998.
•David Reed (1958, American). Mr. Reed is executive vice president of Technology and Operations at NXP. He joined NXP in 2015, having served as general manager at Freescale until the merger with NXP. He has 30 years of extensive international experience with global execution of fabs, assembly/test, packaging, R&D, foundries and joint ventures for Analog, Automotive, Logic and Wireless customers. He joined Freescale Semiconductor in 2012 as Senior Vice President, Manufacturing Operations. Previously he was vice president and general manager at GLOBALFOUNDRIES. He began his career at Texas Instruments in 1984 where he held multiple overseas and leadership assignments.
•Jennifer Wuamett (1965, American). Ms. Wuamett is executive vice president, general counsel, secretary of our board of directors and member of the management team, and has served in this role since September 2018. Previously, Ms. Wuamett served as Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel at NXP. Prior to that, she was Freescale’s Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary and has served in various positions at Freescale and Motorola since 1997.
Human Capital
At NXP, our diverse and talented employees drive the innovation that sets our company apart and fuels our success in the market. Our foundation is built on our customer-focused passion to win, core values and commitment to innovation, personal accountability, trust, transparency and collaboration.
Across the globe, we have policies and programs to find and maintain the best talent possible. We focus on building thought leadership, providing talent development opportunities, rewarding individual and collective performance, ensuring health, safety and human rights, and investing in future talent. We monitor our talent pool, assess turnover trends closely and gather and analyze employee feedback, and are committed to encouraging and supporting a diverse workforce.
The nature of the NXP workforce includes direct labor (DL) and indirect labor (IDL). DL are those employees who are directly involved in the manufacture of our products, while IDL consists of individual contributors, managers and executives in other functions such as Research & Development (R&D) and selling, general and administrative (SG&A). At December 31, 2020, we had approximately 29,000 employees, which includes approximately 1,500 employees in our joint venture. Our NXP global workforce spans three regions encompassing +30 countries and includes approximately 8,800 employees dedicated to research and development of our products and solutions.
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We monitor voluntary attrition closely as a key indicator of employee engagement. This attrition is also compared to industry norms to ensure we are effectively retaining our employees throughout the world. During calendar 2020, our voluntary attrition rate was 5% for IDL and 10% for our DL population. While attrition rates vary by region, in 2020 we are trending below the benchmark using third party survey sources.
Diversity, Equality and Inclusion
At NXP, we embrace an inclusive culture, comprised of talented individuals from diverse backgrounds. Our global workforce values diversity, equality and inclusion by respecting unique experiences, backgrounds, cultures and ideas regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, nationality and social or economic background.
The center of our diversity, equality and inclusion strategy is to give employees a voice and to engage them to help drive our focus in this important space. NXP is contributing more resources to increase its focus on driving cultural intelligence globally, which is being spearheaded by NXP’s Head of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion.
NXP Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) are enablers to our culture and inclusive work environment, as we work to ensure diversity of thought throughout our company and bring unique perspectives and skills to help those in our communities. Today, we have six primary ERGs, with representation in Asia, Europe and the United States. Membership and participation in ERGs is open to all employee and global engagement is encouraged.
At NXP, women represent 36% of our global workforce and we continue to make and aim for improvements in hiring across all global sites. We are committed to developing and promoting more women into technical and leadership positions. In addition, we are committed to increasing the number of women within our R&D organization. We monitor gender statistics on a global basis and look for ways to continuously improve the results.
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| Executive | Manager | Individual Contributor - IDL | Individual Contributor - DL | Grand Total
Female | 13% | 16% | 24% | 58% | 36%
Male | 87% | 84% | 76% | 42% | 64%

While we present male and female, we acknowledge this is not fully encompassing of all gender identities.
Corporate Values and Employee Engagement
NXP’s values are the foundation of what makes us an extraordinary company. Engaging, developing and valuing employees is how we create long-term value for our stakeholders. Our values guide our decision-making process and speak to how we operate, our inherent beliefs and how we engage and respect each employee’s contribution and push the boundaries of creativity and innovation. We use these values specifically in our performance evaluation process to hold ourselves accountable that these words align to our actions.
To assess and improve the engagement of our employees, NXP conducts an annual global employee survey called the Winning Culture Survey.
Talent Development
NXP has a commitment to ongoing learning, including mechanisms for learning from others, formal training opportunities and a variety of on-the-job development experiences. Using a blend of internally designed and externally sourced courses and learning resources, we bring learning to our employees real-time in support of key business processes, requirements & initiatives. We also provide a library of on-demand skills development and microlearning resources to all of our employees.
We work to create developmental opportunities for our associates through stretch assignments, project roles, cross-functional interactions, cross-geography engagements, and both temporary and longer-term job rotations – all of which are used to stimulate core skill and leadership competency development, to provide on-the-job learning experience, and to fuel employee career growth.
Compensation and Benefits
We provide total rewards packages which include market competitive base pay, as well as opportunities to earn bonuses and stock awards. In addition, in an effort to meet the specific needs of our employees and their families, we offer benefits programs, which vary by country/region, and include an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, retirement programs, healthcare and insurance benefits, allowances, paid time off, family leaves, flexible work schedules, and other employee assistance programs.
NXP’s compensation programs are designed to attract the best talent and drive performance across all areas of our diverse workforce. We don’t believe rewarding high performance is enough, equally important is our investment in our employees’ future. NXP’s compensation practices empower leaders to recognize both individual and team accomplishments through a variety of programs offered. Rewards decisions are linked to the annual performance evaluation process which includes an assessment of both the corporate values demonstrated and the delivery of specific goals.
NXP is committed to managing all reward-based compensation programs, including merit increases, annual incentive program payouts and long-term incentive awards, to deliver our strong pay-for-performance philosophy.
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Employee Health and Safety
Through our focus on our well-established safety program and related initiatives, we are committed to the safety of our employees and we continuously assess safety risk globally to ensure workplace risks are mitigated.
With the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic that we faced in 2020, the health and safety of our employees became even more important than ever before. In response to local requirements and in an effort to keep employees safe, we implemented significant changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, including successfully transitioning a majority of our non-essential workers to safely work from home at the peak of the pandemic. The essential employees, who remained working on-site, were provided additional personal protective equipment and the utmost attention was given to implementing site entry and office protocols and procedures to keep employees safe.
Employee Representation
A number of our employees are members of a labor union and in various countries, local law requires us to inform and consult with employee representatives on matters relating to labor conditions. We have not experienced any material strikes or labor disputes in the past and consider our employee relations to be good.
We also have employee lead worker’s councils in various countries that provide input and oversight to many of the decisions made on behalf of employees.
Available Information
Our main corporate website address is www.nxp.com. Copies of our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available free of charge on our website within the "Investors Relations" section as soon as reasonably practicable after having been electronically filed or furnished to the SEC. All SEC filings are also available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. The information contained on these websites as referenced is not incorporated by reference into this filing. Further, the Company’s references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Risks related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
The extent to which the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and measures taken in response thereto could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures taken in response have adversely impacted the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
The novel strain of the coronavirus identified in China in late 2019 has globally spread throughout other areas such as Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North America and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place orders, and shutdowns. These measures have adversely impacted and may further impact our workforce and operations, the operations of our customers, and those of our respective vendors and suppliers. We have significant manufacturing operations in China, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, The Netherlands and the U.S., and each of these countries has been affected by the outbreak and taken measures to try to contain it. There is considerable uncertainty regarding such measures and potential future measures, and restrictions on our access to our manufacturing facilities or on our support operations or workforce, or similar limitations for our vendors and suppliers, and restrictions or disruptions of transportation, such as reduced availability of air transport, port closures, and increased border controls or closures, could limit our capacity to meet customer demand and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The outbreak has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty. We experienced significant decline in revenue in the first half of 2020 related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Although we experienced improvements in the business environment in the second half of 2020, the situation remains uncertain and the continued spread of COVID-19 may result in another economic slowdown similar or worse than what we experienced in the first half of 2020, including the possibility that it could lead to a global recession. Risks
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related to a slowdown or recession are described in our risk factor titled “Significantly increased volatility and instability and unfavorable economic conditions may adversely affect our business” below.
The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, and suppliers. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus, and our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.
The degree to which COVID-19 adversely impacts our future results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may experience material adverse impacts to our business as a result of the global economic impact and any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, it may also heighten many of the other risks described below. There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the outbreak on our operations and financial results is highly uncertain and subject to change.
Risks related to the semiconductor industry and the markets in which we participate
The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical.
Historically, the relationship between supply and demand in the semiconductor industry has caused a high degree of cyclicality in the semiconductor market. Semiconductor supply is partly driven by manufacturing capacity, which in the past has demonstrated alternating periods of substantial capacity additions and periods in which no or limited capacity was added. As a general matter, semiconductor companies are more likely to add capacity in periods when current or expected future demand is strong and margins are, or are expected to be, high. Investments in new capacity can result in overcapacity, which can lead to a reduction in prices and margins. In response, companies typically limit further capacity additions, eventually causing the market to be relatively undersupplied. In addition, demand for semiconductors varies, which can exacerbate the effect of supply fluctuations. As a result of this cyclicality, the semiconductor industry has in the past experienced significant downturns, such as in 1997/1998, 2001/2002 and in 2008/2009, often in connection with, or in anticipation of, maturing life cycles of semiconductor companies’ products and declines in general economic conditions. These downturns have been characterized by diminishing demand for end-user products, high inventory levels, under-utilization of manufacturing capacity and accelerated erosion of average selling prices. The foregoing risks have historically had, and may continue to have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Significantly increased volatility and instability and unfavorable economic conditions may adversely affect our business.
It is difficult for us, our customers and suppliers to forecast demand trends. We may be unable to accurately predict the extent or duration of cycles or their effect on our financial condition or result of operations and can give no assurance as to the timing, extent or duration of the current or future business cycles generally, or specific to the markets in which we participate. In the first half of 2020, demand in the automotive market steeply declined as a result of manufacturing shutdowns by automotive OEMs due to the coronavirus pandemic, resulting in an unforeseen negative impact to our results of operations. In 2008 and 2009, Europe, the United States and international markets experienced increased volatility and instability related to the global financial crisis. In the event of a future decline in global economic conditions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected, and the resulting economic decline might disproportionately affect the markets in which we participate, further exacerbating a decline in our results of operations.
The semiconductor industry is highly competitive. If we fail to introduce new technologies and products in a timely manner, this could adversely affect our business.
The semiconductor industry is highly competitive and characterized by constant and rapid technological change, short product lifecycles, significant price erosion and evolving standards. Accordingly, the success of our business depends to a significant extent on our ability to develop new technologies and products that are
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ultimately successful in the market. The costs related to the research and development necessary to develop new technologies and products are significant and any reduction of our research and development budget could harm our competitiveness. Meeting evolving industry requirements and introducing new products to the market in a timely manner and at prices that are acceptable to our customers are significant factors in determining our competitiveness and success. Commitments to develop new products must be made well in advance of any resulting sales, and technologies and standards may change during development, potentially rendering our products outdated or uncompetitive before their introduction. If we are unable to successfully develop new products, our revenue may decline substantially. Moreover, some of our competitors are well-established entities, are larger than us and have greater resources than we do. If these competitors increase the resources they devote to developing and marketing their products, we may not be able to compete effectively. Any consolidation among our competitors could enhance their product offerings and financial resources, further strengthening their competitive position. In addition, some of our competitors operate in narrow business areas relative to us, allowing them to concentrate their research and development efforts directly on products and services for those areas, which may give them a competitive advantage. As a result of these competitive pressures, we may face declining sales volumes or lower prevailing prices for our products, and we may not be able to reduce our total costs in line with this declining revenue. If any of these risks materialize, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The demand for our products depends to a significant degree on the demand for our customers’ end products.
The vast majority of our revenue is derived from sales to manufacturers in the automotive, industrial & IoT, mobile, and communication infrastructure. Demand in these markets fluctuates significantly, driven by consumer spending, consumer preferences, the development of new technologies and prevailing economic conditions. In addition, the specific products in which our semiconductors are incorporated may not be successful, or may experience price erosion or other competitive factors that affect the price manufacturers are willing to pay us. Such customers have in the past, and may in the future, vary order levels significantly from period to period, request postponements to scheduled delivery dates, modify their orders or reduce lead times. This is particularly common during periods of low demand. This can make managing our business difficult, as it limits the predictability of future revenue. It can also affect the accuracy of our financial forecasts. Furthermore, developing industry trends, including customers’ use of outsourcing and new and revised supply chain models, may affect our revenue, costs and working capital requirements.
If customers do not purchase products made specifically for them, we may not be able to resell such products to other customers or may not be able to require the customers who have ordered these products to pay a cancellation fee. The foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by continued price erosion, especially after a product has been on the market.
One of the results of the rapid innovation in the semiconductor industry is that pricing pressure, especially on products containing older technology, can be intense. Product life cycles are relatively short, and as a result, products tend to be replaced by more technologically advanced substitutes on a regular basis.
In turn, demand for older technology falls, causing the price at which such products can be sold to drop, in some cases precipitously. In order to continue profitably supplying these products, we must reduce our production costs in line with the lower revenue we can expect to generate per unit. Usually, this must be accomplished through improvements in process technology and production efficiencies. If we cannot advance our process technologies or improve our efficiencies to a degree sufficient to maintain required margins, we will no longer be able to make a profit from the sale of these products. Moreover, we may not be able to cease production of such products, either due to contractual obligations or for customer relationship reasons, and as a result may be required to bear a loss on such products. We cannot guarantee that competition in our core product markets will not lead to price erosion, lower revenue or lower margins in the future. Should reductions in our manufacturing costs fail to keep pace with reductions in market prices for the products we sell, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Risks related to our business operations
In many of the market segments in which we compete, we depend on winning selection processes, and failure to be selected could adversely affect our business in those market segments.
One of our business strategies is to participate in and win competitive bid selection processes to develop products for use in our customers’ equipment and products. These selection processes can be lengthy and require us to incur significant design and development expenditures, with no guarantee of winning a contract or generating revenue. Failure to win new design projects and delays in developing new products with anticipated technological advances or in commencing volume shipments of these products may have an adverse effect on our business. This risk is particularly pronounced in markets where there are only a few potential customers and in the automotive market, where, due to the longer design cycles involved, failure to win a design-in could prevent access to a customer for several years. Our failure to win a sufficient number of these bids could result in reduced revenue and hurt our competitive position in future selection processes because we may not be perceived as being a technology or industry leader, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our global business operations expose us to international business risks that could adversely affect our business.
If any of the following international business risks were to materialize or become worse, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations:
•negative economic developments in economies around the world and the instability of governments and international trade arrangements, such as the increase of barriers to international trade including the recent imposition of tariffs on imports by the United States and China, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union and the sovereign debt crisis in certain European countries;
•social and political instability in a number of countries around the world, including continued hostilities and civil unrest in the Middle East. The instability may have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and operations via our customers and volatility in energy prices and the financial markets;
•potential terrorist attacks;
•epidemics and pandemics, such as the coronavirus outbreak, which may adversely affect our workforce, as well as our suppliers and customers;
•adverse changes in governmental policies, especially those affecting trade and investment;
•volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, in particular with respect to the U.S. dollar, and transfer restrictions, in particular in China; and
•threats that our operations or property could be subject to nationalization and expropriation.
Goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets represent a significant portion of our total assets, and we may never realize the full value of our intangible assets.
Goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets are recorded at fair value on the date of an acquisition. As a result of our acquisition of Marvell’s Wireless WiFi Connectivity Business Unit, Bluetooth technology portfolio and related assets in 2019, we recognized goodwill of $1.1 billion and intangible assets of $0.5 billion. As a result of our acquisition of Freescale in 2015, we recognized goodwill of $7.4 billion and intangible assets of $8.5 billion. We review our goodwill and other intangible assets balance for impairment upon any indication of a potential impairment, and in the case of goodwill, at a minimum of once a year. Impairment may result from, among other things, a sustained decrease in share price, deterioration in performance, adverse market conditions, adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes that restrict the activities of or affect the products and services we sell, challenges to the validity of certain registered intellectual property, reduced sales of certain products incorporating intellectual property and a variety of other factors. The amount of any quantified impairment must be expensed immediately as a charge to results of operations. Depending on future circumstances, it is possible that we may never realize the full value of our intangible assets. Any future determination of impairment of goodwill or other identifiable intangible assets could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and stockholders’ equity.
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In difficult market conditions, our high fixed costs combined with low revenue may negatively affect our results of operations.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by high fixed costs and, notwithstanding our utilization of third-party manufacturing capacity, our production requirements are in part met by our own manufacturing facilities. In less favorable industry environments, like we faced in the first half of 2020, we are generally faced with a decline in the utilization rates of our manufacturing facilities due to decreases in demand for our products. During such periods, our fabrication plants could operate at lower loading level, while the fixed costs associated with the full capacity continue to be incurred, resulting in lower gross profit.
We may from time to time restructure parts of our organization. Any such restructuring may impact customer satisfaction and the costs of implementation may be difficult to predict.
We have previously executed restructuring initiatives and continue to assess, restructure and make changes to parts of the processes in our organization. If the global economy remains volatile, our revenues could decline and we may be forced to take additional cost savings steps that could result in additional charges and materially affect our business. The costs of implementing any restructurings, changes or cost savings steps may differ from our estimates and any negative impacts on our revenues or otherwise of such restructurings, changes or steps, such as situations in which customer satisfaction is negatively impacted, may be larger than originally estimated.
If we fail to extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements and social plans with our labor unions as they expire from time to time, if regular or statutory consultation processes with employee representatives such as works councils fail or are delayed, or if our unionized employees were to engage in a strike or other work stoppage, our business and operating results could be materially harmed.
We are a party to collective bargaining agreements and social plans with our labor unions. We are also required to consult with our employee representatives, such as works councils, on items such as restructurings, acquisitions and divestitures. Although we believe that our relations with our employees, employee representatives and unions are satisfactory, no assurance can be given that we will be able to successfully extend or renegotiate these agreements as they expire from time to time or to conclude the consultation processes in a timely and favorable way. The impact of future negotiations and consultation processes with employee representatives could have a material impact on our financial results. Also, if we fail to extend or renegotiate our labor agreements and social plans, if significant disputes with our unions arise, or if our unionized workers engage in a strike or other work stoppage, we could incur higher ongoing labor costs or experience a significant disruption of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our working capital needs are difficult to predict.
Our working capital needs are difficult to predict and may fluctuate. The comparatively long period between the time at which we commence development of a product and the time at which it may be delivered to a customer leads to high inventory and work-in-progress levels. The volatility of our customers’ own businesses and the time required to manufacture products also makes it difficult to manage inventory levels and requires us to stockpile products across many different specifications.
Our business may be adversely affected by costs relating to product defects, and we could be faced with product liability and warranty claims.
We make highly complex electronic components and, accordingly, there is a risk that defects may occur in any of our products. Such defects can give rise to significant costs, including expenses relating to recalling products, replacing defective items, writing down defective inventory and loss of potential sales. In addition, the occurrence of such defects may give rise to product liability and warranty claims, including liability for damages caused by such defects. If we release defective products into the market, our reputation could suffer and we may lose sales opportunities and incur liability for damages. Moreover, since the cost of replacing defective semiconductor devices is often much higher than the value of the devices themselves, we may at times face damage claims from customers in excess of the amounts they pay us for our products, including consequential damages. We also face exposure to potential liability resulting from the fact that our customers typically integrate the semiconductors we sell into numerous consumer products, which are then sold into the marketplace. We are exposed to product liability claims if our semiconductors or the consumer products based on them malfunction and result in personal injury or death. We may be named in product liability claims even if there is no evidence that our products caused the damage in question, and such claims could result in significant costs
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and expenses relating to attorneys’ fees and damages. In addition, our customers may recall their products if they prove to be defective or make compensatory payments in accordance with industry or business practice or in order to maintain good customer relationships. If such a recall or payment is caused by a defect in one of our products, our customers may seek to recover all or a portion of their losses from us. If any of these risks materialize, our reputation would be harmed and there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business has suffered, and could in the future suffer, from manufacturing problems.
We manufacture, in our own factories as well as with third parties, our products using processes that are highly complex, require advanced and costly equipment and must continuously be modified to improve yields and performance. Difficulties in the production process can reduce yields or interrupt production, and, as a result of such problems, we may on occasion not be able to deliver products or do so in a timely or cost-effective or competitive manner. As the complexity of both our products and our fabrication processes has become more advanced, manufacturing tolerances have been reduced and requirements for precision have become more demanding. As is common in the semiconductor industry, we have in the past experienced manufacturing difficulties that have given rise to delays in delivery and quality control problems. There can be no assurance that any such occurrence in the future would not materially harm our results of operations. Further, we may suffer disruptions in our manufacturing operations, either due to production difficulties such as those described above or as a result of external factors beyond our control. We may, in the future, experience manufacturing difficulties or permanent or temporary loss of manufacturing capacity due to the preceding or other risks. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on the timely supply of equipment and materials and could suffer if suppliers fail to meet their delivery obligations or raise prices. Certain equipment and materials needed in our manufacturing operations are only available from a limited number of suppliers.
Our manufacturing operations depend on deliveries of equipment and materials in a timely manner and, in some cases, on a just-in-time basis. From time to time, suppliers may extend lead times, limit the amounts supplied to us or increase prices due to capacity constraints or other factors. Supply disruptions may also occur due to shortages in critical materials, such as silicon wafers or specialized chemicals. Because the equipment that we purchase is complex, it is frequently difficult or impossible for us to substitute one piece of equipment for another or replace one type of material with another. A failure by our suppliers to deliver our requirements could result in disruptions to our manufacturing operations. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed if we are unable to obtain adequate supplies of quality equipment or materials in a timely manner or if there are significant increases in the costs of equipment or materials.
Failure of our third party suppliers to perform could adversely affect our ability to exploit growth opportunities.
We currently use outside suppliers for a portion of our manufacturing capacity. Outsourcing our production presents a number of risks. If our outside suppliers are unable to satisfy our demand, or experience manufacturing difficulties, delays or reduced yields, our results of operations and ability to satisfy customer demand could suffer. In addition, purchasing rather than manufacturing these products may adversely affect our gross profit margin if the purchase costs of these products are higher than our own manufacturing costs would have been. Prices for foundry products also vary depending on capacity utilization rates at our suppliers, quantities demanded, product technology and geometry. Furthermore, these outsourcing costs can vary materially from quarter to quarter and, in cases of industry shortages, they can increase significantly, negatively affecting our gross profit.
Disruptions in our relationships with any one of our key customers could adversely affect our business.
A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from our top customers, including our distributors. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to generate similar levels of revenue from our largest customers in the future. If one or more of these customers substantially reduce their purchases from us, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We receive subsidies and grants in certain countries, and a reduction in the amount of governmental funding available to us or demands for repayment could increase our costs and affect our results of operations.
As is the case with other large semiconductor companies, we receive subsidies and grants from governments in some countries. These programs are subject to periodic review by the relevant governments, and if any of these programs are curtailed or discontinued, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As the availability of government funding is outside our control, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to benefit from government support or that sufficient alternative funding will be available if we lose such support. Moreover, if we terminate any activities or operations, including strategic alliances or joint ventures, we may face adverse actions from the local governmental agencies providing such subsidies to us. In particular, such government agencies could seek to recover such subsidies from us and they could cancel or reduce other subsidies we receive from them. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Certain natural disasters, such as flooding, large earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or nuclear or other disasters, may negatively impact our business. There is increasing concern that climate change is occurring and may cause a rising number of natural disasters.
Environmental and other disasters, such as flooding, large earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or nuclear or other disasters, or a combination thereof may negatively impact our business. If flooding, a large earthquake, volcanic eruption or other natural disaster were to directly damage, destroy or disrupt our manufacturing facilities, it could disrupt our operations, delay new production and shipments of existing inventory or result in costly repairs, replacements or other costs, all of which would negatively impact our business. Even if our manufacturing facilities are not directly damaged, a large natural disaster may result in disruptions in distribution channels or supply chains and significant increases in the prices of raw materials used for our manufacturing process. For instance, the nuclear incident following the tsunami in Japan in 2011 impacted the supply chains of our customers and suppliers. Furthermore, any disaster affecting our customers (or their respective customers) may significantly negatively impact the demand for our products and our revenues.
The impact of any such natural disasters depends on the specific geographic circumstances but could be significant, as some of our factories are located in areas with known earthquake fault zones, flood or storm risks, including but not limited to Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia or Thailand. There is increasing concern that climate change is occurring that may cause a rising number of natural disasters with potentially dramatic effects on human activity. We cannot predict the economic impact, if any, of natural disasters or climate change.
Risks related to regulatory or legal challenges
As our business is global, we need to comply with laws and regulations in countries across the world.
We operate globally, with manufacturing, assembly and testing facilities in several continents, and we market our products globally.
As a result, we are subject to environmental, data privacy, labor and health and safety laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which we operate. We are also required to obtain environmental permits and other authorizations or licenses from governmental authorities for certain of our operations. In the jurisdictions where we operate, we need to comply with differing standards and varying practices of regulatory, tax, judicial and administrative bodies.
No assurance can be given that we have been or will be at all times in complete compliance with the laws and regulations to which we are subject or that we have obtained or will obtain the permits and other authorizations or licenses that we need. If we violate or fail to comply with laws, regulations, permits and other authorizations or licenses, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. Furthermore, if one or more of our customers are sanctioned by regulators for non-compliance with laws and regulations, we could experience a decrease in demand for our products. For example, import and export regulations, such as the U.S. Export Administration Regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, are complex, change frequently, have generally become more stringent over time and have intensified in recent years. Our results of operations could be negatively impacted if are required to suspend activities with certain customers or suppliers due to future changes in regulations. In 2020, due to regulations imposed by the U.S. government, we ceased shipments of our products to Huawei pending approval of export licenses. Furthermore, global privacy legislation, enforcement, and policy activity, such as the EU General Data Privacy Regulation, are rapidly
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expanding and creating a complex regulatory compliance environment. Costs to comply with and implement these privacy-related and data protection measures could be significant. Even our inadvertent failure to comply with applicable privacy-related or data protection laws and regulations could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities or others.
Legal proceedings covering a range of matters are pending in various jurisdictions. Due to the uncertainty inherent in litigation, it is difficult to predict the final outcome. An adverse outcome might affect our results of operations.
We and certain of our businesses are involved as plaintiffs or defendants in legal proceedings in various matters. For example, we are involved in legal proceedings claiming personal injuries to the children of former employees as a result of employees’ alleged exposure to chemicals used in semiconductor manufacturing clean room environments operated by us or our former parent companies, Philips and Motorola. Furthermore, because we continue to utilize these clean rooms, we may become subject to future claims alleging personal injury that may lead to additional liability. A judgment against us or material defense cost could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Environmental laws and regulations expose us to liability and compliance with these laws and regulations, and any such liability may adversely affect our business.
We are subject to many environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which we operate, which govern, among other things, emissions of pollutants into the air, wastewater discharges, the use and handling of hazardous substances, waste disposal, the investigation and remediation of soil and ground water contamination and the health and safety of our employees. We are also required to obtain environmental permits from governmental authorities for certain of our operations. We cannot assure you that we have been or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws, regulations and permits. If we violate or fail to comply with these laws, regulations or permits, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators.
As with other companies engaged in similar activities or that own or operate real property, we face inherent risks of environmental liability at our current and historical manufacturing facilities. Certain environmental laws impose strict, and in certain circumstances, joint and several liability on current or previous owners or operators of real property for the cost of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous substances as well as liability for related damages to natural resources. Certain of these laws also assess liability on persons who arrange for hazardous substances to be sent to disposal or treatment facilities when such facilities are found to be contaminated. While we do not expect that any contamination currently known to us will have a material adverse effect on our business, we cannot assure you that this is the case or that we will not discover new facts or conditions or that environmental laws or the enforcement of such laws will not change such that our liabilities would be increased significantly. In addition, we could also be held liable for consequences arising out of human exposure to hazardous substances or other environmental damage. In summary, we cannot assure you that our costs of complying with current and future environmental and health and safety laws, or our liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposures to, regulated materials, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.
Scientific examination of, political attention to and rules and regulations on issues surrounding the existence and extent of climate change may result in an increase in the cost of production due to increase in the prices of energy and introduction of energy or carbon tax. A variety of regulatory developments have been introduced that focus on restricting or managing the emission of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases. Enterprises may need to purchase at higher costs new equipment or raw materials with lower carbon footprints. Environmental laws and regulations could also require us to acquire pollution abatement or remediation equipment, modify product designs, or incur expenses. New materials that we are evaluating for use in our operations may become subject to regulation. These developments and further legislation that is likely to be enacted could affect our operations negatively. Changes in environmental regulations could increase our production and operational costs, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Risks related to cybersecurity and IT systems
Interruptions in our information technology systems could adversely affect our business.
We rely on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of complex information technology applications, systems and networks to operate our business. The reliability and security of our information technology
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infrastructure and software, and our ability to expand and continually update technologies in response to our changing needs is critical to our business. Any significant interruption in our business applications, systems or networks, including but not limited to new system implementations, computer viruses, cyberattacks, security breaches, facility issues or energy blackouts could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our computer systems and networks are subject to attempted security breaches and other cybersecurity incidents, which, if successful, could impact our business.
We have, from time to time, experienced cyber-attacks attempting to obtain access to our computer systems and networks. Such incidents, whether or not successful, could result in the misappropriation of our proprietary information and technology, the compromise of personal and confidential information of our employees, customers or suppliers or interrupt our business. For instance, in January 2020, we became aware of a compromise of certain of our systems. While this IT system compromise did not result in a material adverse effect on our business or any material damage to us, there can be no assurance that this or any other breach or incident will not have a material impact on our operations and financial results in the future. In the current environment, there are numerous and evolving risks to cybersecurity and privacy, including criminal hackers, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, employee malfeasance, and human or technological error. Computer hackers and others routinely attempt to breach the security of technology products, services, and systems, and those of customers, suppliers, and some of those attempts may be successful. Such breaches could result in, for example, unauthorized access to, disclosure, modification, misuse, loss, or destruction of our, our customer, or other third party data or systems, theft of sensitive or confidential data including personal information (including personal data about our employees, customers or other third parties) and intellectual property, system disruptions, and denial of service. In the event of such breaches, we, our customers or other third parties could be exposed to potential liability, litigation, and regulatory action, as well as the loss of existing or potential customers, damage to our reputation, and other financial loss. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of responding to breaches and implementing remediation measures could be significant. As these threats continue to develop and grow, we have been adapting our security measures and we continue to increase the amount we allocate to implement, maintain and/or update security systems to protect data and infrastructure. As a global enterprise, we could also be impacted by existing and proposed laws and regulations, as well as government policies and practices related to cybersecurity, privacy and data protection. Additionally, cyber-attacks or other catastrophic events resulting in disruptions to or failures in power, information technology, communication systems or other critical infrastructure could result in interruptions or delays to us, our customers, or other third party operations or services, financial loss, potential liability, and damage our reputation and affect our relationships with our customers and suppliers.
Risks related to intellectual property
We rely to a significant extent on proprietary intellectual property. We may not be able to protect this intellectual property against improper use by our competitors or others.
Our success and future revenue growth depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology, our products, our proprietary designs and fabrication processes, and other intellectual property against misappropriation by others. We primarily rely on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as nondisclosure agreements and other methods, to protect our intellectual property. We may have difficulty obtaining patents and other intellectual property rights to protect our proprietary products, technology and intellectual property, and the patents and other intellectual property rights we receive may be insufficient to provide us with meaningful protection or commercial advantage. We may not obtain patent protection or secure other intellectual property rights in all the countries in which we operate, and under the laws of such countries, patents and other intellectual property rights may be or become unavailable or limited in scope. Even if new patents are issued, the claims allowed may not be sufficiently broad to effectively protect our proprietary technology, processes and other intellectual property. In addition, any of our existing patents, and any future patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. The protection offered by intellectual property rights may be inadequate or weakened for reasons or circumstances that are out of our control. Further, our proprietary technology, designs and processes and other intellectual property may be vulnerable to disclosure or misappropriation by employees, contractors and other persons. It is possible that competitors or other unauthorized third parties may obtain, copy, use or disclose our proprietary technologies, our products, designs, processes and other intellectual property despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property. While we hold a
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significant number of patents, there can be no assurances that additional patents will be issued or that any rights granted under our patents will provide meaningful protection against misappropriation of our intellectual property. Our competitors may also be able to develop similar technology independently or design around our patents. We may not have or pursue patents or pending applications in all the countries in which we operate corresponding to all of our primary patents and applications. Even if patents are granted, effective enforcement in some countries may not be available. In particular, intellectual property rights are difficult to enforce in countries where the application and enforcement of the laws governing such rights may not have reached the same level as compared to other jurisdictions where we operate. Consequently, operating in some countries may subject us to an increased risk that unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise use our intellectual property or the intellectual property of our suppliers or other parties with whom we engage. There is no assurance that we will be able to protect our intellectual property rights or have adequate legal recourse in the event that we seek legal or judicial enforcement of our intellectual property rights under the laws of such countries. Any inability on our part to adequately protect our intellectual property may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may become party to intellectual property claims or litigation that could cause us to incur substantial costs, pay substantial damages or prohibit us from selling our products.
We have from time to time received, and may in the future receive, communications alleging possible infringement of patents and other intellectual property rights of others. Further, we may become involved in costly litigation brought against us regarding patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights. If any such claims are asserted against us, we may seek to obtain a license under the third party’s intellectual property rights. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain any or all of the necessary licenses on satisfactory terms, if at all. In the event that we cannot obtain or take the view that we don’t need a license, these parties may file lawsuits against us seeking damages (and potentially treble damages in the United States) or an injunction against the sale of our products that incorporate allegedly infringed intellectual property or against the operation of our business as presently conducted. Such lawsuits, if successful, could result in an increase in the costs of selling certain of our products, our having to partially or completely redesign our products or stop the sale of some of our products and could cause damage to our reputation. Any litigation could require significant financial and management resources regardless of the merits or outcome, and we cannot assure you that we would prevail in any litigation or that our intellectual property rights can be successfully asserted in the future or will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged. The award of damages, including material royalty payments, or the entry of an injunction against the manufacture and sale of some or all of our products, could affect our ability to compete or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks related to human capital management
Loss of our key management and other personnel, or an inability to attract such management and other personnel, could affect our business.
We depend on our key management to run our business and on our senior engineers to develop new products and technologies. Our success will depend on the continued service of these individuals. Although we have several share based compensation plans in place, we cannot be sure that these plans will help us in our ability to retain key personnel, especially considering that the stock options under some of our plans become exercisable upon a change of control (in particular, when a third party, or third parties acting in concert, obtains, whether directly or indirectly, control of us). The loss of any of our key personnel, whether due to departures, death, ill health or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business. The market for qualified employees, including skilled engineers and other individuals with the required technical expertise to succeed in our business, is highly competitive and the loss of qualified employees or an inability to attract, retain and motivate the additional highly skilled employees required for the operation and expansion of our business could hinder our ability to successfully conduct research activities or develop marketable products. The foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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Risks related to our corporate structure
United States civil liabilities may not be enforceable against us.
We are incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands and substantial portions of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, certain members of our board, our officers and certain experts named herein reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such other persons residing outside the United States, or to enforce outside the United States judgments obtained against such persons in U.S. courts in any action. In addition, it may be difficult for investors to enforce, in original actions brought in courts in jurisdictions located outside the United States, rights predicated upon the U.S. laws.
In the absence of an applicable treaty for the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments (other than arbitration awards) in civil and commercial matters to which the United States and the Netherlands are a party, a judgment obtained against the Company in the courts of the United States, whether or not predicated solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws, including a judgment predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities law or securities laws of any State or territory within the United States, will not be directly enforceable in the Netherlands.
In order to obtain a judgment which is enforceable in the Netherlands, the claim must be relitigated before a competent court of the Netherlands; the relevant Netherlands court has discretion to attach such weight to a judgment of the courts of the United States as it deems appropriate; based on case law, the courts of the Netherlands may be expected to recognize and grant permission for enforcement of a judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction in the United States without re-examination or relitigation of the substantive matters adjudicated thereby, provided that (i) the relevant court in the United States had jurisdiction in the matter in accordance with standards which are generally accepted internationally; (ii) the proceedings before that court complied with principles of proper procedure; (iii) recognition and/or enforcement of that judgment does not conflict with the public policy of the Netherlands; and (iv) recognition and/or enforcement of that judgment is not irreconcilable with a decision of a Dutch court rendered between the same parties or with an earlier decision of a foreign court rendered between the same parties in a dispute that is about the same subject matter and that is based on the same cause, provided that earlier decision can be recognized in the Netherlands.
Based on the foregoing, there can be no assurance that U.S. investors will be able to enforce against us or members of our board of directors, officers or certain experts named herein who are residents of the Netherlands or countries other than the United States any judgments obtained in U.S. courts in civil and commercial matters.
In addition, there is doubt as to whether a Dutch court would impose civil liability on us, the members of our board of directors, our officers or certain experts named herein in an original action predicated solely upon the U.S. laws brought in a court of competent jurisdiction in the Netherlands against us or such members, officers or experts, respectively.
We are a Dutch public company with limited liability. The rights of our stockholders may be different from the rights of stockholders governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions.
We are a Dutch public company with limited liability (naamloze vennootschap). Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of association and by the laws governing companies incorporated in the Netherlands. The rights of stockholders and the responsibilities of members of our board of directors may be different from the rights and obligations of stockholders in companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions. In the performance of its duties, our board of directors is required by Dutch law to consider the interests of our company, its stockholders, its employees and other stakeholders, in all cases with due observation of the principles of reasonableness and fairness. It is possible that some of these parties will have interests that are different from, or in addition to, your interests as a stockholder. See Part III, Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Risks related to our indebtedness
Our debt obligations expose us to risks that could adversely affect our financial condition, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
As of December 31, 2020, we had outstanding indebtedness with an aggregate principal amount of $7,650 million. Our substantial indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on our business by:
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•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry or competitive developments;
•requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities;
•exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates in the event we have borrowings under our $1,500 million revolving credit facility agreement (the “RCF Agreement”) because loans under the RCF Agreement bear interest at a variable rate;
•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness and any failure to comply with the obligations of any our debt instruments, including restrictive covenants and borrowing conditions, could result in an event default under the indentures governing our notes and agreements governing other indebtedness;
•restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financial for working capital, capital expenditures, restructurings, product development, research and development, debt service requirements, investments, acquisitions and general corporate or other purposes; and
•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged and who therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage prevents us from exploiting.
Despite our level of indebtedness, we may still incur significantly more debt, which could further exacerbate the risks described above and affect our ability to service and repay our debt.
If we do not comply with the covenants in our debt agreements or fail to generate sufficient cash to service and repay our debt, it could adversely affect our operating results and our financial condition.
The RCF Agreement and the indentures governing our unsecured notes or any other debt arrangements that we may have require us to comply with various covenants. If there were an event of default under any of our debt instruments that was not cured or waived, the holders of the defaulted debt could terminate commitments to lend and cause all amounts outstanding with respect to the debt to be due and payable immediately, which in turn could result in cross defaults under our other debt instruments. Our assets and cash flow may not be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under all of our outstanding debt instruments if some or all of these instruments are accelerated upon an event of default.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, restructure or refinance our indebtedness or reduce or delay capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain enough capital to service our debt and fund our planned capital expenditures and business plan. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations.
The rating of our debt by major rating agencies may further improve or deteriorate, which could affect our additional borrowing capacity and financing costs.
The major debt rating agencies routinely evaluate our debt. These ratings are based on current information furnished to the ratings agencies by us and information obtained by the ratings agencies from other sources. An explanation of the significance of such rating may be obtained from such rating agency. There can be no assurance that such credit ratings will remain in effect for any given period of time or that such ratings will not be lowered, suspended or withdrawn entirely by the rating agencies, if, in each rating agency’s judgment, circumstances so warrant. Actual or anticipated changes or downgrades in our credit ratings, including any
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announcement that our ratings are under further review for a downgrade, could affect our market value and/or increase our corporate borrowing costs.
General risk factors
The price of our common stock historically has been volatile. The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
The stock market in recent years has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of companies. The market price for our common stock has varied between a high of $167.27 on December 7, 2020 and a low of $58.41 on March 18, 2020 in the twelve-month period ending on December 31, 2020. The market price of our common stock is likely to continue to be volatile and subject to significant price and volume fluctuations for many reasons, including in response to the risks described in this section, changes in our dividend or share repurchase policies, variations between our actual financial results or guidance and expectations of securities analysts or investors or for reasons unrelated to our operations, such as reports by industry analysts, investor perceptions or negative announcements by our customers, competitors, peer companies or suppliers regarding their own performance, or announcements by our competitors of significant contracts, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, joint marketing relationships or capital commitments, the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments affecting us or our industry, as well as industry conditions and general financial, economic and political instability. In the past, following periods of market volatility, shareholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
We may have fluctuations in the amount and frequency of our stock repurchases.
The amount, timing, and execution of our stock repurchases may fluctuate based on our priorities for the use of cash for other purposes—such as investing in our business, including operational spending, capital spending, and acquisitions, and returning cash to our stockholders as dividend payments—and because of changes in cash flows, tax laws, and the market price of our common stock.
There can be no assurance that we will continue to declare cash dividends.
Our board of directors has adopted a dividend policy pursuant to which we currently pay a cash dividend on our ordinary shares on a quarterly basis. The declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the approval of our board and our dividend may be discontinued or reduced at any time. There can be no assurance that we will declare cash dividends in the future in any particular amounts, or at all.
Future dividends, if any, and their timing and amount, may be affected by, among other factors: management’s views on potential future capital requirements for strategic transactions, including acquisitions; earnings levels; contractual restrictions; cash position and overall financial condition; and changes to our business model. The payment of cash dividends is restricted by applicable law, contractual restrictions and our corporate structure.
The impact of a negative performance of financial markets and demographic trends on our defined benefit pension liabilities and costs cannot be predicted.
We sponsor defined benefit pension plans in a number of countries and a significant number of our employees are covered by our defined benefit pension plans. As of December 31, 2020, we had recognized a net accrued benefit liability of $566 million, representing the unfunded benefit obligations of our defined pension plans. The funding status and the liabilities and costs of maintaining these defined benefit pension plans may be impacted by financial market developments. For example, the accounting for such plans requires determining discount rates, expected rates of compensation and expected returns on plan assets, and any changes in these variables can have a significant impact on the projected benefit obligations and net periodic pension costs. Negative performance of the financial markets could also have a material impact on funding requirements and net periodic pension costs. Our defined benefit pension plans may also be subject to demographic trends. Accordingly, our costs to meet pension liabilities going forward may be significantly higher than they are today, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition.
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Future changes to Dutch, U.S. and other foreign tax laws could adversely affect us.
The European Commission, U.S. Congress and Treasury Department, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and other government agencies in jurisdictions where we and our affiliates do business have had an extended focus on issues related to the taxation of multinational corporations, particularly payments made between affiliates from a jurisdiction with high tax rates to a jurisdiction with lower tax rates. As a result, the tax laws in the European Union, U.S. and other countries in which we and our affiliates do business could change on a prospective or retroactive basis, and any such changes could adversely affect us and our affiliates.
Recent examples include the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s initiatives to revise profit allocation and nexus rules to allocate more taxing rights to countries where companies have their markets and to establish a minimum tax rate on a global basis. These initiatives include recommendations and proposals that, if enacted in countries in which we and our affiliates do business, could adversely affect us and our affiliates.
We are exposed to a number of different tax uncertainties, which could have an impact on our results.
We are required to pay taxes in multiple jurisdictions. We determine the taxes we are required to pay based on our interpretation of the applicable tax laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We may be subject to unfavorable changes in the respective tax laws and regulations to which we are subject. Tax controls, audits, change in controls and changes in tax laws or regulations or the interpretation given to them may expose us to negative tax consequences, including interest payments and potentially penalties. We have issued transfer-pricing directives in the areas of goods, services and financing, which are in accordance with the Guidelines of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). As transfer pricing has a cross border effect, the focus of local tax authorities on implemented transfer pricing procedures in a country may have an impact on results in another country.
Transfer pricing uncertainties can also result from disputes with local tax authorities about transfer pricing of internal deliveries of goods and services or related to financing, acquisitions and divestments, the use of tax credits and permanent establishments, and tax losses carried forward. These uncertainties may have a significant impact on local tax results. We also have various tax assets resulting from acquisitions. Tax assets can also result from the generation of tax losses in certain legal entities. Tax authorities may challenge these tax assets. In addition, the value of the tax assets resulting from tax losses carried forward depends on having sufficient taxable profits in the future.
Additionally, in December of 2017, the United States enacted a budget reconciliation act amending the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”) and, as from 2018, the U.S. Treasury Department issued regulations to clarify certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act contains provisions affecting the tax treatment of both U.S. companies (such as certain of our subsidiaries) and non-U.S. companies that could materially affect us. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act includes provisions that reduce the U.S. corporate tax rate, impose a base erosion minimum tax on income of a U.S. corporation determined without regard to certain otherwise deductible payments made to certain foreign affiliates, impose a global intangible low-income tax on foreign earnings made by U.S. corporations’ foreign subsidiaries, and impose a one-time transition tax on certain historic earnings and profits of U.S.-owned foreign subsidiaries. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act also includes provisions that provide a deduction for certain foreign-derived intangible income. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued temporary and proposed regulations providing guidance on the application of many of the provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. However, there may continue to be a substantial delay before all such regulations are promulgated and/or finalized, increasing the uncertainty as to the ultimate effect of the statutory amendments on us. It is also possible that there will be technical corrections legislation proposed with respect to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the effect of which cannot be predicted.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 2. Properties
The Company's headquarters are located in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. As of February 25, 2021, the Company owned or leased facilities for commercial office space, manufacturing and other purposes at locations in the Netherlands, the U.S. and multiple other countries. The company believes its existing facilities and equipment are in good operating condition and adequate to meet our need for the near future.
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The information set forth under the “Litigation” and “Environmental Remediation” captions of Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report is incorporated herein by reference. For additional discussion of certain risks associated with legal proceedings, see Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq stock market under the symbol NXPI. On February 19, 2021 there were 15 shareholders of record and 514,298 beneficial shareholders of our common stock.
Dividends Per Common Share
The following table presents the quarterly dividends on our common stock for the periods indicated:

| 2020 |  | 2019
First Quarter | 0.375 |  |  | 0.250 |
Second Quarter | 0.375 |  |  | 0.250 |
Third Quarter | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |
Fourth Quarter | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |

Equity Compensation Plan Information
Information regarding our equity compensation plans, including both stockholder approved plans and non-stockholder approved plans, will be contained in our Proxy Statement for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and is incorporated by reference into this report.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Effective July 26, 2018, the board of directors of NXP (the “Board”), as authorized by the 2018 annual general meeting of shareholders, authorized the repurchase of $5 billion of the Company’s ordinary shares over a period of 18 months (the “2018 Share Repurchase Program”). In October 2018, the board of directors of NXP increased the repurchase authorization under the 2018 Share Repurchase Program up to a maximum of 20% of issued share capital (approximately 69 million shares). The 2018 Share Repurchase Program was completed in July 2019, and a total of 69 million shares were repurchased under this program. In November 2019, the Board, as authorized by the 2019 annual general meeting of shareholders, authorized the repurchase of $2 billion of shares (the “2019 Share Repurchase Program”). In addition, the Board approved the purchase of shares from participants in the Company's equity programs who trade shares as trade for tax. This authorization will remain in effect until terminated by the Board. During the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2020, NXP repurchased shares for an amount of $0.6 billion (representing 4.8 million shares) under the 2019 Share Repurchase Program and as trade for tax. Under Dutch tax law, the repurchase of a company’s shares by an entity domiciled in the Netherlands results in a taxable event, unless exemptions apply. The tax on the repurchased shares is attributed to the shareholders, with NXP making the payment on the shareholders’ behalf. As such, the tax on the repurchased shares is accounted for within stockholders’ equity.
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The following table provides a summary of share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2020:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Program |  | Number of Shares Purchased as Trade for Tax (1)
September 28, 2020 – November 1, 2020 |  | 427,399 |  | $133.26 |  | 14,913 |  | 12,195,431 |  | 412,486
November 2, 2020 – November 29, 2020 |  | 864,280 |  | $145.43 |  | 656,724 |  | 9,753,343 |  | 207,556
November 30, 2020 – December 31, 2020 |  | 468,879 |  | $158.09 |  | 435,898 |  | 9,309,434 |  | 32,981
Total |  | 1,760,558 |  |  |  | 1,107,535 |  |  |  | 653,023

(1) Reflects shares surrendered by participants to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the Company's equity programs.
Company Performance
The following graph shows a comparison, since December 31, 2015 of cumulative total return for NXP, the Standard & Poor's 500 Index, and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange Semiconductor Index. The graph assumes $100 (not in millions) invested on December 31, 2015 in our common stock and each of the indices.
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following table presents a summary of our selected historical consolidated financial data. We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The results of operations for prior years are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.
On December 6, 2019, we acquired Marvell Technology Group Ltd.'s ("Marvell") Wireless WiFi Connectivity Business Unit, Bluetooth technology portfolio and related assets, for total consideration of $1.7 billion, net of closing adjustments. The results of their operations and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination are included in our financial statements from the date of acquisition forward.
On July 26, 2018, we received $2 billion in termination compensation from Qualcomm per the terms of the purchase contract.
On February 6, 2017, we divested our Standard Products (“SP”) business, receiving $2.6 billion in cash proceeds, net of cash divested. Prior to February 6, 2017, the results of the SP business were included in the reportable segment SP.
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The information set forth below for the five years ended December 31, 2020, is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K to fully understand factors that may affect the comparability of the information presented below.

| As of and for the years ended December 31,
($ in millions unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017⁽¹⁾ |  | 2016
Consolidated statements of operations data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue(2) | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | 9,407 |  |  | 9,256 |  |  | 9,498 |
Gross profit(3) | 4,235 |  |  | 4,618 |  |  | 4,851 |  |  | 4,619 |  |  | 4,069 |
Total operating expenses(4) | (3,931) |  |  | (4,002) |  |  | (4,142) |  |  | (4,092) |  |  | (4,228) |
Other income (expense)(5) | 114 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,001 |  |  | 1,575 |  |  | 9 |
Operating income (loss) | 418 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 2,710 |  |  | 2,102 |  |  | (150) |
Financial income (expense) | (417) |  |  | (350) |  |  | (335) |  |  | (366) |  |  | (453) |
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders | 52 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 2,208 |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | 200 |
Earnings per share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per common share attributable to stockholders in $ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
•Basic | 0.19 |  |  | 0.86 |  |  | 6.78 |  |  | 6.54 |  |  | 0.59 |
•Diluted | 0.18 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | 6.72 |  |  | 6.41 |  |  | 0.58 |
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
•Basic | 279,763 |  |  | 282.056 |  |  | 325.781 |  |  | 338.646 |  |  | 338.477 |
•Diluted | 283,809 |  |  | 285.911 |  |  | 328.606 |  |  | 345.802 |  |  | 347.607 |
Cash dividends declared per share(6) | 1.50 |  |  | 1.25 |  |  | 0.50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash dividends declared per share in EUR(6) | 1.29 |  |  | 1.12 |  |  | 0.43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consolidated balance sheet data(7): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2,275 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 2,789 |  |  | 3,547 |  |  | 1,894 |
Total assets | 19,847 |  |  | 20,016 |  |  | 21,530 |  |  | 24,049 |  |  | 24,898 |
Net assets | 9,151 |  |  | 9,655 |  |  | 10,690 |  |  | 13,716 |  |  | 11,156 |
Working capital(8) | 2,307 |  |  | 1,476 |  |  | 2,947 |  |  | 4,077 |  |  | 3,386 |
Total debt(9), (10) | 7,609 |  |  | 7,365 |  |  | 7,354 |  |  | 6,565 |  |  | 9,187 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 8,944 |  |  | 9,441 |  |  | 10,505 |  |  | 13,527 |  |  | 10,935 |
Common stock | 59 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 71 |
Other operating data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (392) |  |  | (526) |  |  | (611) |  |  | (552) |  |  | (389) |
Depreciation and amortization(11) | 1,988 |  |  | 2,047 |  |  | 1,987 |  |  | 2,173 |  |  | 2,205 |
Consolidated statements of cash flows data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used for): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | 2,482 |  |  | 2,373 |  |  | 4,369 |  |  | 2,447 |  |  | 2,303 |
Investing activities | (418) |  |  | (2,284) |  |  | (522) |  |  | 2,072 |  |  | (627) |
Financing activities(12) | (835) |  |  | (1,831) |  |  | (4,597) |  |  | (2,886) |  |  | (1,392) |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1,229 |  |  | (1,742) |  |  | (750) |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | 284 |

(1) Reflects the results of the SP business up to the February 6, 2017 divestment.
(2) Under the modified retrospective method, revenue amounts before January 1, 2018 have not been adjusted for the impact of adopting ASC 606.
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(3) Gross profit in 2020 includes a charge of $17 million and in 2019 includes a charge of $8 million resulting from the purchase accounting effect on the inventory acquired from Marvell. In 2016 gross profit includes a charge of $448 million, resulting from the purchase accounting effect on the inventory acquired from Freescale.
(4) In 2020, total operating expenses include charges related to an impairment charge of $36 million relative to in-process research and development (IPR&D) that was acquired from Freescale. In 2019, total operating expenses include charges related to the acquisition of Marvell as follows - $7 million for the amortization of acquisition-related intangibles and $5 million of acquisition related costs. Total operating expenses in 2016 include charges related to the acquisition of Freescale as follows - $1,430 million for the amortization of acquisition-related intangibles, which includes an impairment charge of $89 million relative to IPR&D that was acquired from Freescale, and $53 million of merger and integration related costs.
(5) Other income (expense) in 2020 includes the net gain on the sale of the Voice and Audio Solutions (VAS) assets of $110 million and in 2018 includes the termination compensation received from Qualcomm ($2 billion). Other income (expense) in 2017 includes the recognition of the gain on the sale of our SP business ($1,597 million).
(6) Reflects the interim dividends declared under the previously announced Quarterly Dividend Program.
(7) Consolidated balance sheet data as of 2019 includes the impact of purchase accounting on the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with our acquisition of Marvell.
(8) Working capital is calculated as current assets less current liabilities (excluding short-term debt).
(9) On May 1, 2020, NXP entered into three new senior unsecured notes, which are due in 2025 ($500 million), 2027 ($500 million) and 2030 ($1 billion). NXP used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes as well as the repayment of the $1,350 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding notes due 2021 and the $400 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding notes due 2022. On June 18, 2019, NXP entered into two new senior unsecured notes, which are due in 2026 ($750 million) and 2029 ($1 billion). NXP used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes as well as the repayment of the $600 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of 2020 senior notes. In addition, in December 2019 NXP fully repaid the $1.15 billion 2019 cash convertible senior notes. On December 6, 2018, NXP entered into 3 new senior unsecured notes, which are due in 2024 ($1 billion), 2026 ($500 million) and 2028 ($500 million). NXP used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes as well as the repayment of the $1 billion senior unsecured bridge term credit facility agreement (the “Bridge Loan”), which was entered into on September 19, 2018 for general corporate purposes as well as to finance parts of the announced equity buy-back program. In April 2018, NXP fully repaid the $750 million senior unsecured notes on the due date. In addition, NXP fully repaid the $500 million senior unsecured notes due in 2023. In February 2017, NXP repaid all term loans, including Term Loan B (defined below), with the funds from the proceeds of the divestment of the SP business. Additionally, $500 million was repaid on the 2021 unsecured senior notes in March 2017.
(10) The following is a reconciliation of net debt to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, total debt, as adjusted for our cash and cash equivalents our net debt was calculated as follows:

($ in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Long-term debt | 7,609 |  |  | 7,365 |  |  | 6,247 |  |  | 5,814 |  |  | 8,766 |
Short-term debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,107 |  |  | 751 |  |  | 421 |
Total debt | 7,609 |  |  | 7,365 |  |  | 7,354 |  |  | 6,565 |  |  | 9,187 |
Less: cash and cash equivalents | (2,275) |  |  | (1,045) |  |  | (2,789) |  |  | (3,547) |  |  | (1,894) |
Net debt | 5,334 |  |  | 6,320 |  |  | 4,565 |  |  | 3,018 |  |  | 7,293 |

Net debt is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Use of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures” under Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(11) Depreciation and amortization includes the effect of purchase accounting related to acquisitions in certain years. The effect of purchase accounting in depreciation and amortization was $1,433 million in 2020 (which includes an impairment charge of $36 million relative to IPR&D that was acquired with the acquisition of Freescale), $1,528 million in 2019, $1,535 million in 2018, $1,741 million in 2017 and $1,782 million (which includes an impairment charge of $89 million relative to IPR&D that was acquired from Freescale) in 2016.
(12) Financing activities includes the repurchases of NXP common stock in 2020 ($627 million), 2019 ($1,443 million) and in 2018 ($5,006 million) and the distribution of cash dividends in 2020 ($420 million), in 2019 ($319 million) and in 2018 ($74 million).
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As used in this Annual Report, “euro”, or “€” means the single unified currency of the European Monetary Union. “U.S. dollar”, “USD”, “U.S. $” or “$” means the lawful currency of the United States of America. As used in this Annual Report, the term “noon buying rate” refers to the exchange rate for euro, expressed in U.S. dollars per euro, as announced by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for customs purposes as the rate in the city of New York for cable transfers in foreign currencies.
The table below shows the average noon buying rates for U.S. dollars per euro for the five years ended December 31, 2020. The averages set forth in the table below have been computed using the noon buying rate on the next to last business day of each fiscal month during the periods indicated.

| Year ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Average $ per € | 1.1412 |  |  | 1.1210 |  |  | 1.1794 |  |  | 1.1310 |  |  | 1.1065 |

Fluctuations in the value of the euro relative to the U.S. dollar have had a significant effect on the translation into U.S. dollar of our euro-denominated assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and may continue to do so in the future. For further information on the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates on our operations, see the “Fluctuations in Foreign Rates May Have An Adverse Effect On Our Financial Results” section in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors and the “Foreign Currency Risks” section in Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document. This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2020 and 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2020 and 2019. Discussions of 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020.
Our MD&A is provided in addition to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to assist readers in understanding our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. MD&A is organized as follows:
•Overview - Overall analysis of financial and other highlights to provide context for the MD&A
•Results of Operations - An analysis of our financial results
•Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources - An analysis of changes in our balance sheets and cash flows and a discussion of our financial condition and potential sources of liquidity
•Critical Accounting Estimates - Accounting estimates that management believes are the most important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our financial results and forecasts
•Use of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures - A discussion of the non-GAAP measures used
Effective January 1, 2019, NXP removed the reference to HPMS in its organizational structure in acknowledgment of the one reportable segment representing the entity as a whole. Our segment represents groups of similar products that are combined on the basis of similar design and development requirements, product characteristics, manufacturing processes and distribution channels, and how management allocates resources and measures results. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment.
Overview

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | Three Months Ended |  | Years Ended
| December 31, 2020 |  | September 27, 2020 |  | Increase/(decrease) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | Increase/(decrease)
Revenue | 2,507 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | (265) |
Gross profit | 1,288 |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 4,235 |  |  | 4,618 |  |  | (383) |
Operating income (loss) | 463 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 431 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 641 |  |  | (223) |
Cash flow from operating activities | 1,029 |  |  | 527 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 2,482 |  |  | 2,373 |  |  | 109 |
Total debt | 7,609 |  |  | 9,356 |  |  | (1,747) |  |  | 7,609 |  |  | 7,365 |  |  | 244 |
Net debt | 5,334 |  |  | 5,790 |  |  | (456) |  |  | 5,334 |  |  | 6,320 |  |  | (986) |
Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding | 285,258 |  |  | 279,467 |  |  | 5,791 |  |  | 283,809 |  |  | 285,911 |  |  | (2,102) |
Diluted net income per share | 1.08 |  |  | (0.08) |  |  | 1.16 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | (0.67) |
Dividends per common share | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.500 |  |  | 1.25 |  |  | 0.25 |

Revenue for 2020 was $8,612 million, down 3% from 2019 against a very challenging economic environment, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. By end market, Automotive revenue was $3,825 million, a decrease of 9% versus the year ago period. Within the Communication Infrastructure & Other end market, revenue was $1,703 million, a decline of 9% year-on-year. These annual declines were partly offset by good year-on-year performance in the Industrial & IoT and Mobile end-markets. Revenue in the Industrial & IoT end market was $1,836 million, a 15% increase, while revenue in the Mobile end market was $1,248 million, a 5% increase. The revenue achieved in both the Industrial & IoT and the Mobile end markets represent new all-time highs. When aggregating all end markets, the decrease in revenue was mostly related to lower sales to OEMs. From a regional perspective, revenue declined in EMEA, Americas and Japan, offset partly by Greater China.
Our gross profit percentage for 2020 decreased to 49.2% from 52.0%, primarily due to the significant deceleration of revenue and the associated reduced manufacturing activity during the second and third quarters, further amplified by the absorption of excess manufacturing fixed costs as a result of abnormal under-loading in our front-end factories due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Revenue for the fourth quarter of 2020 was $2,507 million, an increase of 11% sequentially from revenue for the third quarter of 2020, as the improving business environment emerging at the end of the third quarter continued into the fourth quarter. From an end market perspective, the increase sequentially was driven primarily by Automotive with an
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increase of 24% and by Mobile with an increase of 21%. These increases were slightly offset by a decline of 13% in Communication Infrastructure & Other and a decrease of 0.6% in Industrial & IoT.
We continue to generate strong operating cash flows, with $2,482 million in cash flows from operations for 2020. We returned $1,047 million to our shareholders during the year in dividends and repurchases of common stock. Our cash position at the end of 2020 was $2,275 million. On November 19, 2020, the NXP Board of Directors approved a cash dividend of $0.375 per common share for the fourth quarter of 2020.
Our global communities continue to face unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, but NXP has continued to respond actively by addressing the COVID-19 situation and its impact globally with global crisis response teams, working to mitigate the potential impacts to our people and our business. With our strong business model and with demonstrated financial discipline, which is a keystone of our culture, we continue to believe that we will emerge from this time well positioned for long-term growth as we continue to see strong customer interest in the breadth of our product portfolio, combined with solid design win awards. However, we cannot reasonably estimate the duration and severity of this global pandemic or its ultimate impact on the global economy and our business and results.
Demand has come back more rapidly than we expected and our current focus is to look after our customers and ensure we ship as much product to them as possible. While we are encouraged by the rapid rebound in demand, we are still challenged by the impact of the global pandemic. We are still of the view that the best course of action is to continue to focus on enabling our customers success while simultaneously assuring the safety and health of all our employees.
Results of Operations
The following table presents the composition of operating income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenue | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |
% nominal growth | (3.0) |  |  | (5.6) |
Gross profit | 4,235 |  |  | 4,618 |
Research and development | (1,725) |  |  | (1,643) |
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) | (879) |  |  | (924) |
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets | (1,327) |  |  | (1,435) |
Other income (expense) | 114 |  |  | 25 |
Operating income (loss) | 418 |  |  | 641 |

Revenue
Revenue for the year-ended December 31, 2020 was $8,612 million compared to $8,877 million for the year-ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $265 million or 3%. The decrease is attributed to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in our primary end-markets, including year-on-year decreases in the Automotive and in the Communication Infrastructure & Other end markets. These declines were partly offset by increases in the Industrial & IoT and Mobile end markets.
Revenue by end-market was as follows:

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Increase/(decrease) |  | %
Automotive | 3,825 |  |  | 4,212 |  |  | (387) |  |  | (9.2) | %
Industrial & IoT | 1,836 |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 14.8 | %
Mobile | 1,248 |  |  | 1,191 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Communication Infrastructure & Other | 1,703 |  |  | 1,875 |  |  | (172) |  |  | (9.2) | %
Revenue | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | (265) |  |  | (3.0) | %

Revenue by sales channel was as follows:

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Increase/(decrease) |  | %
Distributors | 4,720 |  |  | 4,409 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 7.1 | %
OEM/EMS | 3,728 |  |  | 4,352 |  |  | (624) |  |  | (14.3) | %
Other | 164 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 41.4 | %
Revenue | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | (265) |  |  | (3.0) | %

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Revenue by geographic region, which is based on the customer’s shipped-to location, was as follows:

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Increase/(decrease) |  | %
Greater China (including Asia Pacific) | 5,124 |  |  | 4,934 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 3.9 | %
EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa) | 1,538 |  |  | 1,760 |  |  | (222) |  |  | (12.6) | %
Americas | 977 |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | (99) |  |  | (9.2) | %
Japan | 647 |  |  | 780 |  |  | (133) |  |  | (17.1) | %
South Korea | 326 |  |  | 327 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (0.3) | %
Revenue | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | (265) |  |  | (3.0) | %

n | Automotive | n | Mobile |  | n | Distributors | n | Other
n | Industrial & IoT | n | Comm Infra & Other |  | n | OEM/EMS |  |

Revenue in the Automotive end market declined $387 million year-on-year. The decline was due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted automotive supply chains and resulted in many auto OEMs outside of China shutting car production sites, primarily in Europe and North America. The year-on-year declines were most notable in our core automotive products which are more susceptible to variances in auto production rates, including our mainstream auto processors, advanced analog, and sensor products.
Revenue derived from the Industrial & IoT market increased $237 million year-on-year, driven by the contribution of revenue associated with the recently acquired Marvell wireless connectivity assets for connected IoT solutions. Additionally, revenue increased from higher demand for smart power, high performance analog, and general-purpose microcontrollers, primarily in the distribution channel in Greater China.
Within the Mobile end-market, revenue increased $57 million year-on-year. The increase was predominantly associated with continued customer adoption of secure mobile wallet solutions primarily to distributors in Greater China, as well as increased demand for embedded power solutions, which increased sales to distributors mainly in Greater China and OEM sales in Asia Pacific. These increases were offset by the divestment of Voice and Audio Solutions, which closed early in the first quarter of 2020.
Revenue in the Communication Infrastructure & Other end market declined $172 million year-on-year. The decline was related to reduced demand in Greater China and Asia Pacific for High-Performance Radio Frequency (HPRF) power amplifiers used in 4G cellular base stations, offset by increased demand for network communication processors from distributors and OEM customers. In addition, the overall decline was also offset by revenue related to the acquisition of the Marvell wireless connectivity assets used in access solutions.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the year-ended December 31, 2020 was $4,235 million, or 49.2% of revenue, compared to $4,618 million, or 52.0% of revenue, for the year-ended December 31, 2019. The decrease of $383 million was primarily driven by lower revenue and the reduced internal manufacturing activity during the second and third quarters, further by with the absorption of excess manufacturing fixed costs as a result of abnormal under-loading in our front-
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end factories due to the COVID-19 crisis as well as the purchase accounting effect on inventory ($17 million) resulting from the Marvell acquisition. As a result, the gross margin percentage decreased to 49.2% from 52.0%.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the year-ended December 31, 2020 totaled $3,931 million, or 45.6% of revenue, compared to $4,002 million, or 45.1% of revenue, for the year-ended December 31, 2019.
The following table below presents the composition of operating expenses by line item in the statement of operations.

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | % of revenue |  | 2019 |  | % of revenue |  | % change
Research and development | 1,725 |  |  | 20.0 | % |  | 1,643 |  |  | 18.5 | % |  | 5.0 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 879 |  |  | 10.2 | % |  | 924 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  | (4.9) | %
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets | 1,327 |  |  | 15.4 | % |  | 1,435 |  |  | 16.2 | % |  | (7.5) | %
Operating expenses | 3,931 |  |  | 45.6 | % |  | 4,002 |  |  | 45.1 | % |  | (1.8) | %

n | R&D | n | SG&A | n | Amortization acquisition-related

The decrease in operating expenses was a result of the following items:
Research and development (R&D) costs primarily consist of engineer salaries and wages (including share based compensation and other variable compensation), engineering related costs (including outside services, fixed-asset, IP and other licenses related costs), shared service center costs and other pre-production related expenses.
•R&D costs for the year-ended December 31, 2020 increased by $82 million, or 5.0%, when compared to last year driven by:
+ higher cost related to Marvell activities, which were acquired in the last month of 2019;
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+ higher restructuring costs;
+ higher share-based compensation expenses;
+ higher pre-production related expenses;
- lower travel expenses;
- lower personnel-related costs, including variable compensation costs; and
- lower cost related to Voice and Audio Solutions (VAS), which was divested on February 3, 2020.
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs primarily consist of personnel salaries and wages (including share based compensation and other variable compensation), communication and IT related costs, fixed-asset related costs and sales and marketing costs (including travel expenses).
•SG&A costs for the year-ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $45 million, or 4.9%, when compared to last year mainly due to:
- lower sales and marketing costs;
- lower travel expenses;
- lower personnel-related costs, including variable compensation costs;
- lower professional services;
+ higher restructuring costs; and
+ higher share-based compensation expenses as a result of the CEO transition.
•Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets decreased by $108 million, or 7.5%, when compared to last year driven by:
- certain intangibles became fully amortized during 2020;
+ an impairment charge relative to IPR&D acquired as part of the acquisition of Freescale; and
+ the start of amortization of intangible assets related to the Marvell acquisition.
Other Income (Expense)
Income and expenses derived from manufacturing service arrangements (“MSA”) and transitional service arrangements (“TSA”) that are put into place when we divest a business or activity, are included in other income (expense). These arrangements are short-term in nature and are expected to decrease as the divested business or activity becomes more established.
The following table presents the split of other income (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:

($ in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Result from MSA and TSA arrangements | — |  |  | — |
Other, net | 114 |  |  | 25 |
Total | 114 |  |  | 25 |

Other income (expense) reflects income of $114 million for 2020, compared to $25 million of income in 2019. Included in 2020 is $110 million relating to the net gain on the sale of the Voice and Audio Solutions (VAS) assets, whereas the 2019 amount included $20 million relating to the sale of assets.
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Financial Income (Expense)

($ in millions) | For the years ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Interest income | 13 |  |  | 57 |
Interest expense | (362) |  |  | (370) |
Total interest expense, net | (349) |  |  | (313) |
Foreign exchange rate results | (16) |  |  | (15) |
Extinguishment of debt | (60) |  |  | (11) |
Miscellaneous financing income (expense) and other, net | 8 |  |  | (11) |
Total other financial income (expense) | (68) |  |  | (37) |
Total | (417) |  |  | (350) |

Financial income (expense) was an expense of $417 million in 2020, compared to an expense of $350 million in 2019. The change in financial income (expense) is primarily attributable to a decrease in interest income of $44 million, as a result of a lower average cash level and lower interest rates and higher debt extinguishment costs in 2020 versus 2019 of $49 million. This was partially offset by results on investments of $24 million.
Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes
We recorded an income tax benefit of $83 million for the year-ended December 31, 2020, which reflects an effective tax rate of (8300.0)% compared to an expense of $20 million (6.9%) for the year-ended December 31, 2019.

| 2020 |  | 2019
| $ |  | % |  | $ |  | %
Statutory income tax in the Netherlands | — |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 25.0 |
Rate differential local statutory rates versus statutory rate of the Netherlands | 22 |  |  | 2,175.0 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 5.5 |
Net change in valuation allowance | 35 |  |  | 3,500.0 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 20.2 |
Non-deductible expenses/losses | 61 |  |  | 6,100.0 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 17.8 |
Netherlands tax incentives | (48) |  |  | (4,800.0) |  |  | (68) |  |  | (23.2) |
Foreign tax incentives | (117) |  |  | (11,700.0) |  |  | (118) |  |  | (40.5) |
Changes in estimates of prior years’ income taxes | (13) |  |  | (1,300.0) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1.2) |
Sale of non-deductible goodwill | 10 |  |  | 1,000.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Withholding taxes | (31) |  |  | (3,100.0) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1.8 |
Other differences | (2) |  |  | (200.0) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1.5 |
Effective tax rate | (83) |  |  | (8,300.0) |  |  | 20 |  |  | 6.9 |

The effective tax rate reflects the impact of tax incentives, a portion of our earnings being taxed in foreign jurisdictions at rates different than the Netherlands statutory tax rate, changes in estimates of prior years' income taxes, change in valuation allowance and non-deductible expenses, sale of non-deductible goodwill and withholding taxes. The impact of these items results in offsetting factors that attribute to the change in the effective tax rate between the two periods, with the significant drivers outlined below:
•The Company benefits from certain tax incentives, which reduce the effective tax rate. The dollar amount of the incentive in any given year is commensurate with the taxable income in that same period. For 2020, the Netherlands tax incentives was lower than 2019 by $20 million, mainly due to the fact that NXP has a lower qualifying income.
•The difference in valuation allowance in 2020 as compared with 2019 is mainly due to the fact that there was less Netherlands related interest expense impacted by the interest limitation rules as a result of higher qualifying income mainly linked to the divestiture of the VAS business and the lower Netherlands tax incentives.
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•The tax effect of the non-deductible goodwill of $10 million is linked to the divestiture of the VAS business in 2020.
•The difference of $36 million in the withholding tax benefit in 2020 as compared with 2019 is mainly due to changes in the applicable deferred tax liability rate regarding future remittances of the earnings of foreign subsidiaries and due to additional undistributed earnings being considered permanently reinvested.
•The change in estimates of prior years’ income taxes was higher in 2020 as compared to 2019, mostly relating to NXP USA ($20 million) primarily due to the early adoption of the U.S. regulations issued in Q3 2020. This was partly offset by other changes in estimates relating to multiple jurisdictions.
On a go-forward basis, cash payments for corporate income taxes that are relative to our on-going operations are expected at a quarterly average of $76 million during 2021. Our future cash payments for income taxes will also be impacted by non-recurring events, resulting in additional payments of $78 million in total, which will be paid in 2021.
Results Relating to Equity-accounted Investees
Results relating to equity-accounted investees amounted to a loss of $4 million in 2020, whereas in 2019, results relating to equity-accounted investees amounted to a gain of $1 million.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests are related to the third-party share in the results of consolidated companies, predominantly SSMC. Their share of non-controlling interests amounted to a profit of $28 million for the year-ended December 31, 2020, compared to a profit of $29 million for the year-ended December 31, 2019.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Thanks to our financial strength, we expect to be able to maintain adequate liquidity as we manage through the current environment impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the years, NXP has created a business that generates significant cash, thanks to its large and diverse revenue stream. We therefore believe we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our cash needs. However, we will continue to monitor, evaluate and take action, as necessary, to preserve adequate liquidity and ensure that our business can continue to operate during these uncertain times. We continue to successfully constrain discretionary spending across the organization, re-prioritizing our capital projects, while simultaneously maintaining critical investments in areas that we believe will assure NXP’s long-term success.
We derive our liquidity and capital resources primarily from our cash flows from operations. We continue to generate strong positive operating cash flows. As of December 31, 2020, our cash balance was $2,275 million, an increase of $1,230 million compared to December 31, 2019 ($1,045 million). Taking into account the available undrawn amount of the Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility (the “RCF Agreement”) of $1,500 million, we had access to $3,775 million of liquidity as of December 31, 2020.
We currently use cash to fund operations, meet working capital requirements, for capital expenditures and for potential common stock repurchases, dividends and strategic investments. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe that our current available sources of funds (including cash and cash equivalents, RCF Agreement, plus anticipated cash generated from operations) will be adequate to finance our operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and potential dividends for at least the next year. Our capital expenditures were $392 million in 2020, compared to $526 million in 2019.
The common stock repurchase activity was as follows:

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | 2019
Shares repurchased | 4,828,913 |  |  | 15,865,718 |
Cost of shares repurchased | 627 |  |  | 1,443 |
Average price per share | $129.70 |  | $90.94

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Under Dutch corporate law and our articles of association, NXP may acquire its own shares if the general meeting of shareholders has granted the board of directors the authority to effect such acquisitions. It is our standard practice to request our annual general meeting of shareholders (the “AGM”) every year to renew this authorization for a period of 18 months from the AGM. For repurchases of shares in 2019 and 2020, the board of directors made use of the authorizations renewed by the AGM on June 22, 2018, June 17, 2019 and May 27, 2020, respectively. In October 2018, the board of directors of NXP approved the repurchase of shares so long as the total number of shares held by NXP in treasury does not exceed 20% (approximately 69 million shares) of the number of shares issued, and in November 2019, the board of directors approved the additional repurchase of shares up to a maximum of $2 billion. During the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2019 NXP repurchased 15.9 million shares, for a total of approximately $1.4 billion, and during the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2020 NXP repurchased 4.8 million shares, for a total of approximately $0.6 billion. Under Dutch tax law, the repurchase of a company’s shares by an entity domiciled in the Netherlands results in a taxable event (unless exemptions apply). The tax on the repurchased shares is attributed to the shareholders, with NXP making the payment on the shareholders’ behalf. As such, the tax on the repurchased shares is accounted for within stockholders’ equity.
Subject to Dutch corporate law and our articles of association, the board of directors of NXP may cancel shares acquired if authorized by the general meeting of shareholders. As with repurchases of our shares, it is our standard practice to request our annual general meeting of shareholders (the “AGM”) every year to renew this authorization for a period of 18 months from the AGM. For cancellations of shares in 2019 and 2020, the board of directors made use of the authorizations renewed on June 17, 2019 and May 27, 2020, respectively.
As approved by the board of directors, on November 27, 2019, NXP cancelled some 13.2 million shares and on December 15, 2020, NXP cancelled 26 million shares. As a result, the number of issued NXP shares as per December 15, 2020 is 289,519,638.
Under our Quarterly Dividend Program, interim dividends of $0.25 per ordinary share were paid on March 15 and June 13, 2019, and dividends of $0.375 per ordinary share were paid on October 4, 2019; January 6, April 6, July 6, October 5, 2020; and January 5, 2021.

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | 2020 |  | 2019
Dividend per share | 1.50 |  |  | 1.25 |
Amount | 420 |  |  | 351 |

Our total debt amounted to $7,609 million as of December 31, 2020, an increase of $244 million compared to December 31, 2019 ($7,365 million). On May 1, 2020, NXP issued $500 million of 2.7% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025, $500 million of 3.15% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027 and $1 billion of 3.4% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2030. On September 28, 2020, $1,350 million of 4.125% Senior Notes due 2021 and $400 million of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2022 were redeemed in full.
At December 31, 2020, our cash balance was $2,275 million, of which $185 million was held by SSMC, our consolidated joint venture company with TSMC. Under the terms of our joint venture agreement with TSMC, a portion of this cash can be distributed by way of a dividend to us, but 38.8% of the dividend will be paid to our joint venture partner. During 2020, $90 million dividend (2019, no dividend) was declared.
From time to time, we engage in discussions with third parties regarding potential acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, technologies and product lines. Any such transaction could require significant use of our cash and cash equivalents, or require us to arrange for new debt and equity financing to fund the transaction. Our ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions. In the future, we may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or we may not have enough capacity under the RCF Agreement, or from other sources in an amount sufficient to enable us to repay our indebtedness, including the RCF Agreement, the unsecured notes or
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to fund our other liquidity needs, including working capital and capital expenditure requirements. In any such case, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets or operations, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. See Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Cash flows
Our cash and cash equivalents in 2020 increased by $1,229 million (excluding the effect of changes in exchange rates on our cash position of $1 million) as follows:

($ in millions) | Year ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 2,482 |  |  | 2,373 |
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities | (418) |  |  | (2,284) |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (835) |  |  | (1,831) |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1,229 |  |  | (1,742) |

•Cash Flow from Operating Activities
For the year-ended December 31, 2020 our operating activities provided $2,482 million in cash. This was primarily the result of net income of $80 million, adjustments to reconcile the net income of $1,959 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $438 million. Adjustments to net income includes offsetting non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization of $1,988 million, share-based compensation of $384 million, amortization of the discount on debt and debt issuance costs of $8 million, a gain on sale of assets of $(115) million, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $60 million, a gain on equity securities of $(21) million, results relating to equity-accounted investees of $4 million and changes in deferred taxes of $(349) million.
The change in operating assets and liabilities (working capital accounts) was attributable to the following:
The $51 million increase in receivables and other current assets was primarily due to the increase in trade accounts receivable, net, which was driven by the increasing linearity in revenue and the related timing of cash collections in the fourth quarter of 2020 compared with the same period in 2019.
The $163 million decrease in inventories was primarily related to existing inventory on hand supplying the increase in revenues at the end of the third quarter 2020 continuing into the fourth quarter 2020, while production levels have been increased to align future inventory on hand with the current demand forecasts.
The $319 million increase in accounts payable and other liabilities was primarily related to increases in trade accounts payable of $47 million, other liabilities of $119 million related to income and social taxes payable, $50 million related to accruals for employee compensation, $41 million related to restructuring, and $5 million in interest payable. An additional increase of $57 million of other movements including the non-cash adjustment for capital expenditures and purchase licenses.
For the year-ended December 31, 2019 our operating activities provided $2,373 million in cash. This was primarily the result of net income of $272 million, adjustments to reconcile the net income of $2,261 million and changes in operating assets and liabilities of $(173) million. Net income includes offsetting non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization of $2,047 million, share-based compensation of $346 million, amortization of the discount on debt and debt issuance costs of $53 million, a gain on sale of assets of $(20) million, a loss on extinguishment of debt of $11 million, results relating to equity-accounted investees of $(1) million and changes in deferred taxes of $(175) million.
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•Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities amounted to $418 million for the year-ended December 31, 2020 and principally consisted of the cash outflows for capital expenditures of $392 million, $130 million for the purchase of identified intangible assets, $34 million purchases of interests in businesses (net of cash acquired),and $30 million purchase of investments, partly offset by proceeds of $161 million from the sale of our Voice and Audio Solution assets (net of cash).
Net cash used for investing activities amounted to $2,284 million for the year-ended December 31, 2019 and principally consisted of the cash outflows for purchases of interests in businesses (net of cash) of $1,698 million, relating to the acquisition of the Wifi assets of Marvell, capital expenditures of $526 million and $102 million for the purchase of identified intangible assets, partly offset by proceeds of $37 million from the sale of businesses (net of cash) and $23 million from the disposal of property, plant and equipment.
•Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities was $835 million for the year-ended December 31, 2020 compared to $1,831 million for the year-ended December 31, 2019. The cash flows related to financing transactions in 2020 and 2019 are primarily related to the financing activities described below under the captions 2020 Financing Activities and 2019 Financing Activities.
In addition to the financing activities described below, net cash used for financing activities by year included:

($ in millions) | Year ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests | (35) |  |  | — |
Dividends paid to common stockholders | (420) |  |  | (319) |
Cash proceeds from exercise of stock options | 72 |  |  | 84 |
Purchase of treasury shares | (627) |  |  | (1,443) |
Cash paid on behalf of shareholders for tax on repurchased shares | — |  |  | (128) |
Other, net | (1) |  |  | — |

2020 Financing Activities
2025, 2027 and 2030 Senior Unsecured Notes
On May 1, 2020, NXP B.V., together with NXP USA Inc. and NXP Funding LLC, issued $500 million of 2.7% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025, $500 million of 3.15% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027 and $1 billion of 3.4% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2030. NXP used the net proceeds of the offering of these notes to repay in full on September 28, 2020, the $1,350 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding 4.125% Senior Notes due 2021 and the $400 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding 4.625% Senior Notes due 2022.
2019 Financing Activities
2024 Revolving Credit Facility
On June 11, 2019, NXP B.V. together with NXP Funding LLC, entered into a $1.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility agreement maturing June 11, 2024, replacing the $600 million secured revolving credit facility, entered into on December 7, 2015.
2020 Senior Notes
On June 11, 2019, NXP B.V. together with NXP Funding LLC, commenced a cash tender offer for any and all of their $600 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of the 4.125% Senior Notes due 2020 (“4.125% 2020 Notes”). An amount of $553 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.125% 2020 Notes were
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tendered in this offer and retired on June 18, 2019. The remaining $47 million were redeemed under the terms of the indenture governing these notes on July 3, 2019.
2026 and 2029 Senior Unsecured Notes
On June 18, 2019, NXP B.V., together with NXP USA Inc. and NXP Funding LLC, issued $750 million of 3.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026 and $1 billion of 4.3% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029. NXP used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering of these notes to repay in full, the 2020 Senior Notes, as described above. The remaining proceeds were used to refinance the $1,150 million aggregate principal amount of Cash Convertible Notes due 2019 issued by NXP Semiconductors N.V. on December 1, 2014 upon the maturity of these notes on December 1, 2019.
2019 Cash Convertible Senior Notes
On December 2, 2019, NXP repaid the Cash Convertible Notes upon their maturity through a combination of available cash and payments made by the counterparties under privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (the “Cash Convertible Notes Hedges”), as further described in Note 14 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in this report.
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Debt Position
Short-term Debt
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there was no short-term debt outstanding.
Long-term Debt
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had outstanding debt of:

($ in millions) | December 31, 2019 |  | Accrual/release Original Issuance/Debt Discount and Debt Issuance Cost |  | Debt Exchanges/ Repurchase/ New Borrowings |  | December 31, 2020
U.S. dollar-denominated 4.125% senior unsecured notes due June 2021 (1) | 1,350 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,350) |  |  | — |
U.S. dollar-denominated 4.625% senior unsecured notes due June 2022 (2) | 398 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (400) |  |  | — |
U.S. dollar-denominated 3.875% senior unsecured notes due September 2022 (3) | 997 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 998 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 4.625% senior unsecured notes due June 2023 (4) | 896 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 897 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 4.875% senior unsecured notes due March 2024 (5) | 994 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 996 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 2.7% senior unsecured notes due May 2025 (6) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 497 |  |  | 497 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 5.35% senior unsecured notes due March 2026 (5) | 497 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 498 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 3.875% senior unsecured notes due June 2026 (7) | 746 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 746 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 3.15% senior unsecured notes due May 2027 (6) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 497 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 5.55% senior unsecured notes due December 2028 (5) | 496 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 496 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 4.3% senior unsecured notes due June 2029 (7) | 991 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 992 |
U.S. dollar-denominated 3.4% senior unsecured notes due May 2030 (6) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 992 |  |  | 992 |
| 7,365 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 7,609 |
RCF Agreement (8) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total long-term debt | 7,365 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 7,609 |

(1) On May 23, 2016, and August 1, 2016, we issued $850 million and $500 million, respectively, aggregate principal amount of 4.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2021. On September 28, 2020, the Notes were redeemed in full.
(2) On June 9, 2015, we issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022. On September 28, 2020, the Notes were redeemed in full.
(3) On August 11, 2016, we issued $1,000 million aggregate principal amount of 3.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022.
(4) On May 23, 2016, we issued $900 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023.
(5) On December 6, 2018, we issued $1,000 million aggregate principal amount of 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2024, $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.35% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026 and $500 million aggregate principal amount of 5.55% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2028.
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(6) On May 1, 2020, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 2.7% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025, $500 million aggregate principal amount of 3.15% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027 and $1 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.4% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2030.
(7) On June 18, 2019, we issued $750 million of 3.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026 and $1 billion of 4.3% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029.
(8) On June 11, 2019, we entered into a $1.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility agreement, replacing the $600 million secured revolving credit facility, entered into on December 7, 2015.
We may from time to time continue to seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. See the discussion in Part II, Item 7. Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources above.
2019 Cash Convertible Senior Notes
We repaid the Cash Convertible Notes upon their maturity on December 1, 2019 through a combination of available cash and payments made by the counterparties under privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (the “Cash Convertible Notes Hedges”), as further described in Note 14 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in this report.
For a detailed description of the Warrants underlying the Cash Convertible Notes Hedge, refer to Note 14 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2020, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
Presented below is a summary of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020.

($ in millions) | Total |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 and thereafter
Principal payments on debt | 7,650 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 4,250 |
Interest payments on debt | 1,674 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 414 |
Finance lease obligations | 31 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 16 |
Operating lease obligations | 256 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 47 |
Long-term purchase obligations | 372 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 31 |
Technology license obligations | 132 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total contractual cash obligations (1), (2) | 10,115 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 1,493 |  |  | 1,224 |  |  | 1,254 |  |  | 719 |  |  | 4,758 |

(1) As of December 31, 2020, we had reserves of $175 million recorded for uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties. We are not including this amount in the long-term contractual obligations table presented because of the difficulty in making reasonably reliable estimates of the timing of cash settlements, if any, with the respective taxing authorities.
(2) Certain of these obligations are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, and have been translated from foreign currencies into U.S. dollars based on a period ending rate of $1.2280 per €1.00, in effect at December 31, 2020. As a result, the actual payments will vary based on any change in exchange rate.
In addition to the above obligations, we enter into a variety of agreements in the normal course of business, containing provisions that certain penalties may be charged if we do not fulfill our commitments. It is not possible to predict with certainty the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar provisions due to the conditional nature of our obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular case. Historically, payments pursuant to such provisions have not been material and we believe that any future payments required pursuant to such provisions would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. However, such payments may be material to our Consolidated Statement of Operations for a specific period.
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We sponsor pension plans in many countries in accordance with legal requirements, customs and the local situation in the countries involved. These are defined-benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans and multi-employer plans. Contributions to funded pension plans are made as necessary, to provide sufficient assets to meet future benefits payable to plan participants. These contributions are determined by various factors, including funded status, legal and tax considerations and local customs. The expected cash outflows in 2021 and subsequent years are uncertain and may change as a consequence of statutory funding requirements as well as changes in actual versus currently assumed discount rates, estimations of compensation increases and returns on pension plan assets.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. Our management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience, current economic and industry conditions and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The methods, estimates, and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results that we report in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Some of our accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates regarding matters that are inherently uncertain. Our most critical accounting estimates include:
•the valuation of inventory, which impacts gross margin;
•the assessment of recoverability of goodwill, identified intangible assets and tangible fixed assets, which impacts gross margin or operating expenses when we record asset impairments or accelerate their depreciation or amortization;
•revenue recognition, which impacts our results of operations;
•the recognition of current and deferred income taxes (including the measurement of uncertain tax positions), which impacts our provision for income taxes;
•the assumptions used in the determination of postretirement benefit obligations, which impacts operating expenses;
•the assumptions used in the determination of share based compensation, which impacts gross margin and operating expenses; and
•the recognition and measurement of loss contingencies, which impacts gross margin or operating expenses when we recognize a loss contingency or revise the estimates for a loss contingency.
In the following section, we discuss these policies further, as well as the estimates and judgments involved.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We regularly review our inventories and write down our inventories for estimated losses due to obsolescence. This allowance is determined for groups of products based on sales of our products in the recent past and/or expected future demand. Future demand is affected by market conditions, technological obsolescence, new products and strategic plans, each of which is subject to change with little or no forewarning. In estimating obsolescence, we utilize information that includes projecting future demand.
The need for strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive delivery performance to our customers are balanced against the risk of inventory obsolescence due to rapidly changing technology and customer requirements.
The change in our reserves for inventories was primarily due to the normal review and accrual of obsolete or excess inventory. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by our management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.
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Goodwill
Goodwill is required to be assessed for impairment at least once annually, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, which includes evaluating qualitative and quantitative factors to assess the likelihood of an impairment of a reporting unit’s goodwill. Such events or changes in circumstances can be significant changes in business climate, operating performance or competition, or upon the disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred between annual test dates. We perform impairment tests using a fair value approach when necessary. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, discount rates based on weighted average cost of capital and future economic and market conditions. We base our fair-value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable. Actual cash flow amounts for future periods may differ from estimates used in impairment testing.
We perform our annual impairment test for goodwill in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. We did not recognize any impairment charges for goodwill in the years presented, as our annual impairment testing indicated that the fair value exceeded the recorded value for the respective reporting unit.
Impairment or disposal of identified long-lived assets
We perform reviews of long-lived assets including property, plant and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization, whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than what we had originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If such facts and circumstances exist, we assess the recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. In the event such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded value of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values based on the expected discounted future cash flows attributable to the assets or based on appraisals. Impairment losses, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amounts or their estimated fair values less costs to sell and are not depreciated.
The assumptions and estimates used to determine future values and remaining useful lives of our intangible and other long-lived assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by various factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our forecasts for specific product lines. In 2020, we recognized impairment charges of $36 million, relative to IPR&D that was acquired from Freescale. In 2019 and 2018, we had no impairments.
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to customers in an amount reflecting the consideration the Company expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.
The vast majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from the sale of semiconductor products to distributors, Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”) and similar customers. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. Variable consideration is estimated and includes the impact of discounts, price protection, product returns and distributor incentive programs. The estimate of variable consideration is dependent on a variety of factors, including contractual terms, analysis of historical data, current economic conditions, industry demand and both the current and forecasted pricing environments. The estimate of variable consideration is not constrained because the Company has extensive experience with these contracts.
Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment. In determining whether
52

control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, and whether risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer.
For sales to distributors, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the distributor. For some distributors, contractual arrangements are in place which allow these distributors to return products if certain conditions are met. These conditions generally relate to the time period during which a return is allowed and reflect customary conditions in the particular geographic market. Other return conditions relate to circumstances arising at the end of a product life cycle, when certain distributors are permitted to return products purchased during a pre-defined period after the Company has announced a product’s pending discontinuance. These return rights are a form of variable consideration and are estimated using the most likely method based on historical return rates in order to reduce revenues recognized. However, long notice periods associated with these announcements prevent significant amounts of product from being returned. For sales where return rights exist, the Company has determined, based on historical data, that only a very small percentage of the sales of this type to distributors is actually returned. Repurchase agreements with OEMs or distributors are not entered into by the Company.
Sales to most distributors are made under programs common in the semiconductor industry whereby distributors receive certain price adjustments to meet individual competitive opportunities. These programs may include credits granted to distributors, or allow distributors to return or scrap a limited amount of product in accordance with contractual terms agreed upon with the distributor, or receive price protection credits when our standard published prices are lowered from the price the distributor paid for product still in its inventory. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers the price adjustments from these programs to be variable consideration that reduce the amount of revenue recognized. The Company’s policy is to estimate such price adjustments using the most likely method based on rolling historical experience rates, as well as a prospective view of products and pricing in the distribution channel for distributors who participate in our volume rebate incentive program. We continually monitor the actual claimed allowances against our estimates, and we adjust our estimates as appropriate to reflect trends in pricing environments and inventory levels. The estimates are also adjusted when recent historical data does not represent anticipated future activity. Historically, actual price adjustments for these programs relative to those estimated have not materially differed.
Income taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities is based upon the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax liabilities for withholding taxes on dividends from subsidiaries are recognized in situations where the company does not consider the earnings indefinitely reinvested and to the extent that these withholding taxes are not expected to be refundable.
Deferred tax assets, including assets arising from loss carryforwards, are recognized, net of a valuation allowance, if based upon the available evidence it is more likely than not that the asset will be realized.
The income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. The income tax benefit recognized is measured based on the largest benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon resolution of the uncertainty. Unrecognized tax benefits are presented as a reduction to the deferred tax asset for related net operating loss carryforwards, unless these would not be available, in which case the uncertain tax benefits are presented together with the related interest and penalties as a liability, under accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities based on the timing of the expected payment. Penalties are recorded as income tax expense, whereas interest is reported as financial expense in the statement of operations.
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Postretirement benefits
The Company’s employees participate in pension and other postretirement benefit plans in many countries. The costs of pension and other postretirement benefits and related assets and liabilities with respect to the Company’s employees participating in defined-benefit plans are based upon actuarial valuations.
The projected defined-benefit obligation is calculated annually by qualified actuaries using the projected unit credit method. For the Company’s major plans, the discount rate is derived from market yields on high quality corporate bonds. Plans in countries without a deep corporate bond market use a discount rate based on the local government bond rates.
In calculating obligation and expense, the Company is required to select actuarial assumptions. These assumptions include discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and rates of increase in compensation costs determined based on current market conditions, historical information and consultation with and input from our actuaries. Changes in the key assumptions can have a significant impact to the projected benefit obligations, funding requirements and periodic pension cost incurred.
The Company determines the fair value of plan assets based on quoted prices or comparable prices for non-quoted assets. For a defined-benefit pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation; for any other postretirement defined benefit plan it is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation.
Share-based compensation
We recognize compensation expense for all share-based awards based on the grant-date estimated fair values, net of an estimated forfeiture rate. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value for certain awards. Share-based compensation cost for restricted share units (“RSUs”) with time-based vesting is measured based on the closing fair market value of our common stock on the date of the grant, reduced by the present value of the estimated expected future dividends, and then multiplied by the number of RSUs granted. Share-based compensation cost for performance-based share units (“PSUs”) granted with performance or market conditions is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant.
Our valuation models and generally accepted valuation techniques require us to make assumptions and to apply judgment to determine the fair value of our awards. These assumptions and judgments include estimating the volatility of our stock price, expected dividend yield, employee turnover rates and employee stock option exercise behaviors. When establishing the expected life assumption, we used the ‘simplified’ method prescribed in ASC Topic 718 for companies that do not have adequate historical data. The risk-free interest rate is measured as the prevailing yield for a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity similar to the expected life assumption. We also estimate a forfeiture rate at the time of grant and revise this rate in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures or vesting differ from the original estimates.
We evaluate the assumptions used to value our awards on a quarterly basis. If factors change and we employ different assumptions, share-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past. If there are any modifications or cancellation of the underlying unvested securities, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned share-based compensation expense.
Litigation and claims
We are regularly involved as plaintiffs or defendants in claims and litigation related to our past and current business operations. The claims can cover a broad range of topics, including intellectual property, reflecting the Company’s identity as a global manufacturing and technology business. The Company vigorously defends itself against improper claims, including those asserted in litigation. Due to the unpredictable nature of litigation, there can be no assurance that the Company’s accruals will be sufficient to cover the extent of its potential exposure to losses but, historically, legal actions have not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition.
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The estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based on currently available information in relation to the claims that have arisen and on the Company’s best estimate of such losses for those cases for which such estimate can be made. For certain claims, the Company believes that an estimate cannot currently be made. The estimated aggregate range requires significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many of them are currently in preliminary stages), the existence of multiple defendants (including the Company) in such claims whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the claims, and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such claims. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more than the current estimate.
Use of Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to disclosing financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP, this document contains references to net debt. Net debt is a non-GAAP financial measure and represents total debt (short-term and long-term) after deduction of cash and cash equivalents. We believe this measure provides investors with useful supplemental information about the financial performance of our business, enables comparison of financial results between periods where certain items may vary independent of business performance, and allows for greater transparency with respect to calculating our net leverage.
We understand that, although net debt is used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluation of companies, this concept has limitations as an analytical tool and it should not be used as an alternative to any other measure in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates because we finance certain operations through fixed and variable rate debt instruments and denominate our transactions in a variety of foreign currencies. Changes in these rates may have an impact on future cash flow and earnings. We manage these risks through normal operating and financing activities and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
By using derivative instruments, we are subject to credit and market risk. The fair market value of the derivative instruments is determined by using valuation models whose inputs are derived using market observable inputs, including interest rate yield curves, as well as foreign exchange and commodity spot and forward rates, and reflects the asset or liability position as of the end of each reporting period. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, thus creating a receivable risk for us. We are exposed to counterparty credit risk in the event of non-performance by counterparties to our derivative agreements. We minimize counterparty credit (or repayment) risk by entering into transactions with major financial institutions of investment grade credit rating. Our exposure to market risk is not hedged in a manner that completely eliminates the effects of changing market conditions on earnings or cash flow.
Interest Rate Risk
Our RCF Agreement has a $1,500 million borrowing capacity with a floating rate interest. As there are currently no borrowings under this facility, a hypothetical increase in LIBOR based interest rates would not have caused any change to our interest expense on our floating rate debt.
Additional information regarding our notes is provided in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 14 - Debt, of our notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. of this Annual Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Foreign Currency Risks
We are also exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which could affect operating results as well as our financial position and cash flows. We monitor our exposures to these market risks and generally employ operating and financing activities to offset these exposures where appropriate. If we do not have operating or financing activities to sufficiently offset these exposures, from time to time, we may employ derivative financial instruments such as swaps, collars, forwards, options or other instruments to limit the
55

volatility to earnings and cash flows generated by these exposures. Derivative financial instruments are only used for hedging purposes and not for trading or speculative purposes. Counterparties to our derivatives contracts are all major banking institutions. In the event of financial insolvency or distress of a counterparty to our derivative financial instruments, we may be unable to settle transactions if the counterparty does not provide us with sufficient collateral to secure its net settlement obligation to us, which could have a negative impact on our results. The Company measures all derivative financial instruments based on fair values derived from market prices of the instruments or from option pricing models, as appropriate and record these as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet. Changes in the fair values are recognized in the statement of operations immediately unless cash flow hedge accounting is applied. A summary of our foreign currency accounting policies is provided in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies, of our notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. of this Annual Report is incorporated herein by reference.
At December 31, 2020 our net asset related to foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedges of foreign currency risk on certain operating expenditure transactions was $18 million. If our forecasted operating expenditures for currencies in which we hedge were to decline by 20% and foreign exchange rates were to change unfavorably by 20% in our hedged foreign currency, we would incur a negligible loss.
Financial assets and liabilities held by consolidated subsidiaries that are not denominated in the functional currency of those entities are subject to the effects of currency fluctuations and may affect reported earnings. As a global company, we face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. We may hedge currency exposures associated with certain assets and liabilities denominated in nonfunctional currencies and certain anticipated nonfunctional currency transactions. As a result, we could experience unanticipated gains or losses on anticipated foreign currency cash flows, as well as economic loss with respect to the recoverability of investments.
Our primary foreign currency exposure relates to the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate. However, our foreign currency exposures also relate, but are not limited, to the Chinese Yuan, the Japanese Yen, the Pound Sterling, the Malaysian Ringgit, the Singapore Dollar, the Taiwan Dollar and the Thailand Baht.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
List of Financial Statements

Report of independent registered public accounting firm | 58
Consolidated Statements of Operations | 62
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 63
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 64
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 65
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity | 67
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 68
Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited) | 109

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of NXP Semiconductors N.V. (the Company) as of December 31, 2020, the related consolidated statement of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission “(2013 framework)”, and our report dated February 25, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
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Uncertain tax positions
Description of the Matter |  | As discussed in Note 7, at December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $161 million of unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions. Uncertainty in a tax position may arise as tax laws are subject to interpretation. The Company uses significant judgment in (1) determining whether a tax position’s technical merits are more-likely-than-not to be sustained and (2) measuring the amount of tax benefit that qualifies for recognition.
|  | As part of our initial audit, auditing the recognition and measurement of tax positions related to uncertain tax positions involved significant auditor judgment and use of tax professionals with specialized skills and knowledge because both the recognition and measurement of the tax positions are complex, highly judgmental and based on interpretations of tax laws and legal rulings.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit |  | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s process to record the reserve for uncertain tax positions. For example, we tested controls over management’s evaluation of the technical merits of tax positions and identification of uncertain tax positions and the controls to measure the benefit of those tax positions, including management’s review of the inputs and calculations of unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions.
|  | To test the amounts recorded as uncertain tax positions we involved our tax professionals with specialized skills and knowledge to evaluate the technical merits of the Company’s tax positions. Our procedures included, among others, inspecting correspondence, assessments and settlements from the relevant tax authorities and evaluating income tax opinions or other third-party advice obtained by the Company. We also applied our knowledge and experience with the application of federal, foreign and state income tax laws to evaluate the Company’s accounting for those tax positions. We analyzed the Company’s assumptions and data used to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize and tested the accuracy of the calculations. We also evaluated the Company’s income tax disclosures included in Note 7 in relation to these matters.

/s/ Ernst & Young Accountants LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.
Eindhoven, the Netherlands
February 25, 2021
59

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited NXP Semiconductors N.V.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, NXP Semiconductors N.V. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related notes and our report dated February 25, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young Accountants LLP
Eindhoven, the Netherlands
February 25, 2021
60

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of NXP Semiconductors N.V. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity for each of the years in the two‑year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two‑year period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ KPMG Accountants N.V.
We served as the Company’s auditor from 2009 to 2019.
Amstelveen, the Netherlands
February 27, 2020
61

NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Consolidated Statements of Operations

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | For the years ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | 9,407 |
Cost of revenue | (4,377) |  |  | (4,259) |  |  | (4,556) |
Gross profit | 4,235 |  |  | 4,618 |  |  | 4,851 |
Research and development | (1,725) |  |  | (1,643) |  |  | (1,700) |
Selling, general and administrative | (879) |  |  | (924) |  |  | (993) |
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets | (1,327) |  |  | (1,435) |  |  | (1,449) |
Total operating expenses | (3,931) |  |  | (4,002) |  |  | (4,142) |
Other income (expense) | 114 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,001 |
Operating income (loss) | 418 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 2,710 |
Financial income (expense): |  |  |  |  |
Extinguishment of debt | (60) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (26) |
Other financial income (expense) | (357) |  |  | (339) |  |  | (309) |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 1 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 2,375 |
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | 83 |  |  | (20) |  |  | (176) |
Results relating to equity-accounted investees | (4) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 59 |
Net income (loss) | 80 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 2,258 |
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 28 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 50 |
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders | 52 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 2,208 |
Earnings per share data: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) per common share attributable to stockholders in $: |  |  |  |  |
– Basic | 0.19 |  |  | 0.86 |  |  | 6.78 |
– Diluted | 0.18 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | 6.72 |
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |
– Basic | 279,763 |  |  | 282,056 |  |  | 325,781 |
– Diluted | 283,809 |  |  | 285,911 |  |  | 328,606 |

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | For the years ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) | 80 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 2,258 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value cash flow hedges * | 9 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (11) |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment * | 78 |  |  | (15) |  |  | (51) |
Change in net actuarial gain (loss) | (45) |  |  | (38) |  |  | 5 |
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) available-for-sale securities * | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 42 |  |  | (48) |  |  | (54) |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | 122 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 2,204 |
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 28 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 50 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to stockholders | 94 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 2,154 |

* Reclassification adjustments included in Cost of revenue, Selling, general and administrative, Research and development and Results relating to equity-accounted investees in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
63

NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Consolidated Balance Sheets

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | As of December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 2,275 |  |  | 1,045 |
Accounts receivables, net | 765 |  |  | 667 |
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | 50 |
Inventories, net | 1,030 |  |  | 1,192 |
Other current assets | 254 |  |  | 313 |
Total current assets | 4,324 |  |  | 3,267 |
Non-current assets: |  |  |
Other non-current assets | 1,013 |  |  | 732 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,284 |  |  | 2,448 |
Identified intangible assets, net | 2,242 |  |  | 3,620 |
Goodwill | 9,984 |  |  | 9,949 |
Total non-current assets | 15,523 |  |  | 16,749 |
Total assets | 19,847 |  |  | 20,016 |
Liabilities and equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | 991 |  |  | 944 |
Restructuring liabilities - current | 60 |  |  | 32 |
Accrued liabilities | 966 |  |  | 815 |
Total current liabilities | 2,017 |  |  | 1,791 |
Non-current liabilities: |  |  |
Long-term debt | 7,609 |  |  | 7,365 |
Restructuring liabilities | 14 |  |  | — |
Deferred tax liabilities | 85 |  |  | 282 |
Other non-current liabilities | 971 |  |  | 923 |
Total non-current liabilities | 8,679 |  |  | 8,570 |
Equity: |  |  |
Non-controlling interests | 207 |  |  | 214 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, par value €0.20 per share: |  |  |
Authorized: 645,754,500 (2019: 645,754,500 shares) |  |  |
Issued: none |  |  |
Common stock, par value €0.20 per share: |  |  |
Authorized: 430,503,000 shares (2019: 430,503,000 shares) |  |  |
Issued and fully paid: 289,519,638 shares (2019: 315,519,638 shares) | 59 |  |  | 64 |
Capital in excess of par value | 14,133 |  |  | 15,184 |
Treasury shares, at cost: 9,044,952 shares (2019: 34,082,242 shares) | (1,037) |  |  | (3,037) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 117 |  |  | 75 |
Accumulated deficit | (4,328) |  |  | (2,845) |
Total Stockholders’ equity | 8,944 |  |  | 9,441 |
Total equity | 9,151 |  |  | 9,655 |
Total liabilities and equity | 19,847 |  |  | 20,016 |

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
64

NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) | For the years ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | 80 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 2,258 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,988 |  |  | 2,047 |  |  | 1,987 |
Share-based compensation | 384 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 314 |
Amortization of discount (premium) on debt, net | (1) |  |  | 42 |  |  | 42 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 9 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10 |
Net (gain) loss on sale of assets | (115) |  |  | (20) |  |  | — |
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt | 60 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 26 |
Results relating to equity-accounted investees | 4 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (54) |
(Gain) loss on equity securities, net | (21) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred tax expense (benefit) | (349) |  |  | (175) |  |  | (211) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in receivables and other current assets | (51) |  |  | 116 |  |  | 187 |
(Increase) decrease in inventories | 163 |  |  | 128 |  |  | (65) |
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 319 |  |  | (460) |  |  | (129) |
Decrease (increase) in other non-current assets | 7 |  |  | 43 |  |  | (22) |
Exchange differences | 16 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 14 |
Other items | (11) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 12 |
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 2,482 |  |  | 2,373 |  |  | 4,369 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of identified intangible assets | (130) |  |  | (102) |  |  | (50) |
Capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment | (392) |  |  | (526) |  |  | (611) |
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment | 4 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 1 |
Purchase of interests in businesses, net of cash acquired | (34) |  |  | (1,698) |  |  | (18) |
Proceeds from sale of interests in businesses, net of cash divested | 161 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 159 |
Purchase of investments | (30) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (9) |
Proceeds from the sale of investments | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Proceeds from return of equity investments | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (418) |  |  | (2,284) |  |  | (522) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Payment of cash convertible note | — |  |  | (1,150) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from settlement of cash convertible note hedge | — |  |  | 144 |  |  | — |
Payment of bond hedge derivatives - convertible option | — |  |  | (145) |  |  | — |
Repayment of Bridge Loan | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,000) |
Proceeds from Bridge Loan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Repurchase of long-term debt | (1,809) |  |  | (600) |  |  | (1,273) |
Principal payments on long-term debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt | 2,000 |  |  | 1,750 |  |  | 1,997 |
Cash paid for debt issuance costs | (15) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (23) |
Cash paid for terminated acquisition adjustment event | — |  |  | — |  |  | (60) |
Dividends paid to non-controlling interests | (35) |  |  | — |  |  | (54) |
Dividends paid to common stockholders | (420) |  |  | (319) |  |  | (74) |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock through stock plans | 72 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 39 |

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NXP Semiconductors N.V. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
Purchase of treasury shares and restricted stock unit withholdings | (627) |  |  | (1,443) |  |  | (5,006) |
Cash paid on behalf of shareholders for tax on repurchased shares | — |  |  | (128) |  |  | (142) |
Other, net | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (835) |  |  | (1,831) |  |  | (4,597) |
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash positions | 1 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (8) |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1,230 |  |  | (1,744) |  |  | (758) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 1,045 |  |  | 2,789 |  |  | 3,547 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 2,275 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 2,789 |
Supplemental disclosures to the consolidated cash flows |  |  |  |  |
Net cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest | 336 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 177 |
Income taxes, net of refunds | 148 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 188 |
Net gain (loss) on sale of assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash proceeds from the sale of assets | 165 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |
Book value of these assets | (50) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
Non-cash investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Non-cash capital expenditures | 119 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 137 |
Non-cash adjustment related to the adoption of ASC 606: |  |  |  |  |
Receivables | — |  |  | — |  |  | (36) |
Inventories | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
66

NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

($ in millions, unless otherwise stated) |  | Outstan-ding number of shares (in thousands) |  | Common stock |  | Capital in excess of par value |  | Treasury shares at cost |  | Accumul-ated other compre-hensive income (loss) |  | Accumu-lated deficit |  | Total stockhol-ders’ equity |  | Non- controll-ing interests |  | Total equity
Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | 342,924 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 15,960 |  |  | (342) |  |  | 177 |  |  | (2,339) |  |  | 13,527 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 13,716 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,208 |  |  | 2,208 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 2,258 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (57) |  |  |  |  | (57) |  |  |  |  | (57) |
Share-based compensation plans |  |  |  |  |  | 311 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 311 |  |  |  |  | 311 |
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards |  | 4,242 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 457 |  |  |  |  | (418) |  |  | 39 |  |  |  |  | 39 |
Treasury shares repurchased and retired |  | (54,376) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (811) |  |  | (3,353) |  |  |  |  | (838) |  |  | (5,006) |  |  |  |  | (5,006) |
Shareholder tax on repurchased shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (381) |  |  | (381) |  |  |  |  | (381) |
Dividends non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (54) |  |  | (54) |
Dividends common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (147) |  |  | (147) |  |  |  |  | (147) |
Cumulative effect adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  | 11 |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | 292,790 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 15,460 |  |  | (3,238) |  |  | 123 |  |  | (1,907) |  |  | 10,505 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 10,690 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 243 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 272 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (48) |  |  |  |  | (48) |  |  |  |  | (48) |
Share-based compensation plans |  |  |  |  |  | 356 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 356 |  |  |  |  | 356 |
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards |  | 4,513 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 422 |  |  |  |  | (338) |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  | 84 |
Treasury shares repurchased and retired |  | (15,866) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (632) |  |  | (221) |  |  |  |  | (587) |  |  | (1,443) |  |  |  |  | (1,443) |
Shareholder tax on repurchased shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 95 |  |  | 95 |  |  |  |  | 95 |
Dividends common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (351) |  |  | (351) |  |  |  |  | (351) |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  | 281,437 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 15,184 |  |  | (3,037) |  |  | 75 |  |  | (2,845) |  |  | 9,441 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 9,655 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 80 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  | 42 |
Share-based compensation plans |  |  |  |  |  | 384 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 384 |  |  |  |  | 384 |
Shares issued pursuant to stock awards |  | 3,867 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 364 |  |  |  |  | (292) |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  | 72 |
Treasury shares repurchased and retired |  | (4,829) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (1,267) |  |  | 1,636 |  |  |  |  | (991) |  |  | (627) |  |  |  |  | (627) |
Expiration of stock purchase warrants |  |  |  |  |  | (168) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 168 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Dividends non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | (35) |
Dividends common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (420) |  |  | (420) |  |  |  |  | (420) |
December 31, 2020 |  | 280,475 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 14,133 |  |  | (1,037) |  |  | 117 |  |  | (4,328) |  |  | 8,944 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 9,151 |

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
All amounts in millions of $ unless otherwise stated
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Overview
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Net income (loss) includes the portion of the earnings of subsidiaries applicable to non-controlling interests. The income (loss) and equity attributable to non-controlling interests are disclosed separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under non-controlling interests. We have reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to current period presentation.
Segment reporting
Prior to January 1, 2019, HPMS was our sole reportable segment. Corporate and Other represented the remaining portion to reconcile to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Effective January 1, 2019, NXP removed the reference to HPMS in its organizational structure in acknowledgment of the one reportable segment representing the entity as a whole and reflects the way in which our chief operating decision maker executes operating decisions, allocates resources, and manages the growth and profitability of the Company.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to customers in an amount reflecting the consideration the Company expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.
The vast majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from the sale of semiconductor products to distributors, Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”) and similar customers. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. Variable consideration is estimated and includes the impact of discounts, price protection, product returns and distributor incentive programs. The estimate of variable consideration is dependent on a variety of factors, including contractual terms, analysis of historical data, current economic conditions, industry demand and both the current and forecasted pricing environments. The process of evaluating these factors is highly subjective and requires significant estimates, including, but not limited to, forecasted demand, returns, pricing assumptions and inventory levels. The estimate of variable consideration is not constrained because the Company has extensive experience with these contracts.
Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment. In determining whether control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, and whether risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer.
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The Company applies the practical expedient to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed. The Company applies the practical expedient to expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less.
For sales to distributors, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the distributor. For some distributors, contractual arrangements are in place which allow these distributors to return products if certain conditions are met. These conditions generally relate to the time period during which a return is allowed and reflect customary conditions in the particular geographic market. Other return conditions relate to circumstances arising at the end of a product life cycle, when certain distributors are permitted to return products purchased during a pre-defined period after the Company has announced a product’s pending discontinuance. These return rights are a form of variable consideration and are estimated using the most likely method based on historical return rates in order to reduce revenues recognized. However, long notice periods associated with these announcements prevent significant amounts of product from being returned. For sales where return rights exist, the Company has determined, based on historical data, that only a very small percentage of the sales of this type to distributors is actually returned. Repurchase agreements with OEMs or distributors are not entered into by the Company.
Sales to most distributors are made under programs common in the semiconductor industry whereby distributors receive certain price adjustments to meet individual competitive opportunities. These programs may include credits granted to distributors, or allow distributors to return or scrap a limited amount of product in accordance with contractual terms agreed upon with the distributor, or receive price protection credits when our standard published prices are lowered from the price the distributor paid for product still in its inventory. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers the price adjustments from these programs to be variable consideration that reduce the amount of revenue recognized. The Company’s policy is to estimate such price adjustments using the most likely method based on rolling historical experience rates, as well as a prospective view of products and pricing in the distribution channel for distributors who participate in our volume rebate incentive program. We continually monitor the actual claimed allowances against our estimates, and we adjust our estimates as appropriate to reflect trends in pricing environments and inventory levels. The estimates are also adjusted when recent historical data does not represent anticipated future activity. Historically, actual price adjustments for these programs relative to those estimated have not materially differed.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and short-term highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at acquisition that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at face value which approximates fair value.
Receivables
Receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowances for credit loss and net of rebates and other contingent discounts granted to distributors. When circumstances indicate a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligation to us is impaired, we record an allowance against amounts due and value the receivable at the amount reasonably expected to be collected. For all other customers, we evaluate our trade accounts receivable risk of credit loss based on numerous factors including historical loss rates, credit-risk concentration, and specific circumstances such as serious adverse economic conditions in a specific country or region.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. An allowance is made for the estimated losses due to obsolescence. This allowance is determined for groups of products based on purchases in the recent past and/or expected future demand and market conditions. Abnormal amounts of idle facility expense and waste are not capitalized in inventory. The allocation of fixed production overheads to the inventory cost is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.
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Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the expected economic life of the asset. Depreciation of special tooling is also based on the straight-line method unless a depreciation method other than the straight-line method better represents the consumption pattern. Gains and losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment are included in other income and expense. Plant and equipment under finance leases are initially recorded at the lower of the fair value of the leased property or the present value of minimum lease payments. These assets and leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 is intended to improve financial reporting of leasing transactions by requiring organizations that lease assets to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases that extend more than twelve months from the balance sheet date. This accounting update also requires additional disclosures surrounding the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for financial statements issued for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 for public business entities and we have adopted the standard.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), followed in July 2018 by ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 Leases, and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. Under the new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. As a result of this adoption and the required disclosures, the Company revised its accounting policy for leases as stated below.
The new standard became effective for us on January 1, 2019. Under the standard, disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. See also Note 15, Leases.
We elected to adopt the package of practical expedients to not reassess prior conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs, along with the practical expedient to use hindsight when determining the lease term.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the arrangement. Once it is determined that an arrangement is, or contains, a lease, that determination should only be reassessed if the legal arrangement is modified. Changes to assumptions such as market-based factors do not trigger a reassessment. Determining whether a contract contains a lease requires judgement. In general, arrangements are considered to be a lease when all of the following apply:
–It conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration;
–We have substantially all economic benefits from the use of the asset; and
–We can direct the use of the identified asset
The terms of a lease arrangement determine how a lease is classified and the resulting income statement recognition. When the terms of a lease effectively transfer control of the underlying asset, the lease represents an in substance financed purchase (sale) of an asset and the lease is classified as a finance lease by the lessee and a sales-type lease by the lessor. When a lease does not effectively transfer control of the underlying asset to the lessee, but the lessor obtains a guarantee for the value of the asset from a third party, the lessor would classify a lease as a direct financing lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
With the exception of five instances (with a combined value of $70 million), the Company’s lease arrangements are all operating leases.
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Lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at January 1, 2019 or commencement date, if later, in determining the present value of future payments. The lease payments that are included in the lease liability are comprised of fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate; amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees; the exercise price of a purchase option that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise; and payments for terminating the lease unless it is reasonably certain that early termination will not occur. The lease ROU asset includes any lease payment made and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms include the non-cancelable period for which a lessee has the right to use an underlying asset, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and the periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the lessee is reasonably certain not to exercise the option.
For operating leases, the lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the consolidated statement of operations over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The finance lease asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis.
We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. Except for gas and chemical contracts, NXP did not make the election to treat the lease and non-lease components as a single component, and considers the non-lease components as a separate unit of account.
Equity investments
NXP’s equity investments include equity method investments, marketable equity investments and non-marketable equity investments.
Equity method investments: NXP’s investments over which it has significant influence, but not control are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognized at cost. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted to recognize changes in the NXP’s share of net assets of the equity accounted investee since the acquisition date. NXP’s share of the results of operations of the equity accounted investees are recognized in ‘Results relating to equity-accounted investees’.
Marketable equity investments: all equity investments with a readily determinable fair value, other than equity-method investments, in unconsolidated entities are measured at fair value through earnings in the statement of operations on a recurring basis. We classify marketable securities as current or non-current based on the nature of the securities and their availability for use in current operations. Gains and losses on investments in marketable equity securities, realized and unrealized, are recognized in ‘Financial income (expense)’.
Non-marketable equity investments: all equity investments without a readily determinable fair value, other than equity-method investments, in unconsolidated entities are recorded at cost, less impairments, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities. All gains and losses on investments in non-marketable equity investments, realized and unrealized, are recognized in ‘Financial income (expense)’.
We monitor our equity method investments and non-marketable equity securities for events or changes in circumstances which may indicate the investments are impaired. If an assessment indicates an investment is impaired, we recognize a charge for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value. For equity method investments, we record impairment losses in earnings only when impairments are considered other-than-temporary.
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Business combinations
We allocate the purchase price paid for assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with our acquisitions based on their estimated fair values at the time of acquisition. This allocation involves a number of assumptions, estimates and judgments that could materially affect the timing or amounts recognized in our financial statements.
Significant judgment is required in estimating the fair value of acquired intangible assets, including the valuation methodology, estimations of future cash flows, discount rates, market segment growth rates, and our assumed market segment share, as well as the estimated useful life of intangible assets. Further judgment is required in estimating the fair values of deferred tax assets and liabilities, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances, which are initially estimated as of the acquisition date, as well as inventory, property, plant and equipment, pre-existing liabilities or legal claims, deferred revenue and contingent consideration, each as may be applicable.
The fair value estimates are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management but are inherently uncertain. Our assumptions and estimates are based upon comparable market data and information obtained from our management and the management of the acquired companies as well as the amount and timing of future cash flows (including expected revenue growth rates and profitability), the underlying product or technology life cycles, the economic barriers to entry and the discount rate applied to the cash flows. As such, acquired tangible and identified intangible assets are classified as Level 3 assets. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances may occur that could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions.
Goodwill
We record goodwill when the purchase price of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired. We assign the goodwill to our reporting unit based on the relative expected fair value provided by the acquisition. We perform an impairment assessment at least once annually, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, which includes evaluating qualitative and quantitative factors to assess the likelihood of an impairment of a reporting unit’s goodwill. We perform impairment tests using a fair value approach when necessary. The reporting unit’s carrying value used in an impairment test represents the assignment of various assets and liabilities, excluding certain corporate assets and liabilities, such as cash, investments and debt.
Identified intangible assets
Licensed technology and patents are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the periods of benefit. We amortize all acquisition-related intangible assets that are subject to amortization over their estimated useful life based on economic benefit. Acquisition-related in-process R&D assets represent the fair value of incomplete R&D projects that had not reached technological feasibility as of the date of acquisition; initially, these assets are not subject to amortization. Assets related to projects that have been completed are subject to amortization, while assets related to projects that have been abandoned are impaired and expensed to R&D. One year following the period in which identified intangible assets become fully amortized, we remove the fully amortized balances from the gross asset and accumulated amortization amounts.
We perform an impairment assessment for indefinite-lived intangible assets at least once annually, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. If necessary, a quantitative impairment test is performed to compare the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset with its carrying value. Impairments, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets.
Impairment or disposal of identified long-lived assets
We perform reviews of long-lived assets including property, plant and equipment, ROU assets, and intangible assets subject to amortization, whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than what we had originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If such facts
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and circumstances exist, we assess the recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. In the event such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded value of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values based on the expected discounted future cash flows attributable to the assets or based on appraisals. Impairment losses, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If an asset’s useful life is shorter than originally estimated, we accelerate the rate of amortization and amortize the remaining carrying value over the new shorter useful life. Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying amounts or their estimated fair values less costs to sell and are not depreciated.
Fair value measurements
Fair value is the price we would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. In the absence of active markets for an identical asset or liability, we develop assumptions based on market observable data and, in the absence of such data, utilize internal information that we consider to be consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction that occurs at the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. Priority is given to observable inputs. These two types of inputs form the basis for the following fair value hierarchy.
•Level 1: Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar or identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and valuations based on models where the inputs or significant value drivers are observable, either directly or indirectly.
•Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.
Foreign currencies
The Company uses the U.S. dollar as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the holding company is the U.S. dollar. For consolidation purposes, the financial statements of the entities within the Company with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, are translated into U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates on the applicable balance sheet dates. Income and expense items in the statements of operations, statements of comprehensive income and statements of cash flows are translated at monthly exchange rates in the periods involved.
The effects of translating the financial position and results of operations from functional currencies to reporting currency are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. If the operation is a non-wholly owned subsidiary, then the relevant proportionate share of the translation difference is recorded under non-controlling interests.
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The following table sets out the exchange rates for U.S. dollars into euros applicable for translation of NXP’s financial statements for the periods specified.

| $ per € 1
| period end |  | average(1) |  | high |  | low
Year-ended December 31, 2020 | 1.2280 |  |  | 1.1412 |  |  | 1.0862 |  |  | 1.2280 |
Year-ended December 31, 2019 | 1.1217 |  |  | 1.1210 |  |  | 1.0935 |  |  | 1.1476 |
Year-ended December 31, 2018 | 1.1451 |  |  | 1.1794 |  |  | 1.1352 |  |  | 1.2431 |

(1) The average of the noon-buying rate at the end of each fiscal month during the period presented.
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction or the date of valuation where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the statement of operations, except when the foreign exchange exposure is part of a qualifying cash flow or net investment hedge accounting relationship, in which case the related foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized directly in other comprehensive income to the extent that the hedge is effective and presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. To the extent that the hedge is ineffective, such differences are recognized in the statement of operations. Currency gains and losses on intercompany loans that have the nature of a permanent investment are recognized as translation differences in other comprehensive income and are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within equity.
Derivative financial instruments including hedge accounting
The Company uses derivative financial instruments in the management of its foreign currency risks and the input costs of gold for a portion of our anticipated purchases within the next 12 months.
The Company measures all derivative financial instruments based on fair values derived from market prices of the instruments or from option pricing models, as appropriate, and records these as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet. Changes in the fair values are immediately recognized in the statement of operations unless cash flow hedge accounting is applied. The cash flows associated with these derivative instruments are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows in the same category as the hedged transaction.
Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item. The cash flows associated with these derivative instruments are classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows in the same category as the hedged transaction. The application of cash flow hedge accounting for foreign currency risks is limited to transactions that represent a substantial currency risk that could materially affect the financial position of the Company.
Foreign currency gains or losses arising from the translation of a financial liability designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation are recognized directly in other comprehensive income, to the extent that the hedge is effective, and are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.
To the extent that a hedge is ineffective, the ineffective portion of the fair value change is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. When the hedged net investment is disposed of, the corresponding amount in the accumulated other comprehensive income is transferred to the statement of operations as part of the profit or loss on disposal.
On initial designation of the hedge relationship between the hedging instrument and hedged item, the Company documents this relationship, including the risk management objectives, strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction and the hedged risk, and the methods that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationship. The Company makes an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well
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as on an ongoing basis, of whether the hedging instruments are expected to be “highly effective” in offsetting the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the respective hedged items attributable to the hedged risk.
When cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued because it is not probable that a forecasted transaction will occur within a period of two months from the originally forecasted transaction date, the Company continues to carry the derivative on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are recognized immediately in earnings. In situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued, the Company continues to carry the derivative at its fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes any changes in its fair value in earnings.
The gross notional amounts of the Company’s foreign currency derivatives by currency for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Euro | 532 |  |  | 579 |
Chinese renminbi | 150 |  |  | 90 |
Great British pound | 34 |  |  | 22 |
Japanese yen | 21 |  |  | 29 |
Malaysian ringgit | 122 |  |  | 138 |
Singapore dollar | 65 |  |  | 49 |
Swiss franc | 29 |  |  | 28 |
Taiwan dollar | 159 |  |  | 103 |
Thai baht | 104 |  |  | 69 |
Other | 48 |  |  | 41 |

Dividends to shareholders
Dividends to the Company’s shareholders are charged to retained earnings when the dividends are approved.
Stock repurchases and retirement
For each repurchase of common stock, the number of shares and the acquisition price for those shares is added to the existing treasury stock count and total value. When treasury shares are retired, the Company's policy is to allocate the excess of the repurchase price over the par value of shares acquired to both Retained Earnings and Capital in Excess of Par. The portion allocated to Capital in Excess of Par is calculated by applying a percentage, determined by dividing the number of shares to be retired by the number of shares issued, to the balance of Capital in Excess of Par as of the retirement date.
Research and development
Costs of research and development are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, except for in-process research and development assets acquired in business combinations, which are capitalized and, after completion, are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed when incurred.
Debt issuance costs
Direct costs incurred to obtain financings are capitalized and subsequently amortized over the term of the debt using the effective interest rate method. Upon extinguishment of any related debt, any unamortized debt issuance costs are expensed immediately.
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Restructuring
The provision for restructuring relates to the estimated costs of initiated restructurings that have been approved by Management. When such plans require discontinuance and/or closure of lines of activities, the anticipated costs of closure or discontinuance are recorded at fair value when the liability has been incurred. The Company determines the fair value based on discounted projected cash flows in the absence of other observable inputs such as quoted prices. The restructuring liability includes the estimated cost of termination benefits provided to former or inactive employees after employment but before retirement, costs to terminate leases and other contracts, and selling costs associated with assets held for sale and other costs related to the closure of facilities. One-time employee termination benefits are recognized ratably over the future service period when those employees are required to render services to the Company, if that period exceeds 60 days or a longer legal notification period. However, generally, employee termination benefits are covered by a contract or an ongoing benefit arrangement and are recognized when it is probable that the employees will be entitled to the benefits and the amounts can be reasonably estimated.
Other income (expense)
Other income (expense) primarily consists of gains and losses related to divestment of activities and subsidiaries, as well as gains and losses related to the sale of long-lived assets and other non-core operating items. This includes income derived from manufacturing service arrangements (“MSA”) and transitional service arrangements (“TSA”) that are put in place when we divest a business or activity as well as related expenditures.
Financial income and expense
Financial income and expense is comprised of interest income on cash and cash equivalent balances, the interest expense on borrowings, the accretion of the discount or premium on issued debt, the gain or loss on the disposal of financial assets, impairment losses on financial assets and gains or losses on hedging instruments recognized in the statement of operations.
Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the statement of operations using the effective interest method.
Income taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities is based upon the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax liabilities for income taxes or withholding taxes on dividends from subsidiaries are recognized in situations where the company does not consider the earnings indefinitely reinvested and to the extent that the withholding taxes are not expected to be refundable.
Deferred tax assets, including assets arising from loss carryforwards, are recognized, net of a valuation allowance, if based upon the available evidence it is more likely than not that the asset will be realized.
The income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. The income tax benefit recognized is measured based on the largest benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon resolution of the uncertainty. A liability for unrecognized tax benefits and the related interest and penalties is recorded under accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities in the balance sheet based on the timing of the expected payment. Penalties related to income taxes are recorded as income tax expense, whereas interest is reported as financial expense in the statement of operations.
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Postretirement benefits
The Company’s employees participate in pension and other postretirement benefit plans in many countries. The costs of pension and other postretirement benefits and related assets and liabilities with respect to the Company’s employees participating in the various plans are based upon actuarial valuations.
Some of the Company’s defined-benefit pension plans are funded with plan assets that have been segregated and restricted in a trust, foundation or insurance company to provide for the pension benefits to which the Company has committed itself.
The net liability or asset recognized in the balance sheet in respect of the postretirement plans is the present value of the projected benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets at the balance sheet date. Most of the Company’s plans are unfunded and result in a provision or a net liability.
For the Company’s major plans, the discount rate is derived from market yields on high quality corporate bonds. Plans in countries without a deep corporate bond market use a discount rate based on the local government bond rates.
Benefit plan costs primarily represent the increase in the actuarial present value of the obligation for benefits based on employee service during the year and the interest on this obligation in respect of employee service in previous years, net of the expected return on plan assets and net of employee contributions.
Actuarial gains and losses arise mainly from changes in actuarial assumptions and differences between actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred. They are recognized in the statement of operations, over the expected average remaining service periods of the employees only to the extent that their net cumulative amount exceeds 10% of the greater of the present value of the obligation or of the fair value of plan assets at the end of the previous year (the corridor). Events which invoke a curtailment or a settlement of a benefit plan will be recognized in our statement of operations.
In calculating obligation and expense, the Company is required to select actuarial assumptions. These assumptions include discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, assumed health care trend rates and rates of increase in compensation costs determined based on current market conditions, historical information and consultation with and input from our actuaries. Changes in the key assumptions can have a significant impact to the projected benefit obligations, funding requirements and periodic cost incurred.
Unrecognized prior-service costs related to the plans are amortized to the statements of operations over the average remaining service period of the active employees.
Contributions to defined-contribution and multi-employer pension plans are recognized as an expense in the statements of operations as incurred.
The Company determines the fair value of plan assets based on quoted prices or comparable prices for non-quoted assets. For a defined-benefit pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation; for any other postretirement defined benefit plan it is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation.
The Company recognizes as a component of other comprehensive income, net of taxes, the gains or losses and prior service costs that arise during the year but are not recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, including the gains or losses and the prior services costs are adjusted as they are subsequently recognized as components of net periodic benefit costs.
For all the Company’s postretirement benefit plans, the measurement date is December 31, our year-end.
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Share-based compensation
We recognize compensation expense for all share-based awards based on the grant-date estimated fair values, net of an estimated forfeiture rate. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value for certain awards. NXP’s grants through the incentive plan are equity settled. Share-based compensation cost for restricted share units (“RSU”s) with time-based vesting is measured based on the closing fair market value of our common stock on the date of the grant, reduced by the present value of the estimated expected future dividends, and then multiplied by the number of RSUs granted. Share-based compensation cost for performance-based share units (“PSU”s) granted with performance or market conditions is measured using a Monte-Carlo simulation model on the date of grant.
The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service periods in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For stock options, PSUs and RSUs, the grant-date value, less estimated pre-vest forfeitures, is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The vesting period for stock options is generally four years, for RSUs and PSUs it is generally three years.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share attributable to stockholders is calculated by dividing net income or loss attributable to stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
To determine diluted share count, we apply the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive effect of outstanding stock option shares, RSUs, PSUs and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) shares. Under the treasury stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising share-based awards and the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.
Concentration of risk
Financial instruments, including derivative financial instruments, that may potentially subject NXP to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments, accounts receivable and forward contracts.
We sell our products to OEMs and to distributors in various markets, who resell these products to OEMs, or their subcontract manufacturers. One of our distributors accounted for 17% of our revenue in 2020, 14% in 2019 and 14% in 2018. One other distributor accounted for less than 10% of our revenue in 2020 and 2019, and 10% in 2018. No other distributor accounted for greater than 10% of our revenue for 2020, 2019 or 2018. One OEM for which we had direct sales to accounted for less than 10% of our revenue in 2020, 11% in 2019 and 11% in 2018. No other individual OEM for which we had direct sales to accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for 2020, 2019 or 2018.
Credit exposure related to NXP’s foreign currency forward contracts is limited to the realized and unrealized gains on these contracts.
The Company is using outside suppliers or foundries for a portion of its manufacturing capacity.
We have operations in Europe and Asia subject to collective bargaining agreements which could pose a risk to the Company in the near term, but we do not expect that our operations will be disrupted if such is the case.
Accounting standards adopted in 2020
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard changes the accounting for recognizing
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impairments of financial assets. Under the new guidance, credit losses for certain types of financial instruments are estimated based on expected losses. The new guidance also modifies the impairment models for available-for-sale debt securities and for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The new accounting guidance generally requires the modified retrospective transition method, with the cumulative effect of applying the new accounting guidance recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the year of adoption, except for certain financial assets where the prospective transition method is required, such as available-for-sale debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recorded. The ASUs became effective for us on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, the one step quantitative impairment test calculates goodwill impairment as the excess of the carrying value of a reporting unit over its fair value, up to the carrying value of the goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU became effective for us on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 removes certain disclosure requirements, including the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 also adds disclosure requirements, including changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. ASU 2018-13 became effective for us on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation – Retirement Benefits – Defined Benefit Plans – General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. ASU 2018-14 removes disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. ASU 2018-14 should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2018-14 became effective for us on December 15, 2020. The adoption of this ASU is reflective in Note-13 Post Retirement Benefit Plans. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 requires a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. Therefore, a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract determines which project stage an implementation activity relates to. Costs for implementation activities in the application development stage are capitalized depending on the nature of the costs, while costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as the activities are performed. ASU 2018-15 also requires the customer to expense the capitalized implementation costs over the term of the hosting arrangement, and to apply the existing impairment guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to the capitalized implementation costs as if the costs were long-lived assets. ASU 2018-15 can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2018-15 became effective
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for us on January 1, 2020, and has been adopted prospectively. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
No other new accounting pronouncements were issued or became effective in the period that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note 3 – Acquisitions and Divestments
2020
There were no material acquisitions during 2020. On February 3, 2020, we completed the sale of the Company's Voice and Audio Solutions (VAS) assets, pursuant to the definitive agreement dated August 16, 2019 and which was previously classified as held for sale, with Shenzhen Goodix Technology Co., Ltd. ("Goodix") from China, for a net cash amount of $161 million inclusive of final working capital adjustments. This resulted in a gain of $110 million recorded in Other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
2019
On December 6, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Marvell’s Wireless WiFi Connectivity Business Unit, Bluetooth technology portfolio and related assets for total consideration of $1.7 billion, net of closing adjustments. The acquisition complements NXP’s processing, security and connectivity offerings in the Industrial & IoT, as well as in the Automotive and Communication Infrastructure markets.
The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition, by major class, were recognized as follows:

Tangible fixed assets | 2 |
Inventory | 50 |
Identified intangible assets | 514 |
Goodwill | 1,138 |
Deferred tax assets | 1 |
Net assets acquired | 1,705 |

Our valuation procedures related to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities was completed during the second quarter of 2020.
Goodwill arising from the acquisition is attributed to the anticipated growth from new product sales, sales to new customers, the assembled workforce and synergies expected from the combination. Substantially all of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
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The identified intangible assets assumed were recognized as follows:

| Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Estimated Useful Life (in Years)
Customer relationships (included in customer-related) | 20 |  |  | 6
Developed technology (included in technology-based) | 324 |  |  | 4.4
In-process research and development (1) | 170 |  |  | N/A
Total identified intangible assets | 514 |  |  |

1)Acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) is an intangible asset classified as an indefinite lived asset until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development effort. IPR&D will be amortized over an estimated useful life to be determined at the date the associated research and development effort is completed, or expensed immediately when, and if, the project is abandoned. Acquired IPR&D is not amortized during the period that it is considered indefinite lived, but rather is subject to annual testing for impairment or when there are indicators for impairment.
Variations of the income approach were applied to estimate the fair values of the intangible assets acquired. Developed technology and IPR&D were valued using the multi-period excess earnings method which reflects the present values of the projected cash flows that are expected to be generated by the existing technology and IPR&D less charges representing the contribution of other assets to those cash flows. Customer relationships were valued using the distributor method which uses market-based data to support the selection of profitability related to the customer relationship function.
Acquisition-related transaction costs ($5 million) such as legal, accounting and other related expenses were recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Pro forma financial information (unaudited)
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents combined consolidated results of operations for each of the fiscal years presented, as if Marvell’s Wireless WiFi Connectivity Business Unit, Bluetooth technology portfolio and related assets had been acquired as of January 1, 2018:

| 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue | 9,169 |  |  | 9,715 |
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders | 237 |  |  | 2,154 |
Net income (loss) per common share attributable to stockholders: |  |  |
–Basic | 0.84 |  |  | 6.61 |
–Diluted | 0.83 |  |  | 6.55 |

The pro forma information include the effect of certain purchase accounting adjustments such as the estimate changes in amortization and depreciation for identified intangible assets and property, plant and equipment acquired and adjustments to share-based compensation expense. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of the revenue or operating results that would have been achieved had the acquisition actually taken place as of January 1, 2018 or of the results of future operations of the combined business. In addition, these results are not intended to be a projection of future results and do not reflect synergies that might be achieved from the combined operations.
On March 27, 2019, we sold our remaining equity interest in WeEn, receiving net cash proceeds of $37 million.
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2018
There were no material acquisitions during 2018. On July 10, 2018, NXP completed the sale of its 40% equity interest of Suzhou ASEN Semiconductors Co., Ltd. to J&R Holding Limited, receiving $127 million in cash proceeds. The net gain realized on the sale of $51 million is included in the Consolidated S tatement of Operations in the line item “Results relating to equity-accounted investees”.
In June 2018, NXP completed the sale of 24% of its equity interest in WeEn to Tianjin Ruixin Semiconductor Industry Investment Centre LLP, receiving $32 million in cash proceeds. At December 31, 2018, due to the intended sale of the remaining interest in WeEn, NXP transferred the remaining holding to other current assets.
Note 4 – Assets Held for Sale
In the second quarter of 2019, NXP management, in reviewing its portfolio, concluded that certain activities (Voice and Audio Solutions (VAS)) no longer fit the NXP strategic portfolio and took actions that resulted in the assets meeting the held for sale criteria. On August 16, 2019, NXP reached a definitive agreement with Shenzhen Goodix Technology Co., Ltd. ("Goodix") from China, under which Goodix will acquire all of these assets for an amount of $165 million. On February 3, 2020, we completed the transaction. Refer to Note 3 Acquisitions and Divestments.
The VAS assets presentation as held for sale did not meet the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation at December 31, 2019 primarily due to the disposal of this business not representing a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.
The following table summarizes the carrying value of the VAS assets held for sale:

| December 31, 2019
Inventories | 8 |
Identified intangible assets, net | 1 |
Goodwill | 41 |
Assets held for sale | 50 |

Note 5 - Supplemental Financial Information
Statement of Operations Information
Disaggregation of revenue
The following table presents revenue disaggregated by sales channel:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Distributors | 4,720 |  |  | 4,409 |  |  | 4,891 |
Original Equipment Manufacturers and Electronic Manufacturing Services | 3,728 |  |  | 4,352 |  |  | 4,229 |
Other 1) | 164 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 287 |
Total | 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | 9,407 |

1)Prior year information has been reclassified to align with NXP's current year presentation.
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Depreciation, amortization and impairment
Depreciation and amortization, including impairment charges, are as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 547 |  |  | 518 |  |  | 478 |
Amortization of internal use software | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Amortization of other identified intangible assets (*) | 1,435 |  |  | 1,521 |  |  | 1,501 |
| 1,988 |  |  | 2,047 |  |  | 1,987 |

(*) For the period ending December 31, 2020, the amount includes an impairment relative to IPR&D acquired as part of the acquisition of Freescale for an amount of $36 million.
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is primarily included in cost of revenue.
Other income (expense)
As of January 1, 2019, Income derived from manufacturing service arrangements (“MSA”) and transitional service arrangements (“TSA”) that are put in place when we divest a business or activity, is included in other income (expense). These arrangements are short-term in nature and are expected to decrease as the divested business or activity becomes more established.
The following table presents the split of other income (expense):

| 2020 | 2019 | 2018
Result from MSA and TSA arrangements | — |  | — |  | — |
Other, net | 114 |  | 25 |  | 2,001 |
Total | 114 |  | 25 |  | 2,001 |

Financial income (expense)

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Interest income | 13 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 48 |
Interest expense | (362) |  |  | (370) |  |  | (273) |
Total interest expense, net | (349) |  |  | (313) |  |  | (225) |
Net gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt | (60) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (26) |
Foreign exchange rate results | (16) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (14) |
Miscellaneous financing income (expense) and other, net (*) | 8 |  |  | (11) |  |  | (70) |
Total other financial income (expense) | (68) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (110) |
Total | (417) |  |  | (350) |  |  | (335) |

(*) For the period ending December 31, 2018, the amount includes one-time charges ($60 million) on certain financial instruments for compensation related to an adjustment event required by the termination of the Qualcomm Purchase Agreement.
Balance Sheet Information
Cash and cash equivalents
At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our cash balance was $2,275 million and $1,045 million, respectively, of which $185 million and $188 million was held by SSMC, our consolidated joint venture company with TSMC. Under the terms of our joint venture agreement with TSMC, a portion of this cash can be distributed by way of a dividend to us, but 38.8% of the dividend will be paid to our joint venture partner. During 2020, $90 million dividend (2019: no dividend) was paid by SSMC.
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Equity Investments
At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the total carrying value of investments in equity securities is summarized as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Marketable equity securities | 19 |  |  | 1 |
Non-marketable equity securities | 40 |  |  | 25 |
Equity-accounted investments | 61 |  |  | 11 |
| 120 |  |  | 37 |

The total carrying value of investments in equity-accounted investees is summarized as follows:

|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | Shareholding % |  | Amount |  | Shareholding % |  | Amount
Wise Road Industry Investment Fund I, L.P. |  | 10.17 | % |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Others |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
|  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  |  | 11 |

Results related to equity-accounted investees at the end of each period were as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Company’s share in income (loss) | (4) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 7 |
Other results | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 52 |
| (4) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 59 |

In July 2018, we completed the sale of our 40% equity interest in Suzhou ASEN Semiconductors Co., Ltd., receiving $127 million in cash proceeds.
In June 2018, we completed the sale of 24% of our equity interest in WeEn, receiving $32 million in cash proceeds. At December 31, 2018, due to the intended sale of the remaining interest in WeEn, NXP transferred the remaining holding to other current assets.
Note 6 - Restructuring Charges
At each reporting date, we evaluate our restructuring liabilities, which consist primarily of termination benefits, to ensure that our accruals are still appropriate. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we recognized $38 million of employee severance costs in our restructuring liabilities, which was primarily related to specific targeted actions. During 2019 and 2018, there were no new significant restructuring programs.
The following table presents the changes in the position of restructuring liabilities in 2020:

| Balance January 1, 2020 |  | Additions |  | Utilized |  | Released |  | Other changes(1) |  | Balance December 31, 2020
Restructuring liabilities | 32 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (36) |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 74 |

(1) Other changes primarily related to translation differences and internal transfers.
The total restructuring liability as of December 31, 2020 of $74 million is classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under current liabilities ($60 million) and non-current liabilities ($14 million).
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The utilization of the restructuring liabilities mainly reflects the execution of ongoing restructuring programs the Company initiated in earlier years.
The following table presents the changes in the position of restructuring liabilities in 2019:

| Balance January 1, 2019 |  | Additions |  | Utilized |  | Released |  | Other changes(1) |  | Balance December 31, 2019
Restructuring liabilities | 65 |  |  | 29 |  |  | (57) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 32 |

(1) Other changes primarily related to translation differences and internal transfers.
The total restructuring liability as of December 31, 2019 of $32 million is classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under current liabilities.
The utilization of the restructuring liabilities mainly reflects the execution of ongoing restructuring programs the Company initiated in earlier years.
The components of restructuring charges recorded in 2020, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Personnel lay-off costs | 78 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 4 |
Other exit costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Release of provisions/accruals | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Net restructuring charges | 78 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 6 |

The restructuring charges recorded in operating income are included in the following line items in the statement of operations:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of revenue | 15 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Research & development | 39 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |
Selling, general and administrative | 24 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |
Other (income) expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Net restructuring charges | 78 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 6 |

Note 7 - Income Taxes
In 2020, NXP generated income before income taxes of $1 million (2019: income of $291 million; 2018: income of $2,375 million). The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Netherlands | 447 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 2,570 |
Foreign | (446) |  |  | (138) |  |  | (195) |
| 1 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 2,375 |

The components of income tax benefit (expense) are as follows:
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| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Netherlands | (147) |  |  | (90) |  |  | (296) |
Foreign | (119) |  |  | (105) |  |  | (91) |
| (266) |  |  | (195) |  |  | (387) |
Deferred taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Netherlands | 58 |  |  | (28) |  |  | 2 |
Foreign | 291 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 209 |
| 349 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 211 |
Total income tax benefit (expense) | 83 |  |  | (20) |  |  | (176) |

A reconciliation of the statutory income tax rate in the Netherlands as a percentage of income (loss) before income taxes and the effective income tax rate is as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
| amount |  | % |  | amount |  | % |  | amount |  | % |
Statutory income tax rate in the Netherlands | — |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 594 |  |  | 25.0 |  |
Rate differential between the local statutory rates and the statutory rate of the Netherlands | 22 |  |  | 2,175.0 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 0.8 |  |
Net change in valuation allowance | 35 |  |  | 3,500.0 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 20.2 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 0.4 |  |
Non-deductible expenses/losses | 61 |  |  | 6,100.0 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 17.8 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 2.7 |  |
Netherlands tax incentives | (48) |  |  | (4,800.0) |  |  | (68) |  |  | (23.2) |  |  | (252) |  |  | (10.6) |  |
Foreign tax incentives | (117) |  |  | (11,700.0) |  |  | (118) |  |  | (40.5) |  |  | (119) |  |  | (5.0) |  |
Changes in estimates of prior years' income taxes | (13) |  |  | (1,300.0) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | (83) |  |  | (3.5) |  |
Sale of non-deductible goodwill | 10 |  |  | 1,000.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Withholding taxes | (31) |  |  | (3,100.0) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | (12) |  |  | (0.6) |  |
Other differences | (2) |  |  | (200.0) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | (45) |  |  | (1.8) |  |
Effective tax rate | (83) |  |  | (8,300.0) |  |  | 20 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 7.4 |  |

.
We recorded an income tax benefit of $83 million in 2020, which reflects an effective tax rate of (8300.0)% compared to an expense of $20 million and an effective rate of 6.9% in 2019.The effective tax rate reflects the impact of tax incentives, a portion of our earnings being taxed in foreign jurisdictions at rates different than the Netherlands statutory tax rate, changes in estimates of prior years' income taxes, change in valuation allowance and non-deductible expenses, sale of non-deductible goodwill and withholding taxes. The impact of these items results in offsetting factors that attribute to the change in the effective tax rate between the two periods, with the significant drivers outlined below:
•The Company benefits from certain tax incentives, which reduce the effective tax rate. The dollar amount of the incentive in any given year is commensurate with the taxable income in that same period. For 2020, the Netherlands tax incentives was lower than 2019 by $20 million, mainly due to the fact that NXP has a lower qualifying income. Note that for 2019, the Netherlands tax incentives was lower than 2018, mainly due to the fact that NXP had received a break-up fee from Qualcomm of $2 billion in 2018 which drove a higher income before tax in 2018.
•The increase in the valuation allowance is mostly due to new Dutch corporate income tax law applicable as from 2019. A portion of the interest expenses is non-deductible in the year it is recorded but can be carried forward without expiration. The difference in valuation allowance in 2020 as compared with 2019 is mainly due to the fact that there was less Netherlands related interest expense impacted by the interest limitation rules as a result of higher qualifying income mainly linked to the divestiture of the VAS business and the lower Netherlands tax incentives.
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•The tax effect of the non-deductible goodwill of $10 million is linked to the divestiture of the VAS business in 2020.
•The difference of $36 million in the withholding tax benefit in 2020 as compared with 2019 is mainly due to changes in the applicable deferred tax liability rate regarding future remittances of the earnings of foreign subsidiaries and due to additional undistributed earnings being considered permanently reinvested.
•The change in estimates of prior years’ income taxes was higher in 2020 as compared to 2019, mostly relating to NXP USA ($20 million) primarily due to the early adoption of the U.S. regulations issued in Q3 2020. This was partly offset by other changes in estimates relating to multiple jurisdictions.
•The changes in estimates of prior years' income taxes was higher in 2018 comparing with 2019 as a result of the agreement NXP reached with the Dutch tax authorities relative to the application of the Dutch innovation box regime to the taxable income attributable to the Netherlands. This agreement is effective from January 1, 2017. As such, the Company was able to refine its estimate of the Dutch tax liability, recognizing an additional income tax benefit of $67 million in 2018.
•The higher other differences in 2018 relate primarily to a tax benefit on the liquidation of a former investment of $45 million.
The Company benefits from income tax holidays in certain jurisdictions which provide that we pay reduced income taxes in those jurisdictions for a fixed period of time that varies depending on the jurisdiction. The predominant income tax holiday is expected to expire at the end of 2026. The impact of this tax holiday decreased foreign income taxes by $11 million in 2020 (2019: $12 million; 2018: $21 million). The benefit of this tax holiday on net income per share (diluted) was $0.04 in 2020 (2019: $0.04; 2018: $0.06).
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Operating loss and tax credit carry forwards | 480 |  |  | 499 |
Disallowed interest carry forwards | 69 |  |  | 103 |
Other accrued liabilities | 107 |  |  | 111 |
Pensions | 121 |  |  | 95 |
Other non-current liabilities | 58 |  |  | 53 |
Share-based compensation | 13 |  |  | 15 |
Restructuring liabilities | 15 |  |  | 5 |
Receivables | 55 |  |  | 64 |
Inventories | 8 |  |  | 4 |
Total Deferred Tax Assets | 926 |  |  | 949 |
Valuation allowance | (227) |  |  | (190) |
Total Deferred Tax Assets, net of valuation allowance | 699 |  |  | 759 |
Identified intangible assets, net | (116) |  |  | (520) |
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries | (54) |  |  | (99) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | (15) |  |  | (34) |
Goodwill | (66) |  |  | (43) |
Other current and non-current assets | (56) |  |  | (52) |
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities | (307) |  |  | (748) |
Net Deferred Tax Position | 392 |  |  | 11 |

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The classification of the deferred tax assets and liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets within other non-current assets | 477 |  |  | 293 |
Deferred tax liabilities within non-current liabilities | (85) |  |  | (282) |
| 392 |  |  | 11 |

The Company has significant deferred tax assets resulting from net operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards and deductible temporary differences that may reduce taxable income or income taxes payable in future periods. Valuation allowances have been established for deferred tax assets based on a “more likely than not” threshold. The realization of our deferred tax assets depends on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The valuation allowance increased by $37 million during 2020 (2019: $45 million increase). Besides the net change in the valuation allowance of $35 million this mainly includes an increase of the valuation allowance due to a change in tax rates for $6 million and a decrease of the valuation allowance due to the expiration of tax attributes for $9 million.
We consider all available evidence in forming a judgment regarding the valuation allowance as of December 31, 2020, including events that occur subsequent to year end but prior to the issuance of the financial statements. The deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that we consider it more likely than not that these assets will be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including reversal of existing temporary differences, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies.
At December 31, 2020 tax loss carryforwards of $737 million (inclusive of $162 million of U.S. state tax losses) will expire as follows:

|  | Balance |  | Scheduled expiration
|  | December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026-2030 |  | later |  | unlimited
Tax loss carryforwards |  | 737 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 409 |

This overview is excluding disallowed interest carryforwards of $276 million which have an unlimited expiration date.
The Company also has tax credit carryforwards of $468 million (excluding the effect of unrecognized tax benefits), which are available to offset future tax, if any, and which will expire as follows:

|  | Balance |  | Scheduled expiration
|  | December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026-2030 |  | later |  | unlimited
Tax credit carryforwards |  | 468 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 52 |

The net income tax payable (excluding the liability for unrecognized tax benefits) as of December 31, 2020 amounted to $117 million (2019: net income tax receivable of $2 million) and includes amounts directly receivable from or payable to tax authorities.
The Company does not indefinitely reinvest the majority of the undistributed earnings of its subsidiaries. Consequently, the Company has recognized a deferred tax liability of $54 million at December 31, 2020 (2019: $99 million) for the additional income taxes and withholding taxes payable upon the future remittances of these earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Company considers $114 million of the undistributed earnings indefinitely reinvested although the timing of the reversal can be controlled. Upon repatriation of those earnings the Company would be subject to tax of $11 million which is not recognized as deferred tax liability at December 31, 2020.
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A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties is as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance as of January 1, | 159 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 177 |
Translation differences | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (4) |
Lapse of statute of limitations | (4) |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Increases from tax positions taken during prior periods | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 7 |
Decreases from tax positions taken during prior periods | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (17) |
Increases from tax positions taken during current period | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Decreases relating to settlements with the tax authorities | (6) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (5) |
Balance as of December 31, | 161 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 165 |

Of the total unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2020, $140 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. All other unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would not affect the effective tax rate as these would be offset by compensating adjustments in the Company’s deferred tax assets that would be subject to valuation allowance based on conditions existing at the reporting date.
The Company classifies interest related to an underpayment of income taxes as financial expense and penalties as income tax expense. The total related interest and penalties recorded during the year 2020 amounted to a $4 million expense (2019: $3 million benefit; 2018: $3 million benefit). As of December 31, 2020 the Company has recognized a liability for related interest and penalties of $13 million (2019: $11 million; 2018: $14 million). It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits may significantly increase/decrease within the next 12 months of the reporting date due to, for example, completion of tax examinations. It is estimated that this reasonably possible change will not be significant.
The Company files income tax returns in the Netherlands, the U.S.A. and in various other foreign jurisdictions. Tax filings of our subsidiaries are routinely audited in the normal course of business by tax authorities around the world. Tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions: the Netherlands (2017-2019), Germany (2017-2019), USA (2005-2019), China (2010-2019), Taiwan (2015-2019), Thailand (2015-2019), Malaysia (2011-2019) and India (2004, 2005, 2007-2019).
Note 8 - Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net are summarized as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Accounts receivable from third parties | 767 |  |  | 669 |
Allowance for credit loss | (2) |  |  | (2) |
| 765 |  |  | 667 |

The following table presents accounts receivable, net disaggregated by sales channel:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Distributors | 186 |  |  | 80 |
Original Equipment Manufacturers and Electronic Manufacturing Services | 533 |  |  | 536 |
Other | 46 |  |  | 51 |
| 765 |  |  | 667 |

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Note 9 - Inventories, net
Inventories are summarized as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Raw materials | 66 |  |  | 52 |
Work in process | 786 |  |  | 894 |
Finished goods | 178 |  |  | 246 |
| 1,030 |  |  | 1,192 |

The portion of finished goods stored at customer locations under consignment amounted to $31 million as of December 31, 2020 (2019: $41 million).
The amounts recorded above are net of an allowance for obsolescence of $122 million as of December 31, 2020 (2019: $114 million).
Note 10 - Property, Plant and Equipment, net
The following table presents details of the Company’s property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation:

| Useful Life (in years) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Land |  |  | 165 |  |  | 164 |
Buildings | 9 to 50 |  | 1,425 |  |  | 1,359 |
Machinery and installations | 2 to 10 |  | 3,970 |  |  | 3,749 |
Other Equipment | 1 to 5 |  | 751 |  |  | 665 |
Prepayments and construction in progress |  |  | 210 |  |  | 253 |
|  |  | 6,521 |  |  | 6,190 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | (4,237) |  |  | (3,742) |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation |  |  | 2,284 |  |  | 2,448 |

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Note 11 - Identified Intangible Assets
The changes in identified intangible assets were as follows:

| Total
Balance as of January 1, 2019 |
Cost | 9,183 |
Accumulated amortization/impairment | (4,716) |
Book value | 4,467 |
Changes in book value: |
Acquisitions/additions | 683 |
Transfer to assets held for sale | (1) |
Amortization | (1,529) |
Total changes | (847) |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |
Cost | 9,384 |
Accumulated amortization/impairment | (5,764) |
Book value | 3,620 |
Changes in book value: |
Acquisitions/additions | 63 |
Transfer to assets held for sale | — |
Amortization | (1,398) |
Impairment | (43) |
Translation differences | — |
Total changes | (1,378) |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |
Cost | 9,249 |
Accumulated amortization/impairment | (7,007) |
Book value | 2,242 |

Identified intangible assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 respectively were composed of the following:

| December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Gross carrying amount |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Gross carrying amount |  | Accumulated amortization
IPR&D(1) | 147 |  |  | — |  |  | 272 |  |  | — |
Marketing-related | 81 |  |  | (81) |  |  | 81 |  |  | (67) |
Customer-related | 957 |  |  | (381) |  |  | 968 |  |  | (340) |
Technology-based | 8,064 |  |  | (6,545) |  |  | 8,063 |  |  | (5,357) |
Identified intangible assets | 9,249 |  |  | (7,007) |  |  | 9,384 |  |  | (5,764) |

(1) IPR&D is not subject to amortization until completion or abandonment of the associated research and development effort.
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The estimated amortization expense for these identified intangible assets for each of the five succeeding years is:

2021 | 675 |
2022 | 572 |
2023 | 340 |
2024 | 157 |
2025 | 106 |
Thereafter | 392 |

All intangible assets, excluding IPR&D and goodwill, are subject to amortization and have no assumed residual value.
The expected weighted average remaining life of identified intangibles is 4 years as of December 31, 2020.
Note 12 - Goodwill
The changes in goodwill in 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Balances as of January 1 |  |  |
Cost | 10,063 |  |  | 8,971 |
Accumulated impairment | (114) |  |  | (114) |
Book value | 9,949 |  |  | 8,857 |
Changes in book value: |  |  |
Acquisitions | 3 |  |  | 1,138 |
Transfer to assets held for sale | — |  |  | (41) |
Translation differences | 32 |  |  | (5) |
Total changes | 35 |  |  | 1,092 |
Balances as of December 31 |  |  |
Cost - Balance | 10,098 |  |  | 10,063 |
Accumulated impairment - Balance | (114) |  |  | (114) |
Book value - Balance | 9,984 |  |  | 9,949 |

No goodwill impairment charges were required to be recognized in 2020 or 2019.
The fair value of the reporting unit substantially exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit.
See Note 3, “Acquisitions and Divestments”.
Note 13 - Postretirement Benefit Plans
Pensions
Our employees participate in employee pension plans in accordance with the legal requirements, customs and the local situation in the respective countries. These are defined-benefit pension plans, defined-contribution plans and multi-employer plans.
The Company’s employees in The Netherlands participate in a multi-employer plan, implemented for the employees of the Metal and Electrical Engineering Industry ("Bedrijfstakpensioenfonds Metalektro" or "PME") in accordance with the mandatory affiliation to PME effective for the industry in which NXP operates. As this affiliation is a legal requirement for the Metal and Electrical Engineering Industry it has no expiration date. This PME multi-employer plan (a career average plan) covers 1,390 companies and 626,000 participants. The plan monitors its risk on an aggregate basis, not by company or participant and can therefore not be accounted for as a defined benefit plan. The pension fund rules state that the only obligation for affiliated companies will be to pay the annual plan contributions. There is no obligation for affiliated companies to fund plan deficits. Affiliated companies are also not entitled to any possible surpluses in the pension fund.
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Every participating company contributes the same fixed percentage of its total pension base, being pensionable salary minus an individual offset. The Company’s pension cost for any period is the amount of contributions due for that period.
The contribution rate for the mandatory scheme will increase from 26.41% (2020) to 27.59% (2021).

PME multi-employer plan | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
NXP’s contributions to the plan | 33 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 34 |
(including employees’ contributions) | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Average number of NXP’s active employees participating in the plan | 2,048 |  |  | 2,129 |  |  | 2,183 |
NXP’s contribution to the plan exceeded more than 5 percent of the total contribution (as of December 31 of the plan’s year end) | No |  | No |  | No

The amount for pension costs included in the statement of operations for the year 2020 was $103 million (2019: $98 million; 2018: $105 million) of which $47 million (2019: $47 million; 2018: $49 million) represents defined-contribution plans and $29 million (2019: $27 million; 2018: $30 million) represents the PME multi-employer plans.
Defined-benefit plans
The benefits provided by defined-benefit plans are based on employees’ years of service and compensation levels. Contributions are made by the Company, as necessary, to provide assets sufficient to meet the benefits payable to defined-benefit pension plan participants.
These contributions are determined based upon various factors, including funded status, legal and tax considerations as well as local customs. The Company funds certain defined-benefit pension plans as claims are incurred.
The total ongoing cost of defined-benefit plans amounted to $27 million in 2020 (2019: a cost of $24 million; 2018: a cost of $26 million).
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The table below provides a summary of the changes in the pension benefit obligations and defined-benefit pension plan assets for 2020 and 2019, associated with the Company’s dedicated plans, and a reconciliation of the funded status of these plans to the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

| 2020 |  | 2019
Projected benefit obligation |  |  |
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year | 665 |  |  | 617 |
Service cost | 17 |  |  | 14 |
Interest cost | 7 |  |  | 12 |
Actuarial (gains) and losses | 65 |  |  | 50 |
Curtailments and settlements | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (22) |  |  | (23) |
Exchange rate differences | 58 |  |  | (5) |
Projected benefit obligation at end of year | 790 |  |  | 665 |
Plan assets |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 203 |  |  | 201 |
Actual return on plan assets | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Employer contributions | 22 |  |  | 22 |
Curtailments and settlements | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (22) |  |  | (23) |
Exchange rate differences | 16 |  |  | (2) |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 224 |  |  | 203 |
Funded status | (566) |  |  | (462) |
Classification of the funded status is as follows |  |  |
– Accrued pension cost within other non-current liabilities | (554) |  |  | (452) |
– Accrued pension cost within accrued liabilities | (12) |  |  | (10) |
Total | (566) |  |  | (462) |
Accumulated benefit obligation |  |  |
Accumulated benefit obligation for all Company-dedicated benefit pension plans | 755 |  |  | 621 |
Plans with assets less than accumulated benefit obligation (including unfunded plans) |  |  |
– Fair value of plan assets | 220 |  |  | 198 |
– Accumulated benefit obligations | 750 |  |  | 617 |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (before tax) |  |  |
Total AOCI at beginning of year | 140 |  |  | 94 |
– Net actuarial loss (gain) | 58 |  |  | 47 |
– Exchange rate differences | 16 |  |  | (1) |
Total AOCI at end of year | 214 |  |  | 140 |

The net amount of projected benefit obligation and plan assets for all underfunded (including unfunded) pension plans was $566 million and $462 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was classified as liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, actuarial losses were primarily related to decreases in discount rates of approximately 40 basis points on a weighted basis and updates to mortality table benchmarks in various countries. For the year ended December 31, 2019, actuarial losses were primarily related to decreases in discount rates of approximately 80 basis points.
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The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the projected benefit obligations were as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Discount rate | 0.8 | % |  | 1.2 | %
Rate of compensation increase | 1.6 | % |  | 1.5 | %

The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the net periodic pension cost were as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Discount rate | 1.2 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 1.9 | %
Expected returns on plan assets | 2.6 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 3.0 | %
Rate of compensation increase | 1.5 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  | 1.8 | %

For the Company’s major plans, the discount rate used is based on high quality corporate bonds (iBoxx Corporate Euro AA 10+).
Plans in certain Asian countries without a deep corporate bond market use a discount rate based on the local sovereign rate and the plans maturity (Bloomberg Government Bond Yields).
Expected returns per asset class are based on the assumption that asset valuations tend to return to their respective long-term equilibria. The Expected Return on Assets for any funded plan equals the average of the expected returns per asset class weighted by their portfolio weights in accordance with the fund’s strategic asset allocation.
The components of net periodic pension costs were as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Service cost | 17 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 16 |
Interest cost on the projected benefit obligation | 7 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Expected return on plan assets | (5) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Amortization of net (gain) loss | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Curtailments & settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic cost | 27 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 26 |

The components of net periodic pension cost other than the service cost component are included in Other financial income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Plan assets
The actual pension plan asset allocation at December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Asset category: |  |  |
Equity securities | 34 | % |  | 31 | %
Debt securities | 39 | % |  | 43 | %
Insurance contracts | 7 | % |  | 7 | %
Other | 20 | % |  | 19 | %
| 100 | % |  | 100 | %

We met our target plan asset allocation. The investment objectives for the pension plan assets are designed to generate returns that, along with the future contributions, will enable the pension plans to meet their future obligations. The investments in our major defined benefit plans largely consist of government bonds, “Level 2” Corporate Bonds and cash to mitigate the risk of interest fluctuations. The asset mix of equity, bonds, cash and other categories is evaluated by an asset-liability modeling study for our largest plan. The assets of funded plans in other countries mostly have a large proportion of fixed income securities with return characteristics that are aligned with changes in the liabilities caused by discount rate volatility. Total pension plan assets of $224 million include $195 million related to the German and Japanese pension funds.
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The following table summarizes the classification of these assets.

| 2020 |  | 2019
| Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III
Equity securities | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |
Debt securities | 8 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |
Insurance contracts | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 14 |
| 8 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 14 |

The Company currently expects to make $9 million of employer contributions to defined-benefit pension plans and $10 million of expected cash payments in relation to unfunded pension plans in 2021.
Estimated future pension benefit payments
The following benefit payments are expected to be made (including those for funded plans):

2021 | 24 |
2022 | 24 |
2023 | 26 |
2024 | 28 |
2025 | 28 |
Years 2026-2030 | 170 |

Postretirement health care benefits
In addition to providing pension benefits, NXP provides retiree healthcare benefits in the US which are accounted for as defined-benefit plans.
The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at the end of 2020 equals $6 million (2019: $9 million).
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Note 14 - Debt
Long-term debt
The following table summarizes the outstanding long-term debt as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:

| 2020 |  | 2019
| Maturities |  | Amount |  | Effective rate |  | Amount |  | Effective rate
Fixed-rate 4.125% senior unsecured notes | Jun, 2021 |  | — |  |  | 4.125 |  |  | 1,350 |  |  | 4.125 |
Fixed-rate 4.625% senior unsecured notes | Jun, 2022 |  | — |  |  | 4.625 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 4.625 |
Fixed-rate 3.875% senior unsecured notes | Sep, 2022 |  | 1,000 |  |  | 3.875 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 3.875 |
Fixed-rate 4.625% senior unsecured notes | Jun, 2023 |  | 900 |  |  | 4.625 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 4.625 |
Fixed-rate 4.875% senior unsecured notes | Mar, 2024 |  | 1,000 |  |  | 4.875 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 4.875 |
Fixed-rate 2.7% senior unsecured notes | May, 2025 |  | 500 |  |  | 2.700 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed-rate 5.35% senior unsecured notes | Mar, 2026 |  | 500 |  |  | 5.350 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 5.350 |
Fixed-rate 3.875% senior unsecured notes | Jun, 2026 |  | 750 |  |  | 3.875 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 3.875 |
Fixed-rate 3.15% senior unsecured notes | May, 2027 |  | 500 |  |  | 3.150 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed-rate 5.55% senior unsecured notes | Dec, 2028 |  | 500 |  |  | 5.550 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 5.550 |
Fixed-rate 4.3% senior unsecured notes | Jun, 2029 |  | 1,000 |  |  | 4.300 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 4.300 |
Fixed-rate 3.4% senior unsecured notes | May, 2030 |  | 1,000 |  |  | 3.400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Floating-rate revolving credit facility (RCF) | Jun, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total principal |  |  | 7,650 |  |  |  |  | 7,400 |  |  |
Unamortized discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs |  |  | (41) |  |  |  |  | (35) |  |  |
Total debt, including unamortized discounts, premiums, debt issuance costs and fair value adjustments |  |  | 7,609 |  |  |  |  | 7,365 |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  | 7,609 |  |  |  |  | 7,365 |  |  |

| Range of interest rates |  | Average rate of interest |  | Principal amount outstanding 2020 |  | Due in 2021 |  | Due after 2021 |  | Due after 2025 |  | Average remaining term (in years) |  | Principal amount outstanding 2019
USD notes | 2.7%-5.6% |  | 4.2 | % |  | 7,650 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,650 |  |  | 4,250 |  |  | 5.3 |  | 7,400 |
Revolving Credit Facility (1) | — | % |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Bank borrowings | — | % |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  |  | 4.2 | % |  | 7,650 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,650 |  |  | 4,250 |  |  | 5.3 |  | 7,400 |

(1)We do not have any borrowings under the $1,500 million Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
As of December 31, 2020, the following principal amounts of long-term debt are due in the next 5 years:

2021 | — |
2022 | 1,000 |
2023 | 900 |
2024 | 1,000 |
2025 | 500 |
Due after 5 years | 4,250 |
| 7,650 |

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As of December 31, 2020, the book value of our outstanding long-term debt was $7,650 million, less debt issuance costs of $33 million and original issuance/debt discount of $8 million.
As of December 31, 2020, we had no aggregate principal amount of variable interest rate indebtedness under our loan agreements. The remaining tenor of unsecured debt is on average 5.3 years.
Accrued interest as of December 31, 2020 is $57 million (December 31, 2019: $52 million).
2020 Financing Activities
2025, 2027 and 2030 Senior Unsecured Notes
On May 1, 2020, NXP B.V., together with NXP USA Inc. and NXP Funding LLC, issued $500 million of 2.7% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025, $500 million of 3.15% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027 and $1 billion of 3.4% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2030. NXP used the net proceeds of the offering of these notes to repay in full on September 28, 2020, the $1,350 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding 4.125% Senior Notes due 2021 and the $400 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding 4.625% Senior Notes due 2022.
Certain terms and Covenants of the notes
The Company is not required to make mandatory redemption payments or sinking fund payments with respect to the notes.
The indentures governing the notes contain covenants that, among other things, limit the Company’s ability and that of restricted subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, pay dividends, redeem capital stock or make certain other restricted payments or investments; enter into agreements that restrict dividends from restricted subsidiaries; sell assets, including capital stock of restricted subsidiaries; engage in transactions with affiliates; and effect a consolidation or merger. The Company has been in compliance with any such indentures and financing covenants.
No portion of long-term and short-term debt as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 has been secured by collateral on substantially all of the Company’s assets and of certain of its subsidiaries.
We are in compliance with all covenants under our debt agreements as of December 31, 2020.
2019 Cash Convertible Senior Notes
In November 2014, NXP issued $1,150 million principal amount of its 2019 Cash Convertible Senior Notes (the “Notes”). The Cash Convertible Notes matured on December 1, 2019. All of the holders elected to convert their Cash Convertible Notes for settlement on December 2, 2019, and none of the Cash Convertible Notes were repurchased or converted into cash prior to such date.
On December 2, 2019, we repaid the $1,150 million aggregate principal amount of the Cash Convertible Notes using available cash.
In separate transactions, NXP also sold warrants to various parties for the purchase of up to 11.18 million shares of NXP’s common stock at an initial strike price of $133.32 per share in a private placement pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. The warrants expired on various dates ranging from March 2, 2020 to May 26, 2020. During the full period the NXP share price was below the conversion price of the warrants, and as such, none of the warrants have been converted. The Warrants are included in diluted earnings per share to the extent the impact is dilutive. As of December 31, 2020, the Warrants were not dilutive.
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Note 15 – Leases
Operating and finance lease assets relate to buildings (corporate offices, research and development and manufacturing facilities and datacenters), land, machinery and installations and other equipment (vehicles and certain office equipment). These leases, except for land leases, have remaining lease terms of 1 to 30 years (land leases 48 to 90 years), some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. As of December 31, 2020, assets recorded under finance leases amounted to $82 million and accumulated depreciation associated with finance leases was $12 million (2019: $82 million and $9 million, respectively). Finance lease liabilities amounted to $24 million as of December 31, 2020 (December 31, 2019: $25 million).
The components of operating lease expense were as follows

| 2020 |  | 2019
Operating lease cost | 65 |  |  | 59 |
Other information related to operating leases was as follows: |  |  |
Supplemental cash flows information: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | 63 |  |  | 53 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations 1) | 50 |  |  | 279 |
1) $188 million recorded on January 1, 2019 in accordance with the adoption of ASC 842. |  |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term | 6 years |  | 6 years
Weighted average discount rate: | 3 | % |  | 3 | %

Future minimum lease payments for operating leases as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

| As of
| December 31, 2020
2021 | 64 |
2022 | 50 |
2023 | 44 |
2024 | 28 |
2025 | 23 |
Thereafter | 47 |
Total future minimum lease payments | 256 |
Less: imputed interest | (19) |
Total | 237 |

Rent expense amounted to $9 million in 2020 compared to $12 million in 2019 (containing as from 2019 only services related to leased assets as well as short-term leases) and $57 million in 2018 (containing all leases of land and buildings and other equipment as well as related services).
Lease liabilities related to operating leases are split between current and non-current:

| As of December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Other current liabilities | 60 |  |  | 62 |
Other non-current liabilities | 177 |  |  | 176 |
Total | 237 |  |  | 238 |

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Operating lease right-of-use assets are $223 million as of December 31, 2020 (December 31, 2019: $226 million) and are included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Commitments
The Company maintains purchase commitments with certain suppliers, primarily for raw materials, semi-finished goods and manufacturing services and for some non-production items. Purchase commitments for inventory materials are generally restricted to a forecasted time-horizon as mutually agreed upon between the parties. This forecasted time-horizon can vary for different suppliers. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had purchase commitments of $372 million, which are due through 2044.
Litigation
We are regularly involved as plaintiffs or defendants in claims and litigation relating to a variety of matters such as contractual disputes, personal injury claims, employee grievances and intellectual property litigation. In addition, our acquisitions, divestments and financial transactions sometimes result in, or are followed by, claims or litigation. Some of these claims may possibly be recovered from insurance reimbursements. Although the ultimate disposition of asserted claims cannot be predicted with certainty, it is our belief that the outcome of any such claims, either individually or on a combined basis, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position. However, such outcomes may be material to our consolidated statement of operations for a particular period. The Company records an accrual for any claim that arises whenever it considers that it is probable that it is exposed to a loss contingency and the amount of the loss contingency can be reasonably estimated. Legal fees are expensed when incurred.
Based on the most current information available to it and based on its best estimate, the Company also reevaluates at least on a quarterly basis the claims that have arisen to determine whether any new accruals need to be made or whether any accruals made need to be adjusted. Based on the procedures described above, the Company has an aggregate amount of $17 million accrued for potential and current legal proceedings pending as of December 31, 2020, compared to $44 million accrued at December 31, 2019 (without reduction for any related insurance reimbursements). The accruals are included in “Other current liabilities” and “Other non-current liabilities”. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s balance related to insurance reimbursements was $8 million (December 31, 2019: $25 million) and is included in “Other current assets” and “Other non-current assets”.
The Company also estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of the amount accrued based on currently available information for those cases for which such estimate can be made. The estimated aggregate range requires significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings, the existence of multiple defendants (including the Company) in such claims whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the claims, and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such claims. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more than the current estimate. As at December 31, 2020, the Company believes that for all litigation pending its potential aggregate exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued (without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under insurance programs) could range between $0 million and $23 million. Based upon our past experience with these matters, the Company would expect to receive insurance reimbursement on certain of these claims that would offset the potential maximum exposure of up to $15 million.
In addition, the Company is currently assisting Motorola in the defense of personal injury lawsuits due to indemnity obligations included in the agreement that separated Freescale from Motorola in 2004. The multi-plaintiff Motorola lawsuits are pending in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois. These claims allege a link between working in semiconductor manufacturing clean room facilities and birth defects in 18 individuals. The Motorola suits allege exposures between 1981 and 2006. Each claim seeks an unspecified amount of damages for the alleged injuries; however, legal counsel representing the plaintiffs has indicated they will seek substantial compensatory and punitive damages from Motorola for the entire inventory of claims which, if proven and recovered, the Company considers to be material. A portion of any indemnity due to Motorola will be reimbursed to NXP if Motorola receives an indemnification payment from its insurance coverage. Motorola has
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potential insurance coverage for many of the years indicated above, but with differing types and levels of coverage, self-insurance retention amounts and deductibles. We are in discussions with Motorola and their insurers regarding the availability of applicable insurance coverage for each of the individual cases. Motorola and NXP have denied liability for these alleged injuries based on numerous defenses.
Environmental remediation
In each jurisdiction in which we operate, we are subject to many environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that govern, among other things, emissions of pollutants into the air, wastewater discharges, the use and handling of hazardous substances, waste disposal, the investigation and remediation of soil and ground water contamination and the health and safety of our employees. We are also required to obtain environmental permits from governmental authorities for certain of our operations.
As with other companies engaged in similar activities or that own or operate real property, the Company faces inherent risks of environmental liability at our current and historical manufacturing facilities. Certain environmental laws impose liability on current or previous owners or operators of real property for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous substances. Certain of these laws also assess liability on persons who arrange for hazardous substances to be sent to disposal or treatment facilities when such facilities are found to be contaminated.
Soil and groundwater contamination has been identified at our properties in Nijmegen, the Netherlands and near Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The remediation processes at these locations are expected to continue for many years.
As of December 31, 2020, we have recorded $87 million for environmental remediation costs, which are primarily included in other non-current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. This amount represents the undiscounted future cash flows of our estimated share of costs incurred in environmental cleanup sites without considering recovery of costs from any other party or insurer, since in most cases potentially responsible parties other than us may exist and be held responsible.
Note 17 - Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings per Share
The share capital of the Company as of December 31, 2020 consists of 1,076,257,500 authorized shares, including 430,503,000 authorized shares of common stock, and 645,754,500 authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock.
In October 2018, the board of directors of NXP, as authorized by the annual general meeting of shareholders ("AGM"), approved the repurchase of shares as long as the total number of shares held by NXP in treasury does not exceed 20% (approximately 69 million shares) of the number of shares issued. During the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2019, NXP repurchased 15.9 million shares, for a total of approximately $1.4 billion, and during the year-ended December 31, 2020, NXP repurchased 4.8 million shares, for a total of approximately $0.6 billion. As approved by the board of directors, on November 27, 2019, NXP cancelled some 13.2 million shares and on December 15, 2020, NXP cancelled 26 million shares. As a result, the number of issued NXP shares as per December 31, 2019 is 315,519,638 shares and as per December 31, 2020, the Company has issued and paid up 289,519,638 shares of common stock each having a par value of €0.20 or a nominal stock capital of €58 million (2019: €63 million).
Cash dividends
The following dividends were declared in 2020, 2019 and 2018 under NXP’s quarterly dividend program which was introduced as of the third quarter of 2018:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Dividends declared (in millions) | 420 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 147 |
Dividends declared (per share) | 1.50 |  |  | 1.25 |  |  | 0.50 |

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Share-based awards
The Company has granted share-based awards to the members of our board of directors, management team, our other executives, selected other key employees/talents of NXP and selected new hires to receive the Company’s shares in the future. See Note 18, “Share-based Compensation”.
Treasury shares
From time to time, last on June 17, 2019, the General Meeting of Shareholders authorizes the Board of Directors to repurchase shares of our common stock. On that basis, for the first time in 2011 and latest effective November 19, 2019, the Board of Directors executed various share repurchase programs. In accordance with the Company’s policy to provide share-based awards from its treasury share inventory, shares which have been repurchased and are held in treasury for delivery upon exercise of options and under restricted and performance share programs, are accounted for as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Treasury shares are recorded at cost, representing the market price on the acquisition date. When issued, shares are removed from treasury shares on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis.
Differences between the cost and the proceeds received when treasury shares are reissued, are recorded in capital in excess of par value. Deficiencies in excess of net gains arising from previous treasury share issuances are charged to retained earnings.
The following transactions took place resulting from employee option and share plans:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Total shares in treasury at beginning of year | 34,082,242 |  |  | 35,913,021 |  |  | 3,078,470 |
Total cost | 3,037 |  |  | 3,238 |  |  | 342 |
Shares acquired under repurchase program | 4,828,913 |  |  | 15,865,718 |  |  | 54,376,181 |
Average price in $ per share | 129.7 |  |  | 90.94 |  |  | 92.07 |
Amount paid | 627 |  |  | 1,443 |  |  | 5,006 |
Shares delivered | 3,866,203 |  |  | 4,513,416 |  |  | 4,241,487 |
Average price in $ per share | 94.26 |  |  | 93.55 |  |  | 107.75 |
Amount received | 71 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 39 |
Shares retired | 26,000,000 |  |  | 13,183,081 |  |  | 17,300,143 |
Total shares in treasury at end of year | 9,044,952 |  |  | 34,082,242 |  |  | 35,913,021 |
Total cost | 1,037 |  |  | 3,037 |  |  | 3,238 |

Shareholder tax on repurchased shares
Under Dutch tax law, the repurchase of a company’s shares by an entity in the Netherlands is a taxable event (unless exemptions apply). The tax on the repurchased shares is attributed to the shareholders, with NXP making the payment on the shareholders’ behalf. As such, the tax on the repurchased shares is accounted for within stockholders’ equity.
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The computation of earnings per share (EPS) is presented in the following table:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) | 80 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 2,258 |
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | 28 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 50 |
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders | 52 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 2,208 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (after deduction of treasury shares) during the year (in thousands) | 279,763 |  |  | 282,056 |  |  | 325,781 |
Plus incremental shares from assumed conversion of: |  |  |  |  |
Options 1) | 526 |  |  | 776 |  |  | 1,145 |
Restricted Share Units, Performance Share Units and Equity Rights 2) | 3,520 |  |  | 3,079 |  |  | 1,680 |
Dilutive potential common share | 4,046 |  |  | 3,855 |  |  | 2,825 |
Adjusted weighted average number of shares outstanding (after deduction of treasury shares) during the year (in thousands) 1) | 283,809 |  |  | 285,911 |  |  | 328,606 |
EPS attributable to stockholders in $: |  |  |  |  |
Basic net income (loss) | 0.19 |  |  | 0.86 |  |  | 6.78 |
Diluted net income (loss) | 0.18 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | 6.72 |

1)No stock options to purchase shares of NXP’s common stock that were outstanding in 2020 (2019: 0.1 million shares; 2018: 0.1 million shares) were anti-dilutive and were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the exercise price was greater than the average fair market value of the common stock or the number of shares assumed to be repurchased using the proceeds of unrecognized compensation expense and exercise prices was greater than the weighted average number of shares underlying outstanding stock options.
2)Unvested RSU’s, PSU’s and equity rights of 0.6 million shares that were outstanding in 2020 (2019: 0.7 million shares; 2018: 0.9 million shares) were anti-dilutive and were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the number of shares assumed to be repurchased using the proceeds of unrecognized compensation expense was greater than the weighted average number of outstanding unvested RSU’s, PSU’s and equity rights or the performance goal has not been met.
Note 18 - Share-based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense is included in the following line items in our statement of operations:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of revenue | 45 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 40 |
Research and development | 159 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 133 |
Selling, general and administrative | 180 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 141 |
| 384 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 314 |

The income tax (expense) benefit recognized in net income related to share-based compensation expenses was $32 million (includes $10 million of excess tax benefits), $27 million (includes $3 million of excess tax benefits) and $27 million (includes $4 million of excess tax benefits) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Long Term Incentive Plans (LTIP’s)
The LTIP was introduced in 2010 and is a broad-based long-term retention program to attract, retain and motivate talented employees as well as align stockholder and employee interests. The LTIP provides share-based compensation (“awards”) to both our eligible employees and non-employee directors. Awards that may be granted include performance shares, stock options and restricted shares. On October 27, 2020, the Company granted PSU awards to certain executives of the Company with a performance measure of Relative Total Shareholder Return (“Relative TSR”). Each PSU, which cliff vests on the third anniversary of the date of grant, entitles the grant recipient to receive from 0 to 2 common shares for each of the target units awarded based on the Relative TSR of the Company's share price as compared to a set of peer companies. The Company estimates
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the fair value of the PSUs using a Monte Carlo valuation model, utilizing assumptions underlying the Black-Scholes methodology. The grant date fair value was $167.64 per PSU. The fair value of the PSUs is recognized as compensation cost over the service period of 3 years. Awards granted generally will become fully vested upon a termination event occurring within one year following a change in control, as defined. A termination event is defined as either termination of employment or services other than for cause or constructive termination resulting from a significant reduction in either the nature or scope of duties and responsibilities, a reduction in compensation or a required relocation. The number of shares authorized and available for awards at December 31, 2020 was 26.1 million.
A charge of $376 million was recorded in 2020 for the LTIP (2019: $339 million; 2018: $307 million).
A summary of the activity for our LTIP’s during 2020 is presented below.
Stock options
The options have a strike price equal to the closing share price on the grant date. The fair value of the options has been calculated using the Black-Scholes formula, using the following assumptions:
•an expected life varying from 5.98 to 6.25 years, calculated in accordance with the guidance provided in SEC Staff bulletin No. 110 for plain vanilla options using the simplified method, since our equity shares have been publicly traded for only a limited period of time and we did not have sufficient historical exercise data at the grant date of the options;
•a risk-free interest rate varying from 1.2% to 1.9% (2019: 1.0% to 1.9%; 2018: 0.8% to 2.1%);
•no expected dividend payments; and
•a volatility of 42 – 45% based on the volatility of a set of peer companies. Peer company data was used given the short period of time our shares had been publicly traded.
Above assumptions were valid at the moment NXP granted the options. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

| Stock options |  | Weighted average exercise price in USD |  | Weighted average remaining contractual term |  | Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at January 1, 2020 | 1,202,909 |  |  | 52.08 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | 547,174 |  |  | 47.77 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | 11,401 |  |  | 35.53 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 644,334 |  |  | 56.03 |  |  | 3.46 |  | 66 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 | 644,334 |  |  | 56.03 |  |  | 3.46 |  | 66 |

No options were granted in 2020, 2019 and 2018.
The intrinsic value of the exercised options was $45 million (2019: $48 million; 2018: $59 million), whereas the amount received by NXP was $26 million (2019: $45 million; 2018: $30 million). The tax benefit realized from stock options exercised during fiscal 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $33 million, $31 million, and $34 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2020, there were no (2019: none) unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options.
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Performance share units
Financial performance conditions

| Shares |  | Weighted average grant date fair value in USD
Outstanding at January 1, 2020 | 195,098 |  |  | 75.60 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | 195,098 |  |  | 75.60 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | — |  |  | — |

Market performance conditions

| Shares |  | Weighted average grant date fair value in USD
Outstanding at January 1, 2020 | 1,844,187 |  |  | 125.61 |
Granted | 335,567 |  |  | 164.92 |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | 48,060 |  |  | 125.28 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 2,131,694 |  |  | 131.81 |

In 2020, the weighted average grant date fair value of performance share units granted was $164.92 (2019: $141.64; 2018: $121.18).
No performance share units vested in 2020 (the fair value of the performance share units at the time of vesting in 2019: none ; 2018: $6 million).
At December 31, 2020, there was a total of $89 million (2019: $135 million; 2018: $143 million) of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested performance share units. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years (2019: 2.0 years; 2018: 2.6 years).
Restricted share units

| Shares |  | Weighted average grant date fair value in USD
Outstanding at January 1, 2020 | 6,006,591 |  |  | 102.20 |
Granted | 2,616,364 |  |  | 129.05 |
Vested | 2,863,408 |  |  | 102.73 |
Forfeited | 366,861 |  |  | 103.86 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 5,392,686 |  |  | 114.83 |

The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted share units granted in 2020 was $129.05 (2019: $111.62; 2018: $84.77). The fair value of the restricted share units at the time of vesting was $372 million (2019: $325 million; 2018: $263 million).
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At December 31, 2020, there was a total of $502 million (2019: $501 million; 2018: $484 million) of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted share units. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years (2019: 1.5 years; 2018: 1.5 years).
Note 19 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Total comprehensive income (loss) represents net income (loss) plus the results of certain equity changes not reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and their corresponding changes are shown below:

| Currency translation differences |  | Change in fair value cash flow hedges |  | Net actuarial gain/(losses) |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)
As of December 31, 2018 | 218 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (92) |  |  |  |  | 123 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (15) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (54) |  |  |  |  | (75) |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 13 |
Income tax effects | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | 14 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (15) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (38) |  |  |  |  | (48) |
As of December 31, 2019 | 203 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (130) |  |  |  |  | 75 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 78 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (63) |  |  |  |  | 30 |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (4) |
Income tax effects | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | 16 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 78 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (45) |  |  |  |  | 42 |
As of December 31, 2020 | 281 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (175) |  |  |  |  | 117 |

Note 20 - Related-party Transactions
The Company’s related parties are the members of the board of directors of NXP Semiconductors N.V., the members of the management team of NXP Semiconductors N.V. and equity-accounted investees and, up to July 26, 2018, Qualcomm Incorporated.
The following table presents the amounts related to revenue and other income and purchase of goods and services incurred in transactions with these related parties:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue and other income | 54 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 133 |
Purchase of goods and services | 36 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 106 |

The following table presents the amounts related to receivable and payable balances with these related parties:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Receivables | 3 |  |  | 21 |
Payables | 7 |  |  | 9 |

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Note 21 - Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of our financial instruments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  |  | Estimated fair value
| Fair value hierarchy |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | 1 |  |  | 1,469 |  |  | 6 |
Marketable equity securities | 1 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 1 |
Derivative instruments-assets | 2 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 10 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments-liabilities | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Investments in money market funds (as part of our cash and cash equivalents) and marketable equity securities (as part of other non-current assets) have fair value measurements which are all based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. For derivatives (as part of other current assets or accrued liabilities) the fair value is based upon significant other observable inputs depending on the nature of the derivative.
Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis
We measure and record our non-marketable equity securities, equity method investments and non-financial assets, such as intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, at fair value when an impairment charge is required.
Assets and liabilities not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis
Financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include non-marketable equity securities and equity method investments that have not been remeasured or impaired in the current period and debt.
As of December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of debt, including the current portion, was $8.6 billion ($7.9 billion as of December 31, 2019). The fair value is estimated on the basis of broker-dealer quotes, which are Level 2 inputs. Accrued interest is included under accrued liabilities and not within the carrying amount or estimated fair value of debt.
Note 22 - Other Financial Instruments, Derivatives and Currency Risk
We conduct business in diverse markets around the world and employ a variety of risk management strategies and techniques to manage foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risks. Our risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on our operating results. One way we achieve this is through the active hedging of risks through the selective use of derivative instruments.
Derivatives are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value which fluctuates based on changing market conditions.
The Company does not purchase or hold financial derivative instruments for trading purposes.
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Currency risk
The Company’s transactions are denominated in a variety of currencies. The Company uses financial instruments to reduce its exposure to the effects of currency fluctuations. Accordingly, the Company’s organizations identify and measure their exposures from transactions denominated in other than their own functional currency. We calculate our net exposure on a cash flow basis considering balance sheet items, actual orders received or made and anticipated revenue and expenses. The Company generally hedges foreign currency exposures in relation to transaction exposures, such as receivables/payables resulting from such transactions and part of anticipated sales and purchases. The Company generally uses forwards to hedge these exposures. As of January 1, 2016, as a result of the acquisition of Freescale, NXP has concluded that the functional currency of the holding company is USD. Beginning from January 1, 2016, our U.S. dollar-denominated notes and short term loans will no longer need to be re-measured. Prior to January 1, 2016, the U.S. dollar-denominated debt held by our Dutch subsidiary (which had at that time a euro functional currency) could have generated adverse currency results in financial income and expenses depending on the exchange rate movement between the euro and the U.S. dollar. This exposure was partially mitigated by the application of net investment hedge accounting, which had been applied since May 2011. The U.S. dollar exposure of the net investment in U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries was hedged by certain of our U.S. dollar denominated debt. The hedging relationship was assumed to be highly effective. Foreign currency gains or losses on this U.S. dollar debt that were recorded in a euro functional currency entity that were designated as, and to the extent they were effective, as a hedge of the net investment in our U.S. dollar foreign entities, were reported as a translation adjustment in other comprehensive income within equity, and offset in whole or in part the foreign currency changes to the net investment that were also reported in other comprehensive income. Absent the application of net investment hedging, these amounts would have been recorded as a loss within financial income (expense) in the statement of operations.
Note 23 - Segments and Geographical Information
As discussed in Note 1, we changed our reporting segments to better align with our organizational structure and with the way our chief operating decision maker makes operating decisions, allocates resources, and manages the growth and profitability of the business.
Revenue attributed to geographic areas is based on the customer’s shipped-to location. Long-lived assets include Property and equipment, net, which were based on the physical location of the assets as of the end of each year.
Geographical Information

| Revenue |  | Property, plant and equipment, net
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
China | 3,324 |  |  | 3,147 |  |  | 3,430 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 287 |
Netherlands | 222 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 214 |
United States | 750 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 919 |  |  | 766 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 782 |
Singapore | 1,064 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 298 |
Germany | 483 |  |  | 526 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 55 |
Japan | 647 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 735 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
South Korea | 327 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 357 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Malaysia | 95 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 373 |
Other countries | 1,700 |  |  | 1,856 |  |  | 1,754 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 427 |
| 8,612 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | 9,407 |  |  | 2,284 |  |  | 2,448 |  |  | 2,436 |

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Supplementary Financial Data (unaudited)
NXP Semiconductors N.V.
Financial Information by Quarter (unaudited)

(In millions, except per share amounts) | 2020 for Quarter Ended
|  | December 31 |  | September 27 |  | June 28 |  | March 29
Revenue |  | 2,507 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  | 1,817 |  |  | 2,021 |
Gross profit |  | 1,288 |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | 860 |  |  | 997 |
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders |  | 309 |  |  | (22) |  |  | (214) |  |  | (21) |
Earnings per share - Basic |  | 1.10 |  |  | (0.08) |  |  | (0.77) |  |  | (0.08) |
Earnings per share - Diluted |  | 1.08 |  |  | (0.08) |  |  | (0.77) |  |  | (0.08) |
Dividends per share of common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Declared |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |
- Paid |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |

(In millions, except per share amounts) | 2019 for Quarter Ended
|  | December 31 |  | September 29 |  | June 30 |  | March 31
Revenue |  | 2,301 |  |  | 2,265 |  |  | 2,217 |  |  | 2,094 |
Gross profit |  | 1,209 |  |  | 1,186 |  |  | 1,151 |  |  | 1,072 |
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders |  | 114 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 41 |  |  | (21) |
Earnings per share - Basic |  | 0.41 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 0.15 |  |  | (0.07) |
Earnings per share - Diluted |  | 0.40 |  |  | 0.38 |  |  | 0.14 |  |  | (0.07) |
Dividends per share of common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Declared |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | 0.25 |
- Paid |  | 0.375 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | 0.25 |

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, conducted an evaluation pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we filed or submitted under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and included controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in such reports was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance, not absolute assurance, regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)” by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that assessment our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
It should be noted that any control system, regardless of how well it is designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Control systems can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. In addition, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young Accountants LLP, has issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 2020, which were identified in connection with management's evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information regarding our directors and executive officers appears under the captions "Board of Directors" and "Executive Officers," respectively, in Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Information regarding certain corporate governance and other matters appearing under the captions "Corporate Governance," "How our Board Governs and Is Governed" and "Item 3: (Re-)appointment of Directors," in the 2021 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2020 in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Company’s 2021 annual meeting of shareholders, are incorporated herein by reference.
The Rules Governing the Board adopted by our Board of Directors, as well as the charters of each of the Audit Committee, the Governance and Nominating Committee and the Compensation Committee and the Code of Ethics are posted on the "Investors—Corporate Governance" section of our website at www.nxp.com.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The sections entitled “Executive Compensation” and “Non-Employee Director Compensation” in our 2021 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2020, are incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The sections entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our 2021 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2020, are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information under the captions "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions," "Item 3: (Re-)appointment of Directors" and "How our Board Governs and Is Governed" in the 2021 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2020, are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information under the captions "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm," “Auditors' fees” and "Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies" in the 2021 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2020, are incorporated herein by reference.
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) 1. Financial Statements:
See "List of Financial Statements" within the Consolidated Financial Statements
(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedules:
Not applicable or the required information is otherwise included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.
(a) 3. Exhibits:
The exhibits listed on the index below are filed as part of, or hereby incorporated by reference into, this Form 10-K.

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Document
3.1 |  | Articles of Association of NXP Semiconductors N.V. dated June 9, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on July 28, 2020)
4.1* |  | Description of the Company’s securities
4.2 |  | Senior Indenture dated as of May 23, 2016, between NXP B.V. and NXP Funding LLC as Issuers, each of the guarantors party thereto and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 of the Form 6-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on August 2, 2016)
4.3 |  | Senior Indenture dated as of August 11, 2016, among NXP B.V. and NXP Funding LLC as Issuers, each of the guarantors party thereto and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.21 of the Form 20-F of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on March 3, 2017)
4.4 |  | Senior Indenture dated as of December 6, 2018, among NXP B.V., NXP Funding LLC, each of the guarantors party thereto and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 of the Form 20-F of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on March 1, 2019)
4.5 |  | Senior Indenture dated as of June 18, 2019, among NXP B.V., NXP Funding LLC, NXP USA, Inc. as Issuers, NXP Semiconductors N.V. as Guarantor and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 of the Form 6-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on July 30, 2019)

111

4.6 |  | S enior Indenture, dated as of May 1, 2020, among NXP B.V., NXP Funding LLC, NXP USA, Inc. as Issuers, NXP Semiconductors N.V. as Guarantor and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on May 1, 2020)
4.7* |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 6, 2018, among NXP B.V. and NXP Funding LLC as Issuers, NXP Semiconductors N.V., NXP Semiconductors Netherlands B.V. and NXP USA, Inc. as Guarantors and Barclays Capital Inc. and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, as Representatives of the Initial Purchasers
4.8* |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 18, 2019, among NXP B.V., NXP Semiconductors N.V., NXP Funding LLC and NXP USA, Inc. and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC as Representatives of the Initial Purchasers
4.9 |  | Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 1, 2020, among NXP B.V., NXP Semiconductors N.V., NXP Funding LLC and NXP USA, Inc. and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, as Representatives of the Initial Purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on May 1, 2020)
10.1 |  | Intellectual Property Transfer and License Agreement dated as of September 28, 2006 between Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. and NXP B.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on June 30, 2010 (File No. 333-166128))
10.2 |  | Intellectual Property Transfer and License Agreement dated as of November 16, 2009 among NXP B.V., Virage Logic Corporation and VL C.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on June 30, 2010 (File No. 333-166128))
10.3 |  | Shareholders’ agreement dated as of March 30, 1999, as amended among EBD Investments Pte. Ltd., Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on June 30, 2010 (File No. 333-166128))
10.4 |  | Lease Agreement dated as of December 23, 2004 between Jurong Town Corporation and Systems on Silicon Manufacturing Company Pte. Ltd. for the property at No. 70 Pasir Ris Drive 1, Singapore (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on June 10, 2010 (File No. 333-166128))
10.5+ |  | Long Term Incentive Plan 2012/3 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Stock Option Plan, the Performance Stock Unit Plan, Restricted Stock Unit Plan and Share Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the Form 20-F of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on March 1, 2013). Long Term Incentive Plan 2013/4 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Stock Option Plan, the Performance Stock Unit Plan and Restricted Stock Unit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the Form 20-F of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on February 28, 2014). Long Term Incentive Plan 2014/5 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Stock Option Plan, the Performance Stock Unit Plan, the Restricted Stock Unit Plan and the Keep Restricted Stock Unit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the Form 20-F of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on March 6, 2015). Long Term Incentive Plan 2015/6 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Stock Option Plan, the Performance Stock Unit Plan and the Restricted Stock Unit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the Form 20-F of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on February 26, 2016). Long Term Incentive Plan 2016/17 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Restricted Stock Unit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the Form 20-F of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on March 3, 2017). Long Term Incentive Plan 2017/18 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Restricted Stock Unit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of the Form S-8 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on October 25, 2017 (File No. 333-221118)). Long Term Incentive Plan 2018/19 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Performance Stock Units Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 of the Form S-8 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on September 14, 2018 (File No. 333-227332)). Long Term Incentive Plan 2018/19 Terms and Conditions with regard to the Restricted Stock Units Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.12 of the Form S-8 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on September 14, 2018 (File No. 333-227332))

112

10.6+ |  | NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Form S-8 of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on September 10, 2019 (File No. 333-233694))
10.7+ |  | Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 10-Q of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on October 29, 2019)
10.8+ |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Form 10-Q of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on October 29, 2019)
10.9+ |  | Form of Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Form 10-Q of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on October 29, 2019)
10.10+ |  | Employment Agreement between NXP B.V. and Mr. R.L. Clemmer dated July 17, 2009, and amendments dated October 16, 2013 and November 28, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on February 27, 2020)
10.11+ |  | Employment Letter between NXP USA, Inc. and Peter Kelly dated August 17, 2018 and Employment Agreement between NXP Semiconductors N.V. and Mr. P Kelly effective June 19, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on February 27, 2020)
10.12+ |  | Form of 2015/2016 MT Grant Letter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on February 27, 2020)
10.13+ |  | Form of 2018 MT Annual Grant Letter (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on February 27, 2020)
10.14+ |  | Summary of MT Change of Control Severance Arrangement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on February 27, 2020)
10.15+ |  | Summary of MT Death Benefit Arrangement related to Equity Awards (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on February 27, 2020)
10.16 |  | Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of June 11, 2019, among NXP B.V. and NXP Funding LLC, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto, Barclays Bank PLC as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 of the Form 6-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on July 30, 2019)
10.17 |  | Guaranty, dated as of June 11, 2019, made by NXP Semiconductors N.V. and NXP USA, Inc. and Barclays Bank PLC, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 of the Form 6-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V. filed on July 30, 2019)
10.18+ |  | Management Agreement dated March 5, 2020 between the Company and Kurt Sievers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on March 9, 2020)
10.19+ |  | Secondment Addendum dated March 5, 2020 between NXP Semiconductors Germany GmbH and Kurt Sievers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on March 9, 2020)
10.20+ |  | Agreement dated March 5, 2020 between NXP USA, Inc. and Richard L. Clemmer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on March 9, 2020)
10.21+ |  | Employment Agreement dated October 23, 2009 between NXP Semiconductors Germany GmbH and Kurt Sievers, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on April 28, 2020)
10.22+ |  | Employment Agreement dated March 18, 2013 between NXP Semiconductors N.V. and Steve Owen (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on April 28, 2020)

113

10.23 |  | Purchase Agreement, dated April 29, 2020, among the Issuers, the Company and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, as Initial Purchasers. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on May 1, 2020)
10.24+ |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NXP Semiconductors N.V., filed on October 27, 2020)
10.25*+ |  | Form of Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement
21.1* |  | List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1* |  | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
23.2* |  | Consent of KPMG Accountants N.V.
31.1* |  | Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2* |  | Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1* |  | Section 1350 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
101 |  | The following financial information from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* |  | Filed or furnished herewith.
+ |  | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangements.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 25, 2021 |  |
|  | NXP Semiconductors N.V.
By: |  | /s/ PETER KELLY
|  | Peter Kelly, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

114

Power of Attorney
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints each of Jennifer Wuamett and Jean A.W. Schreurs, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, in connection with this Annual Report on Form 10-K, to sign any and all amendments to the Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on February 25, 2021.

/s/KURT SIEVERS |  | /s/PETER KELLY
Kurt Sievers |  | Peter Kelly
Executive Director, President and Chief Executive Officer |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) |  | (Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/SIR PETER BONFIELD |  | /s/KENNETH A. GOLDMAN
Sir Peter Bonfield |  | Kenneth A. Goldman
Non-executive Director and Chairman of the Board |  | Non-executive Director
/s/JOSEF KAESER |  | /s/LENA OLVING
Josef Kaeser |  | Lena Olving
Non-executive Director |  | Non-executive Director
/s/PETER SMITHAM |  | /s/JULIE SOUTHERN
Peter Smitham |  | Julie Southern
Non-executive Director |  | Non-executive Director
/s/JASMIN STAIBLIN |  | /s/GREGORY L. SUMME
Jasmin Staiblin |  | Gregory L. Summe
Non-executive Director |  | Non-executive Director
/s/KARL-HENRIK SUNDSTRÖM |  |
Karl-Henrik Sundström |  |
Non-executive Director |  |

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