<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-26-054113.txt : 20260501
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-26-054113.hdr.sgml : 20260501
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20260501160529
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-26-054113
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		21
FILED AS OF DATE:		20260501
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20260501

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001346830
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-295496
		FILM NUMBER:		26932429

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		3 SUGAR CREEK CTR. BLVD.
		STREET 2:		STE 525
		CITY:			SUGAR LAND
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77478
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(713) 489-8654

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		3 SUGAR CREEK CTR. BLVD.
		STREET 2:		STE 525
		CITY:			SUGAR LAND
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77478

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Cara Therapeutics, Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20100721

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Cara Therapeutics Inc
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20051213
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
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    <title>tm2613101-1_s3 - none - 5.0504782s</title>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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        <div style="text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May&#160;1, 2026</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:3pt; text-align:right; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Registration No. 333-&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;</font>&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:3.2pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 3.2pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="margin-top:6.71pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:14.5pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">UNITED STATES </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:1pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Washington, D.C. 20549</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">FORM S-3</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT </font>
          <br >
          <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">UNDER</font><font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;"> </font>
          <br >
          <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:7.21pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 7.20999999999998pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="margin-top:7.7pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:15pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:-1pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8pt;font-size:7pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.14pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</font><font style="font-size:8pt;">&#8203;<font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font></font>
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        <div style="margin-top:7.2pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 7.19999999999999pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Delaware</font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1.11pt 0pt; width:264.65pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">75-3175693</font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:7pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:7pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1.11pt 0pt; width:264.66pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.14pt;">(State or other jurisdiction of</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.14pt;">incorporation or organization) </font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1.11pt 0pt; width:264.65pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.14pt;">(I.R.S. Employer</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.14pt;">Identification Number)</font>
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        <div style="margin-top:10.7pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd. </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Suite 525 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Sugar Land, TX 77478 </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">(713) 489-8654 </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.14pt;">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices)</font><font style="font-size:8pt;">&#8203;<font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font></font>
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          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 6.19999999999999pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Imran Alibhai</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Chief Executive Officer</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd.</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Suite 525</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Sugar Land, TX 77478</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">(713) 489-8654 </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:0.7pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8pt;font-size:7pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.14pt;">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</font><font style="font-size:8pt;">&#8203;<font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font></font>
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        <div style="margin-top:6.3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 6.30000000000001pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Copies to:</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:4pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Divakar Gupta</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Madison A. Jones</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Cooley LLP</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">55 Hudson Yards</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">New York, NY 10001</font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">(212) 479-6000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public)</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.16pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:6.3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 6.30000000000001pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5.8pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.&#160;&#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&#160;415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. &#9746; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule&#160;462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&#160;462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule&#160;462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule&#160;413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act. </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:244.66pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:8pt; text-align:left; width:96pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Large accelerated filer</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:8pt; text-align:left; margin-left:96pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">&#9744; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:244.65pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:8pt; text-align:left; width:113pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Accelerated filer</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:8pt; text-align:left; margin-left:113pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">&#9744; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:7.98000000000002pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.013pt 0pt 0.597pt 0pt; width:244.66pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:8pt; text-align:left; width:96pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Non-accelerated filer</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:8pt; text-align:left; margin-left:96pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">&#9746; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.013pt 0pt 0.597pt 0pt; width:244.65pt;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:8pt; text-align:left; width:113pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Smaller reporting company</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:8pt; text-align:left; margin-left:113pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">&#9746; </font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:7.98000000000002pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:244.66pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.003pt 0pt 0.597pt 0pt; width:244.65pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div style=" float:left; line-height:8pt; text-align:left; width:113pt;white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Emerging growth company</font>
                <br >
              </div>
              <div style=" line-height:8pt; text-align:left; margin-left:113pt;">
                <!--blacklining:none;-->
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">&#9744;</font>
              </div>
              <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:10.81pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:10.3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 10.3000000000001pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5.8pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&#160;8(a) of the Securities Act or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section&#160;8(a), may determine.</font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:3.3pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 3.29999999999995pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:1.8pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 1.80000000000007pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;height:660pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXPLANATORY NOTE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This registration statement contains: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a base prospectus, which covers the offering, issuance and sale of up to $200,000,000 in the aggregate of the registrant&#8217;s common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants from time to time in one or more offerings; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a sales agreement prospectus, which covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $12,500,000 of the registrant&#8217;s common stock that may be issued and sold from time to time under a Capital on Demand&#8482; Sales Agreement (the &#8220;Sales Agreement&#8221;), with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (&#8220;Jones&#8221;). </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any other securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be specified in one or more prospectus supplements to the base prospectus. The sales agreement prospectus immediately follows the base prospectus. The $12,500,000 of common stock that may be offered, issued and sold under the sales agreement prospectus is included in the $200,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by us under the base prospectus. Upon termination of the Sales Agreement with Jones, any portion of the $12,500,000 included in the sales agreement prospectus that is not sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement, and if no shares are sold under the Sales Agreement, the full $200,000,000 of securities included in the base prospectus may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;margin-bottom:35.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;min-height:775.71pt;page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="position:absolute;top:738.85pt;left:48.64pt;height:30pt;width:706.02pt;transform-origin:0pt -0pt;transform:rotate(-90deg) translate(0%, 0%);">
        <div style="text-align:justify; width:706pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.08pt;">The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission declares our registration statement effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</font><font style="color:#000000;letter-spacing:-0.08pt;"> </font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;min-height:706pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:87.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 1, 2026</font><font style="font-weight:normal;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="position:relative;margin-top:10pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <img src="lg_tvardi-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: lg_tvardi-4c.jpg]" height="54" width="135" >
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:16.4pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">$200,000,000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:6pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:15.5pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Preferred Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Debt Securities </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:11.167pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:11.7pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">From time to time, we may offer and sell up to $200,000,000 of any combination of shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, debt securities and warrants to purchase any of such securities, in one or more offerings as described in this prospectus. We may also offer securities as may be issuable upon conversion, redemption, repurchase, exchange or exercise of any securities registered hereunder, including any applicable antidilution provisions. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities, we will specify in an accompanying prospectus supplement the terms of the securities being offered. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference, before you invest in any of the securities being offered. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; under the federal securities laws and, as such, are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. See &#8220;Summary&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company.&#8221; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:10.21pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:11.7pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) under the symbol &#8220;TVRD.&#8221; On April&#160;30, 2026, the last quoted sale price for our common stock as reported on Nasdaq was $3.15. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information as to any other listing on Nasdaq or any securities market or other exchange of the securities, if any, covered by the prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell these securities directly to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers, on a continuous or delayed basis. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section titled &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; in this prospectus. If any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such agents or underwriters and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts or over-allotment options will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:10.31pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8.8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; on page <a href="#sRIFA">6</a> of this prospectus and contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:18.3pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:21.81pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The date of this prospectus is &#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;, 2026.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="TOC">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:364pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:218.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;text-align:center;" colspan="4">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Page </font>
              </div>
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            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sATP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </font></a>
              </div>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sATP">ii</a></font><a href="#sATP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sSUM"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SUMMARY </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sSUM">1</a></font><a href="#sSUM"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sRIFA"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sRIFA">6</a></font><a href="#sRIFA"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sSNRF"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sSNRF">7</a></font><a href="#sSNRF"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sUOP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sUOP">9</a></font><a href="#sUOP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sDOCS"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sDOCS">10</a></font><a href="#sDOCS"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sDODS"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sDODS">15</a></font><a href="#sDODS"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:427.33pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#sDOW"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:3.335pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sDOW">22</a></font><a href="#sDOW"> </a>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sLOOS">24</a></font><a href="#sLOOS"> </a>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sPOD">27</a></font><a href="#sPOD"> </a>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sLEMA">29</a></font><a href="#sLEMA"> </a>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sEXP">29</a></font><a href="#sEXP"> </a>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#sWYCF">29</a></font><a href="#sWYCF"> </a>
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                <a href="#sIOCI"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE </font></a>
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        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">i</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sATP">&#8203;</a>
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        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus is a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) utilizing a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, from time to time, in one or more offerings the securities described in this prospectus up to a total dollar amount of $200,000,000. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of these securities and offerings. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in any documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should read this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading &#8220;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference,&#8221; before investing in any of the securities offered. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Neither we, nor any agent, underwriter or dealer has authorized any person to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. This prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus, any applicable supplement to this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221; </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We obtained the industry and market data in this prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference herein, from our own research as well as from industry and general publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. These data involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate is necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and elsewhere in this prospectus, any related prospectus supplement, documents incorporated by reference into&#160;this prospectus and any related free writing prospectuses. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus and any related prospectus supplement, including the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement, include trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or others. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any related prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectuses are the property of their respective owners.</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ii</font>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sSUM">&#8203;</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
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          <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SUMMARY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, including the risks of investing in our securities discussed under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; on page <a href="#sRIFA">6</a> of this prospectus and contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should also carefully read the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;Tvardi,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. </font>
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          <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Company Overview</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel, oral, small molecule therapies targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (&#8220;STAT3&#8221;) to treat inflammatory and proliferative diseases with significant unmet need. Based upon our founders&#8217; seminal work and deep understanding of the transcription factor STAT3, we have designed an innovative approach to directly inhibit STAT3, a highly validated, yet historically undruggable target. Leveraging this expertise, we are developing a pipeline of STAT3 inhibitors with a differentiated mechanism of action and convenient oral dosing. </font>
          </div>
          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our pipeline includes two oral, small molecule STAT3 inhibitors: TTI-101 and TTI-109. TTI-101 is our first-generation direct STAT3 inhibitor, currently in Phase&#160;1b/2 clinical development in hepatocellular carcinoma (&#8220;HCC&#8221;). TTI-109 is a phosphate prodrug of TTI-101 that is mechanistically identical to its parent molecule but is designed to enhance our ability to target STAT3. We have been developing TTI-109 for several&#160;years, based on our recognition that retaining the full STAT3 inhibition mechanism of TTI-101 while enhancing delivery would broaden the potential utility of our platform across inflammatory and proliferative indications. We filed an Investigational New Drug (&#8220;IND&#8221;) application for TTI-109 in June&#160;2025 and, following FDA acceptance, initiated a Phase&#160;1 trial in healthy volunteers evaluating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and bioequivalence to TTI-101. We expect to report topline data from this trial in the second quarter of 2026, after which we intend to announce the clinical indication in which we plan to advance TTI-109. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are currently enrolling patients in the REVERT LIVER CANCER Phase&#160;1b/2 clinical trial of TTI-101 in patients with HCC. We have extended the timing of the anticipated data readout from the first half of 2026 to the second half of 2026 in order to allow the data to mature. This timing adjustment is intended to enhance the depth of insights from the program, including longitudinal and translational assessments, characterization of durability and dose optimization (including the addition of up to 15 participants in the monotherapy arm to explore modified dosages) to better inform subsequent development and regulatory strategy. The program otherwise continues to progress on schedule, and we believe the data package will strengthen decision-making and future development of our pipeline assets. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In October&#160;2025, we reported preliminary data from our REVERT IPF Phase&#160;2 clinical trial of TTI-101 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (&#8220;IPF&#8221;) and concluded that the study did not meet its goals. Subsequently, we conducted additional analyses of a subset of patients who received study drug for 12 weeks. Based on these analyses, which excluded certain patients due to dosing, pharmacokinetic, or clinical factors, treatment with TTI-101 demonstrated greater reductions in certain exploratory measures, including fibrosis and inflammatory markers, compared to placebo. These results are consistent with findings from multiple preclinical models of fibrotic disease and provide human clinical proof of concept for our STAT3 inhibition mechanism. We continue to evaluate these results to inform potential future development decisions. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our approach is rooted in our expertise around STAT3&#8217;s functional composition and its critical role in disease pathogenesis, as well as other essential biological functions. Our co-founder, David J. Tweardy, M.D., was one of the first to identify that STAT3, when activated by phosphorylation on tyrosine (Y)&#160;residue 705 (pY-STAT3), acts as a central node across multiple inflammatory, proliferative and immune pathways. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1</font>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Intrinsically (within proliferative cells), pY-STAT3 enhances cell proliferation and survival, while extrinsically (within the immune system), pY-STAT3 contributes to immune dysregulation. Collectively, persistent pY-STAT3 drives the development and progression of inflammatory and proliferative diseases characterized by dysregulated STAT3 signaling. By targeting pY-STAT3, our approach is designed to simultaneously modulate key pathways of the inflammatory and proliferative cascade, whereas previous approaches only targeted single pathways. Beyond its role in inflammation and proliferation, STAT3 also has an essential role in cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Dr.&#160;Tweardy made the critical discovery that blocking pY-STAT3 could inhibit STAT3&#8217;s role as a transcription factor without affecting its role in the mitochondria. We have leveraged this discovery to design our product candidates to inhibit STAT3 activation which, we believe, will lead to disease modifying activity without impairing essential biological functions. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We believe our oral small molecule STAT3 inhibitors have the potential for broad applicability across a diverse range of inflammatory and proliferative diseases driven by immune dysregulation, aberrant cytokine signaling, pathologic cellular proliferation, and maladaptive tissue remodeling. Across multiple preclinical models involving hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, respiratory organ specific tissue pathology, inhibition of STAT3 signaling has been associated with reductions in inflammatory burden, proliferation and improvement in disease relevant histological, molecular, and clinical parameters. Importantly, clinical data from the REVERT IPF trial, including observed reductions in IL-6 and improvements in fibrosis score, is consistent with preclinical observations, which we believe supports the translational validity of our platform. </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:12pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our Pipeline</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our current pipeline is depicted below: </font>
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            <img src="tb_pipeline-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: tb_pipeline-4c.jpg]" height="235" width="528" >
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:13pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The FDA has granted orphan drug designation for TTI-101 in both IPF and HCC as well as Fast-Track Designation for TTI-101 in HCC. </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Corporate Information</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We were originally incorporated in Delaware in July&#160;2004 as Cara Therapeutics, Inc. (&#8220;Cara&#8221;). On April&#160;15, 2025 (the &#8220;Closing Date&#8221;), Cara, now known as Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc., completed its previously announced merger with the Delaware corporation formerly known as Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. (&#8220;Legacy Tvardi&#8221;) in accordance with the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of December&#160;17, 2024 (the &#8220;Merger Agreement&#8221;), by and among Cara, CT Convergence Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Cara (&#8220;Merger Sub&#8221;), and Legacy Tvardi, pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Tvardi, with Legacy Tvardi surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cara (the &#8220;Merger&#8221;). Also on April&#160;15, 2025, Cara changed its name from &#8220;Cara Therapeutics, Inc.&#8221; to &#8220;Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.&#8221; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">2</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, (i)&#160;Cara effected a 1-for-3 reverse stock split of its common stock (the &#8220;Reverse Stock Split&#8221;), (ii)&#160;Cara increased its authorized shares of common stock to 150,000,000, (iii)&#160;Merger Sub was merged with and into Legacy Tvardi and Legacy Tvardi became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and (iv)&#160;the Company changed its name to &#8220;Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.&#8221; As of the open of trading on April&#160;16, 2025, the common stock of the Company began trading on Nasdaq under the symbol &#8220;TVRD.&#8221; </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our principal executive offices are located at 3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd., Suite 525, Sugar Land, Texas&#160;77478, and our telephone number is (713) 489-8654. Our website address is www.tvarditherapeutics.com. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus or any related free writing prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus contains references to our trademarks and to trademarks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus, including logos, artwork and other visual displays, may appear without the </font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">&#174;</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> or &#8482; symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend our use or display of other companies&#8217; trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies. </font>
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          <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;). Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal&#160;years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and other matters. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company in any given year if either (i)&#160;the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250&#160;million as measured on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, or (ii)&#160;our annual revenue is less than $100&#160;million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700&#160;million as measured on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than what you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests. </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The Securities We May Offer</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may offer shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, debt securities and warrants to purchase any of such securities, from time to time in one or more offerings under this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the relevant offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable: </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">designation or classification; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">aggregate principal amount or aggregate offering price; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">maturity, if applicable; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">original issue discount, if any; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">rates and times of payment of interest or dividends, if any; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">redemption, conversion, exchange or sinking fund terms, if any; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">conversion or exchange prices or rates, if any, and, if applicable, any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the conversion or exchange prices or rates and in the securities or other property receivable upon conversion or exchange; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ranking, if applicable; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">restrictive covenants, if any; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">voting or other rights, if any; and </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">important U.S. federal income tax considerations. </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell the securities directly to investors or through underwriters, dealers or agents. We, and our underwriters or agents, reserve the right to accept or reject all or part of any proposed purchase of securities. If we do offer securities through underwriters or agents, we will include in the applicable prospectus supplement: </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the names of those underwriters or agents; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">applicable fees, discounts and commissions to be paid to them; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">details regarding over-allotment options, if any; and </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the estimated net proceeds to us. </font>
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            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Common Stock.</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue shares of our common stock from time to time. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share for the election of directors and on all other matters that require stockholder approval. Subject to any preferential rights of any then outstanding preferred stock, in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any then outstanding preferred stock. Our common stock does not carry any preemptive rights enabling a holder to subscribe for, or receive shares of, any class of our common stock or any other securities convertible into shares of any class of our common stock, or any redemption rights. </font>
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            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Preferred Stock.</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue shares of our preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, liquidation preference and sinking fund terms, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the common stock. To date, none of the 5,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock have been issued by our board of directors. Convertible preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock or exchangeable for our other securities. Conversion may be mandatory or at the option of the holders of our preferred stock and would be at prescribed conversion rates. </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series that we sell under this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplements in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of preferred stock being offered, as well as the complete certificate of designation that contains the terms of the applicable series of preferred stock. </font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Debt Securities.</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. The senior debt securities will rank equally with any other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner described in the instrument governing the debt, to all of our senior indebtedness. Convertible debt securities will be convertible into our common stock or preferred stock. Conversion may be mandatory or at the holder&#8217;s option and would be at prescribed conversion rates. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The debt securities will be issued under one or more documents called indentures, which are contracts between us and a national banking association or other eligible party, as trustee. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the debt securities. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the series of debt securities being offered, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. A form of indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Warrants.</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities. In this prospectus, we have summarized certain general features of the warrants. We urge you, however, to read the applicable prospectus supplement (and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) related to the particular series of warrants being offered, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. Forms of the warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates containing the terms of the warrants being offered have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental warrant agreements and forms of warrant certificates will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue. Warrants may be issued under an applicable warrant agreement that we enter into with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of the warrant agent, if applicable, in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of warrants being offered. </font>
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          <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Use of Proceeds</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Except as described in any applicable prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us hereunder, if any, for general corporate purposes, including clinical trial expenses, research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures, or for any other purpose we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the section entitled &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; in this prospectus. </font>
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          <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Nasdaq Capital Market Listing</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol &#8220;TVRD.&#8221; The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information as to any other listing on Nasdaq or any securities market or other exchange of the securities, if any, covered by the prospectus supplement.</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">5</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sRIFA">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and other reports and documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, before deciding whether to purchase any of the securities being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities, and the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">6</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sSNRF">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Statements contained in this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein that are not strictly historical in nature are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), and within the meaning of Section&#160;21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are subject to the &#8220;safe harbor&#8221; created by Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act and Section&#160;21E of the Exchange Act and may include, but are not limited to, statements about our strategy, future financial condition, future operations, research and development, ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical studies, the timing and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for our product candidates, our ability to commercialize our product candidates, the potential benefits of collaborations, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as &#8220;aim,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;might,&#8221; &#8220;objective,&#8221; &#8220;ongoing,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; or &#8220;would,&#8221; the negative of these words and words or similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to continue as a going concern; </font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the expectations surrounding the potential safety, efficacy, and regulatory and clinical progress of our product candidates, including TTI-101 and TTI-109, and anticipated milestones and timing therefor; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our plans to develop and commercialize our product candidates or any potential future product candidates; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the potential results of preclinical studies and clinical trials and future regulatory and development milestones for our product candidates or any potential future product candidates; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the performance of third-party manufacturers, clinical research organizations (CROs), and other vendors; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the size and growth of the potential markets for our product candidates; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the rate and degree of market acceptance of any other future approved indications or products; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain and maintain additional regulatory approval of our product candidates or any future product candidates, and the labeling under any approval we may obtain; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to maintain existing and establish additional collaborations for our product candidates or future product candidates; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the continued service of our key scientific or management personnel; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to establish commercialization and marketing capabilities for any future approved products; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain and maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payers and governments for any other future approved indications or products; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our planned use of our cash and cash equivalents and the clinical milestones we expect to fund with such proceeds; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues and capital requirements; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain funding for our operations; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates or future product candidates and our ability to operate our business without infringing on the intellectual property rights of others; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting and to remediate and prevent material weaknesses in our internal controls; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the success of competing drugs that are or may become available; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the potential effects of any global health crises, geopolitical tensions and macroeconomic conditions on our business, operations, and clinical development and regulatory timelines and plans; and </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our anticipated use of proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These statements reflect our views as of the date on which they were made with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. The underlying information and expectations are likely to change over time. In addition, statements that &#8220;we believe&#8221; and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date the statement is made, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as actual events or results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in any applicable prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference therein or any free writing prospectus that we authorized. These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of the document containing the applicable statement. Our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, in the documents incorporated by reference herein and in any prospectus supplement by these cautionary statements. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or developments. Thus, you should not assume that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Before deciding to purchase our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed herein or incorporated by reference, in addition to the other information set forth in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">8</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sUOP">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Except as described in any prospectus supplement or in any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, including clinical trial expenses, research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to in-license, invest in or acquire businesses, assets or technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have no current plans, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses of the net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of such proceeds. Pending the use of the net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus as described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short and intermediate-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">9</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following description of our capital stock and provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws are summaries and are qualified by reference to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and applicable provisions of Delaware corporate law. For information on how to obtain copies of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which are exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, see &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information&#8221; and &#8220;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.&#8221; </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Authorized Capital Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The total number of authorized shares of capital stock consists of (i)&#160;150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (ii)&#160;5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of December&#160;31, 2025, there were 9,381,344 shares of our common stock outstanding, and no shares of our preferred stock outstanding. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Common Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">No Preemptive, Redemption or Conversion Rights</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion, subscription or other rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that it may designate in the future. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Voting Rights</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder thereof to one vote on each matter properly submitted to a vote. Holders of shares of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Dividend Rights</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors out of legally available funds. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Liquidation Rights</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Preferred Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our board of directors is authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series and to determine or alter for each such series, such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers and such designation, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof. The board of directors can also increase or decrease the number of shares of any series, but not below the number of shares of that series then outstanding, without any further vote or action by the Company&#8217;s stockholders. The board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company or other corporate action and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">10</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Board of Directors</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that, subject to any special rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors, our authorized number of directors shall be determined from time to time by resolution of our board of directors. Our board of directors currently has seven members. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the directors shall be divided into three classes, with each class having a three-year term expiring on a staggered basis. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.22pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Transfer Agent and Registrar</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Equiniti Trust Company, LLC. The transfer agent&#8217;s address is 28 Liberty Street, 53rd Floor, New York, NY 10005. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Listing</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;TVRD.&#8221; </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Antitakeover Effects of Provisions of Charter Documents and Delaware Law</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, and certain provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#8220;DGCL&#8221;) contain provisions, which are summarized in the following paragraphs, that are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of the board of directors. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, reduce our vulnerability to a hostile or abusive change of control and enhance the ability of the board of directors to maximize stockholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire us. However, these provisions may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter or prevent a merger or acquisition of us by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or other takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the prevailing market price for the shares held by stockholders. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Classification and Removal of Directors</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors. Under Delaware law, directors of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause unless the corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that any director may be removed with cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:2.66pt;font-size:7pt;letter-spacing:0.14pt;">2</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8725;</font><font style="font-size:7pt;letter-spacing:0.14pt;">3</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">% of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally at an election of directors. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">No Cumulative Voting</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not include a provision for cumulative voting for directors. Under cumulative voting, a minority stockholder holding a sufficient&#160;percentage of a class of shares may be able to ensure the election of one or more directors. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Vacancies on the Board of Directors</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that, subject to any limitations imposed by the DGCL and the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock, any vacancies on our board of directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, shall, unless the board of directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum or by the sole remaining director, and not by the stockholders. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Stockholder Action by Written Consent</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws do not provide for the right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting. </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">11</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Special Stockholder Meetings</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws, a special meeting of the stockholders may be called only by the chairperson of the board of directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the board of directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by the majority of the total number of authorized directors. The board of directors shall determine the time and place, if any, of such special meeting. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Stockholder Nominations and Proposals</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide written notice on a timely basis and also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder&#8217;s notice. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Notice of Stockholder Meeting</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated bylaws provide that written notice of a meeting of the stockholders shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60&#160;days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify the place, if any, date and hour, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes of the meeting, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at any such meeting. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the U.S. mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder&#8217;s address as it appears on our records. Notice of the time, place, if any, and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, signed by the person entitled to notice thereof, or by electronic transmission by such person, either before or after such meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by his or her attendance thereat in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or by proxy, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Indemnification</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that to the fullest extent permitted by law, we are authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) our directors, officers and agents (and any other persons to which applicable law permits us to provide indemnification) through bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by such applicable law. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Notwithstanding any other provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any particular class or series of stock required by law or by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or any certificate of designation filed with respect to a series of preferred stock, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:2.66pt;font-size:7pt;letter-spacing:0.14pt;">2</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8725;</font><font style="font-size:7pt;letter-spacing:0.14pt;">3</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal Articles V, VI, VII and VIII of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Amendment of Bylaws</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that the board of directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal our amended and restated bylaws. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">12</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any adoption, amendment or repeal of our amended and restated bylaws by the board of directors shall require the approval of a majority of the authorized number of directors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that the stockholders shall also have power to adopt, amend or repeal our amended and restated bylaws; provided, however, that, in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock required by law or by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, such action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:2.66pt;font-size:7pt;letter-spacing:0.14pt;">2</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8725;</font><font style="font-size:7pt;letter-spacing:0.14pt;">3</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Choice of Forum</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction, any state court located within the State of Delaware or, if and only if all such state courts lack subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) and any appellate court therefrom shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (A)&#160;any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (B)&#160;any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee to us or our stockholders; (C)&#160;any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; or (D)&#160;any action asserting a claim against us governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the court having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these forum selection provisions do not apply to claims or causes of action brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Delaware Takeover Statute</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are subject to the provisions of Section&#160;203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. In general, those provisions prohibit a Delaware corporation, including those whose securities are listed for trading on Nasdaq, from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three&#160;years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless: </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the transaction is approved by the board of directors before the date the interested stockholder attained that status; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">on or after such time the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at a meeting of stockholders by at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Section&#160;203 defines a business combination to include: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any sale, transfer, lease, pledge, exchange, mortgage or other disposition involving the interested stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">subject to exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">subject to exceptions, any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of directly or indirectly increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series, or securities convertible into the stock of any class or series, of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">13</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:560pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the direct or indirect receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Generally, Section&#160;203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person. </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">14</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sDODS">&#8203;</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue debt securities from time to time, in one or more series, as either senior or subordinated debt or as senior or subordinated convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Unless the context requires otherwise, whenever we refer to the indenture, we also are referring to any supplemental indentures that specify the terms of a particular series of debt securities. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will issue the debt securities under the indenture that we will enter into with the trustee named in the indenture. The indenture will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the Trust Indenture Act). We have filed the form of indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplemental indentures and forms of debt securities containing the terms of the debt securities being offered will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or will be incorporated by reference from reports that we file with the SEC. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following summary of material provisions of the debt securities and the indenture is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses related to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as the complete indenture that contains the terms of the debt securities. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">General</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as &#8220;discount securities,&#8221; which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with original issue discount (&#8220;OID&#8221;) for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics or terms of the debt securities. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with OID will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of debt securities being offered, including: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the title of the series of debt securities; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any limit upon the aggregate principal amount that may be issued; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the maturity date or dates; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the form of the debt securities of the series; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the applicability of any guarantees; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the debt securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if the price (expressed as a&#160;percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such debt securities will be issued is a price other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such debt securities that is convertible into another security or the method by which any such portion shall be determined; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">15</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.29pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.29pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder&#8217;s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the debt securities of that series and any security for our obligations with respect to such debt securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of debt securities of that series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the debt securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a global security or securities; the terms and conditions, if any, upon which such global security or securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual securities; and the depositary for such global security or securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon which such debt securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at our option or the holders&#8217; option) conversion or exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of debt securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the covenants applicable to the particular debt securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation, merger or sale covenant; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the events of default with respect to the securities and any change in the right of the trustee or the holders to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such securities to be due and payable; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of the indenture; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">additions to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of the indenture both with and without the consent of holders of debt securities issued under the indenture; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether interest will be payable in cash or additional debt securities at our or the holders&#8217; option and the terms and conditions upon which the election may be made; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms and conditions, if any, upon which we will pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any, and principal amounts of the debt securities of the series to any holder that is not a &#8220;United States person&#8221; for federal tax purposes; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the debt securities of the series; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">16</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, any other additions or changes in the provisions of the indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Conversion or Exchange Rights</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to settlement upon conversion or exchange and whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Consolidation, Merger or Sale</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the indenture will not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of our assets as an entirety or substantially as an entirety. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets (other than a subsidiary of ours) must assume all of our obligations under the indenture or the debt securities, as appropriate. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Events of Default under the Indenture</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, the following are events of default under the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to pay any installment of interest on any series of debt securities, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90&#160;days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by us in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any series of debt securities as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to such series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such debt securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental thereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant or agreement contained in the debt securities or the indenture, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90&#160;days after we receive written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such is a notice of default thereunder, from the trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the trustee or any holder. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or </font>
        </div>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">17</font>
          <br >
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to the terms of the indenture, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the indenture or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if: </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the holder has given written notice to the trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">such holders have offered to the trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred by the trustee in compliance with the request; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90&#160;days after the notice, request and offer. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will periodically file statements with the trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indenture. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Modification of Indenture; Waiver</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We and the trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture or in the debt securities of any series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to comply with the provisions described above under &#8220;Description of Debt Securities-Consolidation, Merger or Sale;&#8221; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to add to our covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the indenture; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the indenture; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series in any material respect; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">18</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided above under &#8220;Description of Debt Securities-General&#8221; to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment under any indenture by a successor trustee; or </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In addition, under the indenture, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the trustee may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">extending the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any series of any debt securities; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">reducing the&#160;percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Discharge</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">provide for payment; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">pay principal of and premium and interest on any debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">maintain paying agencies; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">hold monies for payment in trust; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">recover excess money held by the trustee; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.81pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">compensate and indemnify the trustee; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">appoint any successor trustee. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Form, Exchange and Transfer</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company (&#8220;DTC&#8221;), or another depositary named by us and identified in the applicable prospectus supplement with respect to that series. To the extent the debt securities of a series are issued in global form and as book-entry, a description of terms relating to any book-entry securities will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any </font>
        </div>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">19</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to the terms of the indenture and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series. </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to: </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15&#160;days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">register the transfer of or exchange of any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Information Concerning the Trustee</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Payment and Paying Agents</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All money we pay to a paying agent or the trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two&#160;years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">20</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:584pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Governing Law</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">21</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sDOW">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements and free writing prospectuses, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, which may consist of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and may be issued in one or more series. Warrants may be issued independently or together with common stock, preferred stock or debt securities offered by any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement will fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have filed forms of the warrant agreements as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, if any, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, as well as any related free writing prospectuses, and the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">General</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of warrants being offered, including, to the extent applicable: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the title of such securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the offering price or prices and aggregate number of warrants offered; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the currency or currencies for which the warrants may be purchased; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of such warrants which may be exercised at any one time; </font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at which, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which, and the currency in which, these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreements and the warrants; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of any rights to force the exercise of the warrants; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">22</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.99pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Exercise of Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent in connection with the exercise of the warrant. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Governing Law</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the warrants and warrant agreements, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to the warrants or warrant agreements, will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sLOOS">&#8203;</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We describe global securities in greater detail below. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee or depositary maintain for this purpose as the &#8220;holders&#8221; of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names as &#8220;indirect holders&#8221; of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders and investors in securities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Book-Entry Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue securities in book-entry form only, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. This means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Global securities will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for global securities, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under the terms of the securities. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As a result, investors in a global security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, and not legal holders, of the securities. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Street Name Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A global security may be terminated in certain situations as described under &#8220;Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated,&#8221; or issue securities that are not issued in global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in &#8220;street name.&#8221; Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he or she maintains at that institution. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">For securities held in street name, we or any applicable trustee or depositary will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we or any such trustee or depositary will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Legal Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee or third party employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the legal holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that legal holder is required, under agreements with its participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Similarly, we </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">24</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">may want to obtain the approval of the holders to amend an indenture, to relieve us of the consequences of a default or of our obligation to comply with a particular provision of an indenture, or for other purposes. In such an event, we would seek approval only from the legal holders, and not the indirect holders, of the securities. Whether and how the legal holders contact the indirect holders is up to the legal holders. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Special Considerations for Indirect Holders</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form because the securities are represented by one or more global securities or in street name, you should check with your own institution to find out: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">how it handles securities payments and notices; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether it imposes fees or charges; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">how it would handle a request for the holders&#8217; consent, if ever required; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary&#8217;s rules and procedures will affect these matters. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Global Securities</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we issue to, deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the DTC will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under &#8220;Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.&#8221; As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and legal holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the depositary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a legal holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued as a global security, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Special Considerations for Global Securities</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As an indirect holder, an investor&#8217;s rights relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor&#8217;s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security. </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">25</font>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:14pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If securities are issued only as global securities, an investor should be aware of the following: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his or her name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his or her interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his or her own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his or her legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">an investor may not be able to pledge his or her interest in the global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the depositary&#8217;s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor&#8217;s interest in the global security; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary&#8217;s actions or for its records of ownership interests in the global security, nor will we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in the global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">financial institutions that participate in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in the global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In a few special situations described below, a global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own names, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations occur: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90&#160;days; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The applicable prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular series of securities covered by the prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and neither we nor any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders. </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">26</font>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sPOD">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers. We may distribute securities from time to time in one or more transactions: </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.3pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at negotiated prices. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may also sell equity securities covered by this registration statement in an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. Such offering may be made into an existing trading market for such securities in transactions at other than a fixed price, either: </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">on or through the facilities of Nasdaq or any other securities exchange or quotation or trading service on which such securities may be listed, quoted or traded at the time of sale; and/or </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to or through a market maker other than on Nasdaq or such other securities exchanges or quotation or trading services. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Such &#8220;at the market offerings&#8221;, if any, may be conducted by underwriters acting as principal or agent. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A prospectus supplement or supplements (and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you) will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including, to the extent applicable: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents, if any; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items constituting agents&#8217; or underwriters&#8217; compensation; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any delayed delivery arrangements; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any public offering price; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6.19pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities, and we will describe any commissions we will pay the </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">27</font>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:124pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities related to this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Other than common stock, all securities we offer will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time. These transactions may be effected on any exchange or over-the-counter market or otherwise. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on Nasdaq may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on Nasdaq in accordance with Rule&#160;103 of Regulation&#160;M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker&#8217;s bid, however, the passive market maker&#8217;s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In compliance with guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum consideration or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker dealer may not exceed 8% of the aggregate amount of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">28</font>
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      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sLEMA">&#8203;</a><a name="sEXP">&#8203;</a><a name="sWYCF">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:216pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, certain legal matters in connection with the offering and the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus, and any supplement thereto, will be passed upon by Cooley LLP. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXPERTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The financial statements of Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. as of December&#160;31, 2025 and 2024, and for each of the two&#160;years in the period ended December&#160;31, 2025, incorporated by reference in this Prospectus by reference to Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.&#8217;s <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">A</a><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">nnual </a><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">R</a><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">eport on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025,</a> have been audited by Deloitte &amp; Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities we are offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement. Neither we nor any agent, underwriter or dealer has authorized any person to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. The address of the SEC website is www.sec.gov. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We maintain a website at www.tvarditherapeutics.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">29</font>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="sIOCI">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:184pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; information that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC (other than Current Reports or portions thereof furnished under Item&#160;2.02 or Item&#160;7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items and other portions of documents that are furnished, but not filed, or are otherwise not incorporated into registration statements pursuant to applicable rules promulgated by the SEC) that are filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections&#160;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i)&#160;after the date of the filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, and (ii)&#160;after the effectiveness of the registration statement but prior to the termination of all offerings of securities covered by this prospectus: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2025, filed with the SEC on March&#160;31, 2026;</a> </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025 from our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926047695/tvrd-20260609xdef14a.htm">Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule&#160;14A, filed with the SEC on April&#160;23, 2026;</a> </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926024676/tm268178d1_8k.htm">Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March&#160;6, 2026</a>; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the description of our common stock, which is registered under Section&#160;12 of the Exchange Act, described in <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231xex4d1.htm">Exhibit&#160;4.1</a> to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March&#160;31, 2026, including all amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus, including exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. You should direct any requests for documents by writing us at 3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd., Suite 525, Sugar Land, Texas 77478, or by telephoning us at (713) 489-8654. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of the document to the extent that a statement contained in this document or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document modifies or supersedes the statement.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">30</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 2.5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="position:relative;margin-top:67.38pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <img src="lg_tvardi-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: lg_tvardi-4c.jpg]" height="76" width="189" >
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:44.91pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">$200,000,000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:8pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:15.5pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Preferred Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Debt Securities </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:131.167pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 131.166666666667pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="margin-top:11.73pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.24pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.24pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:8.833pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 8.83333333333331pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:166.84pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;, 2026</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:98.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 98.5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 2.5pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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      <hr >
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    <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;min-height:775.71pt;page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="position:absolute;top:738.85pt;left:48.64pt;height:30pt;width:706.02pt;transform-origin:0pt -0pt;transform:rotate(-90deg) translate(0%, 0%);">
        <div style="text-align:justify; width:706pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.08pt;">The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission declares our registration statement effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</font><font style="color:#000000;letter-spacing:-0.08pt;"> </font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;min-height:706pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:87.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 1, 2026</font><font style="font-weight:normal;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:6pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="position:relative;margin-top:10pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <img src="lg_tvardi-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: lg_tvardi-4c.jpg]" height="54" width="135" >
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:16.4pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Up to $12,500,000 </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:4pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:13.167pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:11.7pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have entered into a Capital on Demand&#8482; Sales Agreement (the &#8220;Sales Agreement&#8221;) with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (&#8220;Jones&#8221;), relating to shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, offered by this prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, from time to time we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $12,500,000 through Jones, acting as sales agent, pursuant to this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) under the symbol &#8220;TVRD.&#8221; On April&#160;30, 2026, the last reported sale price of our common stock as reported on Nasdaq was $3.15 per share. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made in sales deemed to be an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;). Jones is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities but will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between Jones and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement. See &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; beginning on page <a href="#bPOD">S-13</a> for additional information regarding the compensation to be paid to Jones. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Jones will be entitled to a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Sales Agreement. In connection with the sale of our common stock on our behalf, Jones will be deemed to be an &#8220;underwriter&#8221; within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of Jones will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contributions to Jones against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;). </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are subject to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, which limits the amounts that we may sell under the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 is $37,510,700, which was calculated based on 9,331,020 shares of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates on April&#160;30, 2026, at a price of $4.02 per share, the closing price of our common stock on March&#160;5, 2026. We have not offered any securities pursuant to Instruction I.B.6 during the prior twelve-calendar month period that ends on and includes the date of this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12.2pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:11.71pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning on page <a href="#bRIFA">S-6</a> of this prospectus as well as those contained in any related free writing prospectus we prepare or authorize in connection with this offering, and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus concerning factors you should consider before investing in our common stock.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of the disclosures in this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:18.2pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:15.8pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:20pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.36pt;">Jones</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.36pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The date of this prospectus is &#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199; &#8199;&#8199;, 2026.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="TOC2">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:413pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:6pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Prospectus</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:160pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:425.15pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#bATP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:17.25pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#bATP">S-1</a></font><a href="#bATP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:425.15pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#bPRSU"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:17.25pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#bPRSU">S-2</a></font><a href="#bPRSU"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:425.15pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#bRIFA"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:17.25pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#bRIFA">S-6</a></font><a href="#bRIFA"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:425.15pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#bSNRF"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:17.25pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#bSNRF">S-8</a></font><a href="#bSNRF"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:425.15pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#bUOP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:17.25pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#bUOP">S-10</a></font><a href="#bUOP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:425.15pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#bDIL"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DILUTION </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bATP">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus relates to an offering of our common stock. Before buying any of the common stock that we are offering, we urge you to carefully read this prospectus, together with the information incorporated by reference as described under the headings &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information&#8221; and &#8220;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference&#8221; in this prospectus. These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to &#8220;Tvardi,&#8221; the &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus describes the terms of this offering of common stock and also adds to, updates and changes information contained in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;), before the date of this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;for example, a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have not, and Jones has not, authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that which is contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering. No one is making offers to sell or seeking offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date given in the document incorporated by reference or as of the date of the prospectus, as applicable, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus contains and incorporates by reference market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe that these sources are reliable, we do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and we have not independently verified this information. Although we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the market and industry data presented in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference, these estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; contained herein and under similar headings in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the section entitled &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221; </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:5pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, include trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or others. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectuses are the property of their respective owners.</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-1</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bPRSU">&#8203;</a>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This summary highlights certain information about us and this offering and selected information contained elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. For a more complete understanding of the Company and this offering, we encourage you to read and consider carefully the more detailed information in this prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and the information included in any free writing prospectus that we authorize for use in connection with this offering, including the information contained in and incorporated by reference under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning on page <a href="#bRIFA">S-6</a> of this prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are filed after the date hereof and incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Company Overview</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel, oral, small molecule therapies targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (&#8220;STAT3&#8221;) to treat inflammatory and proliferative diseases with significant unmet need. Based upon our founders&#8217; seminal work and deep understanding of the transcription factor STAT3, we have designed an innovative approach to directly inhibit STAT3, a highly validated, yet historically undruggable target. Leveraging this expertise, we are developing a pipeline of STAT3 inhibitors with a differentiated mechanism of action and convenient oral dosing. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our pipeline includes two oral, small molecule STAT3 inhibitors: TTI-101 and TTI-109. TTI-101 is our first-generation direct STAT3 inhibitor, currently in Phase&#160;1b/2 clinical development in hepatocellular carcinoma (&#8220;HCC&#8221;). TTI-109 is a phosphate prodrug of TTI-101 that is mechanistically identical to its parent molecule but is designed to enhance our ability to target STAT3. We have been developing TTI-109 for several&#160;years, based on our recognition that retaining the full STAT3 inhibition mechanism of TTI-101 while enhancing delivery would broaden the potential utility of our platform across inflammatory and proliferative indications. We filed an Investigational New Drug (&#8220;IND&#8221;) application for TTI-109 in June&#160;2025 and, following FDA acceptance, initiated a Phase&#160;1 trial in healthy volunteers evaluating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and bioequivalence to TTI-101. We expect to report topline data from this trial in the second quarter of 2026, after which we intend to announce the clinical indication in which we plan to advance TTI-109. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are currently enrolling patients in the REVERT LIVER CANCER Phase&#160;1b/2 clinical trial of TTI&#8209;101 in patients with HCC. We have extended the timing of the anticipated data readout from the first half of 2026 to the second half of 2026 in order to allow the data to mature. This timing adjustment is intended to enhance the depth of insights from the program, including longitudinal and translational assessments, characterization of durability and dose optimization (including the addition of up to 15 participants in the monotherapy arm to explore modified dosages) to better inform subsequent development and regulatory strategy. The program otherwise continues to progress on schedule, and we believe the data package will strengthen decision-making and future development of our pipeline assets. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In October&#160;2025, we reported preliminary data from our REVERT IPF Phase&#160;2 clinical trial of TTI-101 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (&#8220;IPF&#8221;) and concluded that the study did not meet its goals. Subsequently, we conducted additional analyses of a subset of patients who received study drug for 12 weeks. Based on these analyses, which excluded certain patients due to dosing, pharmacokinetic, or clinical factors, treatment with TTI-101 demonstrated greater reductions in certain exploratory measures, including fibrosis and inflammatory markers, compared to placebo. These results are consistent with findings from multiple preclinical models of fibrotic disease and provide human clinical proof of concept for our STAT3 inhibition mechanism. We continue to evaluate these results to inform potential future development decisions. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our approach is rooted in our expertise around STAT3&#8217;s functional composition and its critical role in disease pathogenesis, as well as other essential biological functions. Our co-founder, David J. Tweardy, M.D., was one of the first to identify that STAT3, when activated by phosphorylation on tyrosine (Y)&#160;residue 705 (pY-STAT3), acts as a central node across multiple inflammatory, proliferative and immune pathways. Intrinsically (within proliferative cells), pY-STAT3 enhances cell proliferation and survival, while extrinsically (within the immune system), pY-STAT3 contributes to immune dysregulation. Collectively, persistent </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-2</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">pY-STAT3 drives the development and progression of inflammatory and proliferative diseases characterized by dysregulated STAT3 signaling. By targeting pY-STAT3, our approach is designed to simultaneously modulate key pathways of the inflammatory and proliferative cascade, whereas previous approaches only targeted single pathways. Beyond its role in inflammation and proliferation, STAT3 also has an essential role in cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Dr.&#160;Tweardy made the critical discovery that blocking pY-STAT3 could inhibit STAT3&#8217;s role as a transcription factor without affecting its role in the mitochondria. We have leveraged this discovery to design our product candidates to inhibit STAT3 activation which, we believe, will lead to disease modifying activity without impairing essential biological functions. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We believe our oral small molecule STAT3 inhibitors have the potential for broad applicability across a diverse range of inflammatory and proliferative diseases driven by immune dysregulation, aberrant cytokine signaling, pathologic cellular proliferation, and maladaptive tissue remodeling. Across multiple preclinical models involving hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, respiratory organ specific tissue pathology, inhibition of STAT3 signaling has been associated with reductions in inflammatory burden, proliferation and improvement in disease relevant histological, molecular, and clinical parameters. Importantly, clinical data from the REVERT IPF trial, including observed reductions in IL-6 and improvements in fibrosis score, is consistent with preclinical observations, which we believe supports the translational validity of our platform. </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:12pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our Pipeline</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our current pipeline is depicted below: </font>
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            <img src="tb_pipeline-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: tb_pipeline-4c.jpg]" height="235" width="528" >
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          <div style="margin-top:12.6pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The FDA has granted orphan drug designation for TTI-101 in both IPF and HCC as well as Fast-Track Designation for TTI-101 in HCC. </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Corporate Information</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We were originally incorporated in Delaware in July&#160;2004 as Cara Therapeutics, Inc. (&#8220;Cara&#8221;). On April&#160;15, 2025 (the &#8220;Closing Date&#8221;), Cara, now known as Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc., completed its previously announced merger with the Delaware corporation formerly known as Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. (&#8220;Legacy Tvardi&#8221;) in accordance with the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of December&#160;17, 2024 (the &#8220;Merger Agreement&#8221;), by and among Cara, CT Convergence Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Cara (&#8220;Merger Sub&#8221;), and Legacy Tvardi, pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Tvardi, with Legacy Tvardi surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cara (the &#8220;Merger&#8221;). Also on April&#160;15, 2025, Cara changed its name from &#8220;Cara Therapeutics, Inc.&#8221; to &#8220;Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.&#8221; </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on the Closing Date, (i)&#160;Cara effected a 1-for-3 reverse stock split of its common stock (the &#8220;Reverse Stock Split&#8221;), (ii)&#160;Cara increased its authorized shares of common stock to 150,000,000, (iii)&#160;Merger Sub was merged with and into Legacy Tvardi and Legacy Tvardi became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and (iv)&#160;the Company changed its name to &#8220;Tvardi Therapeutics, </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-3</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Inc.&#8221; As of the open of trading on April&#160;16, 2025, the common stock of the Company began trading on Nasdaq under the symbol &#8220;TVRD.&#8221; </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our principal executive offices are located at 3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd., Suite 525, Sugar Land, Texas&#160;77478, and our telephone number is (713) 489-8654. Our website address is www.tvarditherapeutics.com. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this prospectus, the accompanying base prospectus or any related free writing prospectus, and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus contains references to our trademarks and to trademarks belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus, including logos, artwork and other visual displays, may appear without the </font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">&#174;</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> or </font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">TM</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend our use or display of other companies&#8217; trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies. </font>
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          <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221; as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;). Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal&#160;years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and other matters. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company in any given year if either (i)&#160;the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250&#160;million as measured on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, or (ii)&#160;our annual revenue is less than $100&#160;million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700&#160;million as measured on the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than what you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests. </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-4</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The Offering</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Common stock offered by us </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:168pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:288pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $12,500,000. </font>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Common stock to be outstanding after this offering </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:168pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:288pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Up to 13,349,597&#160;shares (as more fully described in the notes following this table), assuming sales of 3,968,253&#160;shares of our common stock in this offering at an offering price of $3.15 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on April&#160;30, 2026. The actual number of shares of common stock issued will vary depending on the sales price under this offering. </font>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Manner of offering </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:168pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:288pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8220;At the market offering&#8221; that may be made from time to time through our sales agent, Jones. See &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; on page <a href="#bPOD">S-13</a> of this prospectus. </font>
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            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Use of Proceeds </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:168pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:288pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, if any, for general corporate purposes, including clinical trial expenses, research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures. See &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221; on page <a href="#bUOP">S-10</a> of this prospectus. </font>
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            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Risk Factors </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:168pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:288pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See the information contained in or incorporated by reference under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning on page <a href="#bRIFA">S-6</a> of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we authorize for use in connection with this offering. </font>
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            <div style="margin-left:10pt; text-indent:-10pt; margin-top:6pt; line-height:12pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Nasdaq symbol </font>
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          <div style="margin-left:168pt; margin-top:-12pt; width:288pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8220;TVRD&#8221; </font>
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          <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 9,381,344 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December&#160;31, 2025 and excludes, as of that date: </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">489,833 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under our 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, with a weighted average exercise price of $14.35 per share; </font>
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          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">713,922 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under the Legacy Tvardi 2018 Stock Incentive Plan, which were assumed by the Company in connection with the Merger, with a weighted average exercise price of $3.21 per share; </font>
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          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">8,491 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under the Cara 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, with a weighted average exercise price of $141.14 per share; </font>
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          <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">445,721 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, as well as any increases, at the discretion of our board of directors, in the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under this plan; and </font>
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            <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">93,555 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2025 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as well as any automatic increases in the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under this plan.</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-5</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bRIFA">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and discussed under the section captioned &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; contained in our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025</a>, as updated by our annual, quarterly and other reports and documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and all other information contained in this prospectus and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, before purchasing shares of our common stock. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may become important factors that affect us. If any of such risks or the risks described below or in our SEC filings occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose some or all of your investment.</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Risks Related to This Offering</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Our management will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering, and we may not use the proceeds effectively.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Because we have not designated the amount of net proceeds from this offering to be used for any particular purpose, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering. Our management may use the net proceeds for purposes that may not improve our financial condition or market value. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the common stock you purchase in this offering.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The offering price per share in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock outstanding prior to this offering. Assuming that an aggregate of 3,968,253&#160;shares of our common stock are sold at an assumed offering price of $3.15 per share pursuant to this prospectus, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on April&#160;30, 2026, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $11.8&#160;million, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, you would experience immediate dilution of $0.71 per share, representing the difference between our as adjusted net tangible book value per share as of December&#160;31, 2025 after giving effect to this offering at the assumed offering price. See &#8220;Dilution&#8221; in this prospectus for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you would incur if you participate in this offering. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The actual number of shares we will issue and gross proceeds resulting from those sales in this offering, at any one time or in total, is uncertain.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to certain limitations in the Sales Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to Jones at any time throughout the term of the offering under this prospectus. The number of shares that are sold by Jones after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on the market price of the shares of common stock during the sales period and limits we set with Jones in any instruction to sell shares, and the demand for our common stock during the sales period. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate based on the market price of our common stock during the sales period, it is not possible at this stage to predict the number of shares or the gross proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales, if any, that will be ultimately issued. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">The common stock offered hereby will be sold in &#8220;at the market offerings,&#8221; and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so they may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold in this offering. In addition, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for shares to be sold in this offering. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-6</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:464pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by any investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by any investors in this offering. Additionally, the exercise of outstanding stock options may result in further dilution of your investment. </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-7</font>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bSNRF">&#8203;</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Statements contained in this prospectus, the accompanying base prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein that are not strictly historical in nature are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), and within the meaning of Section&#160;21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are subject to the &#8220;safe harbor&#8221; created by Section&#160;27A of the Securities Act and Section&#160;21E of the Exchange Act and may include, but are not limited to, statements about our strategy, future financial condition, future operations, research and development, ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical studies, the timing and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for our product candidates, our ability to commercialize our product candidates, the potential benefits of collaborations, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as &#8220;aim,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;might,&#8221; &#8220;objective,&#8221; &#8220;ongoing,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; or &#8220;would,&#8221; the negative of these words and words or similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following: </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to continue as a going concern; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the expectations surrounding the potential safety, efficacy, and regulatory and clinical progress of our product candidates, including TTI-101 and TTI-109, and anticipated milestones and timing therefor; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.21pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.21pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our plans to develop and commercialize our product candidates or any potential future product candidates; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the potential results of preclinical studies and clinical trials and future regulatory and development milestones for our product candidates or any potential future product candidates; </font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the performance of third-party manufacturers, clinical research organizations (CROs), and other vendors; </font>
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          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.11pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.11pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the size and growth of the potential markets for our product candidates; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the rate and degree of market acceptance of any other future approved indications or products; </font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.11pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain and maintain additional regulatory approval of our product candidates or any future product candidates, and the labeling under any approval we may obtain; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to maintain existing and establish additional collaborations for our product candidates or future product candidates; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the continued service of our key scientific or management personnel; </font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to establish commercialization and marketing capabilities for any future approved products; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain and maintain coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payers and governments for any other future approved indications or products; </font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our planned use of our cash and cash equivalents and the clinical milestones we expect to fund with such proceeds; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.11pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues and capital requirements; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.1pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain funding for our operations; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.11pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.11pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates or future product candidates and our ability to operate our business without infringing on the intellectual property rights of others; </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-8</font>
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      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
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        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:234pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our ability to maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting and to remediate and prevent material weaknesses in our internal controls; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the success of competing drugs that are or may become available; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the potential effects of any global health crises, geopolitical tensions and macroeconomic conditions on our business, operations, and clinical development and regulatory timelines and plans; and </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our anticipated use of proceeds from this offering. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These statements reflect our views as of the date on which they were made with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. The underlying information and expectations are likely to change over time. In addition, statements that &#8220;we believe&#8221; and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date the statement is made, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as actual events or results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus and in any applicable prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein or any free writing prospectus that we authorized. These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of the document containing the applicable statement. Our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, in the documents incorporated by reference herein and in any prospectus supplement by these cautionary statements. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or developments. Thus, you should not assume that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Before deciding to purchase our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed herein or incorporated by reference, in addition to the other information set forth in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-9</font>
          <br >
        </div>
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      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bUOP">&#8203;</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:304pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue and sell shares of our common stock having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $12,500,000 from time to time under this prospectus. The amount of the net proceeds to us from this offering will depend upon the number of shares of our common stock sold and the price at which they are sold. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell any shares under or fully utilize the sales agreement with Jones. Because there is no minimum offering amount required in this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, if any, for general corporate purposes, including but not limited to, clinical trial expenses, research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses and capital expenditures. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to in-license, invest in or acquire businesses, assets, or technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have no current plans, commitments, or agreements with respect to any acquisitions. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. We have not determined the amounts we plan to spend on any of the areas listed above or the timing of these expenditures. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including the actual net proceeds from this offering (which will depend on the market price of our common stock during the sales period, any limits we may set with Jones in any applicable placement notice and the demand for our common stock), the progress of our development, the status of and results from clinical trials and collaborations that we may enter into with third parties for our product candidates and any unforeseen cash needs, including the factors described under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein. As a result, our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds from this offering for other purposes, and we will have broad discretion in the application of net proceeds. </font>
        </div>
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      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-10</font>
          <br >
        </div>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bDIL">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DILUTION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our net tangible book value as of December&#160;31, 2025 was approximately $20.6&#160;million, or $2.20 per share. We calculate net tangible book value per share by dividing the net tangible book value, which is total assets less total liabilities and intangible assets as of December&#160;31, 2025, by the number of outstanding shares of our common stock. Dilution represents the difference between the portion of the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares in this offering and the as adjusted net tangible book deficit per share of our common stock immediately after giving effect to this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">After giving effect to the assumed sale by us of 3,968,253&#160;shares of our common stock in the aggregate amount of approximately $12.5&#160;million in this offering at an assumed offering price of $3.15 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on April&#160;30, 2026, and after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December&#160;31, 2025 would have been approximately $32.5&#160;million, or $2.44&#160;per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value per share of $0.24 to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value per share of $0.71 to new investors purchasing common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis to new investors participating in this offering. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:416pt;height:83pt;margin-left:20pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:346.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Assumed offering price per share </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">3.15 </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:346.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="margin-left:10pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Net tangible book value per share as of December&#160;31, 2025 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">2.20</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:12pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;padding:2.167pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt; width:346.59pt;white-space:normal;text-align:left;">
              <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:-10pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Increase in as adjusted net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing shares in this offering </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.167pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">0.24 </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:346.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">2.44 </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.25pt 0pt; width:346.59pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Dilution per share to new investors in this offering </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt;padding-bottom:1.75pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt;padding-bottom:1.75pt; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:16.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">0.71</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:13pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The table above assumes, for illustrative purposes, that an aggregate of 3,968,253&#160;shares of our common stock are sold at a price of $3.15 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on April&#160;30, 2026, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $12.5&#160;million. The shares sold in this offering, if any, will be sold from time to time at various prices. An increase of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $3.15 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our common stock in the aggregate amount of $12.5&#160;million under the Sales Agreement with Jones is sold at that price, would result in our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering being $2.73 per share and would increase the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering to $1.42 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. A decrease of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $3.15 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our common stock in the aggregate amount of $12.5&#160;million under the Sales Agreement with Jones is sold at that price, would result in our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering being $2.14 per share and would decrease the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering to $0.01 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us. This information is supplied for illustrative purposes only and may differ based on the actual offering price and the actual number of shares offered. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The above discussion and table are based on 9,381,344 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December&#160;31, 2025 and excludes, as of that date: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">489,833 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under our 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, with a weighted average exercise price of $14.35 per share; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">713,922 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under the Legacy Tvardi 2018 Stock Incentive Plan, which were assumed by the Company in connection with the Merger, with a weighted average exercise price of $3.21 per share; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-11</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:440pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">8,491 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under the Cara 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, with a weighted average exercise price of $141.14 per share; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">445,721 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, as well as any increases, at the discretion of our board of directors, in the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under this plan; and </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">93,555 shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2025 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as well as any automatic increases in the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under this plan. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To the extent that outstanding options are exercised, or we issue additional options, restricted stock&#160;units, or shares of our common stock in the future, investors purchasing shares in this offering could experience further dilution. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or equity-based securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders. </font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bPOD">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have entered into a Sales Agreement with Jones, under which we may offer and sell our shares of common stock from time to time through Jones acting as agent. Pursuant to this prospectus, we may offer and sell up to $12,500,000 of our shares of common stock. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus will be made by any method permitted that is deemed to be an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each time we wish to issue and sell our shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement, we will notify Jones of the number of shares to be issued, the dates on which such sales are anticipated to be made, any limitation on the number of shares to be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. Once we have so instructed Jones, unless Jones declines to accept the terms of such notice, Jones has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such shares up to the amount specified on such terms. The obligations of Jones under the Sales Agreement to sell our shares of common stock are subject to a number of conditions that we must meet. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The settlement of sales of shares between us and Jones is generally anticipated to occur on the first trading day following the date on which the sale was made. Sales of our shares of common stock as contemplated in this prospectus will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and Jones may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will pay Jones a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds we receive from each sale of our shares of common stock. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. In addition, we previously agreed to reimburse Jones for the fees and disbursements of its counsel, payable upon execution of the Sales Agreement, in an amount not to exceed $75,000, in addition to certain ongoing disbursements of its legal counsel. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding any commissions or expense reimbursement payable to Jones under the terms of the Sales Agreement, will be approximately $617,200. The remaining sale proceeds, after deducting any other transaction fees, will equal our net proceeds from the sale of such shares. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Jones will provide written confirmation to us before the open on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the day following each day on which our shares of common stock are sold under the Sales Agreement. Each confirmation will include the number of shares sold on that day, the aggregate gross proceeds of such sales and the proceeds to us. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In connection with the sale of our shares of common stock on our behalf, Jones will be deemed to be an &#8220;underwriter&#8221; within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of Jones will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to indemnify Jones against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. We have also agreed to contribute to payments Jones may be required to make in respect of such liabilities. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The offering of our shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate as permitted therein. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This summary of the material provisions of the Sales Agreement does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. A copy of the Sales Agreement is attached as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Jones and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking, financial advisory and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they may in the future receive customary fees. In the course of its business, Jones may actively trade our securities for its own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, Jones may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by Jones, and Jones may distribute the prospectus electronically. </font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bLEMA">&#8203;</a><a name="bEXP">&#8203;</a><a name="bWYCF">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The validity of the issuance of the common stock offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Cooley LLP, Washington, D.C. JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC is being represented in connection with this offering by Paul Hastings LLP, New York, New York. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXPERTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The financial statements of Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. as of December&#160;31, 2025 and 2024, and for each of the two&#160;years in the period ended December&#160;31, 2025, incorporated by reference in this Prospectus by reference to Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.&#8217;s <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">A</a><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">nnual </a><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">R</a><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">eport on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025</a>, have been audited by Deloitte &amp; Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and the securities we are offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement. Neither we nor any agent, underwriter or dealer has authorized any person to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the securities offered by this prospectus. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. The address of the SEC website is www.sec.gov. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We maintain a website at www.tvarditherapeutics.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-14</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC2">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="bIOCI">&#8203;</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; information that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC (other than Current Reports or portions thereof furnished under Item&#160;2.02 or Item&#160;7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits filed on such form that are related to such items and other portions of documents that are furnished, but not filed, or are otherwise not incorporated into registration statements pursuant to applicable rules promulgated by the SEC) that are filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections&#160;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i)&#160;after the date of the filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, and (ii)&#160;after the effectiveness of the registration statement but prior to the termination of all offerings of securities covered by this prospectus: </font>
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          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231x10k.htm">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2025, filed with the SEC on March&#160;31, 2026;</a> </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2025 from our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926047695/tvrd-20260609xdef14a.htm">Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule&#160;14A, filed with the SEC on April&#160;23, 2026;</a> </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926024676/tm268178d1_8k.htm">Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March&#160;6, 2026</a>; and </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the description of our common stock, which is registered under Section&#160;12 of the Exchange Act, described in <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465926037729/tvrd-20251231xex4d1.htm">Exhibit&#160;4.1</a> to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March&#160;31, 2026, including all amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, without charge upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus, including exhibits which are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. You should direct any requests for documents by writing us at 3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd., Suite 525, Sugar Land, Texas 77478, or by telephoning us at (713) 489-8654. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of the document to the extent that a statement contained in this document or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this document modifies or supersedes the statement.</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">S-15</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 2.5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="position:relative;margin-top:48.15pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <img src="lg_tvardi-4c.jpg" alt="[MISSING IMAGE: lg_tvardi-4c.jpg]" height="76" width="189" >
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Up to $12,500,000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:8pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:131.167pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 131.166666666667pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:11.63pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.24pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.24pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:8.833pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 8.83333333333331pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:72.62pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:20pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:18pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.36pt;">Jones</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.36pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:71.5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 71.5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:110.95pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;, 2026</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:62.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 62.5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 2.5pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#8201;14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the offering of the securities being registered. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:416pt;height:115.5pt;margin-left:20pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SEC registration fee </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">30,620</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">FINRA filing fee </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">30,500</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Accounting fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Legal fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Transfer agent fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Trustee fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Printing and miscellaneous expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #CCEEFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 3.25pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Total </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:5.3pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 108pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-top:7.21pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">*</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:7.21pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:11.61pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#8201;15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indemnification of Officers and Directors.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the &#8220;Charter&#8221;) limits the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability for any: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">breach of their duty of loyalty to the corporation or our stockholders; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:4.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:4.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:4.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:4.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section&#160;174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:4.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:4.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">transaction from which the directors derived an improper personal benefit. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our Charter does not eliminate a director&#8217;s duty of care and, in appropriate circumstances, equitable remedies, such as injunctive or other forms of non-monetary relief, remain available under Delaware law. These limitations also do not affect a director&#8217;s responsibilities under any other laws, such as the federal securities laws or other state or federal laws. Our Bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and executive officers, and may indemnify other officers, employees and other agents, to the fullest extent permitted by law. Our Bylaws also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding and also permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in connection with their services to us, regardless of whether our Bylaws permit such indemnification. We have obtained a directors&#8217; and officers&#8217; liability insurance policy. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our Bylaws. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors and executive officers for certain expenses, including attorneys&#8217; fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or executive officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or executive officers, or any of our subsidiaries or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. We believe that these bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our Charter and Bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-1</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our stockholders. A stockholder&#8217;s investment may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Section&#160;145 of the DGCL authorizes a corporation to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities arising out of actions, suits and proceedings to which they are made or threatened to be made a party by reason of the fact that they have served or are currently serving as a director or officer to a corporation. The indemnity may cover expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with any such action, suit or proceeding. Section&#160;145 permits corporations to pay expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees) incurred by directors and officers in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding. In addition, Section&#160;145 provides that a corporation has the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of its directors and officers against any liability asserted against them and incurred by them in their capacity as a director or officer, or arising out of their status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the director or officer against such liability under Section&#160;145. The underwriting agreement that we may enter into, filed as Exhibit&#160;1.1 to this Registration Statement, will provide for indemnification by any underwriters of the registrant, our directors, our officers who sign this Registration Statement and our controlling persons, if any, for some liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act. The Capital on Demand&#8482; Sales Agreement we have entered into, filed as Exhibit&#160;1.2 to this Registration Statement, provides for indemnification by the sales agent of the registrant, our directors, our officers who sign this Registration Statement and our controlling persons, if any, for some liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#8201;16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:332.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:9pt;min-height:18.25pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.167pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Exhibit</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Number </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.167pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Description of Document </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:17.75pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1.1* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Underwriting Agreement. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:32pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex1-2.htm">Capital on Demand&#8482; Sales Agreement, dated May&#160;1, 2026, by and between Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC.</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:44pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000119312514040346/d670092dex31.htm">Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit&#160;3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36279), filed with the SEC on February&#160;7, 2014).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:56pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465924069625/tm2416682d1_ex3-1.htm">Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated June&#160;7, 2024 (First Authorized Shares Amendment) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit&#160;3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36279), filed with the SEC on June&#160;7, 2024).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:56pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.3 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465924132481/tm2430195d4_ex3-1.htm">Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated December&#160;30, 2024 (First Stock Split Amendment) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit&#160;3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36279), filed with the SEC on December&#160;30, 2024).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:56pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.4 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465925035121/tm2512159d1_ex3-1.htm">Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cara Therapeutics, Inc., dated April&#160;15, 2025 (Second Stock Split Amendment). (incorporated by reference from Exhibit&#160;3.1 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36279), filed with the SEC on April&#160;15, 2025).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:57.5pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.5 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465925035121/tm2512159d1_ex3-2.htm">Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cara Therapeutics, Inc., dated April&#160;15, 2025 (Second Authorized Shares Amendment) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit&#160;3.2 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36279), filed with the SEC on April&#160;15, 2025).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-2</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;height:340.5pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:9pt;min-height:18.25pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.167pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Exhibit</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Number </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.167pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Description of Document </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:53.75pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.6 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.917pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000110465925035121/tm2512159d1_ex3-3.htm">Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cara Therapeutics, Inc., dated April&#160;15, 2025 (Name Change Amendment) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit&#160;3.3 to the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36279), filed with the SEC on April&#160;15, 2025).</a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;min-height:32pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3.7 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:4.667pt 0pt 3.333pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1346830/000155837024015713/cara-20240930xex3d2.htm">Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference from Exhibit&#160;3.2 to the Registrant&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-36279), filed with the SEC on November&#160;14, 2024).</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.1* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate and Certificate of Designation of Preferred Stock. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex4-2.htm">Form of Indenture, between the registrant and one or more trustees to be named.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.3* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Debt Securities. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.4 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex4-4.htm">Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.5 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex4-5.htm">Form of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.6 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex4-6.htm">Form of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">5.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex5-1.htm">Opinion of Cooley LLP.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23.1 </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex23-1.htm">Consent of Deloitte &amp; Touche, independent registered public accounting firm of the Registrant.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23.2 </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d2_ex5-1.htm">Consent of Cooley LLP (included in Exhibit&#160;5.1).</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">24.1 </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a href="#tPOTA">Power of Attorney. Reference is made to the signature page hereto. </a>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:20pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <div style="text-align:justify;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">25.1** </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Indenture. </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;min-height:21.5pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">107 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6pt 0pt 4pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2613101d1_ex-filingfees.htm">Filing Fee Table.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 108pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-top:6.61pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">*</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6.61pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To be filed by amendment or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference, if applicable. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:2.61pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">**</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:2.61pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To be filed, if applicable, in accordance with the requirements of Section&#160;305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and Rule&#160;5b-3 thereunder. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:10.23pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#8201;17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Undertakings</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:60pt; margin-top:8pt; width:396pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To include any prospectus required by Section&#160;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:40pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:416pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20&#160;percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement; and </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; </font>
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      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-3</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-left:40pt; width:416pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13 or Section&#160;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement or are contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) that is part of this registration statement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:7.12pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:7.12pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:40pt; margin-top:7.12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:40pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:7.11pt; width:416pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:40pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:7.11pt; width:416pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule&#160;430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule&#160;415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x)&#160;for the purpose of providing the information required by Section&#160;10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule&#160;430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:7.11pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (i)&#160;any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424; (ii)&#160;any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; (iii)&#160;the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and (iv)&#160;any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:7.11pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:7.11pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a)&#160;of Section&#160;310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section&#160;305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-4</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:508pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-5</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:9pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:455pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SIGNATURES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Houston, State of Texas, on May&#160;1, 2026. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:70pt;margin-top:20pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:212pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt; width:0pt;" colspan="4">
              <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">TVARDI THERAPEUTICS, INC.</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:212pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:21.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:8pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">By: </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:21.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:212pt;white-space:normal;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Imran Alibhai </font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 212pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:212pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:8pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:212pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Imran Alibhai</font>
              <br >
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chief Executive Officer</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-6</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style=" width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tPOTA">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:81.5pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">POWER OF ATTORNEY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Imran Alibhai and Dan Conn as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with the full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place or stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement (including post-effective amendments), and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule&#160;462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as she or he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:313.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;min-height:8.25pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Signature </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Title </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Date </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:44.75pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:12.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Imran Alibhai </font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 159.79pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Imran Alibhai </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:12.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chief Executive Officer and Director</font>
                <br >
                <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(Principal Executive Officer)</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:12.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Dan Conn </font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Dan Conn </font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chief Financial Officer</font>
                <br >
                <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(Principal Financial Officer)</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Stephen O&#8217;Brien</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 159.79pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Stephen O&#8217;Brien </font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Vice President, Finance and Corporate Controller</font>
                <br >
                <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(Principal Accounting Officer)</font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Sujal Shah</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 159.79pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Sujal Shah </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Wallace Hall</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 159.79pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Wallace Hall </font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Michael S. Wyzga</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 159.79pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Michael S. Wyzga </font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:38pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Cynthia Smith</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 159.79pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Cynthia Smith </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:6.667pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:159.79pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Susan Shiff</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 159.79pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Susan Shiff </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:228pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:4pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:1px 0pt; width:52.21pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">May&#160;1, 2026</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-7</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
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  </body>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1.2
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2613101d2_ex1-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 1.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&nbsp;1.2</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">($0.001 par value
per share)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Capital
on Demand</B>&trade; <B>Sales Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May&nbsp;1,
2026</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">JonesTrading Institutional
Services LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">325 Hudson Street,
6th Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New York, NY 10013</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ladies and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), confirms its agreement (this &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;)
with JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (the &ldquo;<U>Agent</U>&rdquo;), as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Issuance
and Sale of Shares</U>. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through or to the Agent, as agent or principal, shares (the &ldquo;<U>Placement Shares</U>&rdquo;)
of common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share (the &ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>"), <I>provided, however</I>, that in
no event shall the Company issue or sell, through or to the Agent, Placement Shares for an aggregate gross sales proceeds that would
exceed (a)&nbsp;the dollar amount of shares of Common Stock registered on the Registration Statement (as defined below), (b)&nbsp;the
number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock, or (c)&nbsp;the dollar amount of shares of Common Stock permitted to be sold
under Form&nbsp;S-3, including General Instruction I.B.6 of Form&nbsp;S-3, or (d)&nbsp;the dollar amount of shares of Common Stock for
which the Company has filed a Prospectus (as defined below) (the lesser of (a), (b), (c)&nbsp;and (d), the &ldquo;<U>Maximum Amount</U>").
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in
this Section&nbsp;1 on the amount of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company
and that the Agent shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance, <I>provided that</I> the Agent follows the trading instructions
provided by the Company pursuant to any Placement Notice in all material respects. The issuance and sale of Placement Shares hereunder
will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement and at no earlier time than such time as the Registration Statement shall have
become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>"), although nothing in this Agreement
shall be construed as requiring the Company to issue any Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">As
of the date hereof, the Company has filed, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the &ldquo;<U>Commission</U>") a registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3, including a base prospectus, relating to
certain securities, including the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference
documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>"). The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement
to the base prospectus included as part of the registration statement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus
Supplement</U>"). The Company will furnish to the Agent, for use by the Agent, copies of the base prospectus included as part of
such registration statement, as supplemented by Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares. Except where the context otherwise
requires, such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated
by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule&nbsp;430B
or 462(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act or any subsequent registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415(a)(6)&nbsp;under
the Securities Act by the Company to cover any Placement Shares, as a result of the end of the three-year period described in Rule&nbsp;415(a)(5)&nbsp;of
the Securities Act, is herein called the &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>.&rdquo; The base prospectus, including all documents incorporated
therein by reference, to the extent such information has not been superseded or modified in accordance with Rule&nbsp;412 under the Securities
Act (as qualified by Rule&nbsp;430B(g)&nbsp;of the Securities Act), included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented
by one or more prospectus supplements, in the form in which such Prospectus Supplement has most recently been filed by the Company with
the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, together with any then issued Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
(defined below), is herein called the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus</U>.&rdquo; Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any
reference herein to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission
deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any
reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall
be deemed to refer to and include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein (the &ldquo;<U>Incorporated Documents</U>"),
including, unless the context otherwise requires, the documents, if any, filed as exhibits to such Incorporated Documents. Any reference
herein to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration Statement,
the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of
any document under the Exchange Act on or after the most-recent effective date of the Registration Statement, or the date of the Prospectus
or such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, and incorporated therein by reference. For purposes of this Agreement, all
references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include any copy
filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system, or if applicable, the Interactive
Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, &ldquo;<U>EDGAR</U>").</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Placements</U>.
Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a &ldquo;<U>Placement</U>"), it will notify
the Agent by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) of the number or dollar value of Placement Shares
to be sold, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be
sold in any one Trading Day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a &ldquo;<U>Placement Notice</U>"), the form
of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth
on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each
of the individuals from the Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3 may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice
shall be effective unless and until (i)&nbsp;the Agent declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion
(which must be evidenced by a written notice to the Company, addressed to the individuals set forth on Schedule 3 within one (1)&nbsp;Business
Day (as defined below) after receipt of such Placement Notice), (ii)&nbsp;the entire amount of the Placement Shares to be sold thereunder
have been sold, (iii)&nbsp;the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice for any reason, in its sole discretion, (iv)&nbsp;the
Company issues a subsequent Placement Notice with parameters superseding those of the earlier dated Placement Notice, or (v)&nbsp;this
Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of Section&nbsp;12. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to
be paid by the Company to the Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms
set forth in Schedule 2. It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Agent will have any obligation whatsoever
with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the Agent and the Agent
does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein.
In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice
will control.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Sale
of Placement Shares by the Agent</U>. Subject to the provisions of <U>Section&nbsp;5(a)</U>, the Agent, for the period specified in the
Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable
state and federal laws, rules&nbsp;and regulations and the rules&nbsp;of The Nasdaq Capital Market (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange</U>"),
to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. The
Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than 5:00 p.m.&nbsp;ET on the Trading Day on which it has made sales
of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company
to the Agent pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;2</U> with respect to such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company,
with an itemization of the deductions made by the Agent (as set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;5(b)</U>) from the gross proceeds that it receives
from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice, the Agent may sell Placement Shares by any method permitted by law deemed
to be an &ldquo;at the market offering&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;415(a)(4)&nbsp;under the Securities Act, including without limitation,
(i)&nbsp;sales made directly on the Exchange, on any other existing trading market for the Common Stock, and (ii)&nbsp;by any other method
permitted by law and the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Exchange, including but not limited to negotiated transactions, with the Company&rsquo;s
prior written consent; <I>provided, however</I>, all sales of Placement Shares shall be conducted so as to qualify as a &ldquo;public
offering,&rdquo; as those terms are used in Rule&nbsp;5635(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange listing rules. During the term of this Agreement,
neither the Agent nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries, shall, for their own respective accounts, engage in (i)&nbsp;any short sale
of any security of the Company, (ii)&nbsp;any sale of any security of the Company that the Agent or such affiliate or subsidiary does
not own or any sale which is consummated by the delivery of a security of the Company borrowed by, or for the account of, the Agent or
such affiliate or subsidiary, or (iii)&nbsp;in any proprietary trading account or otherwise for the Agent&rsquo;s (or its affiliates&rsquo;
or subsidiaries&rsquo;) own account. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these restrictions shall not apply to bona fide transactions executed
by the Agent on behalf and at the direction of any of its third-party customer accounts.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Suspension
of Sales</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company or the Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of
the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom
the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence
to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; <I>provided, however</I>,
that such suspension shall not affect or impair any party&rsquo;s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior
to the receipt of such notice. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the obligations under Section&nbsp;7(m), 7(n), and 7(o)&nbsp;with
respect to delivery of certificates, opinions and comfort letters to the Agent shall not apply while a suspension of sales under this
Section&nbsp;4 is in effect. Each party agrees that no such notice under this Section&nbsp;4 shall be effective against any other party
unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto as associated with such other party, as such Schedule may be amended
in writing from time to time.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Sale
and Delivery to the Agent; Settlement</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Sale
of Placement Shares</U><I>. </I> On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions
herein set forth, upon the Agent&rsquo;s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described
therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Agent, for the period
specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices
and applicable state and federal laws, rules&nbsp;and regulations and the rules&nbsp;of the Exchange to sell such Placement Shares up
to the amount specified in such Placement Notice, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges
and agrees that (i)&nbsp;there can be no assurance that the Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii)&nbsp;the Agent
will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason
other than a failure by the Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and
applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement and (iii)&nbsp;the Agent shall be under
no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the Agent and
the Company.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Settlement
of Placement Shares</U><I>. </I> Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares
will occur on the first (1<SUP>st</SUP>) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following
the date on which such sales are made (each, a &ldquo;<U>Settlement Date</U>"). The Agent shall notify the Company of each sale
of Placement Shares no later than 5:00 p.m.&nbsp;ET on the Trading Day that the Agent sold Placement Shares. The amount of proceeds to
be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the &ldquo;<U>Net Proceeds</U>")
will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by the Agent, after deduction for (i)&nbsp;the Agent&rsquo;s commission, discount
or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 hereof, and (ii)&nbsp;any transaction fees imposed
by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Delivery
of Placement Shares</U>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer
the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Agent&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s account (provided the Agent shall have given the
Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through
its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto
which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, the Agent
will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date.
The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Shares
on a Settlement Date through no fault of the Agent, the Company agrees that in addition to, and in no way limiting, the rights and obligations
set forth in Section&nbsp;10(a)&nbsp;hereto, it will (i)&nbsp;hold the Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable
and documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with
such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii)&nbsp;pay to the Agent (without duplication) any commission,
discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Limitations
on Offering Size</U><I>. </I>Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if,
after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this
Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A)&nbsp;together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount and
(B)&nbsp;the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company&rsquo;s board of directors,
a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Agent in writing. Under no circumstances
shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum
price authorized from time to time by the Company&rsquo;s board of directors, duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized
executive committee, and notified to the Agent in writing. Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause or permit the aggregate
gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement to exceed the Maximum Amount.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Representations
and Warranties of the Company</U>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (to the extent such information has
not been superseded or modified in accordance with Rule&nbsp;412 under the Securities Act (as qualified by Rule&nbsp;430B(g)&nbsp;of
the Securities Act)) (including the Incorporated Documents), the Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with the Agent that as
of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies
otherwise:</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registration
Statement and Prospectus</U>. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet
the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form&nbsp;S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement
has been, or will be, filed with the Commission and will become effective under the Securities Act prior to the issuance of any Placement
Notice by the Company. The Prospectus Supplement will name the Agent as agent, in the section entitled &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;
The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration
Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement
Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with
said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or
the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been or will be so described or filed. Copies of the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed
with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Agent and its
counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution
of the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other
than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to which the Agent has consented. The Company
has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange
Act, delisting the Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the Exchange
is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing
requirements of the Exchange. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be in compliance
with all such listing and maintenance requirements.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Misstatement or Omission</U>. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, and the Prospectus, and any amendment
or supplement thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform in all material respects
with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date,
will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes
effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date
thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The
documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein
will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and
in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by Agent specifically for use in the preparation thereof.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Conformity
with Securities Act and Exchange Act</U>. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment
or supplement thereto, and the Incorporated Documents, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities
Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed and will conform in all
material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Financial
Information</U>. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement,
the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) as of the dates indicated and the results
of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders&rsquo; equity of the Company and the Subsidiaries for the periods specified (subject,
in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments) and have been prepared in compliance with
the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in
the United States ("<U>GAAP</U>") applied on a consistent basis (except for (i)&nbsp;such adjustments to accounting standards
and practices as are noted therein, (ii)&nbsp;in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, to the extent such financial statements
may not include footnotes required by GAAP or may be condensed or summary statements and (iii)&nbsp;such adjustments which will not be
material, either individually or in the aggregate) during the periods involved. The summary and selected consolidated financial data
with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, fairly present in all material respects the information shown therein as of the respective
dates and for the respective periods specified and are derived from the financial statements set forth in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus and the other books and records of the Company. There are no financial statements that are required to be included
or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated by reference as required;
the Company and the Subsidiaries do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off-balance
sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (excluding the exhibits thereto), and the Prospectus. All disclosures
contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any,
regarding &ldquo;non-GAAP financial measures&rdquo; (as such term is defined by the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission) comply
in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent
applicable.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Conformity
with EDGAR Filing</U>. The Prospectus delivered to the Agent for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to
this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR,
except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Listing</U>.
The Company is subject to and in compliance in all material respects with the reporting requirements of Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b)&nbsp;or Section&nbsp;12(g)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and
is listed on the Exchange, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or reasonably likely to have the effect of, terminating the
registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from the Exchange, nor has the Company received
any written notification that the Commission or the Exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. All of the Placement
Shares that have been or may be sold under this Agreement have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject to official notice
of issuance; the Company has taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon and at all times after the Exchange shall have approved
the Placement Shares for listing, it will be in compliance with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Exchange&rsquo;s
listing rules&nbsp;that are then in effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Organization</U>.
The Company and its Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the laws
of their respective jurisdictions of organization. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly licensed or qualified as a foreign
corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease
of property or the conduct of its business requires such license or qualification, and has all corporate power and authority necessary
to own or hold its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except where
the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have
a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on or affecting the assets, business, operations,
earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders&rsquo; equity or results of operations of the Company
and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, or prevent or materially interfere with consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (a
"<U>Material Adverse Effect</U>").</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Subsidiaries</U>. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than
the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit&nbsp;21.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the most recently ended fiscal
year and other than (i)&nbsp;those subsidiaries not required to be listed on Exhibit&nbsp;21.1 by Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the
Exchange Act and (ii)&nbsp;those subsidiaries formed since the last day of the most recently ended fiscal year.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Violation or Default</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is (i)&nbsp;in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational
documents; (ii)&nbsp;in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default,
in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement
or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound
or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is subject; or (iii)&nbsp;in violation of any law or statute
or any judgment, order, rule&nbsp;or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case
of each of clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii)&nbsp;above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which
it or any Subsidiary is a party is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Material Adverse Effect</U>. Subsequent to the respective dates of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein), there has not been
(i)&nbsp;any Material Adverse Effect or the occurrence of any development that the Company reasonably expects will result in a Material
Adverse Effect, (ii)&nbsp;any transaction which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii)&nbsp;any obligation
or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company or the Subsidiaries which is
material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv)&nbsp;any material change in the capital stock or outstanding long-term
indebtedness of the Company or the Subsidiaries (other than (A)&nbsp;the grant of awards under equity incentive plans, (B)&nbsp;changes
in the number of shares of outstanding Common Stock due to exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for or convertible into Common
Stock outstanding as of the date of this Agreement, (C)&nbsp;any repurchase of capital stock of the Company, (D)&nbsp;as a result of
the sale of Placement Shares or (E)&nbsp;other than as publicly reported or announced) or (v)&nbsp;any dividend or distribution of any
kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above in the ordinary course
of business or as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document deemed incorporated by reference
therein).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Capitalization</U>.
The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and, other
than as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal
or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of options and restricted stock units under the Company&rsquo;s
existing stock option plans, or changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares
upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof) and
such authorized capital stock conforms in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus. The description of the securities of the Company in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate
in all material respects. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as of the date referred to therein, the
Company does not have outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations
convertible into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Authorization;
Enforceability</U>. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated
hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of
the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that (i)&nbsp;enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general equitable principles
and (ii)&nbsp;the indemnification and contribution provisions of Section&nbsp;10 hereof may be limited by federal or state securities
laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof..</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(m)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Authorization
of Placement Shares</U>. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of
the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly authorized, validly issued
and fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim (other than any
pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest, or other claim arising from an act or omission of any Agent or a purchaser), including
any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered
pursuant to Section&nbsp;12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the description
thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(n)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Consents Required</U>. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or
governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company is required for the execution, delivery and performance by
the Company this Agreement, the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations,
orders and registrations or qualifications as may been obtained or be required under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws
and rules&nbsp;of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("<U>FINRA</U>") or the Exchange in connection with the sale
of the Placement Shares by the Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(o)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Preferential Rights</U>. (i)&nbsp;No person, as such term is defined in Rule&nbsp;1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities
Act (each, a &ldquo;<U>Person</U>"), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person
any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise of options or
warrants to purchase Common Stock), (ii)&nbsp;no Person has any preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal, or any other
rights (whether pursuant to a &ldquo;poison pill&rdquo; provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other capital
stock or other securities of the Company, (iii)&nbsp;no Person has the right to act as an underwriter, other than the Agent, or as a
financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, and (iv)&nbsp;no Person has the right,
contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common Stock or shares of any other capital
stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering
contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares
as contemplated thereby or otherwise, except for such rights as have been or will be duly waived on or prior to the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(p)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Independent
Public Accountant</U>. Deloitte&nbsp;&amp; Touche LLP, the Company&rsquo;s current auditor (the &ldquo;<U>Accountants</U>"), whose
reports on the financial statements of the Company are filed with the Commission as part of the Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report
on Form&nbsp;10-K filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, is and,
during the periods covered by its report, was an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company within the
meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the
Accountants are not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the &ldquo;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley
Act</U>") with respect to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(q)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Enforceability
of Agreements</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, all agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the
Prospectus, other than such agreements that have expired by their terms or the termination of which is disclosed in documents filed by
the Company on EDGAR, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms,
except to the extent that (i)&nbsp;enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws
affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii)&nbsp;the indemnification provisions of certain
agreements may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof; except for any unenforceability
that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(r)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Litigation</U>. There are no legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings pending, nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
any legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the
Company or any Subsidiary is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary,
would have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this
Agreement; to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental
or regulatory authority or threatened by others that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any
Subsidiary, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (i)&nbsp;there are no current or pending legal, governmental,
actions, suits or proceedings, or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, investigations or regulatory audits that are required under the
Securities Act to be described in the Prospectus that are not so described; and (ii)&nbsp;there are no contracts or other documents that
are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(s)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Licenses
and Permits</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have made all filings, applications and submissions required by, possess and are operating
in compliance with, all approvals, licenses, certificates, certifications, clearances, consents, grants, exemptions, marks, notifications,
orders, permits and other authorizations issued by, the appropriate federal, state or foreign governmental authority (including, without
limitation, the United States Food and Drug Administration (the &ldquo;<U>FDA</U>"), the United States Drug Enforcement Administration
or any other foreign, federal, state, provincial, court or local government or regulatory authorities including self-regulatory organizations
engaged in the regulation of clinical trials, pharmaceuticals, biologics or biohazardous substances or materials) necessary for the ownership
or lease of their respective properties or to conduct its businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (collectively,
"<U>Permits</U>"), except for such Permits the failure of which to possess, obtain or make the same would not have a Material
Adverse Effect; the Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Permits, except where the
failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect; all of the Permits are valid and in full force and effect, except
where any invalidity, individually or in the aggregate, would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice relating to the limitation, revocation, cancellation, suspension,
modification or non-renewal of any such Permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or
finding, would have a Material Adverse Effect, or has any reason to believe that any such license, certificate, permit or authorization
will not be renewed in the ordinary course. To the extent required by applicable laws and regulations of the FDA, the Company or the
applicable Subsidiary has submitted to the FDA an Investigational New Drug Application or amendment or supplement thereto for each clinical
trial it has conducted or sponsored or is conducting or sponsoring; to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, all such submissions were in material
compliance with applicable laws and rules&nbsp;and regulations when submitted and no material deficiencies have been asserted by the
FDA with respect to any such submissions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(t)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Regulatory
Filings</U>. The Company has not failed to file with the applicable regulatory authorities (including, without limitation, the FDA, or
any foreign, federal, state, provincial or local governmental authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA) any
required filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission, except for such failures that, individually or in the aggregate,
would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
all such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in compliance with applicable laws when filed and
no deficiencies have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations,
reports or submissions, except for any deficiencies that, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
The Company has operated and currently is, in all material respects, in compliance with the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act, all applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations of the FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign governmental authority exercising
comparable authority.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(u)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Compliance
with Applicable Laws</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries: (A)&nbsp;are and at all times have been in material compliance with all statutes,
rules&nbsp;and regulations applicable to the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution,
marketing, labeling, promotion, sale, offer for sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product under development, manufactured
or distributed by the Company or the Subsidiaries ("<U>Applicable Laws</U>"), (b)&nbsp;have not received any Form&nbsp;483
from the FDA, notice of adverse finding, warning letter, or other written correspondence or notice from the FDA, the European Medicines
Agency (the &ldquo;<U>EMA</U>"), or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority alleging or
asserting material noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits
and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws ("<U>Authorizations</U>"), which would, individually
or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect; (C)&nbsp;possess all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid
and in full force and effect and neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries is in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations;
(D)&nbsp;have not received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or
other action from the FDA, the EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority or third party
alleging that any Company product, operation or activity is in material violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no
knowledge that the FDA, the EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority or third party is
considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding against the Company; (E)&nbsp;have not
received written notice that the FDA, EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority has taken,
is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any material Authorizations and has no knowledge that the FDA,
EMA, or any other federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authority is considering such action; and (F)&nbsp;have
filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements
or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations except where the failure to file such reports, documents, forms, notices,
applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments would not result in a Material Adverse Effect, and that all
such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were materially complete
and correct on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(v)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Clinical
Studies</U>. The animal and other preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by the Company or on behalf of the Company were,
and, if still pending are, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, being conducted in all material respects in compliance with all Applicable
Laws and in accordance with experimental protocols, procedures and controls generally used by qualified experts in the preclinical study
and clinical trials of new drugs and biologics as applied to comparable products to those being developed by the Company; the descriptions
of the results of such preclinical studies and clinical trials contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are accurate
and complete in all material respects, and, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has no
knowledge of any other clinical trials or preclinical studies, the results of which reasonably call into question the clinical trial
or preclinical study results described or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus when viewed in the context in
which such results are described; and the Company has not received any written notices or correspondence from the FDA, the EMA, or any
other domestic or foreign governmental agency requiring the termination, suspension or modification of any preclinical studies or clinical
trials conducted by or on behalf of the Company that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or the results of
which are referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(w)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Market
Capitalization</U>. The Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act) and has not been a shell
company for at least 12 calendar months previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed current Form&nbsp;10
information (as defined in Instruction I.B.6 of Form&nbsp;S-3) with the Commission at least 12 calendar months previously reflecting
its status as an entity that is not a shell company.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(x)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Material Defaults</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or
on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act since
the filing of its last Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K, indicating that it (i)&nbsp;has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment
on preferred stock or (ii)&nbsp;has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term
leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(y)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Certain
Market Activities</U>. Neither the Company, any Subsidiary nor any of its directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or would reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange
Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the
Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(z)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Broker/Dealer
Relationships</U>. Neither the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, nor any of the Company&rsquo;s affiliates (i)&nbsp;is required to register
as a &ldquo;broker&rdquo; or &ldquo;dealer&rdquo; in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii)&nbsp;directly or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a &ldquo;person associated with a member&rdquo; or &ldquo;associated person of a member&rdquo;
(within the meaning set forth in the rules&nbsp;and regulations of FINRA).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(aa)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Reliance</U>. The Company has not relied upon the Agent or legal counsel for the Agent for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection
with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(bb)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Taxes</U>.
The Company and the Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed and
paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good
faith, except where the failure to file or pay would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated
by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary which
has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge
of any federal, state or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been asserted or threatened against it which
would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(cc)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Title
to Real and Personal Property</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all items of real property owned
by them and good and valid title to all personal property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being owned by them
that are material to the businesses of the Company or such Subsidiary, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims,
except those that (i)&nbsp;do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and
the Subsidiaries or (ii)&nbsp;would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property described
in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being leased by the Company and the Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing
and enforceable leases, except those that (A)&nbsp;do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property
by the Company or the Subsidiaries or (B)&nbsp;would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(dd)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Intellectual
Property</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries own or possess enforceable rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks
(both registered and unregistered), service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses
and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures)
(collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property</U>"), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as conducted
as of the date hereof, except to the extent that the failure to own or possess adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
has received any written notice of any claim of infringement or conflict which asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which
infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending,
or to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings challenging the Company&rsquo;s or any
Subsidiary&rsquo;s rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s patents, patent
applications or proprietary information, except if such proceedings would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ee)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Environmental
Laws</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and the Subsidiaries (i)&nbsp;are in compliance
with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection
of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Environmental
Laws</U>"); (ii)&nbsp;have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under
applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and
(iii)&nbsp;have not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release
of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii)&nbsp;or (iii)&nbsp;above,
for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually
or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ff)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Disclosure
Controls</U>. The Company maintains systems of &ldquo;internal control over financial reporting&rdquo; (as such term is defined in Rule&nbsp;13a-15(f)&nbsp;of
the Exchange Act) that is designed to comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed to provide reasonable assurance
that (i)&nbsp;transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations; (ii)&nbsp;transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and
to maintain asset accountability; (iii)&nbsp;access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific
authorization; and (iv)&nbsp;the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and
appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control
over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Prospectus or the Incorporated Documents). Since the date of the latest audited
financial statements of the Company included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over
financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&rsquo;s internal control
over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules&nbsp;13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure
that material information relating to the Company is made known to the certifying officers by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K or Quarterly Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q, as the case may
be, is being prepared. The Company&rsquo;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s disclosure controls
and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of the Form&nbsp;10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (such
date, the &ldquo;<U>Evaluation Date</U>"). The Company presented in its Form&nbsp;10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended
the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations
as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no significant changes in the Company&rsquo;s internal controls
or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, in other factors that would be reasonably expected to significantly affect the Company&rsquo;s
internal controls. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company&rsquo;s &ldquo;internal controls over financial reporting&rdquo; and
 &ldquo;disclosure controls and procedures&rdquo; are effective.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(gg)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley</U>.
There has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company&rsquo;s directors or officers,
in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the applicable
rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder in all material respects. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal
financial officer of the Company (or each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer
of the Company as applicable) has made all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to
all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission during
the 12 months prior to the date of this Agreement. For purposes of the preceding sentence, &ldquo;principal executive officer&rdquo;
and &ldquo;principal financial officer&rdquo; shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(hh)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>XBRL</U>.
The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly
presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission&rsquo;s rules&nbsp;and
guidelines applicable thereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Finder&rsquo;s
Fees</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has incurred any liability for any finder&rsquo;s fees, brokerage commissions or similar
payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to Agent pursuant to this
Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(jj)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Labor
Disputes</U>. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any Subsidiary exists or, to the knowledge of the Company,
is threatened which would have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(kk)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Related
Party Transactions</U>. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any Subsidiary or
any other person required to be described in the Prospectus which have not been described as required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ll)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Investment
Company Act</U>. Neither the Company or any Subsidiary is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares, will
it be an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; or an entity &ldquo;controlled&rdquo; by an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such terms
are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Investment Company Act</U>").</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(mm)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Operations</U>.
The operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record
keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes
of all jurisdictions to which the Company or the Subsidiaries are subject, the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder and any related
or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Money
Laundering Laws</U>"), except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect; and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court
or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering
Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(nn)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements</U>. There are no transactions, arrangements and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or, to
the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance,
special purpose or limited purpose entity (each, an &ldquo;<U>Off Balance Sheet Transaction</U>") that would reasonably be expected
to affect materially the Company&rsquo;s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources required to be described
in the Prospectus which have not been described as required.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(oo)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Other
Agreements</U>. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other &ldquo;at the market&rdquo; or
continuous equity transaction other than this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(pp)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ERISA</U>.
To the knowledge of the Company, each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section&nbsp;3(3)&nbsp;of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("<U>ERISA</U>"), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company
or any of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company and the Subsidiaries has been maintained in material compliance
with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules&nbsp;and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA
and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Code</U>"); no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section&nbsp;406
of ERISA or Section&nbsp;4975 of the Code, has occurred which would result in a material liability to the Company with respect to any
such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; and for each such plan that is subject
to the funding rules&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;412 of the Code or Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA, no &ldquo;accumulated funding deficiency&rdquo;
as defined in Section&nbsp;412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each
such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such
plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(qq)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Forward
Looking Statements; Statistical and Market-Related Data</U>. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of
the Securities Act and Section&nbsp;21E of the Exchange Act) (a &ldquo;<U>Forward Looking Statement</U>") contained in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus (i)&nbsp;has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good
faith, and (iii)&nbsp;been prepared in accordance with Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. The statistical and market-related
data included in the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate in all material
respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(rr)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Agent
Purchases</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that Agent has informed the Company that the Agent may, to the extent permitted under
the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, purchase and sell Common Stock for its own account while this Agreement is in effect, provided,
that (i)&nbsp;no such purchase or sales shall take place while a Placement Notice is in effect (except to the extent the Agent may engage
in sales of Placement Shares purchased or deemed purchased from the Company as a &ldquo;riskless principal&rdquo; or in a similar capacity)
<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">and (ii)</FONT>&nbsp;the Company shall not be deemed to have authorized or consented to any such
purchases or sales by the Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ss)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Margin
Rules</U>. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company
as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(tt)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Insurance</U>.
The Company and the Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and the Subsidiaries
reasonably believe is adequate for the conduct of their business and as is customary for companies of similar size engaged in similar
businesses in similar industries.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(uu)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Improper Practices</U>. (i)&nbsp;Neither the Company nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries nor any of their respective
executive officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed
fully to disclose any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for,
any federal, state, municipal, or foreign office or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any
law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii)&nbsp;no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or
among the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and the directors,
officers and stockholders of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries, on the other hand, that is required
by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii)&nbsp;no relationship,
direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or the Subsidiaries or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any affiliate of them,
on the one hand, and the directors, officers or stockholders of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries, on
the other hand, that is required by the rules&nbsp;of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is
not so described; (iv)&nbsp;there are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company
or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Subsidiaries to or for the benefit of any of their respective officers or directors or any
of the members of the families of any of them; (v)&nbsp;the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock
to any person with the intent to influence unlawfully (A)&nbsp;a customer or supplier of the Company or the Subsidiaries to alter the
customer&rsquo;s or supplier&rsquo;s level or type of business with the Company or the Subsidiaries or (B)&nbsp;a trade journalist or
publication to write or publish favorable information about the Company or the Subsidiaries or any of their respective products or services,
and, (vi)&nbsp;neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or
the Subsidiaries has made any payment of funds of the Company or the Subsidiaries or received or retained any funds in violation of any
applicable law, rule&nbsp;or regulation (including, without limitation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977), which payment, receipt
or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(vv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</U>. If and when permitted to be used, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus,
as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below), did not, does not and will not, through the completion of the
Placement for which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus is used or deemed used, include any information that conflicted, conflicts or
will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed
to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from
any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Agent specifically
for use therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ww)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Conflicts</U>. Neither the execution of this Agreement by the Company, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Placement Shares, nor
the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated herein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof
will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute a default
under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets
of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which any of the property
or assets of the Company is subject, except (i)&nbsp;such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may have been waived and (ii)&nbsp;such
conflicts, breaches and defaults that would not have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result (x)&nbsp;in any violation
of the provisions of the organizational or governing documents of the Company, or (y)&nbsp;in any violation of the provisions of any
statute or any order, rule&nbsp;or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state or other regulatory
authority or other government body having jurisdiction over the Company, other than in each case any such conflict, breach or violation
that, individually or in the aggregate, which would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(xx)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Sanctions</U>.
(i)&nbsp;<U>Sanctions</U>. (i)&nbsp;The Company represents that, neither it nor any Subsidiary (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Entity</U>")
nor, to the Entity&rsquo;s knowledge, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative of the Entity, is a government,
individual, or entity that is, or is 50% or more owned or otherwise controlled by persons that are:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)&#8239;&#8239;the
subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury&rsquo;s Office of Foreign Assets Control ("<U>OFAC</U>"),
the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty&rsquo;s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively,
"<U>Sanctions</U>"), nor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)&#8239;&#8239;located,
organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of comprehensive country-wide or territory-wide Sanctions administered
by OFAC ("<U>Sanctioned Countries</U>").</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;The
Entity represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, knowingly use, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available
the proceeds of the offering to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)&#8239;&#8239;to
fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding
or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions or a Sanctioned Country, respectively; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)&#8239;&#8239;in
any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any person (including any person participating in the offering, whether
as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;The
Entity represents and covenants that, for the past 5 years, it has not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and will
not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing
or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions or a Sanctioned Country, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(yy)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Stock
Transfer Taxes</U>. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required to be paid
in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided
for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with in all material respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(zz)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>IT
Systems and Privacy</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Since
January&nbsp;1, 2024, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
there has been no security breach or other compromise of the Company&rsquo;s and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; information technology and computer
systems, networks, hardware, software, and confidential data (including such data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers,
vendors and any third party data maintained by the Company), ("<U>IT Systems and Data</U>").</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Since
January&nbsp;1, 2024, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries
have complied with all applicable (A)&nbsp;laws, statutes or any judgment, order, rule&nbsp;or regulation of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, (B)&nbsp;internal written policies of the Company and its Subsidiaries and (C)&nbsp; contractual
obligations, in each case (A)&nbsp;through (C)&nbsp;governing the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of
such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Since
January&nbsp;1, 2024, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries
have implemented commercially reasonable backup and disaster recovery technology taking into account, as applicable, the Company and
its Subsidiaries&rsquo; resources as well as the nature of the relevant systems and data.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any
certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agent or to counsel for the Agent pursuant to or by the express
terms of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agent as to the matters
set forth therein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Covenants
of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees with Agent that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registration
Statement Amendments</U>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares
is required to be delivered by Agent under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;172 under the Securities Act), (i)&nbsp;the Company will notify the Agent promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment
to the Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus
has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for
additional information related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (ii)&nbsp;in the Company&rsquo;s sole discretion,
the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon the Agent&rsquo;s reasonable request, any amendments or supplements
to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in the Agent&rsquo;s reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection
with the distribution of the Placement Shares by the Agent (provided, however, that the failure of the Agent to make such request shall
not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agent&rsquo;s right to rely on the representations and
warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agent shall have with respect to the
failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); (iii)&nbsp;the
Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference,
relating to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to Agent
within a reasonable period of time before the filing and the Agent has not reasonably objected thereto in writing within two (2)&nbsp;Business
Days (provided, however, that (A)&nbsp;the failure of the Agent to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation
or liability hereunder, or affect the Agent&rsquo;s right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement
and (B)&nbsp;the Company has no obligation to provide the Agent any advance copy of such filing or to provide Agent an opportunity to
object to such filing if the filing does not name the Agent or does not relate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and
provided, further, that the only remedy Agent shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to obtain such consent shall be to
cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to the Agent at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document
that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents
available via EDGAR; and (iv)&nbsp;the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission
as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be
incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed
(the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section&nbsp;7(a), based on the Company&rsquo;s
reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
of Commission Stop Orders</U>. The Company will advise the Agent, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of
the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of
the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening
of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop
order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the Agent promptly after it receives
any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information
related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Delivery
of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes</U>. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered
by the Agent under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, (including in circumstances where such
requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule&nbsp;172 under the Securities Act), the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts
to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their
respective due dates (taking into account any extensions available under the Exchange Act) all reports and any definitive proxy or information
statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d)&nbsp;or any other provision
of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule&nbsp;430B under
the Securities Act, it will use commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with
the Commission pursuant to said Rule&nbsp;430B and to notify the Agent promptly of all such filings. If during such period any event
occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or
if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act,
the Company will promptly notify Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend
or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or
effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company may delay the filing of any amendment or supplement, if in the judgment of
the Company, it is in the best interests of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Listing
of Placement Shares</U>. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the
Agent under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, the Company will use commercially reasonable
efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Delivery
of Registration Statement and Prospectus</U>. The Company will furnish to the Agent and its counsel (at the reasonable expense of the
Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments
and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during any period in which a Prospectus
relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all documents filed with the Commission
during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such
quantities as the Agent may from time to time reasonably request and, at Agent&rsquo;s reasonable request, will also furnish copies of
the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that the Company shall
not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to the Agent or its counsel to the extent such document is available
on EDGAR.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Earnings
Statement</U>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than
15 months after the end of the Company&rsquo;s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies
the provisions of Section&nbsp;11(a)&nbsp;of the Securities Act and Rule&nbsp;158 under the Securities Act. The Company&rsquo;s compliance
with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall be deemed to satisfy this Section&nbsp;7(f).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Use
of Proceeds</U>. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled &ldquo;Use of Proceeds.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
of Other Sales</U>. Without prior written notice to the Agent, the Company will not, (A)&nbsp;directly or indirectly, offer to sell,
sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant
to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common
Stock during the period beginning on the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to the Agent hereunder and ending on the Settlement
Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended
prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and (B)&nbsp;directly
or indirectly in any other &ldquo;at the market&rdquo; or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant
any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities
convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to the termination
of this Agreement; provided, however, that such restrictions will not apply in connection with the Company&rsquo;s issuance, grant or
sale of (i)&nbsp;Common Stock, restricted stock units, options to purchase Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
options, or the vesting of any of the foregoing, pursuant to any stock option or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment
plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in
effect or hereafter implemented, (ii)&nbsp;Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options,
convertible notes or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in
writing to the Agent and (iii)&nbsp;Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock issued in
privately negotiated transactions to vendors, customers or other commercial or strategic partners or potential commercial or strategic
partners, as consideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations, licensing agreements or strategic alliances occurring
after the date of this Agreement which are not issued for capital raising purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Change
of Circumstances</U>. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice advise the Agent promptly after it shall
have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any
opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agent pursuant to this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Due
Diligence Cooperation</U>. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agent or its representatives
in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents
and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company&rsquo;s principal offices, as the Agent may reasonably
request with reasonable advance notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Required
Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares</U>. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require with
respect to the Placement Shares, the Company will (i)&nbsp;file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph
of Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act (each and every filing under Rule&nbsp;424(b), a &ldquo;<U>Filing Date</U>"),
which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through the Agent, the Net
Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to the Agent with respect to such Placement Shares, and (ii)&nbsp;deliver
such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required
by the rules&nbsp;or regulations of such exchange or market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Representation
Dates; Certificate</U>. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice delivered by the Company to the Agent (such date, the &ldquo;<U>First
Placement Date</U>") and each time the Company:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;amends
or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Placement Shares) the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement
but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement
Shares;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;files
an annual report on Form&nbsp;10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form&nbsp;10-K/A containing amended financial information or
a material amendment to the previously filed Form&nbsp;10-K);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)&nbsp;files
a quarterly report on Form&nbsp;10-Q under the Exchange Act (including any Form&nbsp;10-Q/A containing amended financial information
or a material amendment to the previously filed Form&nbsp;10-Q); or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iv)&nbsp;files
a current report on Form&nbsp;8-K containing amended financial information (other than information &ldquo;furnished&rdquo; pursuant to
Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form&nbsp;8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form&nbsp;8-K relating to the reclassification
of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.&nbsp;144) under the
Exchange Act;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(each
date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i)&nbsp;through (iv)&nbsp;shall be a &ldquo;<U>Representation
Date.</U>")</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company shall
furnish the Agent (but in the case of clause (iv)&nbsp;above only if the Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in
such Form&nbsp;8-K is material) with a certificate dated the Representation Date, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit&nbsp;7(l). The
requirement to provide a certificate under this Section&nbsp;7(l)&nbsp;shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time
at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement
Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date;
provided, however, that such waiver shall not apply for any Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form&nbsp;10-K.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the
Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Agent with a certificate under this Section&nbsp;7(l), then before the Company
delivers the Placement Notice or the Agent sells any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide the Agent with a certificate, in the
form attached hereto as Exhibit&nbsp;7(l), dated the date of the Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(m)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Legal
Opinion and Negative Assurance Letter</U>. (1)&nbsp;On or before the First Placement Date, the Company shall cause to be furnished to
the Agent a written opinion and negative assurance letter of Cooley LLP ("<U>Company Counsel</U>"), or other counsel of the
Company, each in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent and its counsel; and (2)&nbsp;on or before each Representation Date
with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit&nbsp;7(l)&nbsp;for which
no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agent a negative assurance letter of Company Counsel, or other
counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Agent and its counsel; <I>provided</I>,
<I>however</I>, the Company shall not be required to furnish any such letter if the Company does not intend to deliver a Placement Notice
in such calendar quarter until such time as the Company delivers its next Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(n)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Comfort
Letter</U>. (1)&nbsp;On or before the First Placement Date and (2)&nbsp;on or before each Representation Date, other than pursuant to
Section&nbsp;7(l)(iii), with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit&nbsp;7(l)&nbsp;for
which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause its current independent accountants to furnish the Agent a letter (the &ldquo;<U>Comfort
Letter</U>"), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this Section&nbsp;7(n).
The Comfort Letter from the Company&rsquo;s current independent accountants shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory
to the Agent, (i)&nbsp;confirming that they are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the
Public Company Account Oversight Board, (ii)&nbsp;stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to
the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants&rsquo; &ldquo;comfort letters&rdquo; to underwriters in
connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the &ldquo;<U>Initial Comfort Letter</U>") and (iii)&nbsp;updating
the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such
date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of
such letter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(o)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Market
Activities</U>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i)&nbsp;take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes
or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of Common Stock or (ii)&nbsp;sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any
compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agent; provided, however, that the Company may bid for and
purchase shares of its Common Stock in accordance with Rule&nbsp;10b-18 under the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(p)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Investment
Company Act</U>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor the Subsidiaries
will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such term is defined
in the Investment Company Act, <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">assuming no change in the Commission&rsquo;s current interpretation
as to entities that are not considered an investment company</FONT>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(q)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Offer to Sell</U>. Other than the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, if any, approved in advance by the Company and the
Agent in its capacity as agent hereunder, neither the Agent nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the
Agent in its capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule&nbsp;405
under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to
buy Placement Shares hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(r)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Blue
Sky and Other Qualifications</U><I>. </I> The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the Agent, to
qualify the Placement Shares for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Placement Shares to be offered and sold, under
the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Agent may designate and to maintain
such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares (but in no event for
less than one year from the date of this Agreement); <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the Company shall not be obligated to file
any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in
which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise
so subject. In each jurisdiction in which the Placement Shares have been so qualified or exempt, the Company will file such statements
and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction to continue such qualification or exemption, as the case may be, in effect
for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 26 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(s)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley
Act</U>. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The Company will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting its assets and
maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and including
those policies and procedures that (i)&nbsp;pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii)&nbsp;provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded
as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
(iii)&nbsp;that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management&rsquo;s and the Company&rsquo;s
directors&rsquo; authorization, and (iv)&nbsp;provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition,
use or disposition of the Company&rsquo;s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company will maintain such
controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the
applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports
that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in
the Commission&rsquo;s rules&nbsp;and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required
to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the
Company&rsquo;s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions,
as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company
is made known to it by others within the organization, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Payment
of Expenses</U>. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i)&nbsp;the
preparation, filing, including any fees required by the Commission, and printing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements
and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto, in such number as the Agent shall reasonably deem necessary,
(ii)&nbsp;the printing and delivery to the Agent of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required in connection with the
offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii)&nbsp;the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants
and other advisors to the Company, (iv)&nbsp;the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses of the Agent, including reasonable
and documented fees and disbursements of counsel to the Agent incurred in connection with (a)&nbsp;entering into the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement in an amount not to exceed $75,000 in the aggregate, and (b)&nbsp;in an amount not to exceed $15,000 per calendar quarter
thereafter payable in connection with each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate
pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(l)&nbsp;for which no waiver is applicable excluding the date of this Agreement, (v)&nbsp;the printing and
delivery to the Agent of copies of any Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (defined below) and the Prospectus and any amendments
or supplements thereto in such number as the Agent shall deem reasonably necessary, (vi)&nbsp;the preparation, printing and delivery
to the Agent of copies of the blue sky survey, (vii)&nbsp;the documented fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the
Common Stock, (viii)&nbsp;the reasonable and documented fees and expenses incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of
the Placement Shares, including fees and expenses of counsel to the Agent, and (ix)&nbsp;the documented fees and expenses incurred in
connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Conditions
to the Agent&rsquo;s Obligations</U>. The obligations of the Agent hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject to the continuing
accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein in all material respects (except for representations
and warranties qualified by materiality which are required to be accurate and complete in all respects), to the due performance by the
Company of its obligations hereunder in all material respects, to the completion by the Agent of a due diligence review satisfactory
to it in its reasonable judgment, and to the continuing reasonable satisfaction (or waiver by the Agent in its sole discretion) of the
following additional conditions:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Registration
Statement Effective</U>. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for the sale of all Placement
Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Material Notices</U>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i)&nbsp;receipt by the Company of any request
for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness
of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus; (ii)&nbsp;the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii)&nbsp;receipt by the Company
of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares
for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv)&nbsp;the occurrence of any
event that makes any statement of material fact made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated
or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or Incorporated Documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Misstatement or Material Omission</U>. The Agent shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or
any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agent&rsquo;s reasonable opinion, in consultation
with outside counsel, is material, or omits to state a fact that in the Agent&rsquo;s reasonable opinion is material and is required
to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Material
Changes</U>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company&rsquo;s reports filed with the Commission, there shall
not have been any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that would reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect, the
effect of which, in the reasonable judgment of the Agent (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise
have), is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and
in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Legal
Opinion</U>. The Agent shall have received the opinion and the negative assurance letter of Company Counsel required to be delivered
pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(m)&nbsp;on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion and letter, as applicable, is required
pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(m).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Comfort
Letter</U>. The Agent shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(n)&nbsp;on or before
the date on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(n).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Representation
Certificate</U>. The Agent shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(l)&nbsp;on or before
the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(l).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Secretary&rsquo;s
Certificate</U>. On or prior to the first Representation Date, the Agent shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company
by its corporate Secretary, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and its counsel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Suspension</U>. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange, and the Common Stock shall not have been delisted
from the Exchange.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Other
Materials</U>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(l), the Company shall
have furnished to the Agent such appropriate further information, certificates and documents as the Agent may reasonably request and
that are usually and customarily furnished by an issuer of securities in connection with a securities offering. All such opinions, certificates,
letters and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will furnish the Agent with such conformed
copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as the Agent shall reasonably request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Securities
Act Filings Made</U>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule&nbsp;424 under the Securities Act with respect to the Placement
Shares to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period
prescribed for such filing by Rule&nbsp;424.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Approval
for Listing</U>. The Placement Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance,
or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any
Placement Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(m)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>FINRA</U>.
If applicable, FINRA shall have raised no objection to the terms of this offering and the amount of compensation allowable or payable
to the Agent as described in the Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(n)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>No
Termination Event</U>. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agent to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(a).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Indemnification
and Contribution</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Company
Indemnification</U>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Agent, its partners, members, directors, officers, employees
and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Agent within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20
of the Exchange Act as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;against
any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission
or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;against
any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount
paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,
or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided
that (subject to Section&nbsp;10(d)&nbsp;below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent
shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;against
any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred
in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body,
commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement
or omission, of the Company to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i)&nbsp;or (ii)&nbsp;above,</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising
out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with solely
Agent&rsquo;s Information. &ldquo;Agent&rsquo;s Information&rdquo; means, solely, the following information in the Prospectus: the eleventh
paragraph under the caption &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in the Prospectus. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any
liability that the Company might otherwise have.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Agent
Indemnification</U>. Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who signed
the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i)&nbsp;controls the Company within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities
Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act or (ii)&nbsp;is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and
all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section&nbsp;10(a), as incurred, but only with
respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments
thereto) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agent&rsquo;s Information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Procedure</U>.
Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section&nbsp;10 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement
of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section&nbsp;10,
notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to
notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i)&nbsp;any liability that it may have to any indemnified
party otherwise than under this Section&nbsp;10 and (ii)&nbsp;any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing
provision of this Section&nbsp;10 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights
or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party
of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written
notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly
with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the
indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying
party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable
and documented costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified
party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will
be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1)&nbsp;the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in
writing by the indemnifying party, (2)&nbsp;the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may
be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying
party, (3)&nbsp;a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified
party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on
behalf of the indemnified party) or (4)&nbsp;the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action
within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable and documented
fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the
indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable
for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at
any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying
party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice related to fees, disbursements and other reasonable charges in
detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written
consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to
the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section&nbsp;10
(whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1)&nbsp;includes an unconditional
release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2)&nbsp;does
not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Contribution</U>.
In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs
of this Section&nbsp;10 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or the
Agent, the Company and the Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative,
legal and other expenses reasonably incurred and documented in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit
or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the Agent,
such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration
Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the Agent may be subject in
such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agent on the
other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agent on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the
same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear
to the total compensation received by the Agent (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company.
If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution
shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but
also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission
that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the
untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information
supplied by the Company or the Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to
correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions
pursuant to this Section&nbsp;10(d)&nbsp;were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does
not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result
of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section&nbsp;10(d)&nbsp;shall
be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section&nbsp;10(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified
party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section&nbsp;10(c)&nbsp;hereof.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;10(d), the Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess
of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning
of Section&nbsp;11(f)&nbsp;of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;10(d), any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the
Securities Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of the Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as
that party, and each director of the Company and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same
rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after
receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this
Section&nbsp;10(d), will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not
relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section&nbsp;10(d)&nbsp;except
to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from
whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section&nbsp;10(c)&nbsp;hereof, no
party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required
pursuant to Section&nbsp;10(c)&nbsp;hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Additional
Covenants</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Representations
and Agreements to Survive Delivery</U>. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section&nbsp;10 of this Agreement and
all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective
dates, regardless of (i)&nbsp;any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agent, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of
their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii)&nbsp;delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor
or (iii)&nbsp;any termination of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Termination</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Agent may terminate this Agreement, by written notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1)&nbsp;if there has been,
since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse
Effect, or any development that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect has occurred, which in the reasonable
judgment of the Agent, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares, (2)&nbsp;if there
has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak
of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national
or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment
of the Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares,
(3)&nbsp;if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the
Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (4)&nbsp;if any suspension of
trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and be continuing, (5)&nbsp;if
a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6)&nbsp;if
a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination shall be without liability
of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section&nbsp;8 (Expenses), Section&nbsp;10 (Indemnification), Section&nbsp;11
(Survival of Representations), Section&nbsp;17 (Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction) and Section&nbsp;18 (Waiver of Jury Trial) hereof
shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If the Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in
this Section&nbsp;12(a), the Agent shall provide the required written notice as specified in Section&nbsp;13 (Notices).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company shall have the right, by giving two (2)&nbsp;days written notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its
sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other
party except that the provisions of Section&nbsp;8, Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11, Section&nbsp;17 and Section&nbsp;18 hereof shall
remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Agent shall have the right, by giving three (3)&nbsp;days written notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its
sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other
party except that the provisions of Section&nbsp;8, Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11, Section&nbsp;17 and Section&nbsp;18 hereof shall
remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Unless
earlier terminated pursuant to this Section&nbsp;12, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of
the Placement Shares through the Agent on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; provided that the provisions of Section&nbsp;8,
Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11, Section&nbsp;17 and Section&nbsp;18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such
termination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;This
Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 12(a), (b), (c), or (d)&nbsp;above or otherwise
by mutual agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to
provide that Section&nbsp;8, Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11, Section&nbsp;17 and Section&nbsp;18 shall remain in full force and effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Any
termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however, that such termination
shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Agent or the Company, as the case may
be; provided, further, any termination of this Agreement in accordance with the terms of Section&nbsp;12(b)&nbsp;or (c)&nbsp;shall not
be effective until the date that is three (3)&nbsp;days after the date of such written notice. If such termination shall occur prior
to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Subject
to the additional limitations set forth in Section&nbsp;8 of this Agreement, in the event of termination of this Agreement prior to the
sale of any Placement Shares, the Agent shall be entitled only to reimbursement of its reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses
actually incurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notices</U>.
All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement
shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agent, shall be delivered to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">JonesTrading
Institutional Services LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">880 Island
Park Drive, 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Floor</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Daniel
Island, SC 29492</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attn: Burke
Cook</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email:
legal@jonestrading.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Paul
Hastings LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">200
Park Avenue</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10166</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Seo Salimi and William Magioncalda</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email:
seosalimi@paulhastings.com; willmagioncalda@paulhastings.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">and
if to the Company, shall be delivered to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3 Sugar Creek Center
Blvd, Suite&nbsp;525</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Sugar
Land, TX 77478</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Imran Alibhai</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email:
ialibhai@tvardi.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">with a copy to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cooley
LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">55
Hudson Yards</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New
York, NY 10001</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Div Gupta</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email:
dgupta@cooley.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each
party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address
for such purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i)&nbsp;when delivered personally or by verifiable email
correspondence (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30&nbsp;p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day (as defined below) or,
if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii)&nbsp;on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a
nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iii)&nbsp;on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified
or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">An
electronic communication ("<U>Electronic Notice</U>") shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section&nbsp;13
if sent to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received
at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives verification of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic
Notice may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form ("<U>Nonelectronic Notic</U>e&rdquo;)
which shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10)&nbsp;days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Agent and their respective successors
and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section&nbsp;10 hereof. References to any of the parties
contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement,
express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns
any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.
Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party; provided,
however, that the Agent may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate thereof without obtaining the Company&rsquo;s
consent, so long as such affiliate is a registered broker dealer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Adjustments
for Stock Splits</U>. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted
to take into account any stock split, stock dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Entire
Agreement; Amendment; Severability</U>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued
pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both
written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be
amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Agent. In the event that any one or more of the provisions
contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of
competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal
and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable
term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms
and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>17.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>GOVERNING
LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</U>. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY
IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING
OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">18.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>CONSENT
TO JURISDICTION</U>. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING
IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED
HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY
SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE
OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS
BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED)
TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND
SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS
IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">19.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Use
of Information</U>.&#8239;The Agent may not use or disclose any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, including due diligence, for any purpose except in connection with entering into this Agreement and providing
services as distribution agent hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Counterparts</U>.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall
constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile or other
electronic transmission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">21.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Effect
of Headings</U>. The section and Exhibit&nbsp;headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">22.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Permitted
Free Writing Prospectuses</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Agent (which consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld or delayed), and the Agent represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, it has
not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that
would otherwise constitute a &ldquo;free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;405, required to be filed with the Commission.
Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agent or by the Company, as the case may be (a &ldquo;<U>Permitted Free Writing
Prospectus</U>"). The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing
Prospectus as an &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, and has complied and will use its commercially
reasonable efforts to comply with the requirements of Rule&nbsp;433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely
filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Absence
of Fiduciary Relationship</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company acknowledges and agrees that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction
contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company
or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand,
and the Agent, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective
of whether or not the Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and the Agent has no obligation to the Company with
respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;it
is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;the
Agent has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;it
is aware that the Agent and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from
those of the Company and the Agent has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary,
advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;it
waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Agent for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach
of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that the Agent shall not have any liability
(whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting
a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of the
Agent&rsquo;s obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to the Agent and the Agent&rsquo;s counsel
confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly-available.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Definitions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">As
used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Applicable
Time</U>&rdquo; means (i)&nbsp;each Representation Date, (ii)&nbsp;the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement,
and (iii)&nbsp;each Settlement Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus</U>&rdquo; means any &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, relating to the
Placement Shares that (1)&nbsp;is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2)&nbsp;is a &ldquo;road show&rdquo; that
is a &ldquo;written communication&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;433(d)(8)(i)&nbsp;whether or not required to be filed with the
Commission, or (3)&nbsp;is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433(d)(5)(i)&nbsp;because it contains a description of the Placement
Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission
or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company&rsquo;s records pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433(g)&nbsp;under the Securities
Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;172</U>,&rdquo;
"<U>Rule&nbsp;405</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;415</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;424</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;424(b)</U>,&rdquo;
"<U>Rule&nbsp;430B</U>,&rdquo; and &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;433</U>&rdquo; refer to such rules&nbsp;under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">"<U>Subsidiary</U>"
means any subsidiary of the Company. As of the date hereof, the Company does not have any Subsidiaries and all other references to the
Subsidiaries or any of them herein shall be disregarded.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">"<U>Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day on which shares of Common Stock are purchased and sold on the Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">All
references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included&rdquo;
or &ldquo;stated&rdquo; in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to
mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">All
references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall
be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433, are not required to be filed with the Commission)
shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to &ldquo;supplements&rdquo;
to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, &ldquo;wrappers&rdquo; or similar materials prepared in connection
with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agent outside of the United States.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Agent, please so indicate in the space provided below
for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">TVARDI THERAPEUTICS,&nbsp;INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Imran Alibhai&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Imran Alibhai, Ph.D.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ACCEPTED as of the date first-above
    written:</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">JONESTRADING INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
    LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Burke Cook</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Burke Cook</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: General Counsel</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SCHEDULE 1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF
PLACEMENT NOTICE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">From:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                          <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">JONESTRADING INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES LLC<BR>
                                            Attention: _____________________</FONT></TD></TR><TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
                                          <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Subject:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Placement Notice</FONT></TD></TR>
                                          <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
                                          <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Date:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[ ]</FONT></TD></TR>
                                          </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ladies and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Capital on Demand<B>&trade;</B> Sales Agreement between Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.
(the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;) and JONESTRADING INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES LLC (&ldquo;<U>Agent</U>&rdquo;), dated May&nbsp;1, 2026,
the Company hereby requests that the Agent sell up to ____________ of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, at
a minimum market price of $_______ per share, during the time period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time].</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SCHEDULE 2</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Compensation</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall pay to the Agent in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount equal to up to 3.0%
of the gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>SCHEDULE 3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Notice Parties</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>The
    Company</U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Imran Alibhai&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 85%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ialibhai@tvardi.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dan Conn&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">dconn@tvardi.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>The
    Agent</U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Moe Cohen&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">moec@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Bryan Turley&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">bturley@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Michael Truettner&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">mtruettner@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ryan Loforte&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">rloforte@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Burke Cook&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">burke@jonestrading.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">with a copy to
ecm@jonestrading.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B><U>EXHIBIT&nbsp;7(l)</U></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Representation Date Certificate</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>____________________,
20__</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This
Representation Date Certificate (this &ldquo;<U>Certificate</U>&rdquo;) is executed and delivered in connection with Section&nbsp;7(l)&nbsp;of
the Capital on Demand<B>&trade;</B> Sales Agreement (the &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;), dated May&nbsp;1, 2026, and entered into between
Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;) and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC. All capitalized terms
used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Agreement</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned, a duly appointed and authorized officer of the Company, having made all necessary inquiries to establish the accuracy of
the statements below and having been authorized by the Company to execute this certificate, hereby certifies as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;As
of the date of this Certificate, (i)&nbsp;the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading and (ii)&nbsp;neither
the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading and (iii)&nbsp;no event has occurred as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order
to make the statements therein not untrue or misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Each
of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement (<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">A)&nbsp;to the
extent such representations and warranties are subject to qualifications and exceptions contained therein relating to materiality or
Material Adverse Effect, are true and correct on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and
as of the date hereof, except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were true and
correct as of such date, and (B)&nbsp;to the extent such representations and warranties are not subject to any qualifications or exceptions,
are true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof as if made on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect
as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific
date and which were so true and correct as of such date</FONT>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Each
of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation
Date, and each such other date as set forth in the Agreement, has been duly, timely and fully performed in all material respects and
each condition required to be complied with by the Company on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each
such other date as set forth in the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">4.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Subsequent
to the date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, there has been no Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been issued, and no proceedings for
that purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by any securities or other governmental authority (including, without
limitation, the Commission).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the qualification or registration of the Placement Shares under the
applicable securities or blue sky laws of any applicable jurisdiction are in effect and no proceeding for such purpose is pending before,
or threatened, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge or in writing by, any applicable securities or other governmental authority (including, without
limitation, the Commission).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned has executed this Representation Date Certificate as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TVARDI
    THERAPEUTICS,&nbsp;INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TYPE>EX-4.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2613101d2_ex4-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.2
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>TVARDI THERAPEUTICS,&nbsp;INC.,<BR>
Iss</B></FONT>u<B>er</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AND</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[TRUSTEE],<BR>
Trustee</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Dated as of [&bull;], 20__&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Debt Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; width: 15%"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-variant: small-caps; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    1 DEFINITIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Definitions of Terms</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article 2 ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE&nbsp;OF SECURITIES </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Designation and Terms of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Securities and
    Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Denominations: Provisions for
    Payment</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Execution and Authentications</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Registration of Transfer and
    Exchange.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT>2</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or
    Stolen Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.08</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cancellation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.09</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Benefits of Indenture.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Authenticating Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Global Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CUSIP Numbers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    3 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment Upon Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund
    Payments with Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.06</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for
    Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    4 COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">18<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal, Premium
    and Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Maintenance of Office or Agency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Paying Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Appointment to Fill Vacancy
    in Office of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>(continued)</B></FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-variant: small-caps; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; width: 5%"><B>Page</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left">article 5 SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo; LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE&nbsp;TRUSTEE </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;5.01</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;5.02</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Preservation Of Information; Communications With Securityholders</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">20</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;5.03</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Reports by the Company</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;5.04</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Reports by the Trustee</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left">article 6 REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;6.01</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Events of Default</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">22</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;6.02</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">24</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;6.03</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Application of Moneys Collected</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">25</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;6.04</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Limitation on Suits</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">25</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;6.05</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Rights and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">26</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;6.06</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Control by Securityholders</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">27</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;6.07</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Undertaking to Pay Costs</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">27</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left">article 7 CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE </TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">27</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.01</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Certain Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">27</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.02</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Certain Rights of Trustee</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">29</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.03</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Trustee Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">31</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.04</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">May&nbsp;Hold Securities</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">31</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.05</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Moneys Held in Trust</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">31</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.06</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Compensation and Reimbursement</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">32</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.07</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Reliance on Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">32</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.08</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Disqualification; Conflicting Interests</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">32</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.09</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.10</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">33</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.11</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Acceptance of Appointment By Successor</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">34</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">Section&nbsp;7.12</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">35</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>(continued)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><B>Page</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; width: 15%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Preferential Collection
    of Claims Against the Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    8 CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Evidence of Action by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Proof of Execution by Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Who May&nbsp;be Deemed Owners</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain Securities Owned by
    Company Disregarded</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Actions Binding on Future Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures Without
    the Consent of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures With
    Consent of Securityholders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Effect of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Securities Affected by Supplemental
    Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Execution of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    10 SUCCESSOR ENTITY</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Company May&nbsp;Consolidate,
    Etc.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Successor Entity Substituted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    11 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge of
    Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Discharge of Obligations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Deposited Moneys to be Held
    in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.04</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment of Moneys Held by Paying
    Agents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.05</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Repayment to Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    12 IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;12.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">No Recourse</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">article
    13 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.01</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Effect on Successors and Assigns.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.02</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Actions by Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Surrender of Company Powers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-indent: -1.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-indent: -1.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-indent: -1.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-indent: -1.25in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Table
Of Contents</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>(continued)</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><B>Page</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; width: 15%; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.04</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Notices</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: right">44</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.05</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Governing Law; Jury Trial Waiver</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.06</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Treatment of Securities as Debt.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.07</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Certificates and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.08</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Payments on Business Days</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.09</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Conflict with Trust Indenture Act</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.10</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Counterparts</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.11</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Separability</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.12</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Compliance Certificates</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">46</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.13</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">U.S.A Patriot Act</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">47</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.14</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Force Majeure</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">47</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 0.25in; text-align: left">Section&nbsp;13.15</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Table of Contents; Headings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">47</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 228.1pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>INDENTURE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Indenture</B></FONT>,
dated as of [&bull;], 20__, among <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT>, a Delaware corporation
(the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), and [<FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Trustee</B></FONT>], as trustee (the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas</B></FONT>,
for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance
of debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued
from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated
by the certificate of the Trustee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas</B></FONT>,
to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized
the execution of this Indenture; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas</B></FONT>,
all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now,
Therefore</B></FONT>, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted
and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>DEFINITIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;1.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Definitions
of Terms</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The terms defined in this
Section&nbsp;(except as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise
requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in
this Section&nbsp;and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except
as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the
meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this
instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Authenticating
Agent</I></B>&rdquo; means the Trustee or an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by
the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Bankruptcy Law</I></B>&rdquo;
means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Board of Directors</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Board of Directors (or the functional equivalent thereof) of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Board Resolution</I></B>&rdquo;
means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board
of Directors (or duly authorized committee thereof) and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Business Day</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the Borough
of Manhattan, the City of New York, or in the city of the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, are authorized or obligated by law,
executive order or regulation to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;
means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time after
the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture
Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;
means Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and, subject
to the provisions of Article&nbsp;Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Corporate Trust
Office</I></B>&rdquo; means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally
administered, which office at the date hereof is located at <U>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
 &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Custodian</I></B>&rdquo;
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Defaulted Interest</I></B>&rdquo;
has the meaning set forth in Section&nbsp;2.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Depositary</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global
Security, The Depository Trust Company, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section&nbsp;2.01
or 2.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Event of Default</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section&nbsp;6.01, continued for the period of time,
if any, therein designated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Exchange Act</I></B>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated by the Commission
thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The term &ldquo;<B><I>given</I></B>&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;<B><I>mailed</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>notify</I></B>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<B><I>sent</I></B>&rdquo; with respect to any notice
to be given to a Securityholder pursuant to this Indenture, shall mean notice (x)&nbsp;given to the Depositary (or its designee) pursuant
to the standing instructions from the Depositary or its designee, including by electronic mail in accordance with accepted practices
or procedures at the Depositary (in the case of a Global Security) or (y)&nbsp;mailed to such Securityholder by first class mail, postage
prepaid, at its address as it appears on the Security Register (in the case of a definitive Security). Notice so &ldquo;given&rdquo;
shall be deemed to include any notice to be &ldquo;mailed&rdquo; or &ldquo;delivered,&rdquo; as applicable, under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Global Security</I></B>&rdquo;
means a Security issued to evidence all or a part of any series of Securities which is executed by the Company and authenticated and
delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which
shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Governmental
Obligations</I></B>&rdquo; means securities that are (a)&nbsp;direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which
its full faith and credit is pledged or (b)&nbsp;obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United
States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof at any time prior to the stated
maturity of the Securities, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to
any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian
for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized
to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect
of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary
receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>herein</I></B>&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;<B><I>hereof</I>&rdquo;</B> and &ldquo;<B><I>hereunder</I></B>&rdquo;, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture
as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section&nbsp;or other subdivision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;
means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities established as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;2.01.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Interest Payment
Date</I></B>&rdquo;, when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified
in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which
an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer</I></B>&rdquo;
means, with respect to the Company, the chairman of the Board of Directors, a chief executive officer, a president, a chief financial
officer, a chief operating officer, any executive vice president, any senior vice president, any vice president, the treasurer or any
assistant treasurer, the controller or any assistant controller or the secretary or any assistant secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; means a certificate signed by any Officer. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for
in Section&nbsp;13.07, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Opinion of Counsel</I></B>&rdquo;
means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that
is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section&nbsp;13.07,
if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Outstanding</I></B>&rdquo;,
when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;8.04, as of any particular time,
all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a)&nbsp;Securities
theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have
previously been canceled; (b)&nbsp;Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations
in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall
have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that
if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have
been given as provided in Article&nbsp;Three, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and
(c)&nbsp;Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to
the terms of Section&nbsp;2.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Person</I></B>&rdquo;
means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated
organization, any other entity or organization, including a government or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Predecessor
Security</I></B>&rdquo; of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that
evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section&nbsp;2.07
in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Responsible
Officer</I></B>&rdquo; when used with respect to the Trustee means any officer within the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee (or any
successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any
of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such
matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and in each case who shall have direct
responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>&rdquo;
has the meaning stated in the first recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Securities Act</I></B>&rdquo; means
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Securityholder</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>holder
of Securities</I></B>&rdquo;, &ldquo;<B><I>registered holder</I></B>&rdquo;, or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose
name or names a particular Security is registered on the Security Register kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this
Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Security Register</I></B>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<B><I>Security Registrar</I></B>&rdquo; shall have the meanings as set forth in Section&nbsp;2.05.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Subsidiary</I></B>&rdquo; means,
with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting
power of shares of capital stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any
contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers, general partners or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled,
directly or indirectly, by (i)&nbsp;such Person; (ii)&nbsp;such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or (iii)&nbsp;one
or more Subsidiaries of such Person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;
means _________________________, and, subject to the provisions of Article&nbsp;Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns,
and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each such Person.
The term &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that
series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><I>Trust Indenture
Act</I></B>&rdquo; means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B><I>&ldquo;</I></B></FONT><B><I>U.S.A.
Patriot Act&rdquo;</I></B> means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
Terrorism Act of 2001, Pub. L. 107-56, as amended and signed into law October&nbsp;26, 2001.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUE,
DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE&nbsp;OF SECURITIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Designation
and Terms of Securities</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may
be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or
pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities
of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>any
limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture
(except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities
of that series);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
maturity date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(4)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
form of the Securities of the series including the form of the certificate of authentication for such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(5)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
applicability of any guarantees;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(6)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>whether
or not the Securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(7)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>whether
the Securities rank as senior debt, senior subordinated debt, subordinated debt or any combination thereof, and the terms of any subordination;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(8)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>if
the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount thereof) at which such Securities will be issued is a price other
than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount thereof payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity
thereof, or if applicable, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities that is convertible into another security or the method
by which any such portion shall be determined;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(9)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue,
the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(10)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Company&rsquo;s right, if any, to defer the payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(11)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>if
applicable, the date or dates after which, or the period or periods during which, and the price or prices at which, the Company may at
its option, redeem the series of Securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption
provisions;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(12)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
date or dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which the Company is obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or
analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the Securityholder&rsquo;s option to purchase, the series of Securities and
the currency or currency unit in which the Securities are payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(13)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
denominations in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable, if other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000)
or any integral multiple thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(14)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>any
and all terms, if applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security for the obligations
of the Company with respect to such Securities and any other terms which may be advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities
of that series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(15)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>whether
the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities; the terms and conditions,
if any, upon which such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual Securities; and the Depositary
for such Global Security or Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(16)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>if
applicable, the provisions relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of the series and the terms and conditions upon which
such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be
calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company&rsquo;s option or the holders&rsquo; option) conversion or
exchange features, the applicable conversion or exchange period and the manner of settlement for any conversion or exchange, which may,
without limitation, include the payment of cash as well as the delivery of securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(17)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>if
other than the full principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.01;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(18)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>additions
to or changes in the covenants applicable to the series of Securities being issued, including, among others, the consolidation, merger
or sale covenant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(19)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>additions
to or changes in the Events of Default with respect to the Securities and any change in the right of the Trustee or the Securityholders
to declare the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, with respect to such Securities to be due and payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(20)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>additions
to or changes in or deletions of the provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(21)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>additions
to or changes in the provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(22)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>additions
to or changes in the provisions relating to the modification of this Indenture both with and without the consent of Securityholders of
Securities issued under this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(23)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
currency of payment of Securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(24)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>whether
interest will be payable in cash or additional Securities at the Company&rsquo;s or the Securityholders&rsquo; option and the terms and
conditions upon which the election may be made;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(25)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal
amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a &ldquo;United States person&rdquo; for federal tax purposes;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(26)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>any
restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(27)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>any
other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the Securities, any other additions or changes in the
provisions of this Indenture, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All Securities of any one
series shall be substantially identical except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures
supplemental hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any of the terms of the
series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action
shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery
of the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Securities of any particular
series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different
rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest
may be payable and with different redemption dates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Form&nbsp;of
Securities and Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities of any series
and the Trustee&rsquo;s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport
as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements
printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this
Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule&nbsp;or
regulation of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Denominations:
Provisions for Payment</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities shall be issuable
as registered Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to
Section&nbsp;2.01(a)(13). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with
respect to that series. Subject to Section&nbsp;2.01(a)(23), the principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well
as any premium thereon in case of redemption or repurchase thereof prior to maturity, and any cash amount due upon conversion or exchange
thereof, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private
debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The interest installment
on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series
shall be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is
called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior
to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in
Section&nbsp;3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any interest on any Security
that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein
called &ldquo;Defaulted Interest&rdquo;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record
date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in
clause (1)&nbsp;or clause (2)&nbsp;below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor
Securities) are registered in the Security Register at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest
proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust
for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special
record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the
proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall
promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the
proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor to be sent, to each Securityholder not less than 10
days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefor
having been sent as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered in the Security Register on such special record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements
of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after
notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable
by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless otherwise set forth
in a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01
hereof, the term &ldquo;regular record date&rdquo; as used in this Section&nbsp;with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest
Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment
Date established for such series pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of
a month, or the first day of the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof
shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the foregoing
provisions of this Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of
any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other
Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Execution
and Authentications</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities shall be signed
on behalf of the Company by one of its Officers. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company may use the facsimile
signature of any Person who shall have been an Officer (at the time of execution), notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities
shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The Securities
may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule&nbsp;or usage. Each Security shall be dated
the date of its authentication by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A Security shall not be valid
until authenticated manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive
evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver
Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for
the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by an Officer, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Upon
the Company&rsquo;s delivery of any such authentication order to the Trustee at any time after the initial issuance of Securities under
this Indenture, the Trustee shall be provided with, and (subject to Sections 315(a)&nbsp;through 315(d)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act)
shall be fully protected in relying upon, (1)&nbsp;an Opinion of Counsel or reliance letter and (2)&nbsp;an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
stating that all conditions precedent to the execution, authentication and delivery of such Securities are </FONT>in conformity with
the provisions of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee&rsquo;s own
rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the
Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Registration
of Transfer and Exchange</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Securities
of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, for other
Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to
cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefor
the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers
not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose a register or registers (herein referred
to as the &ldquo;Security Register&rdquo;) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register
the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article&nbsp;provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection
by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed
as authorized by Board Resolution or Supplemental Indenture (the &ldquo;Security Registrar&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon surrender for transfer
of any Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate
and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series
as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company initially appoints
the Trustee as Security Registrar for each series of Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All Securities presented
or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company
or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar,
duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder&rsquo;s duly authorized attorney in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Except
as provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established
in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series or repurchase, conversion or exchange of less than
the entire principal amount of a Security, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.06, Section&nbsp;3.03(b)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;9.04 not involving
any transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company and the Security Registrar shall not be required (i)&nbsp;to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during
a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the sending of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding
Securities of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such sending, nor (ii)&nbsp;to register the transfer
of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption or surrendered for repurchase, but not validly
withdrawn, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part or not surrendered for repurchase, as the
case may be. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;2.05 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section&nbsp;2.11 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee shall have no
obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or
under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Depositary
participants or beneficial owners of interests in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other
documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture,
and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.06&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Temporary
Securities</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pending the preparation of
definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed,
lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive
Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities,
all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated
by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such
series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or
all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefor (without charge to the Securityholders), at the office
or agency of the Company designated for the purpose, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange
for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises
the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until
so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities
of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.07&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Mutilated,
Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Securities</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any temporary or
definitive Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall
execute, and upon the Company&rsquo;s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the
same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu
of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish
to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case
of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the
destruction, loss or theft of the applicant&rsquo;s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted
Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted
Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any Security that
has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute
Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant
for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and,
in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft
of such Security and of the ownership thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Every replacement Security
issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or
not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled
to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder.
All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement
or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or
remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment
of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.08&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Cancellation</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All Securities surrendered
for the purpose of payment, redemption, repurchase, exchange, registration of transfer or conversion shall, if surrendered to the Company
or any paying agent (or any other applicable agent), be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee,
shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions
of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities
held by the Trustee. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures
and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such
acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the
same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.09&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Benefits
of Indenture</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Nothing in this Indenture
or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders
of the Securities any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition
or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of
the holders of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Authenticating
Agent</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">So long as any of the Securities
of any series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall
have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of
such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption, repurchase or conversion thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall
be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder.
All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating
Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital
and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized
or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business
and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to
be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Authenticating Agent
may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon
request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating
Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint
an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment
hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating
Agent pursuant hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Global
Securities</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
the Company shall establish pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security,
then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.04, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security
that (i)&nbsp;shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding
Securities of such series, (ii)&nbsp;shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii)&nbsp;shall be delivered
by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary&rsquo;s instruction (or if the Depositary names the Trustee as its custodian,
retained by the Trustee), and (iv)&nbsp;shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: &ldquo;Except as otherwise provided
in Section&nbsp;2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary
or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Notwithstanding
the provisions of Section&nbsp;2.05, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided
in Section&nbsp;2.05, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected
or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary
for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange
Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90
days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred
and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary or from the Trustee, this Section&nbsp;2.11 shall no longer
be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section&nbsp;2.04, the Trustee will authenticate
and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate
principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition,
the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that
the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such event the Company will execute
and, subject to Section&nbsp;2.04, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company,
will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations,
and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global
Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations,
the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global
Security pursuant to this Section&nbsp;2.11(c)&nbsp;shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary,
pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver
such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;2.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>CUSIP
Numbers</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company in issuing the
Securities may use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers
in notices of redemption as a convenience to Securityholders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made
as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance
may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by
any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo; numbers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>REDEMPTION
OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Redemption</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company may redeem the
Securities of any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Notice
of Redemption</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series
in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof, the Company shall, or shall
cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing (or with regard
to any Global Security held in book entry form, by electronic mail in accordance with the applicable procedures of the Depositary), a
notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such
Securityholders, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein
provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case,
failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect
in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other
series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms
of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate evidencing
compliance with any such restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each such notice of redemption
shall identify the Securities to be redeemed (including CUSIP numbers, if any), specify the date fixed for redemption and the redemption
price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities
to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest
accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease
to accrue and that the redemption is from a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be
redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be
so redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any Security is to
be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed,
and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in
principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days&rsquo; notice (unless
a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee) in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount
of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Securities to be redeemed shall be selected, by lot, on a pro rata basis,
or in such other manner as the Company shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a
portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities
of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the
numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions
signed on its behalf by an Officer, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular
series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the
Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given
by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee
or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom,
sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Payment
Upon Redemption</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series
to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable
redemption price, together with interest accrued to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or
portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment
of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of
such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid
and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to, but excluding, the date fixed
for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an Interest Payment Date, the interest installment payable on such date shall
be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.03).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Upon
presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate
and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the Securityholder thereof, at the expense of the Company,
a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so
presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Sinking
Fund</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions of Sections
3.04, 3.05 and 3.06 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified
as contemplated by Section&nbsp;2.01 for Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The minimum amount of any
sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory sinking fund payment,&rdquo;
and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an &ldquo;optional
sinking fund payment&rdquo;. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may
be subject to reduction as provided in Section&nbsp;3.05. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities
of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company (i)&nbsp;may
deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii)&nbsp;may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either
at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund
payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect
to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series,
provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by
the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount
of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;3.06&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Redemption
of Securities for Sinking Fund</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Not less than 45 days prior
to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities (unless a shorter period shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), the Company
will deliver to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series
pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that
series pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.05 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, deliver
to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities to
be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date shall be selected in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;3.02 and the Company shall
cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;3.02.
Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section&nbsp;3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>COVENANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Payment
of Principal, Premium and Interest</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company will duly and
punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and
place and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may
be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address
of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S.
dollar account if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant
payment date. Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities
by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register,
or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the
Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Maintenance
of Office or Agency</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">So long as any series of
the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency with respect to each such series and at such other
location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section&nbsp;4.02, where (i)&nbsp;Securities of that series may be presented
for payment, (ii)&nbsp;Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange,
and (iii)&nbsp;notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given
or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any
officer authorized to sign an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such
purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish
the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of
the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company
initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Paying
Agents</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will
cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject
to the provisions of this Section:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>that
it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities
of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit
of the Persons entitled thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>that
it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>that
it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2)&nbsp;above, upon the written
request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(4)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>that
it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of
the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of
that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee
of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one
or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest
on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest
so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless
such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Notwithstanding
anything in this Section&nbsp;to the contrary, (i)&nbsp;the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section&nbsp;is subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;11.05, and (ii)&nbsp;the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums
were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company
or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;4.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Appointment
to Fill Vacancy in Office of Trustee</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company, whenever necessary
to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;7.10, a Trustee, so that there
shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>SECURITYHOLDERS&rsquo;
LISTS AND REPORTS BY THE COMPANY AND THE&nbsp;TRUSTEE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Company
to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company will furnish
or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a)&nbsp;within 15 days after each regular record date (as defined in Section&nbsp;2.03) a list,
in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such
regular record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list
shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b)&nbsp;at such other times as
the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content
as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need
be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Preservation
Of Information; Communications With Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders
of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section&nbsp;5.01 and as to the names and addresses of
holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section&nbsp;5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Securityholders
may communicate as provided in Section&nbsp;312(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights
under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations
under Section&nbsp;312(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;312(b)&nbsp;of the Trust
Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Reports
by the Company</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company will at all times comply with Section&nbsp;314(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act. The Company covenants and agrees to provide
(which delivery may be via electronic mail) to the Trustee within 30 days, after the Company files the same with the Commission, copies
of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the
Commission may from time to time by rules&nbsp;and regulations prescribe) that the Company is required to file with the Commission pursuant
to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act; provided, however, the Company shall not be required to deliver to
the Trustee any correspondence filed with the Commission or any materials for which the Company has sought and received confidential
treatment by the Commission; and provided further, that so long as such filings by the Company are available on the Commission&rsquo;s
Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (EDGAR), or any successor system, such filings shall be deemed to have been
filed with the Trustee for purposes hereof without any further action required by the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a failure
by the Company to file annual reports, information and other reports with the Commission within the time period prescribed thereof by
the Commission shall not be deemed a breach of this Section&nbsp;5.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Delivery
of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;5.03 is for informational purposes only and the information and
the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein, or determinable
from information contained therein including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of their covenants thereunder (as to which the Trustee
is entitled to rely exclusively on an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate). The Trustee is under no duty to examine any such reports, information
or documents delivered to the Trustee or filed with the Commission via EDGAR to ensure compliance with the provision of this Indenture
or to ascertain the correctness or otherwise of the information or the statements contained therein. The Trustee shall have no responsibility
or duty whatsoever to ascertain or determine whether the above referenced filings with the Commission on EDGAR (or any successor system)
has occurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;5.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Reports
by the Trustee</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
required by Section&nbsp;313(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee, within sixty (60) days after each May&nbsp;1, shall send
to the Securityholders a brief report dated as of such May&nbsp;1, which complies with Section&nbsp;313(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall comply with Section&nbsp;313(b)&nbsp;and 313(c)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>A
copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each
securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Commission. The Company agrees to notify the
Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>REMEDIES
OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Events
of Default</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Whenever
used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, &ldquo;Event of Default&rdquo; means any one or more of the following
events that has occurred and is continuing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall
become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest
payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the
payment of interest for this purpose;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same
shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking
or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities
in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium,
if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture
or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement
that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series)
for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such
notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo; hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified
mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time
Outstanding;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(4)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i)&nbsp;commences a voluntary case, (ii)&nbsp;consents to the entry
of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii)&nbsp;consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially
all of its property or (iv)&nbsp;makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(5)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>a
court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i)&nbsp;is for relief against the Company in an involuntary
case, (ii)&nbsp;appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii)&nbsp;orders the liquidation
of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4)&nbsp;or clause (5)&nbsp;above), unless the principal
of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25%
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to
the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest
on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall
be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4)&nbsp;or clause (5)&nbsp;above occurs, the principal of
and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration
or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>At
any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have
been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered
as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder,
by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i)&nbsp;the Company
has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series
and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration
(with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon
overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit)
and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.06, and (ii)&nbsp;any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect
to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of
that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section&nbsp;6.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No such rescission and annulment
shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings
shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined
adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee
shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and
the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Collection
of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company covenants that (i)&nbsp;in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a
series, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall
have become due and payable, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 days, or (ii)&nbsp;in case it shall default in
the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable,
whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise then, upon demand of the Trustee,
the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall
have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be,
with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under
applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition
thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee
under Section&nbsp;7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>If
the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust,
shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and
unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree
against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the
manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings
affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action
therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of
claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of
Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution
of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and
receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the
amount payable to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby
authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee
shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section&nbsp;7.06.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>All
rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that
series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other
proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of
an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section&nbsp;7.06,
be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case of an Event of Default
hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate
judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or
in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of
the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture
or by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Nothing contained herein
shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization,
arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any Securityholder thereof or to authorize
the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Application
of Moneys Collected</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any moneys collected by the
Trustee pursuant to this Article&nbsp;with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the
date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest,
upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof
if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">FIRST: To the payment of
costs and expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;7.06;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECOND: To the payment of
the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which
or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts
due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">THIRD: To the payment of
the remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Limitation
on Suits</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No holder of any Security
of any series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding
in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other
remedy hereunder, unless (i)&nbsp;such Securityholder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default
and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided;
(ii)&nbsp;the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have
made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii)&nbsp;such
Securityholder or Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities
to be incurred in compliance with such request; (iv)&nbsp;the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer
of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v)&nbsp;during such 90 day period, the holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding anything
contained herein to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment
of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed
in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment
on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting
a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with
every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any
manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders
of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any
right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities
of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall
be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Rights
and Remedies Cumulative; Delay or Omission Not Waiver</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Except
as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;2.07, all powers and remedies given by this Article&nbsp;to the Trustee or to the Securityholders
shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee
or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and
agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>No
delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of
Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such
default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.04, every power and remedy given by this Article&nbsp;or
by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee
or by the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.06&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Control
by Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The holders of a majority
in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section&nbsp;8.04,
shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict
with any rule&nbsp;of law or with this Indenture or subject the Trustee in its sole discretion to personal liability. Subject to the
provisions of Section&nbsp;7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith
shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee&rsquo;s
duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders
not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding
affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section&nbsp;8.04, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series
waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 with
respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on,
any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration
(unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has
been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section&nbsp;6.01(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be
deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall
be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;6.07&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Undertaking
to Pay Costs</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All parties to this Indenture
agree, and each holder of any Securities by such holder&rsquo;s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may
in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee
for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of
such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and expenses,
against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party
litigant; but the provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any
Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any
series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this
Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
7</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE TRUSTEE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Certain
Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events
of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities
of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read
into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has
not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested
in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the
circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>No
provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent
failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>prior
to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events
of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(A)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions
of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such
duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this
Indenture against the Trustee; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(B)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>in
the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely,
as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished
to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any
provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine
whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Trustee shall not be liable to any Securityholder or to any other Person for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible
Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent
facts;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction
of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>none
of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for
believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate
indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(v)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers or duties hereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(vi)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
permissive right of the Trustee to do things enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as a duty of the Trustee; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(vii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>No
Trustee shall have any duty or responsibility for any act or omission of any other Trustee appointed with respect to a series of Securities
hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Certain
Rights of Trustee</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided
in Section&nbsp;7.01:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be
genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Any
request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument
signed in the name of the Company by any authorized Officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically
prescribed herein);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee may consult with counsel and the opinion or written advice of such counsel or, if requested, any Opinion of Counsel shall be
full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance
thereon;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered
to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably acceptable to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred
therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of
Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that
series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise,
as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within
the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents or inquire as to the performance
by the Company of one of its covenants under this Indenture, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section&nbsp;8.04);
provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred
by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded
to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require security or indemnity reasonably acceptable to the Trustee against such
costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the
Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT>The
Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or
attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with
due care by it hereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising
out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents,
acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or
malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use
reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable
under the circumstances;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for special, indirect, punitive or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever
(including, but not limited to, loss of profit) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or
damage and regardless of the form of action; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee agrees to accept and act upon instructions or directions pursuant to this Indenture sent by unsecured e-mail, facsimile transmission
or other similar unsecured electronic methods; provided, however, that such instructions or directions shall be signed by an authorized
representative of the party providing such instructions or directions. If the party elects to give the Trustee e-mail or facsimile instructions
(or instructions by a similar electronic method) and the Trustee in its discretion elects to act upon such instructions, the Trustee&rsquo;s
understanding of such instructions shall be deemed controlling. The Trustee shall not be liable for any losses, costs or expenses arising
directly or indirectly from the Trustee&rsquo;s reliance upon and compliance with such instructions notwithstanding such instructions
conflict or are inconsistent with a subsequent written instruction. The party providing electronic instructions agrees to assume all
risks arising out of the use of such electronic methods to submit instructions and directions to the Trustee, including without limitation
the risk of the Trustee acting on unauthorized instructions, and the risk or interception and misuse by third parties. The Trustee may
request that the Company deliver an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized
at such time to furnish the Trustee with Officer&rsquo;s Certificates, Company Orders and any other matters or directions pursuant to
this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified,
are extended to, and shall be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and under the Securities, and each agent,
custodian or other person employed to act under this Indenture; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default (other than an Event of Default constituting the failure
to pay the interest on, or the principal of, the Securities if the Trustee also serves as the paying agent for such Securities) until
the Trustee shall have received written notification in the manner set forth in this Indenture or a Responsible Officer of the Trustee
shall have obtained actual knowledge.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Trustee
Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance or Securities</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility
for the correctness of the same. The Trustee shall not be responsible for any statement in any registration statement, prospectus, or
any other document in connection with the sale of Securities. The Trustee shall not be responsible for any rating on the Securities or
any action or omission of any rating agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities,
or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>May&nbsp;Hold
Securities</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee or any paying
agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights
it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Moneys
Held in Trust</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the provisions
of Section&nbsp;11.05, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes
for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be
under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.06&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Compensation
and Reimbursement</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company shall pay to the Trustee for each of its capacities hereunder from time to time compensation for its services as the Company
and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee&rsquo;s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation
of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred
by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee&rsquo;s agents and counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder against any loss, liability or expense (including the
cost of defending itself and including the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee&rsquo;s agents and counsel) incurred by
it except as set forth in Section&nbsp;7.06(c)&nbsp;in the exercise or performance of its powers, rights or duties under this Indenture
as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Company shall defend
the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable
fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director,
employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through negligence or bad faith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>To
ensure the Company&rsquo;s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all funds or
property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of or interest on particular Securities. When the
Trustee incurs expenses or renders services in connection with an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;6.01(4)&nbsp;or (5), the
expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel) and the compensation for services in connection therewith are to
constitute expenses of administration under any bankruptcy law. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;7.06 shall survive the termination
of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.07&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Reliance
on Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided
in Section&nbsp;7.01, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary
or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter
(unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part
of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such
certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action
taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.08&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Disqualification;
Conflicting Interests</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Trustee has or shall
acquire any &ldquo;conflicting interest&rdquo; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;310(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee
and the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section&nbsp;310(b)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.09&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Corporate
Trustee Required; Eligibility</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There shall at all times
be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under
the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other
Person permitted to act as trustee by the Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having a combined
capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state,
territorial, or District of Columbia authority.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If such corporation or other
Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining
authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed
to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may
any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at
any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect specified in Section&nbsp;7.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Resignation
and Removal; Appointment of Successor</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written
notice thereof to the Company and the Securityholders of such series. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly
appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board
of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor
trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the sending of such notice of resignation, the
resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities
of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months
may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such
court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case at any time any one of the following shall occur:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.08 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder
who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.09 and shall fail to resign after written request
therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>the
Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding,
or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control
of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">then, in any such case, the
Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed
by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor
trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of
that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment
of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and
appoint a successor trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the
Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with
the consent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Any
resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any
of the provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in
Section&nbsp;7.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Any
successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section&nbsp;may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all
of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Acceptance
of Appointment By Successor</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall
execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the
resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the
successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of any amounts due to it pursuant to the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.06,
execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and
shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company,
the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture
supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i)&nbsp;shall contain such provisions as
shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and
duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee
relates, (ii)&nbsp;shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring
shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii)&nbsp;shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as
shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood
that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee
shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such
Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the
execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the
extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the
duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or
conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities
of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee,
such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental
indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which
the appointment of such successor trustee relates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Upon
request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and
confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a)&nbsp;or (b)&nbsp;of this Section,
as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>No
successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Upon
acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall send notice of the succession of such
trustee hereunder to the Securityholders. If the Company fails to send such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by
the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be sent at the expense of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Merger,
Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any corporation into which
the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion
or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust
business of the Trustee, including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder,
provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.08 and eligible under the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.09,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor
by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated
with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.13&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Preferential
Collection of Claims Against the Company</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee shall comply
with Section&nbsp;311(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section&nbsp;311(b)&nbsp;of
the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section&nbsp;311(a)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture
Act to the extent included therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;7.14&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Notice
of Default</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any Event of Default occurs
and is continuing and if such Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall send to each Securityholder
in the manner and to the extent provided in Section&nbsp;313(c)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Event of Default within
the earlier of 90 days after it occurs and 30 days after it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee or written notice of it
is received by the Trustee, unless such Event of Default has been cured; <I>provided, however</I>, that, except in the case of a default
in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such
notice if and so long as the Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the
interest of the Securityholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
8</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE SECURITYHOLDERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Evidence
of Action by Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Whenever in this Indenture
it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular
series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking
of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that
series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders
of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the Company shall solicit
from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company
may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination
of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the
Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business
on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion
of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date;
provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective
unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Proof
of Execution by Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the provisions
of Section&nbsp;7.01, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his
or her agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>The
ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Trustee may require such additional proof
of any matter referred to in this Section&nbsp;as it shall deem necessary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Who
May&nbsp;be Deemed Owners</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to the due presentment
for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat
the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Security Registrar as the absolute owner of such Security
(whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than
the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section&nbsp;2.03)
interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar
shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Certain
Securities Owned by Company Disregarded</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In determining whether the
holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or
waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that
series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor
on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except
that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only
Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been
pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction
of the Trustee the pledgee&rsquo;s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly
controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor. In case of a dispute
as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;8.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Actions
Binding on Future Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At any time prior to (but
not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section&nbsp;8.01, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority
or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such
action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have
consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section&nbsp;8.02,
revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be
conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange
therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made
upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee
and the holders of all the Securities of that series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
9</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>SUPPLEMENTAL
INDENTURES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Supplemental
Indentures Without the Consent of Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition to any supplemental
indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture
or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent
of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
comply with Article&nbsp;Ten;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series
of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities,
stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series),
to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions
or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication,
and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section&nbsp;2.01,
to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities,
or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>to
comply with any requirements of the Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust
Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Trustee is hereby authorized
to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations
that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the
Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any supplemental indenture
authorized by the provisions of this Section&nbsp;may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of
any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section&nbsp;9.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Supplemental
Indentures With Consent of Securityholders</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With the consent (evidenced
as provided in Section&nbsp;8.01) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each
series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution,
and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform
to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner
or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by
Section&nbsp;9.01 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental
indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a)&nbsp;extend the fixed
maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of
interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b)&nbsp;reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities,
the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">It shall not be necessary
for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section&nbsp;to approve the particular form of any proposed
supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Effect
of Supplemental Indentures</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon the execution of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article&nbsp;or of Section&nbsp;10.01, this Indenture shall, with respect to
such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations,
duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall
thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the
terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture
for any and all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Securities
Affected by Supplemental Indentures</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Securities of any series
affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the
provisions of this Article&nbsp;or of Section&nbsp;10.01, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets
the requirements of any securities exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental
indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of
Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated
by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;9.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Execution
of Supplemental Indentures</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon the request of the Company,
accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee
of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the
execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities
under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental
indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;7.01, shall receive an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or an Opinion of
Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article&nbsp;is authorized or permitted by the
terms of this Article&nbsp;and that all conditions precedent to the execution of the supplemental indenture have been complied with;
provided, however, that such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution
of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Promptly after the execution
by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Company shall (or shall
direct the Trustee to) send a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders
of all series affected thereby .as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Company to send, or
cause the sending of, such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental
indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
10</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>SUCCESSOR
ENTITY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;10.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Company
May&nbsp;Consolidate, Etc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Nothing contained in this
Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the
Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or
shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an
entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors);
provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company
is not the survivor of such transaction) or any such sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition (other than a sale, conveyance,
transfer or other disposition to a Subsidiary of the Company), the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and
interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and
punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established
with respect to such series pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.01 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental
indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the
Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged,
or by the entity which shall have acquired such property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;10.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Successor
Entity Substituted</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity
by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth
under Section&nbsp;10.01 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted
for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be
relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>In
case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not
in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Nothing
contained in this Article&nbsp;shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the
Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or
any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
11</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>SATISFACTION
AND DISCHARGE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Satisfaction
and Discharge of Indenture</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If at any time: (a)&nbsp;the
Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to
the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced
or paid as provided in Section&nbsp;2.07 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited
in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided
in Section&nbsp;11.05); or (b)&nbsp;all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation
shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption
within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit
or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof,
sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed
for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect
to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for
the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 7.10, 11.05 and 13.04, that shall survive until the date of maturity or
redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.06 and 11.05, that shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on
demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging
this Indenture with respect to such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Discharge
of Obligations</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If at any time all such Securities
of a particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described
in Section&nbsp;11.01 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount
of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity
or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder
by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited
with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect
except for the provisions of Sections 2.03, 2.05, 2.07, 4,01, 4.02, 4,03, 7.06, 7.10, 11.05 and 13.04 hereof that shall survive until
such Securities shall mature and be paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Thereafter, Sections 7.06
and 11.05 shall survive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Deposited
Moneys to be Held in Trust</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All moneys or Governmental
Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.01 or 11.02 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment
as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular
series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Payment
of Moneys Held by Paying Agents</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture
shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability
with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;11.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Repayment
to Company</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any moneys or Governmental
Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium,
if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities
for at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively
become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be
repaid to the Company on May&nbsp;31 of each year or upon the Company&rsquo;s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged
from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys
or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general
creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
12</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>IMMUNITY
OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;12.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>No
Recourse</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No recourse under or upon
any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof,
shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor
or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue
of any constitution, statute or rule&nbsp;of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly
understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability
whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company
or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under
or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom;
and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute,
of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of the
creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture
or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration
for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>article
13</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS
PROVISIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.01&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Effect
on Successors and Assigns</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All the covenants, stipulations,
promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed
or not.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.02&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Actions
by Successor</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any act or proceeding by
any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall
and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall
at the time be the lawful successor of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.03&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Surrender
of Company Powers</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company by instrument
in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the
Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.04&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Notices</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise expressly
provided herein, any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or
served by the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying or other agent under this Indenture or by the holders of Securities or by any
other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid,
addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows:<U>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</U>.
Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or
upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.05&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Governing
Law; Jury Trial Waiver</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture and each Security
shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust
Indenture Act is applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">EACH PARTY HERETO, AND EACH
HOLDER OF A SECURITY BY ACCEPTANCE THEREOF, HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY&nbsp;HAVE
TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS INDENTURE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.06&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Treatment
of Securities as Debt</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">It is intended that the Securities
will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted
to further this intention.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.07&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Certificates
and Opinions as to Conditions Precedent</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Upon
any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture (other
than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.12) relating to the proposed action have been complied with and, if
requested, an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except
that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision
of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT>Each
certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant
in this Indenture (other than the certificate to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.12 of this Indenture or Section&nbsp;314(a)(1)&nbsp;of
the Trust Indenture Act) shall include (i)&nbsp;a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant
or condition; (ii)&nbsp;a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or
opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii)&nbsp;a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made
such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant
or condition has been complied with; and (iv)&nbsp;a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or
covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.08&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Payments
on Business Days</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as provided pursuant
to Section&nbsp;2.01 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures
supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption
of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding
Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for
the period after such nominal date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.09&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Conflict
with Trust Indenture Act</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If and to the extent that
any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Section&nbsp;318(c)&nbsp;of the Trust Indenture
Act, such imposed duties shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Counterparts</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Indenture may be executed
in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same
instrument. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages&nbsp;by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective
execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes.
Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Separability</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any one or more of
the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture
or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision
had never been contained herein or therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Compliance
Certificates</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Company shall deliver to
the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an officer&rsquo;s
certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall
contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company
that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company&rsquo;s performance under this Indenture and that the
Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;13.12, such compliance
shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If the officer of the
Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such an Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Event of Default
and its status.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.13&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>U.S.A
Patriot Act</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The parties hereto acknowledge
that in accordance with Section&nbsp;326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions and in order to help
fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person
or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that they will
provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.14&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Force
Majeure</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In no event shall the Trustee,
the Security Registrar, any paying agent or any other agent under this Indenture be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in
the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including
without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural
catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions or utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware)
services; it being understood that the Trustee, the Security Registrar, any paying agent or any other agent under this Indenture shall
use reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable
under the circumstances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Section&nbsp;13.15&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B></FONT><B>Table
of Contents; Headings.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The table of contents and
headings of the articles and sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not intended to be
considered a part hereof, and will not modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof</B></FONT>, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above
written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[<FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Trustee</FONT>]<FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">,
    <FONT STYLE="text-transform: lowercase">as Trustee</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE (1)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Section&nbsp;of
                                            Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as Amended</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 28%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Section&nbsp;of
                                            Indenture</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">310(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.09</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">310(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.08</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.10</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">310(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">311(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">311(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.13</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">311(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">312(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.02(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">312(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.02(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">312(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.02(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">313(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.04(c)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.03</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.12</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.07(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.07(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">314(f)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Inapplicable</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01(a)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.14</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.01(b)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">315(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.07</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">316(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.06</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">316(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.04</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">316(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.01</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">317(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.02</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">317(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.03</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">318(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13.09</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 25%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute
                                            part of the Indenture and shall not have any bearing on the interpretation of any of its
                                            terms or provisions.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.4
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2613101d2_ex4-4.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.4
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.4</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>and</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>_____________,
As Warrant Agent</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Common Stock<BR>
Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Dated
As Of __________</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. Form&nbsp;of Common Stock Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>This
Common Stock Warrant Agreement</B></FONT> (this &ldquo;<B><I>Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), dated as of [&#9679;], between Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), and [&#9679;], a [corporation] [national banking association] organized
and existing under the laws of [&#9679;] and having a corporate trust office in [&#9679;], as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Agent</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,</B></FONT>
the Company proposes to sell [If Warrants are sold with other securities &mdash;[title of such other securities being offered] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Other
Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) with] warrant certificates evidencing one or more warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo; or, individually,
a &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant</I></B>&rdquo;) representing the right to purchase Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the
 &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), such warrant certificates and other warrant certificates issued pursuant to this Agreement
being herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Certificates</I></B>&rdquo;; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,
</B></FONT>the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection
with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant Certificates, and in this Agreement wishes
to set forth, among other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates and the terms and conditions on which they may be
issued, registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and replaced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now
Therefore,</B></FONT> in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUANCE
OF WARRANTS AND EXECUTION AND<BR>
DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Issuance
of Warrants. </B>[<B><I>If Warrants alone</I></B> &mdash;Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.]
[<B><I>If Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued in connection with the issuance of the Other
Securities but shall be separately transferable and each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] Each Warrant evidenced
thereby shall represent the right, subject to the provisions contained herein and therein, to purchase one Warrant Security. [<B><I>If
Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued with the Other Securities and each Warrant Certificate
will evidence [&#9679;] Warrants for each [$[&#9679;] principal amount] [[&#9679;] shares] of Other Securities issued.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Execution
and Delivery of Warrant Certificates. </B>Each Warrant Certificate, whenever issued, shall be in registered form substantially in the
form set forth in <B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B> hereto, shall be dated the date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have such
letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon
as the officers of the Company executing the same may approve (execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation
made pursuant thereto or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation of any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be listed, or to conform
to usage. The Warrant Certificates shall be signed on behalf of the Company by any of its present or future chief executive officers,
presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, chief financial officers, chief legal officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers,
controllers, assistant controllers, secretaries or assistant secretaries under its corporate seal reproduced thereon. Such signatures
may be manual or facsimile signatures of such authorized officers and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.
The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on
the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No Warrant Certificate shall
be valid for any purpose, and no Warrant evidenced thereby shall be exercisable, until such Warrant Certificate has been countersigned
by the manual signature of the Warrant Agent. Such signature by the Warrant Agent upon any Warrant Certificate executed by the Company
shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate so countersigned has been duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any officer of the
Company who shall have signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by facsimile signature shall cease to be such officer
before the Warrant Certificates so signed shall have been countersigned and delivered by the Warrant Agent, such Warrant Certificates
may be countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who signed such Warrant Certificates ceased to be such officer of the
Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the actual date of the execution of
such Warrant Certificate, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such
person was not such officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The term &ldquo;<B><I>holder</I></B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B><I>holder of a Warrant Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; as used herein shall mean any person in whose name at the time any Warrant
Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Issuance
of Warrant Certificates. </B>Warrant Certificates evidencing the right to purchase Warrant Securities may be executed by the Company and
delivered to the Warrant Agent upon the execution of this Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The Warrant Agent shall, upon receipt
of Warrant Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company, countersign such Warrant Certificates and shall deliver such Warrant Certificates
to or upon the order of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>WARRANT
PRICE, DURATION AND EXERCISE OF WARRANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Warrant
Price. </B>During the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, each Warrant shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement and the applicable
Warrant Certificate, entitle the holder thereof to purchase the number of Warrant Securities specified in the applicable Warrant Certificate
at an exercise price of $[&#9679;] per Warrant Security, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, as hereinafter provided.
Such purchase price per Warrant Security is referred to in this Agreement as the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price.</I></B>&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Duration
of Warrants. </B>Each Warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as specified herein, on or after [the date thereof] [&#9679;]
and at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;] or such later date as the Company may designate by notice to the Warrant Agent
and the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed to their addresses as set forth in the record books of the Warrant Agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Expiration
Date</I></B>&rdquo;). Each Warrant not exercised at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the Expiration Date shall become void, and
all rights of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under this Agreement shall cease.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Exercise
of Warrants.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>During
the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered
form by providing certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful money
of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire
transfer in immediately available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised
to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office, provided that such exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such
payment by the Warrant Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the form of election to purchase Warrant Securities set forth on the reverse
side of the Warrant Certificate properly completed and duly executed. The date on which payment in full of the Warrant Price is received
by the Warrant Agent shall, subject to receipt of the Warrant Certificate as aforesaid, be deemed to be the date on which the Warrant
is exercised; provided, however, that if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment in full of the Warrant Price,
the transfer books for the Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be closed, no such receipt of such
Warrant Certificates and no such payment of such Warrant Price shall be effective to constitute the person so designated to be named
as the holder of record of such Warrant Securities on such date, but shall be effective to constitute such person as the holder of record
of such Warrant Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next succeeding day on which the transfer books for the
Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be opened, and the certificates for the Warrant Securities in
respect of which such Warrants are then exercised shall be issuable as of the date on such next succeeding day on which the transfer
books shall next be opened, and until such date the Company shall be under no duty to deliver any certificate for such Warrant Securities.
The Warrant Agent shall deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Warrant Price in an account of the Company maintained with
it and shall advise the Company by telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for the exercise of Warrants is received of the
amount so deposited to its account. The Warrant Agent shall promptly confirm such telephone advice to the Company in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Warrant Agent shall, from time to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Securities with
respect to which Warrants were exercised, (ii)&nbsp;the instructions of each holder of the Warrant Certificates evidencing such Warrants
with respect to delivery of the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled upon such exercise, (iii)&nbsp;delivery of Warrant
Certificates evidencing the balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant Securities after such exercise, and (iv)&nbsp;such
other information as the Company shall reasonably require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>As
soon as practicable after the exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall issue to or upon the order of the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled, in fully registered form, registered in such name or
names as may be directed by such holder. If fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate are exercised, the Company
shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing
Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer
involved in the issue of the Warrant Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required
to issue or deliver any Warrant Security until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the Company&rsquo;s
satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Prior
to the issuance of any Warrants there shall have been reserved, and the Company shall at all times through the Expiration Date keep reserved,
out of its authorized but unissued Warrant Securities, a number of shares sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>OTHER
PROVISIONS RELATING TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Rights as Warrant Securityholder Conferred by Warrants or Warrant Certificates. </B>No Warrant Certificate or Warrant evidenced thereby
shall entitle the holder thereof to any of the rights of a holder of Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive
the payment of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities or to exercise any voting rights, except to the extent expressly
set forth in this Agreement or the applicable Warrant Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Lost,
Stolen, Mutilated or Destroyed Warrant Certificates. </B>Upon receipt by the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it and
the Company of the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and/or indemnity reasonably
satisfactory to the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate
to the Warrant Agent for cancellation, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Warrant Agent that such Warrant Certificate
has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign
and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate of
the same tenor and evidencing Warrants for a like number of Warrant Securities. Upon the issuance of any new Warrant Certificate under
this Section&nbsp;3.2, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may
be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith.
Every substitute Warrant Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall represent an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately
with any and all other Warrant Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.2 are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or
destroyed Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Holder
of Warrant Certificate May&nbsp;Enforce Rights. </B>Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement, any holder of a Warrant Certificate,
without the consent of the Warrant Agent, the holder of any Warrant Securities or the holder of any other Warrant Certificate, may, in
such holder&rsquo;s own behalf and for such holder&rsquo;s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding
against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, such holder&rsquo;s right to exercise the Warrants evidenced by such
holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate in the manner provided in such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate and in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Adjustments.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>In
case the Company shall at any time subdivide its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares, the Warrant Price
in effect immediately prior to such subdivision shall be proportionately reduced and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under
the Warrants shall be proportionately increased. Conversely, in case the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company shall be combined
into a smaller number of shares, the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such combination shall be proportionately increased
and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the Warrants shall be proportionately decreased.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>If
at any time or from time to time the holders of Common Stock (or any shares of stock or other securities at the time receivable upon
the exercise of the Warrants) shall have received or become entitled to receive, without payment therefor,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Common
Stock or any shares of stock or other securities which are at any time directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for Common
Stock, or any rights or options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing by way of dividend or other distribution;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>any
cash paid or payable otherwise than as a cash dividend paid or payable out of the Company&rsquo;s current or retained earnings;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>any
evidence of the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Common
Stock or additional stock or other securities or property (including cash) by way of spinoff, split-up, reclassification, combination
of shares or similar corporate rearrangement (other than shares of Common Stock issued as a stock split or adjustments in respect of which
shall be covered by the terms of Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;above), then and in each such case, the holder of each Warrant shall, upon the
exercise of the Warrant, be entitled to receive, in addition to the number of Warrant Securities receivable thereupon, and without payment
of any additional consideration therefore, the amount of stock and other securities and property (including cash and indebtedness or rights
to subscribe for or purchase indebtedness) which such holder would hold on the date of such exercise had such holder been the holder of
record of such Warrant Securities as of the date on which holders of Common Stock received or became entitled to receive such shares or
all other additional stock and other securities and property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>In
case of (i)&nbsp;any reclassification, capital reorganization, or change in the Common Stock of the Company (other than as a result of
a subdivision, combination, or stock dividend provided for in Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;or Section&nbsp;3.4(b)&nbsp;above), (ii)&nbsp;share
exchange, merger or similar transaction of the Company with or into another person or entity (other than a share exchange, merger or similar
transaction in which the Company is the acquiring or surviving corporation and which does not result in any change in the Common Stock
other than the issuance of additional shares of Common Stock) or (iii)&nbsp;the sale, exchange, lease, transfer or other disposition of
all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety (in any such case, a &ldquo;<B><I>Reorganization Event</I></B>&rdquo;),
then, as a condition of such Reorganization Event, lawful provisions shall be made, and duly executed documents evidencing the same from
the Company or its successor shall be delivered to the holders of the Warrants, so that the holders of the Warrants shall have the right
at any time prior to the expiration of the Warrants to purchase, at a total price equal to that payable upon the exercise of the Warrants,
the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property receivable in connection with such Reorganization Event by a
holder of the same number of Warrant Securities as were purchasable by the holders of the Warrants immediately prior to such Reorganization
Event. In any such case appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of the holders of the Warrants so
that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable with respect to any shares of stock or other securities and property deliverable
upon exercise the Warrants, and appropriate adjustments shall be made to the Warrant Price payable hereunder provided the aggregate purchase
price shall remain the same. In the case of any transaction described in clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii)&nbsp;above, the Company shall thereupon
be relieved of any further obligation hereunder or under the Warrants, and the Company as the predecessor corporation may thereupon or
at any time thereafter be dissolved, wound up or liquidated. Such successor or assuming entity thereupon may cause to be signed, and may
issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Warrants issuable hereunder which heretofore shall not have
been signed by the Company, and may execute and deliver securities in its own name, in fulfillment of its obligations to deliver Warrant
Securities upon exercise of the Warrants. All the Warrants so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under
this Agreement as the Warrants theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Agreement as though all of such Warrants
had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. In any case of any such Reorganization Event, such changes in phraseology and form
(but not in substance) may be made in the Warrants thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive a written
opinion of legal counsel as conclusive evidence that any such Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company may, at its option, at any time until the Expiration Date, reduce the then current Warrant Price to any amount deemed appropriate
by the Board of Directors of the Company for any period not exceeding twenty consecutive days (as evidenced in a resolution adopted by
such Board of Directors), but only upon giving the notices required by Section&nbsp;3.5 at least ten days prior to taking such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Except
as herein otherwise expressly provided, no adjustment in the Warrant Price shall be made by reason of the issuance of shares of Common
Stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock, or securities carrying the right to purchase any of
the foregoing or for any other reason whatsoever.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>No
fractional Warrant Securities shall be issued upon the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant shall be exercised at one time by
the same holder, the number of full Warrant Securities which shall be issuable upon such exercise shall be computed on the basis of the
aggregate number of Warrant Securities purchased pursuant to the Warrants so exercised. Instead of any fractional Warrant Security which
would otherwise be issuable upon exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in an amount
equal to the same fraction of the last reported sale price (or bid price if there were no sales) per Warrant Security, in either case
as reported on the principal registered national securities exchange on which the Warrant Securities are listed or admitted to trading
on the business day that next precedes the day of exercise or, if the Warrant Securities are not then listed or admitted to trading on
any registered national securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin
Board Service (the &ldquo;<B><I>OTC Bulletin Board</I></B>&rdquo;) operated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority,&nbsp;Inc.
(&ldquo;<B><I>FINRA</I></B>&rdquo; ) or, if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low
asked prices as reported on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system on such date, or if on any such date the
Warrant Securities are not listed or admitted to trading on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin
Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, an amount equal to the same fraction of
the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that
purpose at the close of business on the business day that next precedes the day of exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Whenever
the Warrant Price then in effect is adjusted as herein provided, the Company shall mail to each holder of the Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s
address as it shall appear on the books of the Company a statement setting forth the adjusted Warrant Price then and thereafter effective
under the provisions hereof, together with the facts, in reasonable detail, upon which such adjustment is based.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein, in no event shall the Warrant Price, as adjusted in accordance with the terms hereof, be less than the
par value per share of Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notice
to Warrantholders. </B>In case the Company shall (a)&nbsp;effect any dividend or distribution described in Section&nbsp;3.4(b), (b)&nbsp;effect
any Reorganization Event, (c)&nbsp;make any distribution on or in respect of the Common Stock in connection with the dissolution, liquidation
or winding up of the Company, or (d)&nbsp;reduce the then current Warrant Price pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d), then the Company shall
mail to each holder of Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s address as it shall appear on the books of the Warrant Agent, at least ten days
prior to the applicable date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the record date for such dividend or distribution, or,
if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of record of Common Stock that will be entitled to such dividend or
distribution are to be determined, (y)&nbsp;the date on which such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected
to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their
shares of Common Stock for securities or other property deliverable upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding
up, or (z)&nbsp;the first date on which the then current Warrant Price shall be reduced pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d). No failure to
mail such notice nor any defect therein or in the mailing thereof shall affect any such transaction or any adjustment in the Warrant
Price required by Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>[If
the Warrants are Subject to Acceleration by the Company,&nbsp;Insert &mdash; Acceleration of Warrants by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>At
any time on or after [&#9679;], the Company shall have the right to accelerate any or all Warrants at any time by causing them to expire
at the close of business on the day next preceding a specified date (the &ldquo;<B><I>Acceleration Date</I></B>&rdquo;), if the Market
Price (as hereinafter defined) of the Common Stock equals or exceeds [&#9679;] percent ([&#9679;]%) of the then effective Warrant Price
on any twenty Trading Days (as hereinafter defined) within a period of thirty consecutive Trading Days ending no more than five Trading
Days prior to the date on which the Company gives notice to the Warrant Agent of its election to accelerate the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;(b)&nbsp;</B>&ldquo;<B><I>Market
Price</I></B>&rdquo; for each Trading Day shall be, if the Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading on any registered national securities
exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way (or, if no such price is reported, the average of the reported closing bid and asked
prices, regular way) of Common Stock, in either case as reported on the principal registered national securities exchange on which the
Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any registered national securities exchange,
the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board operated by FINRA, or if not available
on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on any other U.S. quotation medium
or inter-dealer quotation system, or if on any such date the shares of Common Stock are not listed or admitted to trading on a registered
national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer
quotation system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by
the Company for that purpose. &ldquo;Trading Day&rdquo; shall be each Monday through Friday, other than any day on which securities are
not traded in the system or on the exchange that is the principal market for the Common Stock, as determined by the Board of Directors
of the Company. In the event of an acceleration of less than all of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall select the Warrants to be accelerated
by lot, pro rata or in such other manner as it deems, in its discretion, to be fair and appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Notice
of an acceleration specifying the Acceleration Date shall be sent by mail first class, postage prepaid, to each registered holder of a
Warrant Certificate representing a Warrant accelerated at such holder&rsquo;s address appearing on the books of the Warrant Agent not
more than sixty days nor less than thirty days before the Acceleration Date. Such notice of an acceleration also shall be given no more
than twenty days, and no less than ten days, prior to the mailing of notice to registered holders of Warrants pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.6,
by publication at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
Warrant accelerated may be exercised until [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the business day next preceding the Acceleration Date. The
Warrant Price shall be payable as provided in Section&nbsp;2.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>EXCHANGE
AND TRANSFER OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Exchange
and Transfer of Warrant Certificates. Upon surrender at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent, Warrant Certificates evidencing
Warrants may be exchanged for Warrant Certificates in other denominations evidencing such Warrants or the transfer thereof may be registered
in whole or in part; provided that such other Warrant Certificates evidence Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities
as the Warrant Certificates so surrendered. The Warrant Agent shall keep, at its corporate trust office, books in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it shall register Warrant Certificates and exchanges and transfers of outstanding Warrant
Certificates, upon surrender of the Warrant Certificates to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office for exchange or registration
of transfer, properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of registration of transfer and written instructions for transfer,
all in form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Warrant Certificates, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in connection with any such exchange or registration of transfer. Whenever any Warrant Certificates are so
surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver
to the person or persons entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates duly authorized and executed by the Company, as
so requested. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any exchange or registration of transfer which will result in the issuance
of a Warrant Certificate evidencing a Warrant for a fraction of a Warrant Security or a number of Warrants for a whole number of Warrant
Securities and a fraction of a Warrant Security. All Warrant Certificates issued upon any exchange or registration of transfer of Warrant
Certificates shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same obligations and entitled to the same benefits under this
Agreement as the Warrant Certificate surrendered for such exchange or registration of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Treatment
of Holders of Warrant Certificates. </B>The Company, the Warrant Agent and all other persons may treat the registered holder of a Warrant
Certificate as the absolute owner thereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights represented by the Warrants
evidenced thereby, any notice to the contrary notwithstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Cancellation
of Warrant Certificates. </B>Any Warrant Certificate surrendered for exchange, registration of transfer or exercise of the Warrants evidenced
thereby shall, if surrendered to the Company, be delivered to the Warrant Agent and all Warrant Certificates surrendered or so delivered
to the Warrant Agent shall be promptly canceled by the Warrant Agent and shall not be reissued and, except as expressly permitted by this
Agreement, no Warrant Certificate shall be issued hereunder in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof. The Warrant Agent shall deliver to
the Company from time to time or otherwise dispose of canceled Warrant Certificates in a manner satisfactory to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE WARRANT AGENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Warrant
Agent. </B>The Company hereby appoints [&#9679;] as Warrant Agent of the Company in respect of the Warrants and the Warrant Certificates
upon the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and [&#9679;] hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant Agent shall
have the powers and authority granted to and conferred upon it in the Warrant Certificates and hereby and such further powers and authority
to act on behalf of the Company as the Company may hereafter grant to or confer upon it. All of the terms and provisions with respect
to such powers and authority contained in the Warrant Certificates are subject to and governed by the terms and provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Conditions
of Warrant Agent&rsquo;s Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations herein set forth upon the terms and conditions hereof,
including the following to all of which the Company agrees and to all of which the rights hereunder of the holders from time to time of
the Warrant Certificates shall be subject:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Compensation
and Indemnification. </B>The Company agrees promptly to pay the Warrant Agent the compensation to be agreed upon with the Company for
all services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable
counsel fees) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct by the Warrant Agent in connection with the services rendered
hereunder by the Warrant Agent. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent, arising out of or
in connection with its acting as Warrant Agent hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim of
such liability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Agent
for the Company. </B>In acting under this Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting solely
as agent of the Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the holders of Warrant
Certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Counsel.
</B>The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and the written advice of
such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Documents.
</B>The Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in reliance
upon any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed
by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Certain
Transactions. </B>The Warrant Agent, and its officers, directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest in, Warrants,
with the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder, and, to the extent permitted by applicable
law, it or they may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as depositary, trustee
or agent for, any committee or body of holders of Warrant Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely as if it were not the
Warrant Agent hereunder. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee under any indenture
to which the Company is a party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Liability for Interest. </B>Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent shall have no liability for interest on any monies
at any time received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Liability for Invalidity. </B>The Warrant Agent shall have no liability with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or any of the
Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Responsibility for Representations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any of the recitals or representations herein or
in the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon), all of which are made solely by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Implied Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such duties as are herein and in the Warrant Certificates
specifically set forth and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates against the
Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense
or liability, the payment of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent shall
not be accountable or under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates authenticated by
the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds
of the Warrant Certificates. The Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the performance
of its covenants or agreements contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from
a holder of a Warrant Certificate with respect to such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty
or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or, except as provided in Section&nbsp;6.2 hereof,
to make any demand upon the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Resignation,
Removal and Appointment of Successors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company agrees, for the benefit of the holders from time to time of the Warrant Certificates, that there shall at all times be a Warrant
Agent hereunder until all the Warrants have been exercised or are no longer exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Warrant Agent may at any time resign as agent by giving written notice to the Company of such intention on its part, specifying the date
on which its desired resignation shall become effective; provided that such date shall not be less than three months after the date on
which such notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees. The Warrant Agent hereunder may be removed at any time by the filing with
it of an instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying such removal and the intended date when it shall become
effective. Such resignation or removal shall take effect upon the appointment by the Company, as hereinafter provided, of a successor
Warrant Agent (which shall be a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to exercise corporate
trust powers) and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Warrant Agent. The obligation of the Company under Section&nbsp;5.2(a)&nbsp;shall
continue to the extent set forth therein notwithstanding the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>In
case at any time the Warrant Agent shall resign, or shall be removed, or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt
or insolvent, or shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or under any other
applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver,
custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or
shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become
due, or shall take corporate action in furtherance of any such action, or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction
in the premises shall have been entered in respect of the Warrant Agent in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as
now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by
a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee,
trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge
or control of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation,
a successor Warrant Agent, qualified as aforesaid, shall be appointed by the Company by an instrument in writing, filed with the successor
Warrant Agent. Upon the appointment as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment,
the Warrant Agent shall cease to be Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
successor Warrant Agent appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the Company an instrument
accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Warrant Agent, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become
vested with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations of such predecessor with like effect as if originally
named as Warrant Agent hereunder, and such predecessor, upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon become
obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and such successor Warrant Agent shall be entitled to receive, all monies, securities and
other property on deposit with or held by such predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
corporation into which the Warrant Agent hereunder may be merged or converted or any corporation with which the Warrant Agent may be consolidated,
or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party, or any corporation
to which the Warrant Agent shall sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all the assets and business of the Warrant Agent, provided
that it shall be qualified as aforesaid, shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of
any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Amendment.
</B>This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto, without the consent of the holder of any Warrant Certificate, for the purpose
of curing any ambiguity, or of curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein, or making any other provisions
with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem necessary or desirable;
provided that such action shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notices
and Demands to the Company and Warrant Agent. </B>If the Warrant Agent shall receive any notice or demand addressed to the Company by
the holder of a Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent shall promptly forward such
notice or demand to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Addresses.
</B>Any communication from the Company to the Warrant Agent with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to [&#9679;], Attention:
[&#9679;] and any communication from the Warrant Agent to the Company with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd. Suite&nbsp;525, Sugar Land, TX 77478, Attention: [&#9679;] (or such other address as shall be specified in writing
by the Warrant Agent or by the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Governing
Law. </B>This Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws
of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Delivery
of Prospectus. </B>The Company shall furnish to the Warrant Agent sufficient copies of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the Warrant Securities deliverable upon exercise of the Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;),
and the Warrant Agent agrees that upon the exercise of any Warrant, the Warrant Agent will deliver to the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of the Warrant Securities issued upon such exercise, a Prospectus.
The Warrant Agent shall not, by reason of any such delivery, assume any responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of such Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Obtaining
of Governmental Approvals. </B>The Company will from time to time take all action which may be necessary to obtain and keep effective
any and all permits, consents and approvals of governmental agencies and authorities and securities act filings under United States Federal
and state laws (including without limitation a registration statement in respect of the Warrants and Warrant Securities under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended), which may be or become requisite in connection with the issuance, sale, transfer, and delivery of the Warrant
Securities issued upon exercise of the Warrants, the issuance, sale, transfer and delivery of the Warrants or upon the expiration of the
period during which the Warrants are exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Persons
Having Rights Under the Agreement. </B>Nothing in this Agreement shall give to any person other than the Company, the Warrant Agent and
the holders of the Warrant Certificates any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Headings.
</B>The descriptive headings of the several Articles and Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control
or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Counterparts.
</B>This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which as so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but
such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Inspection
of Agreement. </B>A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the principal corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for inspection by the holder of any Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent may require such holder to submit such holder&rsquo;s
Warrant Certificate for inspection by it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof,</B></FONT> the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc</FONT>.,
    <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: lowercase">as</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: capitalize">Company</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Attest:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Countersigned</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-transform: lowercase; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">[&#9679;], <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-transform: lowercase">as
    Warrant Agent</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Attest:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">[<FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Signature
Page</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">To</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc. Common
Stock Warrant Agreement</FONT>]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 56%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<B><I>Form&nbsp;of Legend if Warrants are not immediately exercisable.</I></B>]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; width: 44%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[Prior to [&#9679;], Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate cannot be exercised.]</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EXERCISABLE ONLY IF COUNTERSIGNED BY THE WARRANT
AGENT AS PROVIDED HEREIN</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">VOID AFTER [&#9679;] P.M., [City] time, ON [&#9679;].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TVARDI THERAPEUTICS,&nbsp;INC.<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING<BR>
WARRANTS TO PURCHASE<BR>
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.001 PER SHARE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: justify">No. [&#9679;]</TD>
                                                                                <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 50%">[&#9679;] Warrants</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This certifies that [&#9679;] or registered assigns
is the registered owner of the above indicated number of Warrants, each Warrant entitling such owner to purchase, at any time [after [&#9679;]
p.m., [City] time, [on [&#9679;] and] on or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;], [&#9679;]&nbsp;shares of Common Stock, par
value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;)
on the following basis: during the period from [&#9679;], through and including [&#9679;], the exercise price per Warrant Security will
be $[&#9679;], subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined) (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price</I></B>&rdquo;).
The Holder may exercise the Warrants evidenced hereby by providing certain information set forth on the back hereof and by paying in full,
in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds]
[by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which this Warrant
is exercised to the Warrant Agent (as hereinafter defined) and by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the purchase form on the
back hereof duly executed, at the corporate trust office of [name of Warrant Agent], or its successor as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Agent</I></B>&rdquo;), which is, on the date hereof, at the address specified on the reverse hereof, and upon compliance with and subject
to the conditions set forth herein and in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term &ldquo;<B><I>Holder</I></B>&rdquo; as
used herein shall mean the person in whose name at the time this Warrant Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained
by the Warrant Agent for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;4 of the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate
may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered form. Upon any exercise of fewer than all of the Warrants
evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there shall be issued to the Holder hereof a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the
number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate is issued under and in
accordance with the Warrant Agreement dated as of [&#9679;] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and
the Warrant Agent and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all of which terms and provisions
the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance hereof. Copies of the Warrant Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned
office of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Transfer of this Warrant Certificate may be registered
when this Warrant Certificate is surrendered at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent by the registered owner or such owner&rsquo;s
assigns, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After countersignature by the Warrant Agent and
prior to the expiration of this Warrant Certificate, this Warrant Certificate may be exchanged at the corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for Warrant Certificates representing Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not entitle the
Holder hereof to any of the rights of a holder of the Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive payments
of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities (except to the extent set forth in the Warrant Agreement) or to exercise
any voting rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Reference is hereby made to the further provisions
of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if
set forth at this place.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or
obligatory for any purpose until countersigned by the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In Witness
Whereof</B></FONT>, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed in its name and on its behalf by the facsimile signatures of its
duly authorized officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 100%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated: _________________</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">, as Company</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>COUNTERSIGNED</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>[&#9679;]</B>, as Warrant Agent</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[REVERSE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Instructions for Exercise of Warrant)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To exercise any Warrants evidenced
hereby for Warrant Securities (as hereinafter defined), the Holder must pay, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash
or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
the Warrant Price in full for Warrants exercised, to [&#9679;] [address of Warrant Agent], Attention: [&#9679;], which payment must specify
the name of the Holder and the number of Warrants exercised by such Holder. In addition, the Holder must complete the information required
below and present this Warrant Certificate in person or by mail (certified or registered mail is recommended) to the Warrant Agent at
the appropriate address set forth above. This Warrant Certificate, completed and duly executed, must be received by the Warrant Agent
within five business days of the payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(To be executed upon exercise of Warrants)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned hereby irrevocably
elects to exercise ______ Warrants, evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, to purchase _______ shares of the Common Stock, par value $0.001
per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. and represents that the undersigned
has tendered payment for such Warrant Securities, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official
bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], to the order of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
c/o [insert name and address of Warrant Agent], in the amount of $_________ in accordance with the terms hereof. The undersigned requests
that said Warrant Securities be in fully registered form in the authorized denominations, registered in such names and delivered all as
specified in accordance with the instructions set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the number of Warrants
exercised is less than all of the Warrants evidenced hereby, the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants
for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised be issued and delivered to the undersigned unless otherwise specified in the
instructions below.</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%">Dated:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Please Print</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Address:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Insert Social Security or Other Identifying Number of Holder)</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 15%">Signature Guaranteed:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Signature</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Signature must conform in all respects to name
of holder as specified on the face of this Warrant Certificate and must bear a signature guarantee by a FINRA member firm).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant may be exercised at the following
addresses: By hand at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[&#9679;]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By mail at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[Instructions as to form and delivery of Warrant
Securities and, if applicable, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised&mdash;complete
as appropriate.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[Form&nbsp;of assignment to be executed if Warrant
Holder desires to transfer Warrant]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>For
Value Received</B></FONT><B>,</B> ______________ hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 48%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 49%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD>(Please print name and address including zip code)</TD>
  <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD>Please print Social Security or other identifying number</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">the right represented by the within Warrant to
purchase _______________ shares of [Title of Warrant Securities] of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. to which the within Warrant relates
and appoints ____________________ attorney to transfer such right on the books of the Warrant Agent with full power of substitution in
the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">Dated:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Signature</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(Signature must conform in
all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">Signature Guaranteed</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.5
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2613101d2_ex4-5.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.5
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.5</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>and</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>_____________,
As Warrant Agent</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Preferred Stock<BR>
Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Dated
As Of __________</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. Form&nbsp;of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>This
Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement</B></FONT> (this &ldquo;<B><I>Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), dated as of [&#9679;], between Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), and [&#9679;], a [corporation] [national banking association] organized
and existing under the laws of [&#9679;] and having a corporate trust office in [&#9679;], as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Agent</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,</B></FONT>
the Company proposes to sell [<B><I>If Warrants are sold with other securities &mdash; </I></B>[title of such other securities being offered]
(the &ldquo;<B><I>Other Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) with] warrant certificates evidencing one or more warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;
or, individually, a &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant</I></B>&rdquo;) representing the right to purchase [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through
exercise of Warrants] of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), such warrant certificates
and other warrant certificates issued pursuant to this Agreement being herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Certificates</I></B>&rdquo;;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,
</B></FONT>the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection
with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant Certificates, and in this Agreement wishes
to set forth, among other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates and the terms and conditions on which they may be
issued, registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and replaced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now
Therefore,</B></FONT> in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUANCE
OF WARRANTS AND EXECUTION AND<BR>
DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Issuance
of Warrants. </B>[<B><I>If Warrants alone</I></B> &mdash;Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.]
[<B><I>If Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued in connection with the issuance of the Other
Securities but shall be separately transferable and each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] Each Warrant evidenced
thereby shall represent the right, subject to the provisions contained herein and therein, to purchase one Warrant Security. [<B><I>If
Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash;Warrant Certificates will be issued with the Other Securities and each Warrant Certificate
will evidence [&#9679;] Warrants for each [$[&#9679;] principal amount] [[&#9679;] shares] of Other Securities issued.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Execution
and Delivery of Warrant Certificates. </B>Each Warrant Certificate, whenever issued, shall be in registered form substantially in the
form set forth in <B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B> hereto, shall be dated the date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have such
letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon
as the officers of the Company executing the same may approve (execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation
made pursuant thereto or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation of any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be listed, or to conform
to usage. The Warrant Certificates shall be signed on behalf of the Company by any of its present or future chief executive officers,
presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, chief financial officers, chief legal officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers,
controllers, assistant controllers, secretaries or assistant secretaries under its corporate seal reproduced thereon. Such signatures
may be manual or facsimile signatures of such authorized officers and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.
The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on
the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No Warrant Certificate shall
be valid for any purpose, and no Warrant evidenced thereby shall be exercisable, until such Warrant Certificate has been countersigned
by the manual signature of the Warrant Agent. Such signature by the Warrant Agent upon any Warrant Certificate executed by the Company
shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate so countersigned has been duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any officer of the
Company who shall have signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by facsimile signature shall cease to be such officer
before the Warrant Certificates so signed shall have been countersigned and delivered by the Warrant Agent, such Warrant Certificates
may be countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who signed such Warrant Certificates ceased to be such officer of the
Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the actual date of the execution of
such Warrant Certificate, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such
person was not such officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The term &ldquo;<B><I>holder</I></B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B><I>holder of a Warrant Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; as used herein shall mean any person in whose name at the time any Warrant
Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Issuance
of Warrant Certificates. </B>Warrant Certificates evidencing the right to purchase Warrant Securities may be executed by the Company and
delivered to the Warrant Agent upon the execution of this Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The Warrant Agent shall, upon receipt
of Warrant Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company, countersign such Warrant Certificates and shall deliver such Warrant Certificates
to or upon the order of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>WARRANT
PRICE, DURATION AND EXERCISE OF WARRANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Warrant
Price. </B>During the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, each Warrant shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement and the applicable
Warrant Certificate, entitle the holder thereof to purchase the number of Warrant Securities specified in the applicable Warrant Certificate
at an exercise price of $[&#9679;] per Warrant Security, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, as hereinafter provided.
Such purchase price per Warrant Security is referred to in this Agreement as the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price.</I></B>&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Duration
of Warrants. </B>Each Warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as specified herein, on or after [the date thereof] [&#9679;]
and at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;] or such later date as the Company may designate by notice to the Warrant Agent
and the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed to their addresses as set forth in the record books of the Warrant Agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Expiration
Date</I></B>&rdquo;). Each Warrant not exercised at or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the Expiration Date shall become void, and
all rights of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under this Agreement shall cease.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Exercise
of Warrants.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>During
the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered
form by providing certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful money
of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire
transfer in immediately available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised
to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office, provided that such exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such
payment by the Warrant Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the form of election to purchase Warrant Securities set forth on the reverse
side of the Warrant Certificate properly completed and duly executed. The date on which payment in full of the Warrant Price is received
by the Warrant Agent shall, subject to receipt of the Warrant Certificate as aforesaid, be deemed to be the date on which the Warrant
is exercised; provided, however, that if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment in full of the Warrant Price,
the transfer books for the Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be closed, no such receipt of such
Warrant Certificates and no such payment of such Warrant Price shall be effective to constitute the person so designated to be named as
the holder of record of such Warrant Securities on such date, but shall be effective to constitute such person as the holder of record
of such Warrant Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next succeeding day on which the transfer books for the
Warrant Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be opened, and the certificates for the Warrant Securities in
respect of which such Warrants are then exercised shall be issuable as of the date on such next succeeding day on which the transfer books
shall next be opened, and until such date the Company shall be under no duty to deliver any certificate for such Warrant Securities. The
Warrant Agent shall deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Warrant Price in an account of the Company maintained with it and
shall advise the Company by telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for the exercise of Warrants is received of the amount
so deposited to its account. The Warrant Agent shall promptly confirm such telephone advice to the Company in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Warrant Agent shall, from time to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Securities with
respect to which Warrants were exercised, (ii)&nbsp;the instructions of each holder of the Warrant Certificates evidencing such Warrants
with respect to delivery of the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled upon such exercise, (iii)&nbsp;delivery of Warrant
Certificates evidencing the balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant Securities after such exercise, and (iv)&nbsp;such
other information as the Company shall reasonably require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>As
soon as practicable after the exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall issue to or upon the order of the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant the Warrant Securities to which such holder is entitled, in fully registered form, registered in such name or
names as may be directed by such holder. If fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by such Warrant Certificate are exercised, the Company
shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing
Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer
involved in the issue of the Warrant Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required
to issue or deliver any Warrant Security until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the Company&rsquo;s
satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Prior
to the issuance of any Warrants there shall have been reserved, and the Company shall at all times through the Expiration Date keep reserved,
out of its authorized but unissued Warrant Securities, a number of shares sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>OTHER
PROVISIONS RELATING TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Rights as Warrant Securityholder Conferred by Warrants or Warrant Certificates. </B>No Warrant Certificate or Warrant evidenced thereby
shall entitle the holder thereof to any of the rights of a holder of Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive
the payment of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities or to exercise any voting rights, except to the extent expressly
set forth in this Agreement or the applicable Warrant Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Lost,
Stolen, Mutilated or Destroyed Warrant Certificates. </B>Upon receipt by the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it and
the Company of the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and/or indemnity reasonably
satisfactory to the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate
to the Warrant Agent for cancellation, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Warrant Agent that such Warrant Certificate
has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign
and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate of
the same tenor and evidencing Warrants for a like number of Warrant Securities. Upon the issuance of any new Warrant Certificate under
this Section&nbsp;3.2, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may
be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith.
Every substitute Warrant Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall represent an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately
with any and all other Warrant Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.2 are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or
destroyed Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Holder
of Warrant Certificate May&nbsp;Enforce Rights. </B>Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement, any holder of a Warrant Certificate,
without the consent of the Warrant Agent, the holder of any Warrant Securities or the holder of any other Warrant Certificate, may, in
such holder&rsquo;s own behalf and for such holder&rsquo;s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding
against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, such holder&rsquo;s right to exercise the Warrants evidenced by such
holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate in the manner provided in such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate and in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Adjustments.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>In
case the Company shall at any time subdivide its outstanding shares of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants]
into a greater number of shares, the Warrant Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision shall be proportionately reduced and
the number of Warrant Securities purchasable under the Warrants shall be proportionately increased. Conversely, in case the outstanding
shares of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] shall be combined into a smaller number of shares, the Warrant
Price in effect immediately prior to such combination shall be proportionately increased and the number of Warrant Securities purchasable
under the Warrants shall be proportionately decreased.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>If
at any time or from time to time the holders of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] (or any shares of
stock or other securities at the time receivable upon the exercise of the Warrants) shall have received or become entitled to receive,
without payment therefore,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>[title
of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] or any shares of stock or other securities which are at any time directly
or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants], or any rights
or options to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing by way of dividend or other distribution;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>any
cash paid or payable otherwise than in accordance with the terms of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants]
or as a cash dividend paid or payable out of the Company&rsquo;s current or retained earnings;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>any
evidence of the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase the Company&rsquo;s indebtedness; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><B>(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>[title
of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] or additional stock or other securities or property (including cash) by way
of spinoff, split-up, reclassification, combination of shares or similar corporate rearrangement (other than shares of [title of Preferred
Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] issued as a stock split or adjustments in respect of which shall be covered by the terms
of Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;above), then and in each such case, the holder of each Warrant shall, upon the exercise of the Warrant, be
entitled to receive, in addition to the number of Warrant Securities receivable thereupon, and without payment of any additional consideration
therefore, the amount of stock and other securities and property (including cash and indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase
indebtedness) which such holder would hold on the date of such exercise had such holder been the holder of record of such Warrant Securities
as of the date on which holders of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] received or became entitled to
receive such shares or all other additional stock and other securities and property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>In
case of (i)&nbsp;any reclassification, capital reorganization, or change in the [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise
of Warrants] of the Company (other than as a result of a subdivision, combination, or stock dividend provided for in Section&nbsp;3.4(a)&nbsp;or
Section&nbsp;3.4(b)&nbsp;above), (ii)&nbsp;share exchange, merger or similar transaction of the Company with or into another person or
entity (other than a share exchange, merger or similar transaction in which the Company is the acquiring or surviving corporation and
which does not result in any change in the [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] other than the issuance
of additional shares of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants]) or (iii)&nbsp;the sale, exchange, lease,
transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company as an entirety (in any such case,
a &ldquo;<B><I>Reorganization Event</I></B>&rdquo;), then, as a condition of such Reorganization Event, lawful provisions shall be made,
and duly executed documents evidencing the same from the Company or its successor shall be delivered to the holders of the Warrants, so
that the holders of the Warrants shall have the right at any time prior to the expiration of the Warrants to purchase, at a total price
equal to that payable upon the exercise of the Warrants, the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property receivable
in connection with such Reorganization Event by a holder of the same number of shares of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through
exercise of Warrants] as were purchasable by the holders of the Warrants immediately prior to such Reorganization Event. In any such case
appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of the holders of the Warrants so that the provisions hereof
shall thereafter be applicable with respect to any shares of stock or other securities and property deliverable upon exercise the Warrants,
and appropriate adjustments shall be made to the Warrant Price payable hereunder provided the aggregate purchase price shall remain the
same. In the case of any transaction described in clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii)&nbsp;above, the Company shall thereupon be relieved of any
further obligation hereunder or under the Warrants, and the Company as the predecessor corporation may thereupon or at any time thereafter
be dissolved, wound up or liquidated. Such successor or assuming entity thereupon may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its
own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Warrants issuable hereunder which heretofore shall not have been signed by the
Company, and may execute and deliver securities in its own name, in fulfillment of its obligations to deliver Warrant Securities upon
exercise of the Warrants. All the Warrants so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Agreement as
the Warrants theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Agreement as though all of such Warrants had been issued
at the date of the execution hereof. In any case of any such Reorganization Event, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance)
may be made in the Warrants thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive a written opinion of legal counsel
as conclusive evidence that any such Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company may, at its option, at any time until the Expiration Date, reduce the then current Warrant Price to any amount deemed appropriate
by the Board of Directors of the Company for any period not exceeding twenty consecutive days (as evidenced in a resolution adopted by
such Board of Directors), but only upon giving the notices required by Section&nbsp;3.5 at least ten days prior to taking such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Except
as herein otherwise expressly provided, no adjustment in the Warrant Price shall be made by reason of the issuance of <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">any
securities of the Company or for any other reason whatsoever.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>No
fractional Warrant Securities shall be issued upon the exercise of Warrants. If more than one Warrant shall be exercised at one time by
the same holder, the number of full Warrant Securities which shall be issuable upon such exercise shall be computed on the basis of the
aggregate number of Warrant Securities purchased pursuant to the Warrants so exercised. Instead of any fractional Warrant Security which
would otherwise be issuable upon exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such fraction in an amount
equal to the same fraction of the last reported sale price (or bid price if there were no sales) per Warrant Security, in either case
as reported on the principal registered national securities exchange on which the Warrant Securities are listed or admitted to trading
on the business day that next precedes the day of exercise or, if the Warrant Securities are not then listed or admitted to trading on
any registered national securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin
Board Service (the &ldquo;<B><I>OTC Bulletin Board</I></B>&rdquo;) operated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority,&nbsp;Inc.
(&ldquo;<B><I>FINRA</I></B>&rdquo; ) or, if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low
asked prices as reported on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system on such date, or if on any such date the
Warrant Securities are not listed or admitted to trading on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in the OTC Bulletin
Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, an amount equal to the same fraction of
the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that
purpose at the close of business on the business day that next precedes the day of exercise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Whenever
the Warrant Price then in effect is adjusted as herein provided, the Company shall mail to each holder of the Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s
address as it shall appear on the books of the Company a statement setting forth the adjusted Warrant Price then and thereafter effective
under the provisions hereof, together with the facts, in reasonable detail, upon which such adjustment is based.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein, in no event shall the Warrant Price, as adjusted in accordance with the terms hereof, be less than the
par value per share of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notice
to Warrantholders. </B>In case the Company shall (a)&nbsp;effect any dividend or distribution described in Section&nbsp;3.4(b), (b)&nbsp;effect
any Reorganization Event, (c)&nbsp;make any distribution on or in respect of the [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise
of Warrants] in connection with the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, or (d)&nbsp;reduce the then current Warrant
Price pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d), then the Company shall mail to each holder of Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s address as it shall
appear on the books of the Warrant Agent, at least ten days prior to the applicable date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x)&nbsp;the
record date for such dividend or distribution, or, if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of record of [title
of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] that will be entitled to such dividend or distribution are to be determined,
(y)&nbsp;the date on which such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected to become effective, and the
date as of which it is expected that holders of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] of record shall be
entitled to exchange their shares of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] for securities or other property
deliverable upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up, or (z)&nbsp;the first date on which the then current
Warrant Price shall be reduced pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(d). No failure to mail such notice nor any defect therein or in the mailing
thereof shall affect any such transaction or any adjustment in the Warrant Price required by Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>[If
the Warrants are Subject to Acceleration by the Company,&nbsp;Insert &mdash; Acceleration of Warrants by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;<B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>At
any time on or after [&#9679;], the Company shall have the right to accelerate any or all Warrants at any time by causing them to expire
at the close of business on the day next preceding a specified date (the &ldquo;<B><I>Acceleration Date</I></B>&rdquo;), if the Market
Price (as hereinafter defined) of the [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] equals or exceeds [&#9679;]
percent ([&#9679;]%) of the then effective Warrant Price on any twenty Trading Days (as hereinafter defined) within a period of thirty
consecutive Trading Days ending no more than five Trading Days prior to the date on which the Company gives notice to the Warrant Agent
of its election to accelerate the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;<B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;(b)&nbsp;</B>&ldquo;<B><I>Market
Price</I></B>&rdquo; for each Trading Day shall be, if the [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants] is listed
or admitted to trading on any registered national securities exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way (or, if no such price
is reported, the average of the reported closing bid and asked prices, regular way) of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise
of Warrants], in either case as reported on the principal registered national securities exchange on which the [title of Preferred Stock
purchasable through exercise of Warrants] is listed or admitted to trading or, if not listed or admitted to trading on any registered
national securities exchange, the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board operated
by FINRA, or if not available on the OTC Bulletin Board, then the average of the closing high bid and low asked prices as reported on
any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, or if on any such date the shares of [title of Preferred Stock purchasable
through exercise of Warrants] are not listed or admitted to trading on a registered national securities exchange, are not included in
the OTC Bulletin Board, and are not quoted on any other U.S. quotation medium or inter-dealer quotation system, the average of the closing
bid and asked prices as furnished by any FINRA member firm selected from time to time by the Company for that purpose. &ldquo;Trading
Day&rdquo; shall be each Monday through Friday, other than any day on which securities are not traded in the system or on the exchange
that is the principal market for the [title of Preferred Stock purchasable through exercise of Warrants], as determined by the Board of
Directors of the Company. In the event of an acceleration of less than all of the Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall select the Warrants
to be accelerated by lot, pro rata or in such other manner as it deems, in its discretion, to be fair and appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Notice
of an acceleration specifying the Acceleration Date shall be sent by mail first class, postage prepaid, to each registered holder of a
Warrant Certificate representing a Warrant accelerated at such holder&rsquo;s address appearing on the books of the Warrant Agent not
more than sixty days nor less than thirty days before the Acceleration Date. Such notice of an acceleration also shall be given no more
than twenty days, and no less than ten days, prior to the mailing of notice to registered holders of Warrants pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.6,
by publication at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
Warrant accelerated may be exercised until [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on the business day next preceding the Acceleration Date. The
Warrant Price shall be payable as provided in Section&nbsp;2.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>EXCHANGE
AND TRANSFER OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Exchange
and Transfer of Warrant Certificates. Upon surrender at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent, Warrant Certificates evidencing
Warrants may be exchanged for Warrant Certificates in other denominations evidencing such Warrants or the transfer thereof may be registered
in whole or in part; provided that such other Warrant Certificates evidence Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities
as the Warrant Certificates so surrendered. The Warrant Agent shall keep, at its corporate trust office, books in which, subject to such
reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it shall register Warrant Certificates and exchanges and transfers of outstanding Warrant
Certificates, upon surrender of the Warrant Certificates to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office for exchange or registration
of transfer, properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of registration of transfer and written instructions for transfer,
all in form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Warrant Certificates, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in connection with any such exchange or registration of transfer. Whenever any Warrant Certificates are so
surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver
to the person or persons entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates duly authorized and executed by the Company, as
so requested. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any exchange or registration of transfer which will result in the issuance
of a Warrant Certificate evidencing a Warrant for a fraction of a Warrant Security or a number of Warrants for a whole number of Warrant
Securities and a fraction of a Warrant Security. All Warrant Certificates issued upon any exchange or registration of transfer of Warrant
Certificates shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same obligations and entitled to the same benefits under this
Agreement as the Warrant Certificate surrendered for such exchange or registration of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Treatment
of Holders of Warrant Certificates. </B>The Company, the Warrant Agent and all other persons may treat the registered holder of a Warrant
Certificate as the absolute owner thereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights represented by the Warrants
evidenced thereby, any notice to the contrary notwithstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Cancellation
of Warrant Certificates. </B>Any Warrant Certificate surrendered for exchange, registration of transfer or exercise of the Warrants evidenced
thereby shall, if surrendered to the Company, be delivered to the Warrant Agent and all Warrant Certificates surrendered or so delivered
to the Warrant Agent shall be promptly canceled by the Warrant Agent and shall not be reissued and, except as expressly permitted by this
Agreement, no Warrant Certificate shall be issued hereunder in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof. The Warrant Agent shall deliver to
the Company from time to time or otherwise dispose of canceled Warrant Certificates in a manner satisfactory to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE WARRANT AGENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Warrant
Agent. </B>The Company hereby appoints [&#9679;] as Warrant Agent of the Company in respect of the Warrants and the Warrant Certificates
upon the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and [&#9679;] hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant Agent shall
have the powers and authority granted to and conferred upon it in the Warrant Certificates and hereby and such further powers and authority
to act on behalf of the Company as the Company may hereafter grant to or confer upon it. All of the terms and provisions with respect
to such powers and authority contained in the Warrant Certificates are subject to and governed by the terms and provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Conditions
of Warrant Agent&rsquo;s Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations herein set forth upon the terms and conditions hereof,
including the following to all of which the Company agrees and to all of which the rights hereunder of the holders from time to time of
the Warrant Certificates shall be subject:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Compensation
and Indemnification. </B>The Company agrees promptly to pay the Warrant Agent the compensation to be agreed upon with the Company for
all services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable
counsel fees) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct by the Warrant Agent in connection with the services rendered
hereunder by the Warrant Agent. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent, arising out of or
in connection with its acting as Warrant Agent hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim of
such liability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Agent
for the Company. </B>In acting under this Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting solely
as agent of the Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the holders of Warrant
Certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Counsel.
</B>The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and the written advice of
such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Documents.
</B>The Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in reliance
upon any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed
by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Certain
Transactions. </B>The Warrant Agent, and its officers, directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest in, Warrants,
with the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder, and, to the extent permitted by applicable
law, it or they may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as depositary, trustee
or agent for, any committee or body of holders of Warrant Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely as if it were not the
Warrant Agent hereunder. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee under any indenture
to which the Company is a party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Liability for Interest. </B>Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent shall have no liability for interest on any monies
at any time received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Liability for Invalidity. </B>The Warrant Agent shall have no liability with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or any of the
Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Responsibility for Representations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any of the recitals or representations herein or
in the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon), all of which are made solely by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Implied Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such duties as are herein and in the Warrant Certificates
specifically set forth and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates against the
Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense
or liability, the payment of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent shall
not be accountable or under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates authenticated by
the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds
of the Warrant Certificates. The Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the performance
of its covenants or agreements contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from
a holder of a Warrant Certificate with respect to such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty
or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or, except as provided in Section&nbsp;6.2 hereof,
to make any demand upon the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Resignation,
Removal and Appointment of Successors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company agrees, for the benefit of the holders from time to time of the Warrant Certificates, that there shall at all times be a Warrant
Agent hereunder until all the Warrants have been exercised or are no longer exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Warrant Agent may at any time resign as agent by giving written notice to the Company of such intention on its part, specifying the date
on which its desired resignation shall become effective; provided that such date shall not be less than three months after the date on
which such notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees. The Warrant Agent hereunder may be removed at any time by the filing with
it of an instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying such removal and the intended date when it shall become
effective. Such resignation or removal shall take effect upon the appointment by the Company, as hereinafter provided, of a successor
Warrant Agent (which shall be a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to exercise corporate
trust powers) and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Warrant Agent. The obligation of the Company under Section&nbsp;5.2(a)&nbsp;shall
continue to the extent set forth therein notwithstanding the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>In
case at any time the Warrant Agent shall resign, or shall be removed, or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt
or insolvent, or shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or under any other
applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver,
custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or
shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become
due, or shall take corporate action in furtherance of any such action, or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction
in the premises shall have been entered in respect of the Warrant Agent in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now
or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by a court
having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
sequestrator (or similar official) of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge or control
of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation, a successor
Warrant Agent, qualified as aforesaid, shall be appointed by the Company by an instrument in writing, filed with the successor Warrant
Agent. Upon the appointment as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment,
the Warrant Agent shall cease to be Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 268.5pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
successor Warrant Agent appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the Company an instrument
accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Warrant Agent, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become
vested with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations of such predecessor with like effect as if originally
named as Warrant Agent hereunder, and such predecessor, upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon become
obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and such successor Warrant Agent shall be entitled to receive, all monies, securities and
other property on deposit with or held by such predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
corporation into which the Warrant Agent hereunder may be merged or converted or any corporation with which the Warrant Agent may be consolidated,
or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party, or any corporation
to which the Warrant Agent shall sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all the assets and business of the Warrant Agent, provided
that it shall be qualified as aforesaid, shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of
any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Amendment.
</B>This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto, without the consent of the holder of any Warrant Certificate, for the purpose
of curing any ambiguity, or of curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein, or making any other provisions
with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem necessary or desirable;
provided that such action shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notices
and Demands to the Company and Warrant Agent. </B>If the Warrant Agent shall receive any notice or demand addressed to the Company by
the holder of a Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent shall promptly forward such
notice or demand to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Addresses.
</B>Any communication from the Company to the Warrant Agent with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to [&#9679;], Attention:
[&#9679;] and any communication from the Warrant Agent to the Company with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd. Suite&nbsp;525, Sugar Land, TX 77478, Attention: [&#9679;] (or such other address as shall be specified in writing
by the Warrant Agent or by the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Governing
Law. </B>This Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Delivery
of Prospectus. </B>The Company shall furnish to the Warrant Agent sufficient copies of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the Warrant Securities deliverable upon exercise of the Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;),
and the Warrant Agent agrees that upon the exercise of any Warrant, the Warrant Agent will deliver to the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of the Warrant Securities issued upon such exercise, a Prospectus.
The Warrant Agent shall not, by reason of any such delivery, assume any responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of such Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Obtaining
of Governmental Approvals. </B>The Company will from time to time take all action which may be necessary to obtain and keep effective
any and all permits, consents and approvals of governmental agencies and authorities and securities act filings under United States Federal
and state laws (including without limitation a registration statement in respect of the Warrants and Warrant Securities under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended), which may be or become requisite in connection with the issuance, sale, transfer, and delivery of the Warrant
Securities issued upon exercise of the Warrants, the issuance, sale, transfer and delivery of the Warrants or upon the expiration of the
period during which the Warrants are exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Persons
Having Rights Under the Agreement. </B>Nothing in this Agreement shall give to any person other than the Company, the Warrant Agent and
the holders of the Warrant Certificates any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Headings.
</B>The descriptive headings of the several Articles and Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control
or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Counterparts.
</B>This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which as so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but
such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Inspection
of Agreement. </B>A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the principal corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for inspection by the holder of any Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent may require such holder to submit such holder&rsquo;s
Warrant Certificate for inspection by it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof,</B></FONT> the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">TVARDI THERAPEUTICS,&nbsp;INC.,
    <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">as Company</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attest:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">COUNTERSIGNED</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>],
    <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">as Warrant Agent</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attest:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">[SIGNATURE PAGE TO TVARDI THERAPEUTICS, INC. PREFERRED STOCK WARRANT AGREEMENT]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<B><I>Form&nbsp;of Legend if Warrants are not immediately exercisable.</I></B>]</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[Prior to [&#9679;], Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate cannot be exercised.]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 44%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EXERCISABLE ONLY IF COUNTERSIGNED BY THE WARRANT
AGENT AS PROVIDED HEREIN</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">VOID AFTER [&#9679;] P.M., [City] time, ON [&#9679;].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TVARDI THERAPEUTICS,&nbsp;INC.<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING<BR>
WARRANTS TO PURCHASE<BR>
[TITLE OF WARRANT SECURITIES]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: left">No.&nbsp;[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 47%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] Warrants</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This certifies that [&#9679;] or registered assigns
is the registered owner of the above indicated number of Warrants, each Warrant entitling such owner to purchase, at any time [after [&#9679;]
p.m., [City] time, [on [&#9679;] and] on or before [&#9679;] p.m., [City] time, on [&#9679;], [&#9679;]&nbsp;shares of [TITLE OF WARRANT
SECURITIES], par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;)
on the following basis: during the period from [&#9679;], through and including [&#9679;], the exercise price per Warrant Security will
be $[&#9679;], subject to adjustment as provided in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined) (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price</I></B>&rdquo;).
The Holder may exercise the Warrants evidenced hereby by providing certain information set forth on the back hereof and by paying in full,
in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds]
[by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], the Warrant Price for each Warrant Security with respect to which this Warrant
is exercised to the Warrant Agent (as hereinafter defined) and by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the purchase form on the
back hereof duly executed, at the corporate trust office of [name of Warrant Agent], or its successor as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Agent</I></B>&rdquo;), which is, on the date hereof, at the address specified on the reverse hereof, and upon compliance with and subject
to the conditions set forth herein and in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term &ldquo;<B><I>Holder</I></B>&rdquo; as
used herein shall mean the person in whose name at the time this Warrant Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained
by the Warrant Agent for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;4 of the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate
may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Securities in registered form. Upon any exercise of fewer than all of the Warrants
evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there shall be issued to the Holder hereof a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the
number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate is issued under and in
accordance with the Warrant Agreement dated as of [&#9679;] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and
the Warrant Agent and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all of which terms and provisions
the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance hereof. Copies of the Warrant Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned
office of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Transfer of this Warrant Certificate may be registered
when this Warrant Certificate is surrendered at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent by the registered owner or such owner&rsquo;s
assigns, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After countersignature by the Warrant Agent and
prior to the expiration of this Warrant Certificate, this Warrant Certificate may be exchanged at the corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for Warrant Certificates representing Warrants for the same aggregate number of Warrant Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not entitle the
Holder hereof to any of the rights of a holder of the Warrant Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive payments
of dividends or distributions, if any, on the Warrant Securities (except to the extent set forth in the Warrant Agreement) or to exercise
any voting rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Reference is hereby made to the further provisions
of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if
set forth at this place.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or
obligatory for any purpose until countersigned by the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In Witness
Whereof</B></FONT>, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed in its name and on its behalf by the facsimile signatures of its
duly authorized officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 9%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 83%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>TVARDI THERAPEUTICS, INC.</B>, as Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>COUNTERSIGNED</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]</B>, as Warrant Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[REVERSE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(Instructions for Exercise of Warrant)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To exercise any Warrants evidenced
hereby for Warrant Securities (as hereinafter defined), the Holder must pay, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash
or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
the Warrant Price in full for Warrants exercised, to [&#9679;] [address of Warrant Agent], Attention: [&#9679;], which payment must specify
the name of the Holder and the number of Warrants exercised by such Holder. In addition, the Holder must complete the information required
below and present this Warrant Certificate in person or by mail (certified or registered mail is recommended) to the Warrant Agent at
the appropriate address set forth above. This Warrant Certificate, completed and duly executed, must be received by the Warrant Agent
within five business days of the payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(To be executed upon exercise of Warrants)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned hereby irrevocably
elects to exercise ______ Warrants, evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, to purchase _______ shares of the [TITLE OF WARRANT SECURITIES],
par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. and represents that
the undersigned has tendered payment for such Warrant Securities, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified
check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds], to the order of
Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc., c/o [insert name and address of Warrant Agent], in the amount of $_________ in accordance with the terms
hereof. The undersigned requests that said Warrant Securities be in fully registered form in the authorized denominations, registered
in such names and delivered all as specified in accordance with the instructions set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the number of Warrants
exercised is less than all of the Warrants evidenced hereby, the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants
for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised be issued and delivered to the undersigned unless otherwise specified in the
instructions below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 9%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 27%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Please Print</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 15%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in"><FONT>Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 21%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">(Insert Social Security or Other Identifying Number of Holder)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Signature Guaranteed:</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">Signature</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified
on the face of this Warrant Certificate and must bear a signature guarantee by a FINRA member firm).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant may be exercised at the following
addresses: By hand at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[&#9679;]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By mail at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[Instructions as to form and delivery of Warrant
Securities and, if applicable, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Securities remaining unexercised&mdash;complete
as appropriate.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[Form&nbsp;of assignment to be executed if Warrant
Holder desires to transfer Warrant]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>For
Value Received</B></FONT><B>,</B> ______________ hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">(Please print name and address including zip code)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Please print Social Security or other identifying number</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">the right represented by the within Warrant to
purchase __________ shares of [Title of Warrant Securities] of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. to which the within Warrant relates and
appoints ____________________ attorney to transfer such right on the books of the Warrant Agent with full power of substitution in the
premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 26%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 5%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 54%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Signature</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(Signature must conform in
all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature Guaranteed</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.6
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm2613101d2_ex4-6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.6
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;4.6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>and</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>_____________,
As Warrant Agent</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Debt Securities<BR>
Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Dated
As Of __________</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Tvardi
Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. Form&nbsp;of Debt Securities Warrant Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>This
Debt Securities Warrant Agreement</B></FONT> (this &ldquo;<B><I>Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), dated as of [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], between Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), and [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], a [corporation] [national banking association] organized
and existing under the laws of [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] and having a corporate trust office in [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant
Agent</I></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>WHEREAS</B>, the Company
has entered into an indenture dated as of [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;), with [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], as trustee (such trustee,
and any successors to such trustee, herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;), providing for the issuance from time to time
of its debt securities, to be issued in one or more series as provided in the Indenture (the &ldquo;<B><I>Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,</B></FONT>
the Company proposes to sell [<B><I>If Warrants are sold with other securities </I></B><I>&mdash;</I>[title of such other securities being
offered] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Other Securities</I></B>&rdquo;) with] warrant certificates evidencing one or more warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;
or, individually, a &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant</I></B>&rdquo;) representing the right to purchase [title of Debt Securities purchasable through
exercise of Warrants] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), such warrant certificates and other warrant certificates
issued pursuant to this Agreement being herein called the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Certificates</I></B>&rdquo;; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Whereas,
</B></FONT>the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in connection
with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, exercise and replacement of the Warrant Certificates, and in this Agreement wishes
to set forth, among other things, the form and provisions of the Warrant Certificates and the terms and conditions on which they may be
issued, registered, transferred, exchanged, exercised and replaced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Now
Therefore,</B></FONT> in consideration of the premises and of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>ISSUANCE
OF WARRANTS AND EXECUTION AND<BR>
DELIVERY OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Issuance
of Warrants. </B>[<B><I>If Warrants alone</I></B> &mdash; Upon issuance, each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.]
[<B><I>If Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash; Warrant Certificates will be issued in connection with the issuance of the Other
Securities but shall be separately transferable and each Warrant Certificate shall evidence one or more Warrants.] Each Warrant evidenced
thereby shall represent the right, subject to the provisions contained herein and therein, to purchase one Warrant Debt Security. [<B><I>If
Other Securities and Warrants</I></B> &mdash; Warrant Certificates will be issued with the Other Securities and each Warrant Certificate
will evidence [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] Warrants for each [$[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] principal amount] [[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] shares] of Other Securities issued.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Execution
and Delivery of Warrant Certificates. </B>Each Warrant Certificate, whenever issued, shall be in registered form substantially in the
form set forth in <B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B> hereto, shall be dated the date of its countersignature by the Warrant Agent and may have such
letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon
as the officers of the Company executing the same may approve (execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are
not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation
made pursuant thereto or with any rule&nbsp;or regulation of any securities exchange on which the Warrants may be listed, or to conform
to usage. The Warrant Certificates shall be signed on behalf of the Company by any of its present or future chief executive officers,
presidents, senior vice presidents, vice presidents, chief financial officers, chief legal officers, treasurers, assistant treasurers,
controllers, assistant controllers, secretaries or assistant secretaries under its corporate seal reproduced thereon. Such signatures
may be manual or facsimile signatures of such authorized officers and may be imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.
The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on
the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No Warrant Certificate shall
be valid for any purpose, and no Warrant evidenced thereby shall be exercisable, until such Warrant Certificate has been countersigned
by the manual signature of the Warrant Agent. Such signature by the Warrant Agent upon any Warrant Certificate executed by the Company
shall be conclusive evidence that the Warrant Certificate so countersigned has been duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In case any officer of the
Company who shall have signed any of the Warrant Certificates either manually or by facsimile signature shall cease to be such officer
before the Warrant Certificates so signed shall have been countersigned and delivered by the Warrant Agent, such Warrant Certificates
may be countersigned and delivered notwithstanding that the person who signed such Warrant Certificates ceased to be such officer of the
Company; and any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the actual date of the execution of
such Warrant Certificate, shall be the proper officers of the Company, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such
person was not such officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The term &ldquo;<B><I>holder</I></B>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<B><I>holder of a Warrant Certificate</I></B>&rdquo; as used herein shall mean any person in whose name at the time any Warrant
Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Issuance
of Warrant Certificates. </B>Warrant Certificates evidencing the right to purchase Warrant Debt Securities may be executed by the Company
and delivered to the Warrant Agent upon the execution of this Agreement or from time to time thereafter. The Warrant Agent shall, upon
receipt of Warrant Certificates duly executed on behalf of the Company, countersign such Warrant Certificates and shall deliver such Warrant
Certificates to or upon the order of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>WARRANT
PRICE, DURATION AND EXERCISE OF WARRANTS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Warrant
Price. </B>During the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, each Warrant shall, subject to the terms of this Agreement and the applicable
Warrant Certificate, entitle the holder thereof to purchase the principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities specified in the applicable
Warrant Certificate at an exercise price of [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]% of the principal amount thereof [plus accrued amortization, if any, of the original
issue discount of the Warrant Debt Securities] [plus accrued interest, if any, from the most recent date from which interest shall have
been paid on the Warrant Debt Securities or, if no interest shall have been paid on the Warrant Debt Securities, from the date of their
initial issuance.] [The original issue discount ($[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] for each $1,000 principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities) will be amortized
at a [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]% annual rate, computed on a[n] [semi-] annual basis [using a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months].] Such purchase
price for the Warrant Debt Securities is referred to in this Agreement as the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Duration
of Warrants. </B>Each Warrant may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as specified herein, on or after [the date thereof] [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]
and at or before [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] p.m., [City] time, on [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] or such later date as the Company may designate by notice to the Warrant Agent
and the holders of Warrant Certificates mailed to their addresses as set forth in the record books of the Warrant Agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Expiration
Date</I></B>&rdquo;). Each Warrant not exercised at or before [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] p.m., [City] time, on the Expiration Date shall become void, and
all rights of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant under this Agreement shall cease.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Exercise
of Warrants.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>During
the period specified in Section&nbsp;2.2, the Warrants may be exercised to purchase a whole number of Warrant Debt Securities in registered
form by providing certain information as set forth on the reverse side of the Warrant Certificate and by paying in full, in lawful money
of the United States of America, [in cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire
transfer in immediately available funds] the Warrant Price for each Warrant Debt Security with respect to which a Warrant is being exercised
to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office, provided that such exercise is subject to receipt within five business days of such
payment by the Warrant Agent of the Warrant Certificate with the form of election to purchase Warrant Debt Securities set forth on the
reverse side of the Warrant Certificate properly completed and duly executed. The date on which payment in full of the Warrant Price is
received by the Warrant Agent shall, subject to receipt of the Warrant Certificate as aforesaid, be deemed to be the date on which the
Warrant is exercised; provided, however, that if, at the date of receipt of such Warrant Certificates and payment in full of the Warrant
Price, the transfer books for the Warrant Debt Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be closed, no such receipt
of such Warrant Certificates and no such payment of such Warrant Price shall be effective to constitute the person so designated to be
named as the holder of record of such Warrant Debt Securities on such date, but shall be effective to constitute such person as the holder
of record of such Warrant Debt Securities for all purposes at the opening of business on the next succeeding day on which the transfer
books for the Warrant Debt Securities purchasable upon the exercise of such Warrants shall be opened, and the certificates for the Warrant
Debt Securities in respect of which such Warrants are then exercised shall be issuable as of the date on such next succeeding day on which
the transfer books shall next be opened, and until such date the Company shall be under no duty to deliver any certificate for such Warrant
Debt Securities. The Warrant Agent shall deposit all funds received by it in payment of the Warrant Price in an account of the Company
maintained with it and shall advise the Company by telephone at the end of each day on which a payment for the exercise of Warrants is
received of the amount so deposited to its account. The Warrant Agent shall promptly confirm such telephone advice to the Company in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Warrant Agent shall, from time to time, as promptly as practicable, advise the Company of (i)&nbsp;the number of Warrant Debt Securities
with respect to which Warrants were exercised, (ii)&nbsp;the instructions of each holder of the Warrant Certificates evidencing such Warrants
with respect to delivery of the Warrant Debt Securities to which such holder is entitled upon such exercise, (iii)&nbsp;delivery of Warrant
Certificates evidencing the balance, if any, of the Warrants for the remaining Warrant Debt Securities after such exercise, and (iv)&nbsp;such
other information as the Company or the Trustee shall reasonably require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>As
soon as practicable after the exercise of any Warrant, the Company shall issue pursuant to the Indenture, in authorized denominations,
to or upon the order of the holder of the Warrant Certificate evidencing such Warrant the Warrant Debt Securities to which such holder
is entitled, in fully registered form, registered in such name or names as may be directed by such holder. If fewer than all of the Warrants
evidenced by such Warrant Certificate are exercised, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually
countersign and deliver, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company shall not be required to pay any stamp or other tax or other governmental charge required to be paid in connection with any transfer
involved in the issue of the Warrant Debt Securities, and in the event that any such transfer is involved, the Company shall not be required
to issue or deliver any Warrant Debt Securities until such tax or other charge shall have been paid or it has been established to the
Company&rsquo;s satisfaction that no such tax or other charge is due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Prior
to the issuance of any Warrants there shall have been reserved, and the Company shall at all times through the Expiration Date keep reserved,
out of its authorized but unissued Warrant Debt Securities, a number of shares sufficient to provide for the exercise of the Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;3</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>OTHER
PROVISIONS RELATING TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Rights as Holder of Warrant Debt Securities Conferred by Warrants or Warrant Certificates. </B>No Warrant Certificate or Warrant evidenced
thereby shall entitle the holder thereof to any of the rights of a holder of Warrant Debt Securities, including, without limitation, the
right to receive the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Warrant Debt Securities or to enforce any
of the covenants in the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Lost,
Stolen, Mutilated or Destroyed Warrant Certificates. </B>Upon receipt by the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it and
the Company of the ownership of and the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and/or indemnity reasonably
satisfactory to the Warrant Agent and the Company and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender of the mutilated Warrant Certificate
to the Warrant Agent for cancellation, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Warrant Agent that such Warrant Certificate
has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute, and an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign
and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of the lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Warrant Certificate, a new Warrant Certificate of
the same tenor and evidencing Warrants for a like principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities. Upon the issuance of any new Warrant Certificate
under this Section&nbsp;3.2, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that
may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Warrant Agent) in connection therewith.
Every substitute Warrant Certificate executed and delivered pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.2 in lieu of any lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall represent an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed
Warrant Certificate shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement equally and proportionately
with any and all other Warrant Certificates duly executed and delivered hereunder. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.2 are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen or
destroyed Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Holder
of Warrant Certificate May&nbsp;Enforce Rights.</B> Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement, any holder of a Warrant Certificate,
without the consent of the Warrant Agent, , the Trustee, the holder of any Warrant Debt Securities or the holder of any other Warrant
Certificate, may, in such holder&rsquo;s own behalf and for such holder&rsquo;s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any
suit, action or proceeding against the Company suitable to enforce, or otherwise in respect of, such holder&rsquo;s right to exercise
the Warrants evidenced by such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificate in the manner provided in such holder&rsquo;s Warrant Certificates and
in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Merger,
Sale, Conveyance or Lease.</B> In case of (a)&nbsp;any share exchange, merger or similar transaction of the Company with or into another
person or entity (other than a share exchange, merger or similar transaction in which the Company is the acquiring or surviving corporation)
or (b)&nbsp;the sale, exchange, lease, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company
as an entirety (in any such case, a &ldquo;<B><I>Reorganization Event</I></B>&rdquo;), then, as a condition of such Reorganization Event,
lawful provisions shall be made, and duly executed documents evidencing the same from the Company&rsquo;s successor shall be delivered
to the holders of the Warrants, so that such successor shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company, and assume all the Company&rsquo;s
obligations under, this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company shall thereupon be relieved of any further obligation hereunder or under
the Warrants, and the Company as the predecessor corporation may thereupon or at any time thereafter be dissolved, wound up or liquidated.
Such successor or assuming entity thereupon may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company,
any or all of the Warrants issuable hereunder which heretofore shall not have been signed by the Company, and may execute and deliver
securities in its own name, in fulfillment of its obligations to deliver Warrant Debt Securities upon exercise of the Warrants. All the
Warrants so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Agreement as the Warrants theretofore or thereafter
issued in accordance with the terms of this Agreement as though all of such Warrants had been issued at the date of the execution hereof.
In any case of any such Reorganization Event, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Warrants
thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. The Warrant Agent may receive a written opinion of legal counsel as conclusive evidence
that any such Reorganization Event complies with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notice
to Warrantholders. </B>In case the Company shall (a)&nbsp;effect any Reorganization Event or (b)&nbsp;make any distribution on or in respect
of the [title of Warrant Debt Securities] in connection with the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, then the Company
shall mail to each holder of Warrants at such holder&rsquo;s address as it shall appear on the books of the Warrant Agent, at least ten
days prior to the applicable date hereinafter specified, a notice stating the date on which such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation
or winding up is expected to become effective, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of [title of Warrant Debt Securities]
of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of [title of Warrant Debt Securities] for securities or other property deliverable
upon such Reorganization Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. No failure to mail such notice nor any defect therein or in the
mailing thereof shall affect any such transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;4</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>EXCHANGE
AND TRANSFER OF WARRANT CERTIFICATES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Exchange
and Transfer of Warrant Certificates. Upon surrender at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent, Warrant Certificates evidencing
Warrants may be exchanged for Warrant Certificates in other denominations evidencing such Warrants or the transfer thereof may be registered
in whole or in part; provided that such other Warrant Certificates evidence Warrants for the same aggregate principal amount of Warrant
Debt Securities as the Warrant Certificates so surrendered. The Warrant Agent shall keep, at its corporate trust office, books in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it shall register Warrant Certificates and exchanges and transfers of outstanding
Warrant Certificates, upon surrender of the Warrant Certificates to the Warrant Agent at its corporate trust office for exchange or registration
of transfer, properly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate instruments of registration of transfer and written instructions for transfer,
all in form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer
of Warrant Certificates, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp or other tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in connection with any such exchange or registration of transfer. Whenever any Warrant Certificates are so
surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, an authorized officer of the Warrant Agent shall manually countersign and deliver
to the person or persons entitled thereto a Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates duly authorized and executed by the Company, as
so requested. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any exchange or registration of transfer which will result in the issuance
of a Warrant Certificate evidencing a Warrant for a fraction of a Warrant Debt Security or a number of Warrants for a whole number of
Warrant Debt Securities and a fraction of a Warrant Debt Security. All Warrant Certificates issued upon any exchange or registration of
transfer of Warrant Certificates shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same obligations and entitled to the same
benefits under this Agreement as the Warrant Certificate surrendered for such exchange or registration of transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Treatment
of Holders of Warrant Certificates. </B>The Company, the Warrant Agent and all other persons may treat the registered holder of a Warrant
Certificate as the absolute owner thereof for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights represented by the Warrants
evidenced thereby, any notice to the contrary notwithstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Cancellation
of Warrant Certificates. </B>Any Warrant Certificate surrendered for exchange, registration of transfer or exercise of the Warrants evidenced
thereby shall, if surrendered to the Company, be delivered to the Warrant Agent and all Warrant Certificates surrendered or so delivered
to the Warrant Agent shall be promptly canceled by the Warrant Agent and shall not be reissued and, except as expressly permitted by this
Agreement, no Warrant Certificate shall be issued hereunder in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof. The Warrant Agent shall deliver to
the Company from time to time or otherwise dispose of canceled Warrant Certificates in a manner satisfactory to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;5</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONCERNING
THE WARRANT AGENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Warrant
Agent. </B>The Company hereby appoints [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] as Warrant Agent of the Company in respect of the Warrants and the Warrant Certificates
upon the terms and subject to the conditions herein set forth, and [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] hereby accepts such appointment. The Warrant Agent shall
have the powers and authority granted to and conferred upon it in the Warrant Certificates and hereby and such further powers and authority
to act on behalf of the Company as the Company may hereafter grant to or confer upon it. All of the terms and provisions with respect
to such powers and authority contained in the Warrant Certificates are subject to and governed by the terms and provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Conditions
of Warrant Agent&rsquo;s Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent accepts its obligations herein set forth upon the terms and conditions hereof,
including the following to all of which the Company agrees and to all of which the rights hereunder of the holders from time to time of
the Warrant Certificates shall be subject:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Compensation
and Indemnification. </B>The Company agrees promptly to pay the Warrant Agent the compensation to be agreed upon with the Company for
all services rendered by the Warrant Agent and to reimburse the Warrant Agent for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable
counsel fees) incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct by the Warrant Agent in connection with the services rendered
hereunder by the Warrant Agent. The Company also agrees to indemnify the Warrant Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Warrant Agent, arising out of or
in connection with its acting as Warrant Agent hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending against any claim of
such liability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Agent
for the Company. </B>In acting under this Agreement and in connection with the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent is acting solely
as agent of the Company and does not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust for or with any of the holders of Warrant
Certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Counsel.
</B>The Warrant Agent may consult with counsel satisfactory to it, which may include counsel for the Company, and the written advice of
such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in accordance with the advice of such counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Documents.
</B>The Warrant Agent shall be protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken or omitted by it in reliance
upon any Warrant Certificate, notice, direction, consent, certificate, affidavit, statement or other paper or document reasonably believed
by it to be genuine and to have been presented or signed by the proper parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Certain
Transactions. </B>The Warrant Agent, and its officers, directors and employees, may become the owner of, or acquire any interest in, Warrants,
with the same rights that it or they would have if it were not the Warrant Agent hereunder, and, to the extent permitted by applicable
law, it or they may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Company and may act on, or as depositary, trustee
or agent for, any committee or body of holders of Warrant Debt Securities or other obligations of the Company as freely as if it were
not the Warrant Agent hereunder. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to prevent the Warrant Agent from acting as trustee under any
indenture to which the Company is a party, including, without limitation, as Trustee under the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Liability for Interest. </B>Unless otherwise agreed with the Company, the Warrant Agent shall have no liability for interest on any monies
at any time received by it pursuant to any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Liability for Invalidity. </B>The Warrant Agent shall have no liability with respect to any invalidity of this Agreement or any of the
Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Responsibility for Representations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any of the recitals or representations herein or
in the Warrant Certificates (except as to the Warrant Agent&rsquo;s countersignature thereon), all of which are made solely by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;No
Implied Obligations. </B>The Warrant Agent shall be obligated to perform only such duties as are herein and in the Warrant Certificates
specifically set forth and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or the Warrant Certificates against the
Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent shall not be under any obligation to take any action hereunder which may tend to involve it in any expense
or liability, the payment of which within a reasonable time is not, in its reasonable opinion, assured to it. The Warrant Agent shall
not be accountable or under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any of the Warrant Certificates authenticated by
the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds
of the Warrant Certificates. The Warrant Agent shall have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by the Company in the performance
of its covenants or agreements contained herein or in the Warrant Certificates or in the case of the receipt of any written demand from
a holder of a Warrant Certificate with respect to such default, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty
or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or, except as provided in Section&nbsp;6.2 hereof,
to make any demand upon the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Resignation,
Removal and Appointment of Successors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Company agrees, for the benefit of the holders from time to time of the Warrant Certificates, that there shall at all times be a Warrant
Agent hereunder until all the Warrants have been exercised or are no longer exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>The
Warrant Agent may at any time resign as agent by giving written notice to the Company of such intention on its part, specifying the date
on which its desired resignation shall become effective; provided that such date shall not be less than three months after the date on
which such notice is given unless the Company otherwise agrees. The Warrant Agent hereunder may be removed at any time by the filing with
it of an instrument in writing signed by or on behalf of the Company and specifying such removal and the intended date when it shall become
effective. Such resignation or removal shall take effect upon the appointment by the Company, as hereinafter provided, of a successor
Warrant Agent (which shall be a bank or trust company authorized under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization to exercise corporate
trust powers) and the acceptance of such appointment by such successor Warrant Agent. The obligation of the Company under Section&nbsp;5.2(a)&nbsp;shall
continue to the extent set forth therein notwithstanding the resignation or removal of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>In
case at any time the Warrant Agent shall resign, or shall be removed, or shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt
or insolvent, or shall commence a voluntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now or hereafter constituted, or under any other
applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or shall consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver,
custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Warrant Agent or its property or affairs, or
shall make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall admit in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become
due, or shall take corporate action in furtherance of any such action, or a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction
in the premises shall have been entered in respect of the Warrant Agent in an involuntary case under the Federal bankruptcy laws, as now
or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, or a decree or order by a court
having jurisdiction in the premises shall have been entered for the appointment of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
sequestrator (or similar official) of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs, or any public officer shall take charge or control
of the Warrant Agent or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation, winding up or liquidation, a successor
Warrant Agent, qualified as aforesaid, shall be appointed by the Company by an instrument in writing, filed with the successor Warrant
Agent. Upon the appointment as aforesaid of a successor Warrant Agent and acceptance by the successor Warrant Agent of such appointment,
the Warrant Agent shall cease to be Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
successor Warrant Agent appointed hereunder shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to its predecessor and to the Company an instrument
accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon such successor Warrant Agent, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become
vested with all the authority, rights, powers, trusts, immunities, duties and obligations of such predecessor with like effect as if originally
named as Warrant Agent hereunder, and such predecessor, upon payment of its charges and disbursements then unpaid, shall thereupon become
obligated to transfer, deliver and pay over, and such successor Warrant Agent shall be entitled to receive, all monies, securities and
other property on deposit with or held by such predecessor, as Warrant Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B>Any
corporation into which the Warrant Agent hereunder may be merged or converted or any corporation with which the Warrant Agent may be consolidated,
or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party, or any corporation
to which the Warrant Agent shall sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially all the assets and business of the Warrant Agent, provided
that it shall be qualified as aforesaid, shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of
any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;6</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Amendment.
</B>This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto, without the consent of the holder of any Warrant Certificate, for the purpose
of curing any ambiguity, or of curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein, or making any other provisions
with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem necessary or desirable;
provided that such action shall not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Warrant Certificates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notices
and Demands to the Company and Warrant Agent. </B>If the Warrant Agent shall receive any notice or demand addressed to the Company by
the holder of a Warrant Certificate pursuant to the provisions of the Warrant Certificates, the Warrant Agent shall promptly forward such
notice or demand to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Addresses.
</B>Any communication from the Company to the Warrant Agent with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], Attention:
[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] and any communication from the Warrant Agent to the Company with respect to this Agreement shall be addressed to Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd. Suite&nbsp;525, Sugar Land, TX 77478, Attention: [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] (or such other address as shall be specified in writing
by the Warrant Agent or by the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Governing
Law. </B>This Agreement and each Warrant Certificate issued hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of
the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Delivery
of Prospectus. </B>The Company shall furnish to the Warrant Agent sufficient copies of a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the Warrant Debt Securities deliverable upon exercise of the Warrants (the &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;),
and the Warrant Agent agrees that upon the exercise of any Warrant, the Warrant Agent will deliver to the holder of the Warrant Certificate
evidencing such Warrant, prior to or concurrently with the delivery of the Warrant Debt Securities issued upon such exercise, a Prospectus.
The Warrant Agent shall not, by reason of any such delivery, assume any responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of such Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Obtaining
of Governmental Approvals. </B>The Company will from time to time take all action which may be necessary to obtain and keep effective
any and all permits, consents and approvals of governmental agencies and authorities and securities act filings under United States Federal
and state laws (including without limitation a registration statement in respect of the Warrants and Warrant Debt Securities under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended), which may be or become requisite in connection with the issuance, sale, transfer, and delivery of
the Warrant Debt Securities issued upon exercise of the Warrants, the issuance, sale, transfer and delivery of the Warrants or upon the
expiration of the period during which the Warrants are exercisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Persons
Having Rights Under the Agreement. </B>Nothing in this Agreement shall give to any person other than the Company, the Warrant Agent and
the holders of the Warrant Certificates any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Headings.
</B>The descriptive headings of the several Articles and Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control
or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Counterparts.
</B>This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which as so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but
such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Inspection
of Agreement. </B>A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the principal corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for inspection by the holder of any Warrant Certificate. The Warrant Agent may require such holder to submit such holder&rsquo;s
Warrant Certificate for inspection by it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In
Witness Whereof,</B></FONT> the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps">Tvardi
    Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">as Company</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 6%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 44%"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attest:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Countersigned</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">
    <TD STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>],
    <FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">as Warrant Agent</FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attest:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: small-caps bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">[SIGNATURE PAGE TO TVARDI THERAPEUTICS, INC. DEBT SECURITIES WARRANT AGREEMENT]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[FACE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<B><I>Form&nbsp;of Legend if Warrants are not immediately exercisable.</I></B>]</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[Prior
to [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], Warrants evidenced by this</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 53%"><FONT>Warrant Certificate cannot be exercised.]</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EXERCISABLE ONLY IF COUNTERSIGNED BY THE WARRANT
AGENT AS PROVIDED HEREIN</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">VOID AFTER [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] P.M., [City] time, ON [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 13 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TVARDI THERAPEUTICS,&nbsp;INC.<BR>
WARRANT CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING<BR>
WARRANTS TO PURCHASE<BR>
[TITLE OF WARRANT DEBT SECURITIES]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 49%; text-align: left">No.&nbsp;[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 47%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] Warrants</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This certifies that [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] or registered assigns
is the registered owner of the above indicated number of Warrants, each Warrant entitling such owner to purchase, at any time [after [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]
p.m., [City] time, [on [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] and] on or before [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] p.m., [City] time, on [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], $[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] principal amount of [TITLE OF
WARRANT DEBT SECURITIES] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;)
issued or to be issued under the Indenture (as hereinafter defined), on the following basis: during the period from [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], through
and including [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], each Warrant shall entitle the Holder thereof, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, to purchase the principal
amount of Warrant Debt Securities stated in the Warrant Certificate at the warrant price (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Price</I></B>&rdquo;)
of [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]% of the principal amount thereof [plus accrued amortization, if any, of the original issue discount of the Warrant Debt Securities]
[plus accrued interest, if any, from the most recent date from which interest shall have been paid on the Warrant Debt Securities or,
if no interest shall have been paid on the Warrant Debt Securities, from the date of their original issuance]. [The original issue discount
($[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] for each $1,000 principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities) will be amortized at a [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]% annual rate, computed on a[n]
[semi-]annual basis [using a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months]. The Holder may exercise the Warrants evidenced hereby by
providing certain information set forth on the back hereof and by paying in full, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in
cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
the Warrant Price for each Warrant Debt Security with respect to which this Warrant is exercised to the Warrant Agent (as hereinafter
defined) and by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the purchase form on the back hereof duly executed, at the corporate trust
office of [name of Warrant Agent], or its successor as warrant agent (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;), which is, on the
date hereof, at the address specified on the reverse hereof, and upon compliance with and subject to the conditions set forth herein and
in the Warrant Agreement (as hereinafter defined).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The term &ldquo;<B><I>Holder</I></B>&rdquo; as
used herein shall mean the person in whose name at the time this Warrant Certificate shall be registered upon the books to be maintained
by the Warrant Agent for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;4 of the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate
may be exercised to purchase Warrant Debt Securities in the principal amount of $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof in registered
form. Upon any exercise of fewer than all of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, there shall be issued to the Holder hereof
a new Warrant Certificate evidencing Warrants for the aggregate principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate is issued under and in
accordance with the Warrant Agreement dated as of [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and
the Warrant Agent and is subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Agreement, to all of which terms and provisions
the Holder of this Warrant Certificate consents by acceptance hereof. Copies of the Warrant Agreement are on file at the above-mentioned
office of the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Warrant Debt Securities to be issued and delivered
upon the exercise of Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate will be issued under and in accordance with an Indenture, dated as
of [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;), between the Company and [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], as trustee (such trustee, and any successors
to such trustee, the &ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;)] and will be subject to the terms and provisions contained in the Warrant Debt
Securities and in the Indenture. Copies of the Indenture, including the form of the Warrant Debt Securities, are on file at the corporate
trust office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Transfer of this Warrant Certificate may be registered
when this Warrant Certificate is surrendered at the corporate trust office of the Warrant Agent by the registered owner or such owner&rsquo;s
assigns, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">After countersignature by the Warrant Agent and
prior to the expiration of this Warrant Certificate, this Warrant Certificate may be exchanged at the corporate trust office of the Warrant
Agent for Warrant Certificates representing Warrants for the same aggregate principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not entitle the
Holder hereof to any of the rights of a holder of the Warrant Debt Securities, including, without limitation, the right to receive payments
of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Warrant Debt Securities or to enforce any of the covenants of the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Reference is hereby made to the further provisions
of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if
set forth at this place.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid or
obligatory for any purpose until countersigned by the Warrant Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>In Witness
Whereof</B></FONT>, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed in its name and on its behalf by the facsimile signatures of its
duly authorized officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 9%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 83%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>TVARDI THERAPEUTICS, INC.</B>, as Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 42%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>COUNTERSIGNED</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]</B>,
    as Warrant Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATTEST:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>[REVERSE OF WARRANT CERTIFICATE]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>(Instructions for Exercise of Warrant)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To exercise any Warrants evidenced
hereby for Warrant Debt Securities (as hereinafter defined), the Holder must pay, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in
cash or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
the Warrant Price in full for Warrants exercised, to [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] [address of Warrant Agent], Attention: [<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>], which payment must specify
the name of the Holder and the number of Warrants exercised by such Holder. In addition, the Holder must complete the information required
below and present this Warrant Certificate in person or by mail (certified or registered mail is recommended) to the Warrant Agent at
the appropriate address set forth above. This Warrant Certificate, completed and duly executed, must be received by the Warrant Agent
within five business days of the payment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(To be executed upon exercise of Warrants)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned hereby irrevocably
elects to exercise ______ Warrants, evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, to purchase _______ $[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>] principal amount of the [TITLE
OF WARRANT DEBT SECURITIES] (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. and represents
that the undersigned has tendered payment for such Warrant Debt Securities, in lawful money of the United States of America, [in cash
or by certified check or official bank check in New York Clearing House funds] [by bank wire transfer in immediately available funds],
to the order of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc., c/o [insert name and address of Warrant Agent], in the amount of $_________ in accordance
with the terms hereof. The undersigned requests that said principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities be in fully registered form in the
authorized denominations, registered in such names and delivered all as specified in accordance with the instructions set forth below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the number of Warrants
exercised is less than all of the Warrants evidenced hereby, the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrants
for the aggregate principal amount of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised be issued and delivered to the undersigned unless
otherwise specified in the instructions below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 9%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 27%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Please Print</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 15%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in"><FONT>Address:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 21%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 6%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center"></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">(Insert Social Security or Other Identifying Number of Holder)</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">Signature Guaranteed:</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom">Signature</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified
on the face of this Warrant Certificate and must bear a signature guarantee by a FINRA member firm).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Warrant may be exercised at the following
addresses: By hand at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[<FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT>]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By mail at:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">[Instructions as to form and delivery of Warrant
Debt Securities and, if applicable, Warrant Certificates evidencing Warrants for the number of Warrant Debt Securities remaining unexercised&mdash;complete
as appropriate.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ASSIGNMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[Form&nbsp;of assignment to be executed if Warrant
Holder desires to transfer Warrant]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>For
Value Received</B></FONT><B>,</B> ______________ hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">(Please print name and address including zip code)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Please print Social Security or other identifying number</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">the right represented by the within Warrant to
purchase ________ aggregate principal amount of [Title of Warrant Debt Securities] of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc. to which the within
Warrant relates and appoints ____________________ attorney to transfer such right on the books of the Warrant Agent with full power of
substitution in the premises.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 8%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 26%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 5%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 7%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 54%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: center">Signature</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(Signature must conform in
all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Signature Guaranteed</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>tm2613101d2_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="tm2613101d2_ex5-1img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Madison A. Jones</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">+1 202 728 7087</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">madison.jones@cooley.com</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May&nbsp;1, 2026</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">3 Sugar Creek Ctr. Blvd.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Suite&nbsp;525</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Sugar Land, TX 77478</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Re: Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have acted as counsel to Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), in connection with the filing by the Company with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><I>Commission</I></B>&rdquo;) of a Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (the &ldquo;<B><I>Registration
Statement</I></B>&rdquo;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities Act</I></B>&rdquo;). The Registration
Statement includes two prospectuses, (i)&nbsp;a base prospectus (the &ldquo;<B><I>Base Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;) and (ii)&nbsp;a sales
agreement prospectus (the &ldquo;<B><I>ATM Prospectus</I></B>&rdquo;) covering up to $12,500,000 of the Company&rsquo;s common stock,
$0.001 par value per share (&ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;) that may be sold under the Sales Agreement, dated May&nbsp;1, 2026, between
the Company and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC (such agreement, the &ldquo;<B><I>Sales Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;, and such shares,
the &ldquo;<B><I>ATM Shares</I></B>&rdquo;). The Base Prospectus provides it will be supplemented in the future by one or more prospectus
supplements (each, a &ldquo;<B><I>Prospectus Supplement</I></B>&rdquo;). The Registration Statement, including the Base Prospectus (as
supplemented from time to time by one or more Prospectus Supplements) and the ATM Prospectus will provide for the registration by the
Company of the sale of the following securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 16.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">shares
                                            of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<B><I>Base Prospectus Shares</I></B>&rdquo;);</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 16.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">shares
                                            of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Preferred
                                            Stock</I></B>&rdquo;);</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 16.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">debt
                                            securities, in one or more series (the &ldquo;<B><I>Debt Securities</I></B>&rdquo;), which
                                            may be issued pursuant to an indenture to be dated on or about the date of the first issuance
                                            of Debt Securities thereunder, by and between a trustee to be selected by the Company (the
                                            &ldquo;<B><I>Trustee</I></B>&rdquo;) and the Company, in the form filed as Exhibit&nbsp;4.2
                                            to the Registration Statement and one or more indentures supplemental thereto with respect
                                            to any particular series of Debt Securities (the &ldquo;<B><I>Indenture</I></B>&rdquo;);</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 16.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">warrants
                                            to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrants</I></B>&rdquo;),
                                            which may be issued under one or more warrant agreements, to be dated on or about the date
                                            of the first issuance of the Warrants thereunder, by and between a warrant agent to be selected
                                            by the Company (the &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agent</I></B>&rdquo;) and the Company, in the forms
                                            filed as Exhibits 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6, respectively, to the Registration Statement (each, a
                                            &ldquo;<B><I>Warrant Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;); and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 16.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the
                                            ATM Shares.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Base Prospectus Shares, the Preferred Stock,
the Debt Securities, the Warrants and the ATM Shares, plus any additional Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities and Warrants
that may be registered pursuant to any registration statement that the Company may hereafter file with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;under
the Securities Act in connection with an offering by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement, are collectively referred to
herein as the &ldquo;<B><I>Securities</I></B>.&rdquo; The Securities are being registered for offer and sale from time to time pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Cooley
LLP 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite&nbsp;700 Washington, DC 20004-2400<BR>
t: (202) 842-7800 f: (202) 842-7899 cooley.com</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm2613101d2_ex5-1img01.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
 May&nbsp;1, 2026 <BR>
Page&nbsp;Two &nbsp; &nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with this opinion, we have examined
and relied upon the Company&rsquo;s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, each as currently in effect, the Sales Agreement and such
other records, documents, certificates, opinions, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to
enable us to render the opinion expressed below. We have assumed the genuineness of all signatures; the authenticity of all documents
submitted to us as originals; the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; the accuracy, completeness and
authenticity of certificates of public officials; and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents where authorization,
execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness thereof. As to certain factual matters, we have relied upon a certificate
of an officer of the Company and have not independently verified such matters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With respect to our opinion as to the Base Prospectus
Shares, we have assumed that, at the time of issuance and sale, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock will be authorized and
available for issuance and that the consideration for the issuance and sale of the Base Prospectus Shares (or Preferred Stock or Debt
Securities convertible into, or Warrants exercisable for, Common Stock) will be in an amount that is not less than the par value of the
Common Stock. With respect to our opinion as to the Preferred Stock, we have assumed that, at the time of issuance and sale, a sufficient
number of shares of Preferred Stock will be authorized, designated and available for issuance and that the consideration for the issuance
and sale of the Preferred Stock (or Debt Securities convertible into, or Warrants exercisable for, Preferred Stock) will be in an amount
that is not less than the par value of the Preferred Stock. We have also assumed that any Debt Securities or Warrants offered under the
Registration Statement, and the related Indenture and Warrant Agreement will be executed in the forms filed as exhibits to the Registration
Statement or incorporated by reference therein. We have also assumed that (i)&nbsp;with respect to Securities issuable upon conversion
of any convertible Preferred Stock, such convertible Preferred Stock will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable;
and (ii)&nbsp;with respect to any Securities issuable upon conversion of any convertible Debt Securities or upon exercise of any Warrants,
such convertible Debt Securities or Warrants will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against
the Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
arrangement, moratorium or other similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights, and subject to general equity principles and to limitations
on availability of equitable relief, including specific performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">With respect to the ATM Shares, we have assumed
that (i)&nbsp;each sale of the ATM Shares will be duly authorized by the Board of Directors of the Company, a duly authorized committee
thereof or a person or body pursuant to an authorization granted in accordance with Section&nbsp;152 of the General Corporation Law of
the State of Delaware (the &ldquo;<B><I>DGCL</I></B>&rdquo;) and (ii)&nbsp;no more than 12,500,000 ATM Shares will be sold for a consideration
not less than the par value of the Common Stock. With respect to the ATM Shares, we express no opinion to the extent that future issuances
of securities of the Company, anti-dilution adjustments to outstanding securities of the Company or other matters cause the number of
shares of Common Stock issuable under the Sales Agreement to exceed the number of shares available for issuance by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our opinion herein is expressed solely with respect
to the DGCL and, as to the Debt Securities and the Warrants constituting binding obligations of the Company, the laws of the State of
New York. Our opinion is based on these laws as in effect on the date hereof. We express no opinion to the extent that any other laws
are applicable to the subject matter hereof and express no opinion and provide no assurance as to compliance with any federal or state
securities law, rule&nbsp;or regulation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Cooley
LLP 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite&nbsp;700 Washington, DC 20004-2400<BR>
t: (202) 842-7800 f: (202) 842-7899 cooley.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="tm2613101d2_ex5-1img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Tvardi
                                            Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May&nbsp;1, 2026</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;Three</P></TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On the basis of the foregoing, in reliance thereon
and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and exceptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>With
respect to the Base Prospectus Shares offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (a)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and
any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Base Prospectus and any and all
Prospectus Supplement(s)&nbsp;required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (b)&nbsp;the issuance
of the Base Prospectus Shares has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company; (c)&nbsp;the issuance
and sale of the Base Prospectus Shares do not violate any applicable law, are in conformity with the Company&rsquo;s then operative certificate
of incorporation (the &ldquo;<B><I>Certificate of Incorporation</I></B>&rdquo;) and bylaws (the &ldquo;<B><I>Bylaws</I></B>&rdquo;),
do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and comply with any applicable requirement
or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (d)&nbsp;the certificates, if any,
for the Base Prospectus Shares have been duly executed by the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor and duly delivered
to the purchasers thereof against payment therefor, then the Base Prospectus Shares, when issued and sold in accordance with a duly authorized,
executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Preferred Stock or convertible
Debt Securities in accordance with their terms, or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>With
respect to the Preferred Stock offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (a)&nbsp;the Registration Statement and any required
post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Base Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s)&nbsp;required
by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such laws; (b)&nbsp;the terms and issuance of the Preferred Stock have
been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company; (c)&nbsp;the terms of the shares of Preferred Stock
and their issuance and sale do not violate any applicable law, are in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws,
do not result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and comply with any applicable requirement
or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (d)&nbsp;the certificates, if any,
for the Preferred Stock have been duly executed by the Company, countersigned by the transfer agent therefor and duly delivered to the
purchasers thereof against payment therefor, then the Preferred Stock, when issued and sold in accordance with a duly authorized, executed
and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon conversion of any convertible Debt Securities in accordance with their
terms, or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>With
respect to any series of the Debt Securities issued under the Indenture and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (a)&nbsp;the
Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Base
Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s)&nbsp;required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such
laws; (b)&nbsp;the Indenture has been duly authorized by the Company and the Trustee by all necessary corporate action; (c)&nbsp;the
Indenture has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Trustee and has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of
1939, as amended; (d)&nbsp;the issuance and terms of the Debt Securities have been duly authorized by the Company by all necessary corporate
action; (e)&nbsp;the terms of the Debt Securities and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the Indenture
so as not to violate any applicable law or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company,
so as to be in conformity with the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction
imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Company; and (f)&nbsp;the notes representing the Debt Securities
have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee pursuant to the Indenture and delivered against
payment therefor, then the Debt Securities, when issued and sold in accordance with the Indenture and a duly authorized, executed and
delivered purchase, underwriting or similar agreement, or upon exercise of any Warrants in accordance with their terms, will be binding
obligations of the Company, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating
to or affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally, and by general equitable principles (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding
at law or in equity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Cooley
LLP 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite&nbsp;700 Washington, DC 20004-2400<BR>
t: (202) 842-7800 f: (202) 842-7899 cooley.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><IMG SRC="tm2613101d2_ex5-1img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May&nbsp;1, 2026</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;Four</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>With
respect to the Warrants issued under the Warrant Agreements and offered under the Registration Statement, provided that (a)&nbsp;the
Registration Statement and any required post-effective amendment thereto have become effective under the Securities Act and the Base
Prospectus and any and all Prospectus Supplement(s)&nbsp;required by applicable laws have been delivered and filed as required by such
laws; (b)&nbsp;the applicable Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized by the Company and the Warrant Agent by all necessary corporate
action; (c)&nbsp;the applicable Warrant Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and the Warrant Agent; (d)&nbsp;the
issuance and terms of the Warrants have been duly authorized by the Company by all necessary corporate action; (e)&nbsp;the terms of
the Warrants and of their issuance and sale have been duly established in conformity with the applicable Warrant Agreement and as described
in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement(s), so as not to violate any applicable law
or result in a default under or breach of any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company, so as to be in conformity with the Certificate
of Incorporation and the Bylaws, and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having
jurisdiction over the Company; and (f)&nbsp;the Warrants have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and authenticated by the
Warrant Agent pursuant to the applicable Warrant Agreement and delivered against payment therefor, then the Warrants, when issued and
sold in accordance with the applicable Warrant Agreement and a duly authorized, executed and delivered purchase, underwriting or similar
agreement, will be binding obligations of the Company, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally, and by general equitable principles (regardless of
whether considered in a proceeding at law or in equity).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
ATM Shares, when sold and issued against payment therefor in accordance with the Sales Agreement, the Registration Statement and the
ATM Prospectus, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our opinion set forth above is limited to the
matters expressly set forth in this letter, and no opinion has been or should be implied, or may be inferred, beyond the matters expressly
stated. This opinion speaks only as to law and facts in effect or existing as of the date hereof, and we have no obligation or responsibility
to update or supplement this opinion to reflect any facts or circumstances that may hereafter come to our attention or any changes in
law that may hereafter occur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Base
Prospectus and the ATM Prospectus. We further consent to the incorporation by reference of this opinion into any registration statement
filed pursuant to Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act with respect to additional Securities. In giving such consents, we do
not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act or the
rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Cooley
LLP 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite&nbsp;700 Washington, DC 20004-2400<BR>
t: (202) 842-7800 f: (202) 842-7899 cooley.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="tm2613101d2_ex5-1img01.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">May&nbsp;1, 2026</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;Five</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Sincerely,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Cooley LLP</P>

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  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/
Madison A. Jones</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Madison A. Jones</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Cooley
LLP 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite&nbsp;700 Washington, DC 20004-2400<BR>
t: (202) 842-7800 f: (202) 842-7899 cooley.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>tm2613101d2_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;23.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 of our report dated March&nbsp;31, 2026
relating to the financial statements of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc., appearing in the Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K of Tvardi Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.
for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2025. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading &quot;Experts&quot; in such Registration
Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Deloitte&nbsp;&amp; Touche
    LLP</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Houston, Texas</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May&nbsp;1, 2026</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>tm2613101d1_ex-filingfees.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
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              <b>Security Class Title </b>
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              <b>Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule</b>
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	</td>
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	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
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          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
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          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-477">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-478">Warrants</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_4" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-479">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-480">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		1
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-481">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-482">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-483">200,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="7" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-484">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-485">27,620.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fees Previously Paid
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Carry Forward Securities
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;">
            <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-486">200,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;">
            <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-487">27,620.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fees Previously Paid:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalPreviouslyPaidAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-488">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fee Offsets:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-489">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Net Fee Due:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="2" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-490">27,620.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offering Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-491">Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon the conversion or exercise of, or in exchange for, other securities offered hereby.

There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $200,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $200,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The $200,000,000 of securities registered hereunder includes $12,500,000 of shares of common stock that may be offered, issued and sold pursuant to that certain sales agreement, dated May 1, 2026 by and between the registrant and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b under the heading "Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure" of Part II, Item 16, of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. </ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
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    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center;  border: 1px solid black;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 10%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 16%;">
				Registrant or Filer Name
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Form or Filing Type
			</th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
				File Number
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Initial Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 8%;">
				Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 9%;">
				Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source
			</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rule 457(p)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td>

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
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            <b>Table 3: Combined Prospectuses</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
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              <b>Initial Effective Date</b>
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          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td>

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          <td>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.26.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 30, 2026</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001346830<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>15
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.26.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2026 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1', window );">Offering: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2', window );">Offering: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3', window );">Offering: 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt Securities<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4', window );">Offering: 4</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Warrants<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5', window );">Offering: 5</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,620.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon the conversion or exercise of, or in exchange for, other securities offered hereby.

There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $200,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $200,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The $200,000,000 of securities registered hereunder includes $12,500,000 of shares of common stock that may be offered, issued and sold pursuant to that certain sales agreement, dated May 1, 2026 by and between the registrant and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b under the heading "Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure" of Part II, Item 16, of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:nonNegative100TMonetary2ItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingNote">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingNote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:textBlockItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection o<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_Rule457oFlg</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=4</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=5</td>
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<tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<title></title>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.26.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Apr. 30, 2026 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOfferingAmt', window );">Total Offering</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt', window );">Previously Paid Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlFeeAmt', window );">Total Fee Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,620.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt', window );">Total Offset Amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt', window );">Net Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,620.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_NetFeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_NetFeeAmt</td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlFeeAmt</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOfferingAmt</td>
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<td>ffd:nonNegative1TMonetary2ItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlOffsetAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlOffsetAmt</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_TtlPrevslyPdAmt</td>
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<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</div>
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    <ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa contextRef="rc" id="hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">N/A</ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_1"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-402"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_2"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-403"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_3"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-404"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_4"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-405"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="rc" id="ixv-466">S-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="rc" id="ixv-467">Tvardi Therapeutics, Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-468">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-469">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_1" id="ixv-470">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-471">Equity</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-472">Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-473">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-474">Debt</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-475">Debt Securities</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-476">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-477">Other</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTitl contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-478">Warrants</ffd:OfferingSctyTitl>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-479">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:PrevslyPdFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-480">false</ffd:PrevslyPdFlg>
    <ffd:OfferingSctyTp contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-481">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ffd:OfferingSctyTp>
    <ffd:Rule457oFlg contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-482">true</ffd:Rule457oFlg>
    <ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-483"
      unitRef="USD">200000000.00</ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FeeRate
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="7"
      id="ixv-484"
      unitRef="pure">0.0001381</ffd:FeeRate>
    <ffd:FeeAmt
      contextRef="offrl_5"
      decimals="2"
      id="ixv-485"
      unitRef="USD">27620.00</ffd:FeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOfferingAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-486" unitRef="USD">200000000.00</ffd:TtlOfferingAmt>
    <ffd:TtlFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-487" unitRef="USD">27620.00</ffd:TtlFeeAmt>
    <ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-488" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt>
    <ffd:TtlOffsetAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-489" unitRef="USD">0.00</ffd:TtlOffsetAmt>
    <ffd:NetFeeAmt contextRef="rc" decimals="2" id="ixv-490" unitRef="USD">27620.00</ffd:NetFeeAmt>
    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-491">Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon the conversion or exercise of, or in exchange for, other securities offered hereby.

There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $200,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $200,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or in combination with other securities registered hereunder. The $200,000,000 of securities registered hereunder includes $12,500,000 of shares of common stock that may be offered, issued and sold pursuant to that certain sales agreement, dated May 1, 2026 by and between the registrant and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b under the heading "Instructions to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure" of Part II, Item 16, of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. </ffd:OfferingNote>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
